Drilling Fluid Program

Drilling Fluid Program
HORIZONTAL OIL WELL PRODUCER HASSI MESSAOUD FIELD

WELL: OMLZ-42 (Rig: ENF-47)
HPWBM (EMEC HEAL) Option (16" section)
Name/Position Sign Date
FOR SONATRACH-DF
Prepared by: R. AMIR

Technical Manager
Approved by: Z. MESSAOUDI
Operations Manager
Checked by:
Approved by:
INTRODUCTION
1. General Concept
EMEC is engaged in the process initiated by SONATRACH-DF to replace the OBM system with a WBM system. Indeed, the use of O
becomes restricted by environmental regulations, so that there is a great need for environmentally friendly WBM able to provide the
acceptable requirements. In fact, ARH (Hydrocarbon Regulatory Authority in Algeria) shall ban very soon, the usage of Diese
base oil in
Drilling Fluids.
To this end, EMEC has carried out a detailed study to propose suitable WBM formulations for drilling intermediate sections
(16" and 12"¼ for case of Full borehole, 12"¼ and 8"½ for slim borehole) in BERKINE basin (similar to Hassi Messaoud Field).
Nevertheless, in the first step, this technical
proposal only concerns phase 16" (Full borehole) or 12"¼ (slim borehole).
This study was developed in 3 steps:

i. Shale sampling
ii. Shale characterization.
iii. WBM Formulation design
2. EMEC shale’s reactivity study in BERKINE Basin

2.1. Shale sampling
Shale cuttings samples collected from Well NAHS-1 (Total of 35 samples) were sent to EMEC Central
Laboratories in Alexandria, Egypt.
❑ Basin: BERKINE
❑ Area: MenzelLedjmat
❑ Bloc : 212
2.2. Cuttings characterization

The following tests were performed in order to characterize the main clay minerals present in the samples
and their reactivity:
❑ X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
❑ Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
❑ Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)
Semi-quantitative analysis obtained by X–Ray diffraction for whole rock samples
Semi-quantitative analysis obtained by X–Ray diffraction for clay fraction samples
Micro-structure by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.3. WBM Formulation design
The reactivity of the cuttings was assessed by dispersion, swelling and hardness tests when exposed to
simple brine fluids and to fully formulated mud systems. The following tests were performed:
❑ Capillary Suction Timer (CST)
❑ Linear Swell Meter (LSM)
❑ Durometer Hardness Measurement
❑ Shale Recovery Test (Shale Disintegration)
CST Results LSM Results
2.4. Main conclusions and recommendations
- The CEC results and XRD analyses indicate that the shales received from well NAHS-1 have only low to mode
reactivity. This conclusion is supported by the cuttings recovery and
swelling data.
- The SEM study has shown that several cuttings contained cracks and anisotropy that can be expected to act as plan
weakness in the down hole shales and may promote mechanical instability. The presence of few cracks and anisotrop
shale supports the use of Micro-
Fracture Sealing & Bridging additives for maximum wellbore stability.
- The most effective level of KCl is indicated to be between 6.0 % and 10 %. It is recommended that during the use of
inhibitive KCl fluid in the field, wellbore condition, cuttings quality, appearance of any caving and the rate of increase in
reactive clays in the mud are all taken to
indicate if changes in the programmed KCl concentration are required.
- The Durometer hardness (Type A) showed a very good effect of HPWBM Fluid on surface of
shale plug compared to the Blank Fluid.
- The shale recovery tests show that the cuttings will disperse easily in the Blank Fluid whereas the
HPWBM Fluid exhibited a superior inhibitive behavior ranged from 86.3 to 96.3 % during the test period.
- Results of the Linear Swell Meter testing indicate that the most of shale samples were moderately reactive when exposed
Blank Fluid and the HPWBM system gives an excellent level of shale inhibition that should be sufficient to contro
swelling tendencies in the HASSI
BERKINE wells.
3. Inhibition mechanism of EMEC HEAL system
Also, the use of the Sodium Chloride (NaCl) in the mud system reduces the water activity, reducing or
reversing Osmotic transfer of water molecules into shale.
KCl
Sealing of shale
Cation
micro- Fractures
Exchange
Plugging shale
pores t reduce EMEC BLACK Encapsulati
pore pressure BU HEAL on
penetration LATEX
Inhibition by
Reduction of
suppressing
Water
hydration and
permeation rate
swelling within the
into shale
clay minerals
Replacement of
E-HIB Inter- Layer
Water
m
ESSAOUD FIELD
)
ection)
Date
22.Feb.2023
23.Feb.2023
tem with a WBM system. Indeed, the use of OBM
onmentally friendly WBM able to provide the same
shall ban very soon, the usage of Diesel as
ormulations for drilling intermediate sections wells

basin (similar to Hassi Messaoud Field).
sent to EMEC Central
ent in the samples
whole rock samples

ay fraction samples
y (SEM)
when exposed to
med:
LSM Results
om well NAHS-1 have only low to moderate
tropy that can be expected to act as planes of

The presence of few cracks and anisotropy in the
It is recommended that during the use of an

e of any caving and the rate of increase in
M Fluid on surface of
k Fluid whereas the

% during the test period.
es were moderately reactive when exposed to

hibition that should be sufficient to control any
duces the water activity, reducing or
Encapsulati
on
Reduction of
Water
permeation rate
into shale
Master Products
BLACK HEAL
BLACK HEAL is organic compounds similar to Alcohol and
contains engineered multi-sized particles in a proprietary blend
containing coupled Gilsonite, Glycol and Surfactant.
Description
Used in all water-based drilling fluid systems for stabilizing and

strengthening weak or depleted formations.
Provides effective inhibition for controlling hydration and swelling

while drilling reactive clay and shale formations.
The broad PSD (particle size distribution) is designed to bridge
and seal micro-fractures, which minimizes spurt loss.
Technical and engineering
Also improves filter cake quality and fluid loss control

(Depending upon the molecule, it will come out of the solution,
"cloud" the water phase and act as a particle in plugging
formation and filter cake pores).
information
Have a tendency to preferentially wet metal surfaces, thus the

"pipe wetting" characteristics.
Black Heal is a non-toxic product that is not harmful to EMEC BU Latex is an irritant and can be hazardous if the environment.
inhaled, ingested or splashed in the eyes.
Activation Temp: 120° F Temp Tolerance Up To 290° F

It can be miscible (of liquids) forming a homogeneous mixture
when added together or have variable solubility depending upon
temperature.
On increasing the temperature of the fluid, the Black Heal starts
to come out of solution and / or otherwise clear liquid starts to
become opaque and "cloudy".
The temperature at which this occurs is usually very precise and
is particular to each Black Heal type.
Other physical properties
Black Heal is 100% water soluble at ambient temperature. Solution is heated until the Black Heal reaches “cloud point” and becomes insoluble.
A thermally activated micro emulsion forms.
In-gauge wellbores.
Lower fluid loss and leak-off values.
Less torque, drag, and bit balling. More ROP. Slicker, firmer filter cakes.
Lower potential for differential sticking.
Enhances cuttings integrity, which improves cuttings removal efficiency at the shale shakers and results in lower dilution rates.
Greater wellbore stability...
Master Products
E-HIB
E-HIB additive is a liquid polyamine shale inhibitor
Used in polymer mud system, to prevent water uptake by clays and prevent the clay hydration.
E - Hib Polyamine provides superior inhibition of reactive clays and gumbo by suppressing hydration and swelling within the
minerals by intercalating and reducing the space between
clay platelets so that water molecules will not penetrate and cause shale swelling.
Cutting condition has to be monitored at the shale shaker, cutting should be firm and dry, sticky and balled-up cuttings may in
insufficient inhibition from a low concentration of E-Hib , the initial mixture may contain more concentration than specified in t
program to act as a buffer against high consumption while drilling the active shale formation.
E - Hib may be harmful if splashed in the eyes or ingested, and may be an irritant.
Flash point > 200° F Specific Gravity 1.12 sg Soluble in water

On increasing the temperature of the fluid, the Black Heal starts to come out of solution and / or
otherwise clear liquid starts to become opaque and "cloudy". The temperature at which this occurs is usually very precise and
particular to each Black Heal type.
E - Hib is usually added at concentrations ranging from 3.0 % to 5% by vol, according to the level of inhibition required. E -Hi
added directly to the active circulation system or mixed with water
or water-based fluids in the reserve tank.
WELL SUMMARY
1. SYNOPTIC DIAGRAM:
Distance between EMEC BERKINE Base and well site (OMLZ-42) =
290 Km (to be used for transport invoice)
2. Well BLUEPRINT:
3. TIME ESTIMATE:
4. TIME VS DEPTH CURVE:
Master Products
EMEC BU LATEX
EMEC BU LATEX is an aqueous solution containing Styrene
Butadiene Latex (copolymer), which forms a semi-permeable
membrane to seal the borehole.
Borehole sealant to provide a range of benefits.
Produces a semi-permeable membrane at the shale surface,

improving osmotic efficiency and reducing pressure
transmission into the shale.
The semi-permeable membrane mechanically seals micro-

fractures in shales, and reduces pressure in the shale matrix.
This helps to stabilize and strengthen the well bore, minimizing
washout and spurt loss. It also improves filter cake texture and
compaction, and protects the drilling fluid and filter
cake from the effects of drilled solids and other contaminants.
to EMEC BU Latex is an irritant and can be hazardous if the environment.

hed in the eyes.
Miscible in water
e. Solution is heated until the Black Heal reaches “cloud point” and becomes insoluble.
mally activated micro emulsion forms.
n-gauge wellbores.
uid loss and leak-off values.
balling. More ROP. Slicker, firmer filter cakes.
ential for differential sticking.
emoval efficiency at the shale shakers and results in lower dilution rates.
ater wellbore stability...
m, to prevent water uptake by clays and prevent the clay hydration.
hibition of reactive clays and gumbo by suppressing hydration and swelling within the clay
he space between
will not penetrate and cause shale swelling.
t the shale shaker, cutting should be firm and dry, sticky and balled-up cuttings may indicate
tration of E-Hib , the initial mixture may contain more concentration than specified in the mud
consumption while drilling the active shale formation.
e eyes or ingested, and may be an irritant.
12 sg Soluble in water
uid, the Black Heal starts to come out of solution and / or
opaque and "cloudy". The temperature at which this occurs is usually very precise and is
ns ranging from 3.0 % to 5% by vol, according to the level of inhibition required. E -Hib can be
ystem or mixed with water
k.
L SUMMARY
een EMEC BERKINE Base and well site (OMLZ-42) =
0 Km (to be used for transport invoice)
5. OFF SET WELLS:
Well Section
OMLZ-67 26" d=1, 05 SG
(Drilled w/ Kelly ) TD=526m
16" d=1, 25 SG TD=2306m
12"¼ d=2, 05 - 2, 09 SG
TD=3288m
8"⅜ d=1, 40 SG TD=3439m
6" d=1, 32 - 1,45 SG TD= 4139m
OMLZ-562 36" d=1, 05 SG

TD=62m
26" d=1, 05 SG
TD=547m
16" d=1, 25 SG TD=2331m
12"¼ d=2, 06 - 2, 08 SG
TD=3301m
8"⅜ d=1, 45 SG TD=3412m
6" d=1,44 SG TD= 4324m

Discussion
No formation losses occurred during this section
Recorded hard back reaming & stuck in

CENOMANIEN SALIFERE formation while pull out @ 1029m &
required 3 water plugs to get free and jarring
down. (36 HR'S back reaming with Kelly).
*Over pull + 10t while drilling (TS2) & connections; then
Increase mud weight f/2.05 t/2.07
* Pull out with hard back reaming (TS2 formation d=2, 07); string
sucked and no flow return;
Got free by jarring down 130t then flow return 100%.
*Increase density again to 2, 09 due to Over pull + 10t while drilling
(TS2) & connections.
* Positive SBT, Positive FIT
Got string stuck while connection@ 3299m free with jarring ,
wash and reamed this interval and drilling
ahead to casing point.
During this section recorded:
- Unstable well (gas kicks); what required to increased mud weight
from 1,32 to 1,36 then 1,50sg
- Partial losses 300l/h to 2m3/h, healed by reducing mud weight to
1,40sg
- Stuck pipe while control well with drillers method at 4121m; freed
by pumping 22,4m3 of diesel
- Well control problem , oil and gas at face after trip out of hole ,
stripping operation,( 7.5 days to control
the well )
Drilled 36" hole to 62m and set 30"csg without
problems
Recorded losses at 160m (6m3/h) and 225m (9m3/h);
pumped 10m3 & 15m3 LCM plugs every time
Left in hole near bit, stabiliser and PDC bit wile pull out;
performed positive fishing operation
** Total back reaming 12 hr's while POOH
** Lost total 14m3 mud while 13 3/8" casing cementing
job
Mud weight started with 2.05 then increased before LD2 at
2.08sg and maintained till reach TD Experienced some back
reaming while pilling out SBT: perform SBT with 2.29 EMWT, P
max. =830 psi P stab. =790 psi, V pump=3.8 BBL’S
V ret. =3.5BBL’S
FIT Performed with P max =560 psi, P stab. =548 psi, V pump = V
ret. =3.3BBL’S
** No mud losses recorded while cement job.
No drilling problems encountered while drilling this

section.
Got string stuck while sliding drilling @ 3908m – work on string with
40 ton over pull tell got free.
Got string stuck while sliding drilling @ 4149m – work on string
with 70 ton over pull tell got free and observed a lot of
cutting on shaker ( hole profile and hole cleaning issue )
** DST results 18 m3/ hr oil flow ,,,, " 400m water cushion ) ,
Ream open hole after DST , run 4 1/2" liner
without problems.
Well Section
OMLZ-473 26" d=1, 05 SG TD=546m
(Drilled w/ Kelly )
16" d=1, 25 SG TD=2332m
12"¼ d=2, 02 - 2, 07 SG
TD=2310m
8"⅜ d=1, 40 SG TD=3505m
6" d=1,46 SG TD= 3867m

Discussion
No formation losses occurred while drilling this section Some tight
spots and reaming while POOH
Hard back reaming across CENOMANIAN formation while

drilling
16.75 hr's back reaming with Kelly , spot 10 m3 acid pill
across TURONIAN and 2 X 8 m3 water pill across SALIFERE
formation while POOH.
No problem encountered while run casing.
Positive SBT
Isolate 10 m3 contaminated mud with LD2 after RIH with kick
off Directional assy.
Negative FIT, max pr 320 psi , stabilized @ 145 psi Consolidate
formation by spotting two cement plug (one on bottom and
the second one across 13 3/8" casing shoe and covered LD1
formation ) Positive FIT stabilized @ 444 psi
No problems encountered during running and cementing
operation for 9 5/8" casing.
No problems encountered while drilling this section, just

abnormal slow ROP while drill this section.
Got stuck while drilling @ 3854m, several attempts to free stuck

without success, fishing operation, lift bit and turbine shaft, spot
cement plug and side track the well.
Drill ahead 13m after original stuck point and again got stuck
@ 3867m several attempts to free stuck without success,
backed off string and carried out
Successful fishing operation.
6. PROGRAMMED HOLE, CASING SIZES AND MUD SYSTEM
Hole size 26" 16" 12"¼ 8"½
Interval depth (m) 0 – 536 536 – 2326 2326 – 3282 3282 – 3381
1790
Length (m)
536 963 92
KOP (m) 3050
TMD (m)
3289 3381
TVD (m) 3282 3358
INC (°)
23.89 44.83
VS (m) 49 101
Mud system
SPUD MUD EMEC HEAL EMEC OBM EMEC OBM
(HPWBM)
Casing size 18 ⅝" 13 ⅜" 9 ⅝" 7" Liner (TOL :
2551m)
7. MUD WEIGHT PROGRAM
Hole size 26" 16" 12"¼ 8"½
Mud system SPUD MUD EMEC HEAL EMEC OBM EMEC OBM
(HPWBM)
1.45
Mud Weight (SG)
1.05 2.08 1.45
6"
3381 – 4008
672
4008
3406
89.4
716
EMEC OBM CaCO3
4 1/2" Liner
6"
EMEC OBM CaCO3
As per SH-DP
26" section SPUD MUD
26"Interval (m) 0 - 536
26"Length (m) 536
Mud system Spud Mud
Mud Weight (SG) 1.05
Expected formations and geological description in this section:
Formation Geological description Interval (m) Length (m)
MIOPLIOCENE Sand, Calcareous & Sandy marl 0 - 276 276
EOCENE Dolomite, Claystone 276 - 393 117
SENONIAN CARBONATE Calcareous, Dolomite & Clay 393 - 496 103
SENONIAN ANHYDRITE Anhydrite, Dolomite 496 - 536 40
I. Discussion
I.1. Objectives
This section will be drilled with a simple Bentonite Mud which is economical and has sufficient gels to
provide good suspension of cuttings when the pumps are off and good carrying for hole cleaning.
This section will drill through unconsolidated formations (MIOPLIOCENE and SENONIAN CARBONATE) made of sand and Calca
which are very prone to whole mud losses. It will be required a higher
viscosity and filter-cake to help seal off such formations and stabilize the wellbore.
The objective is to run 18 ⅝" casing to cover potential losses sands and Calcareous (MIOPLIOCENE,
SENONIAN CARBONATE and TOP of SENONIAN ANHYDRITE).
I.2. Best Practices
a. Mixing Procedure
First, check the total hardness and chloride of the drill water. The on-site Mud Engineer must repeat this check if the drill water sourc
changed or for any other reason.
1. Fill the pit with drill water to the required level.
2. Add Soda Ash to reduce Calcium hardness (using 0.26Kg/m3 Soda Ash /100ppm of Ca++).
3. Add Bentonite to pre-treated drill water until the required concentration with maximum shear
for at least 6 hours before start drilling in order to allow the clays to swell and provide good rheology.
4. Add Caustic Soda to increase pH to 12 and reduce Magnesium hardness (using 0.08Kg/m3 Caustic Soda /100ppm of M
5. If necessary, add the required amount of Polytrex (FL Reducer).

b. Engineering Recommendations:
▪ With an aim of trying quickly to solve formation losses problem, it is recommended to prepare 30m3 of
a mixture of Lost Circulation Material (LCM) built as per the recipe below, in order to pump this pill at once the problem occur.
▪ Sufficient mud chemicals and LCM materials should be kept on rig site during the drilling of this
interval to cope with the anticipated formation losses.
▪ Sweep the hole with Hi–Vis pills of mud, having a Yield Point greater than 50lb/100ft2, in order to
boost the hole cleaning rheology and filtrate control while maintaining the lowest practical mud weight. (Xanthan Gum might
for increase YP in the high viscous pill).
▪ The use of Xanthan Gum is an option, in addition to provide high viscosity, its secondary benefit is to reduce the filtrate of m
form a thin Mud cake, thus reducing the chances of the casing
becoming differentially stuck.
▪ At 5m from the TD section, it is recommended to treat the active system with 1.40 Kg/m3 POLYTREX
to reduce the API filtrate below 15 cc to ensure wellbore stability and minimize hole fill while tripping and running casings.
▪ Dump the sand trap every three connections, or as needed, in order to maintain the proper Mud Weight and solids co
the range.
▪ Solids control equipment has to be run all times, so LGS can be maintained all the time around 5% by volume.
▪ At TD section, the hole will be circulated clean and 25m3 of high viscous pill will be spotted on bottom before pulling out to run 1
casing.
▪ The Yield Point will be reduced between 20 and 25 lb/100ft2 (by dilution) before 18 ⅝" casing cementation.
I.3. Phase expected problems

1. Down hole losses is expected while drilling these sections (unconsolidated formations):
The mud weight has to be minimized and maintained as low as possible by good solids control,
dumping and diluting as necessary.
Overloading of the annulus with cuttings leads to an increase of ECD and hence a potential
cause of increased losses. For this reason control of the rate of penetration should be considered as a potential
preventative measure.
Controlling the rate of tripping will also aid the prevention of losses and hole stability, by
reducing swab and surge pressures.
gels to
) made of sand and Calcareous,
CENE,
check if the drill water source is
ogy.
Caustic Soda /100ppm of Mg++).
of
e the problem occur.
f this
der to
eight. (Xanthan Gum might be used
to reduce the filtrate of mud and
X
d running casings.
Mud Weight and solids content into

by volume.
m before pulling out to run 18 ⅝"
ing cementation.
s):
ol,
otential
e considered as a potential
by
Before start drilling prepare 30m3 of LCM to solve formation losses problem, the conventional LCM Materials (Mica, EME
and EMEC Seal) will be used for curing losses (if any) and as per recipe below:
Mica (M & C) (65 + 65) Kg/m3
EMEC Plug (M & C) (65 + 65) Kg/m3
EMEC Seal (M & C) (50 + 50) Kg/m3
Xanthan Gum 1.25 Kg/m3
Said pill will be spotted on bottom and lifted for one hour to two hours (wait for soak) to assure
good healing across losses zone, Pill could be repeated if required.
For more details, refer to Appendix (Lost Circulation Decision Tree)
2. Bit balling (potential problem through the clays):
This is notable by a drop in drilling rate coinciding with an increase in Torque.
Preventive actions:
It is recommended to treat the circulating system with +/- 2 kg/m3 of EMEC Detergent and EMEC LUBE at 2
(+/-20m before reach the Top of EOCENE) and reduce the concentration of the Bentonite.
As contingency, ensuring that the pH of the mud is in the higher value of the interval recommended range (pH
will aid the dispersion of sticky clays and help to prevent bit
balling.
Corrective actions:
If bit balling occurs, 5 m3 of Caustic Soda pill (6 Kg/m3) can be pumped during connections combined with EMEC
Detergent (8 Kg/m3) and EMEC Plug Medium (50 Kg/m3) if necessary.
Also Diesel is a good drilling practice during bit balling problem (3-4% by volume is
recommended).
I.4. Mud properties maintenance discussion
a. Mud weight:
The mud weight must be maintained as low as possible (1.06 SG), to reduce the risk of losing circulation either (partial, total losses)
unconsolidated formation and optimize the rate of penetration.
This could be achieved by the use of all available solids control equipment, the periodical dumping of the
sand trap and whole mud dilution.
Xanthan Gum might be used (instead of Bentonite) for increase YP without increasing mud weight and
therefore maximize the penetration rate.
conventional LCM Materials (Mica, EMEC Plug
ak) to assure
ecision Tree)
C Detergent and EMEC LUBE at 256m

ion of the Bentonite.
the interval recommended range (pH = 12),
uring connections combined with EMEC
4% by volume is
g circulation either (partial, total losses) in the
mping of the
d weight and
b. Rheology :
The Yield Point should be maintained at the high side of the proposed range (35 to 50 lbs/100ft2) to improve the mud carry
capacity. While drilling large hole diameter the low annular velocity will result in poor hole cleaning if the YP is low.
The YP should be decreased progressively to 35 lb/100ft2 before reaching the 18 ⅝" casing point depth.
c. pH value & alkalinity control:

The pH value should be maintained in a range of 11 to 12 using pre dissolved Caustic Soda in the chemical barrel; the
agent improve the performance of the mud products as well as corrosion
prevention.
II. Recommended Mud Characteristics

Mud type Spud Mud
Mud weight (SG) 1.05
Marsh viscosity from 60 to 80s
Yield value (lbs/100ft2) 35 to 50
PV (cP) ALAP
Fluid loss No control / 15cc
pH 11 to 12
Gels 0/10 20/40
MBT (Kg/m3) 80 to 100
LGS (%) <5
Mud Alkalinity Pm 0.80 – 1.20 cc (H2SO4 N/50)
Filtrate Alkalinity Pf 0.15 – 0.25 cc (H2SO4 N/50)
Filtrate Alkalinity Mf 0.30 – 0.90 cc (H2SO4 N/50)
Ca++ (g/l) < 0.4
III. Recommended Products Concentrations

Products Function Unit size Concentration (Kg/m3)
Drill water Base fluid m3 0.969 m3/m3
Soda Ash Water Hardness control 25 Kg 0.50
Caustic Soda Alkalinity for pH control 25 Kg 0.75
Bentonite Viscosifier and filtrate control 1250 Kg 80.00
Polytrex (as required) Filtration Control 25 Kg 0.75
Xanthan Gum (as required) Viscosifier 25 Kg 2.00
EMEC LUBE (as required) Lubricant 212 Kg 2.00
EMEC DETERGENT (as required) Detergent 212 Kg 2.00

0ft2) to improve the mud carrying
e YP is low.
.
in the chemical barrel; the alkalinity
tration (Kg/m3)
969 m3/m3
0.50
0.75
80.00
0.75
2.00
2.00
2.00
IV. Mud volume Management
DESCRIPTION VOLUME (m3)
Surface Volume 100
Hole Volume 184
Dilution / Maintenance Volume 616
Total Volume Required 900
Volume to built 900
V. Estimated Products Consumption:

Products Concentration Total Consumption (Ton) to Consumption for T otal Consumption (Ton)
(Kg/m3) mix the handled volume (900 maintenance & treatment
m3 ) (Ton)
SODA ASH 0.5 0.450 0.450
CAUSTIC SODA 0.75 0.675 0.250 0.925
BENTONITE 80 72 72
POLYTREX 0.75 0.675 0.375 1.050
XANTHAN GUM 0.625 0.625
EMEC LUBE 2.000 2.000
EMEC DETERGENT 2.000 2.000
VI. Contingency Stock

Products Packaging Unit size (Kg) Quantity (T)
Soda Ash Sack 25 1.000
Caustic Soda Sack 25 1.000
Bentonite Big Bag 1250 60.000
Xanthan Gum Sack 25 1.000
Mica (M & C) Sack 25 2.000
EMEC Plug (M & C) Sack 25 2.000
EMEC Seal (M & C) Sack 25 2.000
Polytrex Sack 25 2.000
EMEC Detergent Drum 200 1.600
EMEC LUBE Drum 200 1.600
VII. Solids Control Equipment Recommendations

The primary concern while drilling this interval will be efficient use of all solids control equipment to remove drilled solids
maintain the desired fluids properties. The efficiency of this equipment (Shakers, Desander, Desilter, Mud Cleaner …) must be
constantly controlled by the on-site Mud Engineer
(before and during drilling operations) as per required procedures.
The most important is the use of the shakers. This is the primary means of removing the bulk of the drilled
solids from the circulating system. Their efficiency has a direct impact on the running of the drilling mud, its chemical treatments and
rate.
The on-site Mud Engineer must ensure the availability of a minimum stock of screens on the Rig site at
least four times the number required for each Shaker.
▪ SHALE SHAKERS:
Use the finest possible mesh screens (API 45 to 60) and screen up as much as the flow rates will allow.
▪ DESANDER / MUD CLEANER:
Use API 80 to 100 screens or finer if low rates permit. This will depend also on the sizing and effectiveness of shale shak
tal Consumption (Ton)
0.450
0.925
72
1.050
0.625
2.000
2.000
nt to remove drilled solids and

er, Mud Cleaner …) must be
ed
its chemical treatments and dilution
d effectiveness of shale shakers.
16"section - HPWBM
Interval (m) 536 – 2326
Length (m) 1790
Mud system EMEC HEAL
Expected formations and geological description in this section
SENONIAN ANHYDRITE Anhydrite, Dolomite 536 - 714 178
SENONIAN SALIFERE Salt , Anhydrite 714 - 860 146
TURONIAN Dolomite, limestone, Claystone 860 - 957 97
CENOMANIAN Anhydrite 957 - 1087 130
ALBIAN Sandstone, Claystone 1087 - 1429 342
APTIAN Calcareous Dolomite 1429 - 1455 26
BARREMIAN Sandstone, Sand 1455 - 1682 227
NEOCOMIEN Dolomite 1682 - 1875 193
MALM Claystone, Sandstone, Anhydrite 1875 - 2113 238
DOGGER ARGILEUX Claystone, Anhydrite 2113 - 2216 103
DOGGER LAGUNAIRE Dolomite , Sandstone & Sand 2216 - 2326 110
I. Discussion
I.1. Objectives
This section will be drilled to TD using EMEC HEAL system (HPWBM). This was developed to meet the requirement of our client lo
an environmentally acceptable alternative to Oil-Based drilling fluids, without affecting drilling performance. The shale inhibiting/s
additives in the system produces excellent hole stability. Additional inhibition can be obtained by the presence of Potassiu
Chloride to
reduce shale hydration and minimize hole problems that might occur while drilling.
This section will be drilled through formations mainly consists of Salt (TOP interval), Clays, Sandstone,
Anhydrite, Dolomite and Calcareous dolomite, this mud system provide maximum hole stability and maximum drilling perform
these conditions.
The objective of this section is to case off the Salt formation, potentially unstable clays, and to ensure that there are no freshwater in
from the ALBIAN formation. These formations do not support the density
needed to drill the LIAS Salt formations in the next section.
I.2. Best Practices

a. Mixing Procedure:
The pits and lines should all be thoroughly cleaned of any settled solids and mud before mixing up the new mud system. The flui
system should be done under maximum shear in order to allow for an optimum yield of all products.
The mixing time will vary according to the level of shear provided by the mixing equipment.
Mixing procedure is as follows:

1. Fill the pit with Drill Water to the required level.
- The mix water should have less than 1000 ppm chlorides and less than 400 ppm hardness.
2. Add the required amount of Soda Ash to treat out hardness

- Using 0.26Kg/m3 Soda Ash /100ppm of Ca++.
3. Add the required amount of Bentonite.
4. Add Caustic Soda to increase pH to 9.5 - 10 and precipitate any Magnesium.
- Using 0.08 Kg/m3 Caustic Soda /100ppm of Mg++.
5. Add XANTHAN GUM (Viscosifier).
- Should be added slowly at a rate of 5 min/sack
6. Add POLYTREX (Fluid loss Control).
7. Add EMEC PAC LV (Fluid loss Control)
8. Adjust pH (9.5 – 10) if necessary, using the required amount of Caustic Soda.
9. Add BLACK HEAL (Shale Inhibitor/stabilizer)
10. Add EMEC BU LATEX (Shale stabilizer)
11. Add E-HIB (Shale inhibitor)
12. Add (6% by wt) Potassium Chloride
- With maximum shear.
13. Add Sodium Chloride
- With maximum shear.
14. Add BARITE (Weighting Material)
15. Add EMEC LUBE (Lubricant)
The recommended treatment when foaming occurs is 0.5 Kg No Foam for every 01 m3 of fluid. Higher concentrations may be requi
foaming problem persists.
▪ Before Displacing:
- Before displacement, a minimum of 400m3 HPWBM will be available on surface. The mixing of the HPWBM should start at
beginning of the previous phase.
- The pits and lines should be cleaned of any settled solids and Bentonitic mud before transferring and
mixing the HPWBM.
- Sufficient mud chemicals and LCM materials should be kept on rig site during the drilling of this
▪ Displacing Spud Mud to EMEC HEAL (HPWBM) :
Hole volume to be displaced is +/- 86m3.To accomplish this operation, the procedure that must be considered is:
- Circulate and condition the existing Spud Mud in the hole to suspend settled solids.
- The Spud Mud to be displaced should be diluted with water to reduce yield point and Gel strengths, this will help prevent contam
of HPWBM.
- Pump 10m3 viscous spacer (prepared by transferring some of Spud Mud that is going to be displaced into the hole to a separate
(e.g. Pill Tank) and adding additional viscosifier : Xanthan Gum).
- Displace the Spud Mud in the hole to HPWBM at maximum allowable flow rates, and don’t stop the pumps.
- Dump all Spud Mud and the viscous spacer.
- Establish a closed circulating system and continue circulating until the HPWBM returns are at the same density as the H
being pumped (1.45 SG) and drill ahead.
▪ Hole cleaning:
Poor hole cleaning is indicated by an increase in pump pressure, increased torque and drag, overpull at connections and
of an appropriate amount of cuttings on the shakers relative to the
ROP and hole size.
The main ways that the hole cleaning capacity can be improved is by:
- Maximizing the pump rate to assist in cuttings removal and improve hole cleaning and hole stability;
- Circulating until the shakers are clean prior pulling out of hole;
- Sweep the hole with Hi–Vis pills of mud, having a Yield Point greater than 30lbs/100ft2, in order to boost the hole cleaning, follo
penetration rate. (Xanthan Gum must be used for increase Yp in the high viscous pill);
- Keep the Yp in the correct range (18 – 24 lbs/100ft2);
- Minimizing Plastic viscosity (PV) by good solids control and dilution.
▪ Other recommendations:
- Solids control equipment has to be run all times, so LGS can be maintained all the time around 5% by
volume to maintain all mud characteristics in the good range.
- Surface foaming can occurs, caused largely by fluid returns in the trough cascading into the fluid in the active tank. It may theref
possible to reduce foaming by minimizing the height between the
trough and the surface of the fluid in the active tank by keeping the active tank as full as possible. Foaming can be reduced
raising the alkalinity of the fluid to around 10.5 pH and/or adding a small amount of 15 Kg/m3 pre-hydrated Bentonite to the active tan
Foam (Defoamer) treatments will
also control foaming as mentioned above.
- Treat the active mud system with BLACKHEAL, E-HIB and EMEC BU LATEX (at a rate of 05 Kg/m3) just before reaching the
depth of the section in order to maintain good inhibition despite the depletion of these products following the relatively lon
exposure time in static condition (Tripping,
Logging, run casing, etc.) and downhole conditions.
- Before run 13"⅜ CSG, reduce the rheology parameters (Yp at its minimum value of the recommended range)
circulating system by using DESCO (Thinner/Deflocculant) 3 to 11Kg/m3 or by dilution with Low Vis fresh mud and spot a Hi–V
bottom.
- A volume of 25m3 (Low Vis Pill) will be pumped just before the cement to ensure good Cementation of 13"⅜ CSG.
- At the end of the drilling of this section, the volume of the HPWBM on the surface must be at the minimum possible (
active tanks), the reserve tanks and the mixing circuit must be cleaned to
mix/receive the OBM of the 12"¼ section.
- Mud for next section (12"¼ section): 250m3 of OBM for 12"¼ section must be available on surface at the end of 13"⅜ CSG cem
- The remaining HPWBM volume will be handled as agreed with the client.
c. Special Recommendation
As the SENONIEN formations do not contain clays but mainly Anhydrite and salt, problems occurring during drilling are not
systematically related to the presence of clay. For this reason, the following plan is proposed:
- Start drilling 16" hole with the initial mud (salinity 155-165g/l), relaxed filtration system while drilling
SENONIEN ANYDRITIQUE & SALIFERE formation, and:
▪ Maintain Salinity (Chlorides) for the Suction Tank all time around 155-165g/l;
▪ As the Hole Inlet Mud Start to drill SALIFERE Formation, the salinity will reach to the Max
and saturation. Maintain MW while drilling SALIFERE Formation (as programmed: 1.45SG) ;
▪ The reason is more salt dissolved in Mud from SALIFERE Formation. So, Outlet Mud will be full saturated, with Chlo
content around 190g/l. Also dramatically drop in pH and dramatically increment in the mud Hardness (Calcium co
from anhydrites formation). Without adequate treatment for these parameters (Dosage treatment Of Soda Ash and
Caustic Soda), we will face then to Pf, Mf, Pm Carbonate Problem;
▪ Over dosage of Soda Ash will increase the Alkalinity problem. So, use the proper dose, according to the Equ
Treatment Procedures (Using 0.26 Kg/m3 Soda Ash /100ppm of Ca++);
▪ Take care also all-time will dilute the outlet salt saturated mud with engineered low salinity fresh mud to maintain th
mud again around 155-165g/l and avoid the problem of
mechanical stuck which related to the highly deformability of SALIFERE Formation;
By This Treatment procedure, we will eliminate the Alkalinity problem which negatively affect all polymers functions, and avoid Salt f
creep by monitoring mud salinity closely and maintaining it below salt saturation to dissolve and provide a controlled amount of
washout. This procedure also makes it
possible to optimize products consumption.
Length (m)
178
146
97
130
342
26
227
193
238
103
110
e requirement of our client looking for

ance. The shale inhibiting/stabilizing
y the presence of Potassium
tone,
and maximum drilling performance in
at there are no freshwater influxes
he new mud system. The fluid of the
ess.
concentrations may be required if the
the HPWBM should start at the
nd
f this
be considered is:
this will help prevent contamination
ed into the hole to a separate tank
pumps.
at the same density as the HPWBM
er- pull at connections and by lack

;
boost the hole cleaning, following the
by
the active tank. It may therefore be
ble. Foaming can be reduced by

ed Bentonite to the active tank. No
m3) just before reaching the final

following the relatively long
the recommended range) of the

Vis fresh mud and spot a Hi–Vis pill on
of 13"⅜ CSG.
e at the minimum possible (only the
at the end of 13"⅜ CSG cementation.
urring during drilling are not
ng
salinity will reach to the Max

n (as programmed: 1.45SG) ;
be full saturated, with Chloride
mud Hardness (Calcium coming
eatment Of Soda Ash and
dose, according to the Equation
y fresh mud to maintain the outlet

rs functions, and avoid Salt formation
de a controlled amount of salt
Regular BLACK HEAL , E-HIB, EMEC BU LATEX and KCl maintenance treatments are usually required to maintain effective clay
inhibition, due to product depletion on the surface of the wellbore and on cuttings while drilling.
I.3. Phase expected problems

1. Down hole losses is expected mainly while drilling through APTIAN formation (Calcareous
dolomite):
Preventive actions:
- The mud weight has to be maintained as low as possible of the planned range (1.45SG) by good
solids control and dilution if necessary.
- Overloading of the annulus with cuttings leads to an increase of ECD and hence a potential cause of increased losses. For this r
hole cleaning, wet ability of the large volume of cuttings; maintain LGS in correct range (<5% by volume) and control of the rate of pe
should be considered as
a potential preventative measure.
- Controlling the rate of tripping will also aid the prevention of losses and hole stability, by reducing
swab and surge pressures.
Corrective actions:
The conventional LCM Materials (Mica and Nut Plug) will be used for curing losses (if any) and as
per recipe below:
Mica (M & F) (50 + 30) Kg/m3
Nut Plug (M & F) (50 + 30) Kg/m3
XANTHAN GUM 5 Kg/m3
These concentrations can be increased in case of severe losses.
Mud pumps strainers should be taken off & LCM pill will be pumped immediately into the well pore.
The pill should be pumped at slow steady rate and pumped all out of the bit.
Pill will be lifted for one (01) hour to two (02) hours (wait for soak) to assure good healing across losses zone. Then
should be washed down if circulation is regained, then drilling could be continued with controlled parameters at the b
The normal drilling parameters could be
gradually applied. Pill could be repeated if required.
2. Stuck Pipe:
Hole pack-off:
A hole can pack-off while drilling this section for the following reasons:
- Build-up of drilled solids due to poor hole cleaning (cuttings accumulation).
- SENONIEN SALIFERE Formation relaxation into the wellbore with salt.
- Collapse of CENOMANIEN formation into the wellbore.
A packed-off hole can be distinguished from differential sticking because some movement and
rotation of the drill string may be possible, but circulating pressures will be considerably higher due to the restriction in the annu
assuming that circulation is possible.
A gradual increase in circulating pressure is an indication that the hole is starting to pack-off.
Preventive actions:
- Ensure a good hole cleaning (following the procedures mentioned above).
- Minimize the duration that the drill string is static in the hole (e.g. connections).
- Keep drilled solids content as low as possible (<5% volume) by effective use of SCE.
- While drilling SENONIEN SALIFERE, monitoring mud salinity closely and maintaining it below brine saturation to di
and provide a controlled amount of salt washout (see paragraph: c. Special Recommendation).
- While drilling CENOMANIEN formation, the drilling parameters (ROP, Flow rate, WOB….) must be controlled and adequate
destabilizing it. Also, the movement of drill string against this formation must be minimized.
- In case of slightest appearance of caving or sign of hole instability is recommended to trait the system with SOLTE
TEX-A for maximum wellbore stability. This is especially applicable when drilling CENOMANIEN, NEOCOMIEN & MALM for
For this purpose, prepare a volume of 20 m3 with the same characteristics as the active mud system and add 15 - 30 Kg/m3 of
/ EMEC TEX-A and carry out the dilution in one cycle.
- When mixing the SOLTEX pill it’s strongly recommended to add SOLTEX / EMEC TEX-A first before the salt (NaCl
Attempts to mix SOLTEX / EMEC TEX-A after the salt is added in a low temperature condition will result in the SOLTEX / EMEC
floating on the surface. Some
losses at the shale shaker will occur under this condition.
Corrective actions:
- The priority after a pack-off is to re-establish circulating rates to the level, where annular velocities provide effective hole cl
and to work the pipe without compacting the debris that has caused the pack-off.
- When circulating rates are high enough for effective hole cleaning, attempts can be made to backream the drill string carefu
way up to the CSG shoe to make sure that the entire hole is in good condition.
- If the string gets stuck in SENONIEN SALIFERE formation, a fresh water pill (10m3) should be spotted across the
where the string is stuck, leaving sufficient water in the string for displacement into the hole at regular intervals (500 litres
minutes) to dissolve additional salt in
the stuck zone.
3. Washout in the sandy levels mainly in the ALBIAN and BARREMIAN formations, combined
with high drilling rates, can lead to overload annulus:
- Keep the Yp at the higher limit (24 lbs/100ft2) to ensure laminar flow (avoid hole washouts) and improve hole cleaning.
- Keep the API Fluid loss in good range (< 5cc).
- Reduce hydraulic parameters.
4. Potential water flows from ALBIAN, BARREMIAN formations:

- The mud weight has to be maintained in the planned value (1.45 SG) to ensure sufficient hydrostatic pressure on th
formations.
- Mud Salinity must be in the limit of saturation to prevent any water migration from the formation.
- Trip tank and pit levels must be monitored carefully during the trips to detect any water influx.
- Any contaminated HPWBM by the water influx should be isolated in the reserve pit to be treated.
5. Bit balling (potential problem through the clays): This is notable by a drop in drilling rate coinciding with an increa
Torque and increase in stand pipe pressure with no changes in flow
rates or drilling parameters.
Preventive actions:
- Mud formulation and treatment must be observed while drilling the entire section.
- Maintain LGS in correct range (<5% by volume) and control ROP vs. Flow Rate should be considered as a potentia
- Sweep the hole with Hi–Vis pills of mud, having a Yield Point greater than 30lbs/100ft2, in order to boost the hole cleanin
following the penetration rate. (Xanthan Gum must be used for increase Yp in the high viscous pill).
- Control the Weight On Bit (WOB): Drill with lower weight on bit.
- Good Hydraulic: Hydraulic horse power per cross sectional area of the bit is the figure which can be utilized for measuring
hydraulic for bit balling mitigation. Hydraulic horse power per square inch (HSI) less than 1.0 will not be able to clean the bit
good practice to have more than 2.5 HHP/in2 for good bit cleaning.
- Treat system with EMEC LUBE RB [5 to 20 Kg/m3] (High Performance Lubricant) and EMEC
Detergent [1 to 2 Kg/m3] to improve lubricity, reduce torque and drag and to lower the potential of bottom hole assembly balling
Corrective actions:
If there are signs of bit balling it’s recommended to spot KCl-LCM pill at the balled area:
- [KCl]=120Kg/m3- [EMEC Plug F] =30 Kg/m3.
- This pill is pumped down and through the bit to accelerate the dehydration and dispersion of reactive clay with high
rates to physically erode the ball of clay adhering to the bit and BHA.
- Increase RPM to maximum value: Greater turbulence and a jetting action are formed in the balled area.
- Pump High Vis Pill – Pumping high viscosity pill may help carry out cutting from a wellbore.
- Increase RPM and Flow Rate – Increasing RPM will spin the cutting around the bit more. Additionally, increase flow
maximum allowable rate will help clean the bit.
I.4. Mud properties maintenance discussion

a. Mud weight:
The mud weight must be maintained in the correct value of 1.45 SG according to the hole conditions with
Barite additions (to increase mud weight) and centrifuging as necessary to maintain LGS below 5% by volume.
However, for the mud weight and the Yp, by increasing their values (while keeping in the interval programmed) gradually a
small amount while drilling this section, can have a positive effect on getting an in-gauge borehole. Gradually increase at the top
BARREMIAN formation.
The mud weight control is important in order to decrease the chance of down hole losses and to minimize
over pull while tripping.
In addition, an decrease in mud weight reduces the ROP and therefore increases the length of time that
the mud is in contact with formation, the depth of filtrate invasion and hence hole stability.
The mud weight should be maintained primary by using a careful monitoring of the solids control
equipment and by running the finest screens possible on the shakers.
If SCE is not used efficiently or is of poor design, increased centrifuging will be required and it may
become necessary to dilute with new light mud to maintain the fluid properties.
b. Rheology :
Hole cleaning and hole stability will be the primary concerns while drilling this section (High ROP and large hole diameter
Rheological properties will need to be monitored closely (Marsh viscosity in the range of 50 - 55 sec, and the Yp at 12
between 18 and 24 lbs/100ft2) to ensure adequate hole
cleaning, laminar flow and avoid hole washouts.
The Yp should be maintained in the range using XANTHAN GUM.

The Plastic viscosity (PV) will increase as drilled solids increases. The PV must be obtained ALAP by installing finer shake
and running the centrifuge to remove maximum drilled solids, or by dilution.
The Yp and Gel strengths can be reduced by using DESCO (Thinner/Deflocculant) 3.0 to 11 Kg/m3 or dilution with Low-Vis reserve
especially before run 13"⅜CSG.
c. API fluid loss:

Tight control on the fluid loss should be maintained in the range (API at 120°F <5cc). The fluid loss
should be low and the filter cake should be thin, firm and slippery. This will avoid the washouts and seal effectively the porous zones
formations crossed.
High fluid loss and thick filter cake are general indication that drilled solids are building up in the mud.
The API fluid loss control can be improved by treating the circulating system with filtration control additive
(Polytrex and/or EMEC PAC LV).
d. pH:
Caustic Soda is used for pH control to improve the performance of the mud products and provide corrosion control. The pH
be maintained in the range 9.5 to 10.0
sually required to maintain effective clay and shale
ng.
on (Calcareous
(1.45SG) by good
ntial cause of increased losses. For this reason,

% by volume) and control of the rate of penetration
ability, by reducing
any) and as
he well pore.
good healing across losses zone. Then it

ed with controlled parameters at the beginning.
movement and
y higher due to the restriction in the annulus,
ng to pack-off.
E.
ntaining it below brine saturation to dissolve
mmendation).
OB….) must be controlled and adequate to avoid
nimized.
mended to trait the system with SOLTEX / EMEC
OMANIEN, NEOCOMIEN & MALM formations.
ve mud system and add 15 - 30 Kg/m3 of SOLTEX
EMEC TEX-A first before the salt (NaCl & KCl).

ndition will result in the SOLTEX / EMEC TEX-A
ular velocities provide effective hole cleaning,
made to backream the drill string carefully all the
(10m3) should be spotted across the zone

o the hole at regular intervals (500 litres / 5
tions, combined
washouts) and improve hole cleaning.
sure sufficient hydrostatic pressure on these
e formation.
ter influx.
o be treated.
n drilling rate coinciding with an increase in

Rate should be considered as a potential
0ft2, in order to boost the hole cleaning,

high viscous pill).
ure which can be utilized for measuring good

s than 1.0 will not be able to clean the bits. It is
ricant) and EMEC

potential of bottom hole assembly balling.
nd dispersion of reactive clay with high pump
d in the balled area.

ellbore.
he bit more. Additionally, increase flow rate to the
onditions with
GS below 5% by volume.
in the interval programmed) gradually and by a

e borehole. Gradually increase at the top of the
d to minimize
of time that
solids control
uired and it may
n (High ROP and large hole diameter).

e of 50 - 55 sec, and the Yp at 120 °F
obtained ALAP by installing finer shaker screens
11 Kg/m3 or dilution with Low-Vis reserve mud,
c). The fluid loss

uts and seal effectively the porous zones of the
the mud.
ontrol additive
s and provide corrosion control. The pH should

e. Salinity (Chlorides):
Mud salinity will naturally increase while drilling salt formations, so it is important to maintain salinity
between 155g/l and 165g/l in order to allow a controlled amount of salt formation washout as this will prevent potential tigh
due to salt creep.
f. Shale Inhibition:
The actual level of inhibition should be determined by inspecting the drilled cuttings at the shakers. They should be firm and dry on th
when broken in half, which indicates low fluid invasion. If the cuttings are soft and the MBT (Methylene Blue Test) reveals high cla
content (> 15 Kg/m3), then the level of
inhibition needs to be raised by increasing the KCl, E-HIB and BLACK HEAL.
Regular treatments are usually required to maintain Potassium ion, E-HIB, BLACK HEAL and EMEC BU
LATEX concentrations that are depleted through drilled cuttings removal at surface. The rate of depletion will depend on shale reacti
ROPs.
The Potassium ion concentration is measured by precipitating out Potassium Perchlorate in a known volume of filtrate. The f
then centrifuged to determine the volume of precipitate present, which can be converted into the Potassium Ion concentration using
calibration chart. It is important to maintain %
KCl at the required level (6 %) because if the KCl concentration is too low then dispersion will occur, which will lead to a b
up in solids. Shale dehydration may occur if the KCl concentration is too high,
which may lead to brittle failure in the form of caving and sloughing (destabilize the wellbore).
g. Lubricity:
The need for low torque and drag is essential, so lubricant additives (EMEC LUBE RB) may be required
[5 to 20 Kg/m3] to improve drilling performance, reduce friction and to lower the potential of bottom hole assembly balling.
II. Recommended Mud Characteristics

Mud type EMEC HEAL (HPWBM)
Marsh viscosity from 50 to 55s
Yield value (lbs/100ft2) 18 to 24
PV (cP) ALAP
Fluid loss @ 120° F cc/30min < 5
pH 9.5 to 10.5
Gels 0/10 8/14 – 12/20
KCl (% by weight) 6
Salinity (Chloride content g/l) 155 - 165
LGS (%) <5
Mud Alkalinity Pm 0.80 – 1.20 cc (H2SO4 N/50)
Filtrate Alkalinity Pf 0.10 – 0.30 cc (H2SO4 N/50)
Filtrate Alkalinity Mf 0.40 – 0.60 cc (H2SO4 N/50)
MBT (Kg/m3) < 15
alinity
his will prevent potential tight hole
y should be firm and dry on the inside

Blue Test) reveals high clay
U
n will depend on shale reactivity and
nown volume of filtrate. The filtrate is

um Ion concentration using a
occur, which will lead to a build-
assembly balling.
For EMEC HEAL (HPWBM): density = 1.45SG
Products Function Unit size Concentration (Kg/m3)
WATER Base fluid - 0.716 m3/m3
SODA ASH Water Hardness control 25 Kg/ sack 0.72
CAUSTIC SODA pH control 25 Kg/ sack 1.60
BENTONITE Viscosifier & filtrate Control 1250 Kg/BB 15.00
POLYTREX Fluid loss reducer 25 Kg/ sack 15.00
EMEC PAC LV Fluid loss reducer 25 Kg/ sack 6.00
XANTHAN GUM Viscosifier 25 Kg/ sack 2.00
BLACK HEAL Shale Stabilizer/Inhibitor 229 Kg/Drum 11.00
EMEC BU LATEX Shale Stabilizer 219 Kg/Drum 10.50
E-HIB Shale Inhibitor 233 Kg/Drum 30.00
EMEC LUBE Lubricant 204 Kg/Drum 35.11
BARITE Weighting Material 1500 Kg/BB 392.80
KCl Shale Inhibitor 1000 / BB 60.00
NaCl Salinity source 1000 / BB 185.00
IV. Mud Volume Management

Surface Volume 80
Last Casing Volume 86
Hole Volume 233
Total Volume to mix 820
Remaining volume 399
- The mud volumes do not take into account possible lost circulation problems or hole washouts.
- The maintenance volume includes mud lost on cuttings and through solids removal equipment.
n (Kg/m3)
/m3
0
V. Estimated Products Consumption
Products Concentration Total Consumption (Ton) to mix Consumption for
(Kg/m3) the handled volume (820 m3) maintenance &
treatment (Ton)
SODA ASH 0.72 0.590 1.500
CAUSTIC SODA 1.6 1.312 1.500
BENTONITE 15 12.300
POLYTREX 15 12.300 3.000
EMEC PAC LV 6 4.920 4.500
XANTHAN GUM 2 1.640 0.500
BLACK HEAL 11 9.020 9.160
EMEC BU LATEX 10.5 8.610 8.760
E-HIB 30 24.600 9.320
EMEC LUBE 35.11 28.790
BARITE 392.8 322.096
KCl 60 49.200 10.000
NaCl 185 151.700
EMEC LUBE RB 3.000
EMEC DETERGENT 3.000
SOLTEX 7.000
DESCO 2.000
This estimate does not take into account any consumption to remedy certain problems that may arise
(downhole losses …etc.).
Total Consumption (Ton)
2.090
2.812
12.300
15.300
9.420
2.140
18.180
17.370
33.920
28.790
322.096
59.200
151.700
3.000
3.000
7.000
2.000
hat may arise

Products Packaging Quantity (T)
SODA ASH 25 Kg/sack 2
CAUSTIC SODA 25 Kg/sack 2
KCl 1000 Kg/big bag 20
NaCl 1000 Kg/big bag 30
EMEC PAC LV 25 Kg/sack 2
POLYTREX 25 Kg/sack 2
XANTHAN GUM 25 Kg/sack 3
BENTONITE 1250 Kg/big bag 25
E-HIB 233 Kg/Drum 10
EMEC BU LATEX 219 Kg/Drum 5
BLACK HEAL 229 Kg/Drum 8
BARITE 1500 Kg/big bag 100
NO FOAM 204 Kg/Drum 1
DESCO 25 lb/sack 1
EMEC LUBE 204 Kg/Drum 2
EMEC LUBE RB 196 Kg/Drum 3
Mica (M & F) 25 Kg/Sack 2
Nut Plug (M & F) 25 Kg/Sack 2
SOLTEX / EMEC TEX-A 25 Kg/Sack 3
VII. Solids Control Equipment Recommendations

The primary concern while drilling this interval will be efficient use of all solids control equipment to remove drilled solids and m
the desired fluids properties, this is due to the high drilling rates and the relatively large section of this interval.
The efficiency of this equipment (Shakers, Mud Cleaner, Centrifuges …) must be constantly controlled by the on-site Mud Engineer as pe
required procedures. Their efficiency has a direct impact on the running of the drilling mud, its chemical treatments and dilution rate.
Consequently, the effective use of SCE will reduce well costs.
The most important is the use of the shakers. This is the primary means of removing the bulk of the drilled solids from the circulating sys
The on-site Mud Engineer must ensure the availability of a minimum stock of screens on the Rig site at least four times the number requ
each Shaker.
▪ SHALE SHAKERS:
▪ MUD CLEANER:
Use API 100 to 140 screens or finer if low rates permit. This will depend also on the sizing and effectiveness of shale sha
▪ CENTRIFUGES:
Two centrifuges set up in a Barite recovery system will be on standby for the Mud Engineer to use at his discretion to control both the
weight and the concentration of fines builds-up of drilled solids (LGS) in the drilling fluid. Since the mud weight is high, the first
centrifuge must be set at high inflow/low speed rotation in order to strip out the Barite discharged which will be returned
active system. The centrate from this centrifuge is sent to the second centrifuge which is set at low feed/high rotation in order
to discharge the maximum of LGS.
Quantity (Unit Package)
80 sacks
80 sacks
20 BB
30 BB
80 sacks
80 sacks
120 sacks
20 BB
43 Drums
23 Drums
35 Drums
67 BB
5 Drums
88 sacks
10 Drums
16 Drums
80 sacks
80 sacks
120 sacks
of all solids control equipment to remove drilled solids and maintain

relatively large section of this interval.
must be constantly controlled by the on-site Mud Engineer as per
of the drilling mud, its chemical treatments and dilution rate.
of removing the bulk of the drilled solids from the circulating system.
ck of screens on the Rig site at least four times the number required for
as much as the flow rates will allow.
will depend also on the sizing and effectiveness of shale shakers.

y for the Mud Engineer to use at his discretion to control both the mud
) in the drilling fluid. Since the mud weight is high, the first
r to strip out the Barite discharged which will be returned to the
nd centrifuge which is set at low feed/high rotation in order
12" ¼ section – EMEC OBM
Interval (m) 2326 – 3289
Length (m) 963
TMD (m) / TVD (m) / INC (°) / VS (m) 3289 / 3282 / 23.89 / 49
KOP at (m) 3050
Mud system OBM
DOGGER LAGUNAIRE Anhydrite, dolomite 2326 - 2452 126
LIAS LD1 Dolomite & Anhydrite 2452 - 2515 63
LIAS LS1 Salt & Anhydrite 2515 - 2601 86
LIAS LD2 Dolomite 2601 - 2649 48
LIAS LS2 Salt 2649 - 2730 81
LIAS LD3 Dolomite 2730 - 2760 30
SALIFERE TS1 Salt , Anhydrite & Dolomite 2760 - 2799 39
SALIFERE TS2 Salt with traces of clay 2799 - 2984 185
SALIFERE TS3 Salt with traces of clay 2984 - 3185 201
TRIAS ARGILEUX Clay, Salt & Anhydrite 3185 - 3289 104
I. Discussion:
1.1 Objectives
This section will be drilled using EMEC OBM starting with oil water ratio of 90/10. Hole will be drilled through the LIAS &
SALIFERE sequences where the 9"⅝ casing will be set. The Liassic & Triastic salt frequently contributes to tight hole conditions dur
due to encroachment of the salt into the well bore. Care must be taken due to the abnormal pressure in LIAS LD2 and the m
weight may be
increased accordingly to control this formation.
The objective of this section is to drill through and case off the over pressured zone, and especially LIAS
LD2 which is known to be salt water charged.
1.2 Best Practices

The ideal situation when mixing OBM is to have two (02) mix tanks, one for mixing the oil phase and one for mixing the brine phas
brine is then transferred slowly into the oil phase to form the fluid
emulsion.
Mixing procedures is as follows:
1. Add the required volume of Diesel to the mixing tank.

2. Add the required amount of filtration control additive (EMEC TONE).
3. Add the required amount of primary and secondary emulsifiers (EMEC MUL & EMEC
CON).
4. Add the required volume of Water to a separate mixing tank (the second tank).
5. Add the required amount of SALT (NaCl) to the water (in the second tank).
6. Transfer the NaCl Brine slowly into the Base Oil at maximum shear rate.
7. Add the required amount of Lime.
8. Add the required amount of organophilic clay viscosifier (CLAYTONE II).
9. Circulate through the shear hopper with full tank agitation to establish a good emulsion.
10. Add the required amount of the wetting agent (EMEC WET).
11. Add Barite to obtain the required density.
The mixing hoppers cannot generate the high shear rates that are required to create strong oil/water emulsions. High shea
are also required when mixing organophilic clay viscosifiers. As a result, freshly-mixed OBM properties tend to fall short of pro
requirements and higher concentrations of organophilic clay viscosifier (CLAYTONE II) may be required for Barite suspension. H
emulsion stability, rheology and fluid loss control will improve after a few circulations in the hole due to high shear
at the bit.
▪ Displacing HPWBM (1.45 SG) to Heavy OBM (2.08 SG): The displacement procedure is relatively simple (fro
density to a higher density fluid). However, this mud change causes considerable stress on the 13"⅜ CSG. It can damage the
not yet hardened.
The hole volume to be displaced is 182m3.
This displacement is done during the drilling out cement, according to the following procedure:
- Prior to displace the HPWBM by the Heavy OBM; ensure that the cement is hard.
- The HPWBM to be displaced should be diluted with Low Vis mud or treated with thinner to reduce
yield point and Gel strengths, this will help prevent contamination of OBM.
- Circulate and condition the existing HPWBM in the hole to suspend settled solids.
- Pump 10m3 water, 5m3 Diesel (to recover if possible) followed by 5m3 Hi-Vis OBM spacer.
- Displace the HPWBM in the hole to OBM at maximum allowable flow rates, and don’t stop the pumps.
- Recover the viscous spacer in a separate tank and continue circulating until the OBM returns are at
the same density as the OBM being pumped (2.08 SG).
- Establish a closed circulating system on the active tank and drill ahead.
- Any contaminated OBM should be recovered in the reserve pit to be treated later.
▪ Hole cleaning: Poor hole cleaning is indicated by an increase in pump pressure, increased torque
and drag, over-pull at connections and by lack of an appropriate amount of cuttings on the shakers relative to the ROP and hole
The main ways that the hole cleaning capacity can be improved, is by:
- Ensure that the pump rate used allows cuttings removal and improve hole cleaning and hole stability;
- Circulating until the shakers are clean prior pulling out of hole;
- Keep the Yp in the correct range;
- Minimizing Plastic viscosity (PV) by good solids control and dilution.
In this section, mud rheology parameters should be maintained within the specified range and the
use of Hi-Vis pills should be avoided.
▪ Other recommendations:
- The settling pits (which may be almost full of solids in the previous phase) should be cleaned before
displacement with the heavy OBM.
- Solids control equipment has to be run all times, so LGS can be maintained all the time around 5% by
volume to maintain all mud characteristics in the good range.
- Before the Shoe Bond Test the mud engineer must ensure that the mud is homogeneous (MW in = MW out).
- Dispose of minimum 60m3 empty pits, to manage any contamination with influx from LIAS LD2.
- Once we drilled until KOP, during the pulling out of hole of BHA, clean the active system.
- Before start run 9"⅝ CSG, the mud rheology will be reduced using 2 Kg/m3 of Thinner (EMEC THIN) to get Yp lower than the val
specified range of this section (8 lbs/100ft2).
1.3 Phase expected problems

1. LIAS LD2 under high stress, high pressure saturated brine influx from this formation:
LIAS LD2 is an aquifer with high pressure and low permeability, more or less virulent depending on the region. It contains a wa
in dissolved salts, mainly Calcium Chloride (CaCl2), and carbonic acid (H2CO3).It is generally not possible to drill with the requir
density to balance it; we would
then reach the Fracturing pressure.
In some cases it seems that the LD2 absorbs certain volume of mud when the pressure at the bottom increases, and
a volume of salt water when this pressure decreases. In such cases an increase in the mud weight does not reduce the problem
It is very difficult to control brine influx from LD2 once it starts flowing.
Preventive actions:
- The higher mud weight of the programmed range (2.08 SG) should be applied before entering this
over-pressured formation.
- As soon as LD2 is reached, ensure that the mud in circulation is homogeneous.
- From LD2 minimize swabbing by limiting the tripping rate.
Detection:
Early detection of the problem is essential:
- Pit levels must be strictly monitored during circulating and especially during trips and running 9"⅝
CSG, to detect any water influx;
- For the same reason, mud properties must be checked continuously: OWR, E.S., density, Calcium hardness, Chlorides
contents, alkalinity … (E.S. and OWR are the most sensitive values to contamination. A variation of 1% on the OWR is sig
In the case of an occurrence of a brine influx from LD2, the contaminated OBM must be isolated and should be conditioned in
after the test, by addition of adequate amount of emulsifiers and lime. Partial precipitation of CaCl2 may occur due to the
Chloride water flow from LD2.
2. Stuck Pipe:
In this section, the formations crossed consist mainly of Saliferous shale inter-bedding with over- pressured, so giving a
probability of salt squeezing and water influxes. For this reason, we are interested in what follows only to the Hole pack-off.
Hole pack-off: In this section, a hole can pack-off while drilling, for the following reasons:

- Formation relaxation into the wellbore with salt, because this formation will slowly creep into the
wellbore and make the hole under-gauge, a situation that cannot be controlled by mud weight.
Reminder :A packed-off hole can be distinguished from differential sticking because some movement
and rotation of the drill string may be possible, but circulating pressures will be considerably higher due to the restriction in the
Preventive actions:
- Ensure a good hole cleaning.
- Increasing the mud weight to the higher possible level is a practical way to control the rate at which the well bore
by salt formations, the closure may not eliminated, but it can be
controlled to an acceptable level.
ngth (m)
126
63
86
48
81
30
39
185
201
104
e drilled through the LIAS & TRIAS

s to tight hole conditions during trips
ure in LIAS LD2 and the mud
e for mixing the brine phase. The
MEC
water emulsions. High shear rates
erties tend to fall short of programmed
ed for Barite suspension. However,
high shear
dure is relatively simple (from lower

3"⅜ CSG. It can damage the cement
ps.
ue
s relative to the ROP and hole size.
y;
d the
f this
by
= MW out).
) to get Yp lower than the value of the
on:
n the region. It contains a water rich
ossible to drill with the required mud
at the bottom increases, and restores

t does not reduce the problems.
g this
g 9"⅝
alcium hardness, Chlorides

ation of 1% on the OWR is significant).
nd should be conditioned in rig site

f CaCl2 may occur due to the Calcium
over- pressured, so giving a high

only to the Hole pack-off.
ent
r due to the restriction in the annulus,
off.
rate at which the well bore closes

- While drilling through salt formation, always maintain the water phase salinity under saturated in
the range of 22 to 26%, which will help leaching off the moving salt.
- While drilling salt formations, it’s necessary to make frequent back-reaming wiper trips to prevent the hole from going under-
Fresh water pills are also circulated around the hole at frequent intervals while drilling in order to dissolve the salt. The volu
the water pill depends on the thicknesses of the salt sections (in this case, pay particular attention to possible contamination o
the OBM by the pumped water fresh pills).
Corrective actions:
- The priority after a pack-off is to re-establish circulating rates to the level, where annular velocities
provide effective hole cleaning, and to work the pipe without compacting the debris that has caused the pack-off.
- When circulating rates are high enough for effective hole cleaning, attempts can be made to back-
ream the drill string carefully all the way up to the CSG shoe to make sure that the entire hole is in good condition.
- If the string gets stuck in a salt formation, then it might not be possible to circulate a large volume of fresh water around th
because the reduction in hydrostatic pressure might create problems in other parts of the hole. A fresh water pill should be s
across the zone where the string stuck, leaving sufficient water in the string for displacement into the hole at regular intervals
to dissolve additional salt in the stuck zone.
3. Down hole losses is expected while drilling through TRIAS ARGILEUX:

The risk of losses in the TRIAS ARGILEUX is increased if the drilling of this section is not stopped
sufficiently early (long exposure time).
Preventive actions:
- The mud weight has to be maintained in the planned range (2.08 SG) by good solids control.
- Overloading of the annulus with cuttings leads to an increase of ECD and hence a potential cause of increased losses. For
reason, hole cleaning, wet ability of the large volume of cuttings; maintain LGS in correct range (<5% by volume) and con
rate of penetration should be
considered as a potential preventative measure.
Corrective actions:
The conventional LCM Materials (Mica and EMEC Plug) in addition to Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3)
will be used for curing losses (if any) and as per recipe below:
Mica (M & F) (65 + 65) Kg/m3
EMEC Plug (M & F) (65 + 65) Kg/m3
CaCO3 200 Kg/m3
CLAYTONE II
5 Kg/m3
These concentrations can be increased in case of severe losses.
Mud pumps strainers should be taken off & LCM pill will be pumped immediately into the well pore.
The pill should be pumped at slow steady rate and pumped all out of the bit.
Pill will be lifted for one (01) hour to two (02) hours (wait for soak) to assure good healing across losses zone. Then
should be washed down if circulation is regained, then drilling could be continued with controlled parameters at the b
The normal drilling parameters could be
gradually applied.
Pill could be repeated if required.

1.4 Mud properties maintenance discussion
a. Mud weight:
The mud weight must be maintained in the range (2.08 SG) according to the hole conditions with Barite
additions (to increase mud weight) and centrifuging as necessary to maintain LGS below 5% by volume.
This high mud weight is required to stabilize the over-pressured formations (LIAS LD2), and counteract the squeezing of the salt
of formation fluid (Salt water).However, an excessive increase in mud
weight can cause formation losses.
If SCE is not used efficiently or is of poor design, increased centrifuging will be required and it may become necessary to
reserve mud to maintain the fluid properties.
b. Rheology:
The rheological properties should be maintained in the correct range (Yp 8 - 14lbs/100ft2) to ensure adequate hole cleanin
flow and avoid hole washouts.
The Plastic Viscosity (PV) will increase as drilled solids increases and also if there is an increase in water content caused by an in
formation fluids or water contamination on surface. The PV must be obtained ALAP by installing finer shaker screens and runn
centrifuge to remove maximum drilled
solids, or by thinning the OBM with base oil (Diesel).
The Yp and Gel strengths can be reduced by "Dilution" with base oil, especially if it restores the OWR that might have dropped follow
influx of water or as a result of water leakage into the circulating system. They can also be reduced by treating the circulating s
with wetting agent (EMEC WET: 2 to 4
Kg/m3) or thinner (EMEC THIN: 1 to 5 Kg/m3).
c. HPHT fluid loss:
Tight control on the HPHT fluid loss should be maintained in the range (at 500psi / 200°F< 4cc). The fluid loss should be low and th
cake should be thin, firm and slippery. This will avoid the washouts and
seal effectively the porous zones of the formations crossed.
The HPHT filtrate also gives an indication of emulsion stability because the presence of water in the filtrate can be an indic
weak emulsion due for example to contamination by water from formation or surface. (Filtrate must be 100% oil).
The HPHT fluid loss control and emulsion stability can be improved by treating the circulating system respectively, with filtra
control additive (EMEC TONE), emulsifiers (EMEC MUL & EMEC CON, EMEC WET) and lime.
d. Electric stability:
The Electric Stability (E.S.) is a measure of the strength of the oil-water emulsion. Keep it >1000mV. However, lower E.S. r
will occur due to water contamination or the presence of conductive solids such as undissolved salt. A drop in E.S. readings an
presence of water in the HPHT filtrate is an indication of a weak emulsion, which can be remedied by adding emulsifiers (EMEC
EMEC CON) and lime, to avoid any further problem of water wetting of the solids and settling of Barite.
e. Water Phase Salinity (NaCl content):
Having oil as the continuous liquid phase, does not affect potentially hydratable formations as long as the internal water phase salini
enough to prevent surface hydration and osmotic movement of water towards the formation, since the external phase is oil, invert
mud will not washout the soluble
salts drilled.
When drilling massive salt, the chloride concentration in the water phase will naturally reach saturation. Afterwards, the salt wi
have any free water to dissolve in and will become just another drill solid. Retort analysis and titration will show total salt and
total salt in the system, but will not tell how much salt is being carried as solids. The problem that must be considered is that the salt
drill solids is an ultra-fine and will consume significant amount of the wetting agent as will any ultra-fine solid does. The only way to r
this concentration is by utilizing the dual centrifuge set up and diluting with fresh water. Additional amounts of wetting agent (EM
WET) will be used to make up for the extra
consumption.
Its best also to maintain the water phase salinity under saturated in the range of 22 to 26%, which will
help leaching off the moving salt.
Chloride content must be carefully controlled during this section; it’s a key indicator of the presence of
brine influx from formation.
Water phase salinity can be reduced by adding water or oil based premix that contains no salinity in the water phase, to the fluid and
sure that the density is maintained if the treatment is made to the active circulating system.
When retorting sample mud to obtain the oil, water and solids content, the water content must be accurate for salinity cal
because a small error in water content may produce a large error in
water phase salinity.
f. Lime content:
Lime content should always be checked to determine the amount of excess lime in the OBM (must be from 15 to 25 Kg/m3).
Emulsifiers treatments may not to be required if the poor emulsion stability is due to lime deficiency. A decrease in lime content
drilling may indicate acidic gases in the formation
(e.g. CO2) or high temperature decomposition of products in the fluid.
er saturated in
ps to prevent the hole from going under-gauge.

n order to dissolve the salt. The volume of
ular attention to possible contamination of
E.
ular velocities
is that has caused the pack-off.
made to back-
hole is in good condition.
large volume of fresh water around the hole

of the hole. A fresh water pill should be spotted
ment into the hole at regular intervals
not stopped
s control.
otential cause of increased losses. For this
correct range (<5% by volume) and control of the
, by reducing
nate (CaCO3)
losses.
he well pore.
good healing across losses zone. Then it

ed with controlled parameters at the beginning.
with Barite
% by volume.
and counteract the squeezing of the salt and influx
solids control
uired and it may become necessary to dilute with
100ft2) to ensure adequate hole cleaning, laminar
ease in water content caused by an influx of

y installing finer shaker screens and running the
the OWR that might have dropped following an

reduced by treating the circulating system
4cc). The fluid loss should be low and the filter
the mud.
e of water in the filtrate can be an indication of a
te must be 100% oil).
circulating system respectively, with filtration

me.
eep it >1000mV. However, lower E.S. readings

lved salt. A drop in E.S. readings and
e remedied by adding emulsifiers (EMEC MUL,
g of Barite.
as long as the internal water phase salinity is high

since the external phase is oil, invert emulsion
ach saturation. Afterwards, the salt will not
lysis and titration will show total salt and solids or
m that must be considered is that the salt carried as
ny ultra-fine solid does. The only way to reduce
ditional amounts of wetting agent (EMEC
26%, which will
f the presence of
alinity in the water phase, to the fluid and making
ntent must be accurate for salinity calculations,
OBM (must be from 15 to 25 Kg/m3).

eficiency. A decrease in lime content while
II. Recommended Mud Characteristics:
Mud type OBM
Yield value (lbs/100ft2) at 150°F 8 to 14
PV (cP) ALAP
Gels 10 sec /10 min 15/ 22
HPHT Fluid Loss 500psi / 200°F < 4 cc
OWR 85/15 – 90/10
Electric stability >1000 V
Pb (cc 0.1N H2SO4) 2 – 2.5 cc
Lime excess (Kg/m3) 15 to 25
WPS (Chloride content) 190 g/l
III. Recommended Products Concentrations:
OBM, Density = 2.08 SG , OWR = 90/10
Products Function Concentration (Kg/m3)
Diesel Base Oil 0.529 m3/m3
Drill Water Water phase 0.059 m3/m3
EMEC MUL Primary Emulsifier 8
EMEC CON Secondary Emulsifier 7
EMEC WET Wetting Agent 2
EMEC TONE Fluid loss reducer 9
CLAYTONE II Viscosifier 3
Lime Alkalinity control 25
NaCl Activity Water Control 20.585
BARITE Weighting Material 1503
IV. Mud Volume Management:
Surface Volume 50
Hole Volume 73
Total Volume to mix 520
Re-usable Volume 305
- The mud volumes do not take into account possible lost circulation problems or hole washouts.
- The maintenance volume includes mud lost on cuttings and through solids removal equipment.
- Part of the remaining volume will be transferred directly to the next sections to be used as kill mud
(60m3), another part will be used to weight up the Mud of the next section, the rest will be diluted with light mud (cut mud weight) for
backloading in the next section.
Kg/m3)
ht mud (cut mud weight) for

Estimated Consumption for Estimated Consumption for
Products built volume 520m3 (Ton) maintenance/treatment (Ton)
Diesel 275 m3
EMEC MUL 4.16 1
EMEC CON 3.64 2
EMEC WET 1.04 3
EMEC TONE 4.68
CLAYTONE II 1.56
Lime 13
NaCl 11
BARITE 782
EMEC THIN NT 0.72
Products Packaging Quantity (T)
BARITE Big Bag 100.000
NaCl Big Bag 5.000
CLAYTONE II Sack 3.000
EMEC THIN NT Drum 2.000
EMEC TONE sack 2.000
EMEC CON Drum 4.000
EMEC MUL Drum 4.000
EMEC WET Drum 2.000
LIME Sack 5.000
MICA (M &F) Sack 2.000
NUT PLUG (M &F) Sack 2.000
CALCIUM CARBONATE Big Bag 20.000
VII. Solids Control Equipment Recommendations:
The primary concern while drilling this interval will be efficient use of all solids control equipment to remove drilled solids and m
the desired fluids properties, this is due to the high drilling rates and
the relatively large section of this interval.
The efficiency of this equipment (Shakers, Mud Cleaner, Centrifuges …) must be constantly controlled by the on-site Mud Engineer a
Consequently, the effective use of SCE will
reduce well costs.
solids from the circulating system.
▪ SHALE SHAKERS:
At the beginning of the hole section, care should be taken regarding shale shaker screen size and flow rate. Initially it will take on
circulations for the mud to fully shear and warm up. It will be necessary to start out with larger than desired screens on the sha
The objective is to prevent losses due to
screen blinding.
▪ MUD CLEANER:
▪ CENTRIFUGES:
weight and the concentration of fines builds-up of drilled solids (LGS) in the drilling fluid. Since the mud weight is high, the first
centrifuge must be set at high inflow/low speed rotation in order to strip out the Barite discharged which will be returned
active system. The centrate from this centrifuge is sent to the second centrifuge which is set at low feed/high rotation in order
to discharge the maximum of LGS.
Total Estimated
Consumption (Ton)
275 m3
5.16
5.64
4.04
4.68
1.56
13
11
782
0.72
Quantity (T)
100.000
5.000
3.000
2.000
2.000
4.000
4.000
2.000
5.000
2.000
2.000
20.000
control equipment to remove drilled solids and maintain
onstantly controlled by the on-site Mud Engineer as per

ng mud, its chemical treatments and dilution rate.
ng the bulk of the drilled
ens on the Rig site at
much as the flow rates will allow.
er screen size and flow rate. Initially it will take one to two
ut with larger than desired screens on the shakers.
also on the sizing and effectiveness of shale shakers.
Engineer to use at his discretion to control both the mud

g fluid. Since the mud weight is high, the first
the Barite discharged which will be returned to the
which is set at low feed/high rotation in order
8" ½ section (Highly deviated) – EMEC OBM
Interval (m) 3289 – 3381
Length (m) 92
TMD (m) / TVD (m) / INC (°) / VS (m) 3381 / 3358 / 44,83 / 101
Mud system OBM
TRIAS ARGILEUX Clay, Salt & Anhydrite
TRIAS ARGILO-GRESEUX & CARBONATE Sandstone & Shale Erodé
TRIAS ANDESITIQUE Complex volcano- Erodé

sedimentaire
QUARTZITE EL-HAMRA Quartzites Erodé
GRES D'ELATCHANE Sandstone Erodé
ARGILES D'ELGASSI Shale Erodé
ZONE DES ALTERNANCE Alternation Shale Erodé

Sandstone
Ri(D5) Quartzitic Sandstone Erodé
C A M B R I A N (Ra) Sandstone/Quartz Erodé
I. Discussion:
1.1 Objectives
This highly deviated section will be drilled to 3381m using EMEC OBM system which is a diesel based invert emulsion system w
as salt and Barite as weighting agent.
EMEC OBM is a thixatropic (shear-thinning) fluid with high but very fragile gels. This produces a fluid with
excellent cuttings transport capability, which is ideal for extended-reach sections.
This section will be drilled through Triassic formations (unconsolidated formations), the mud system must
provide maximum hole stability and maximum drilling performance.
1.2 Best Practices
In the normal case, we don’t need to mix fresh mud during this section. The volume recovered from the previous phase treated by di
with OBM delivered from LMP (0.90 SG) will be sufficient to complete
this section.
The mud parameters will be adjusted according to the program of this section, especially the density
(1.45 SG).
In the exceptional case, where the mixing becomes necessary, we must refer to the mixing procedure
cited in the previous chapter (12"¼ section discussion).
▪ Displacing Heavy OBM (2.08 SG) to Light OBM (1.45 SG): This displacement is done in 2 stages during running in h
new 8"½ BHA. The first towards +/- 1900m, the second one at the top of the casing-seal assembly.
Before displacement a minimum volume of 180m3 OBM 1.45 SG must be available on surface.
The settling pits (which may be almost full of solids in the previous phase) should be cleaned before displacem
The hole volume to be displaced is +/- 126m3.
During displacement, it is recommended to leave the BHA in slow rotation to avoid channeling.
A spacer may not be required in this operation.
▪ HOLE CLEANING:
Monitoring Hole Cleaning:
- Shaker screens should be checked regularly to ensure that the amount of cuttings reflects the ROP. This is subjective, bu
experience can provide the first warning of problems. Low or erratic rates of return and an abundance of rounded or re-ground cu
suggest that a cuttings bed has
formed.
- Increases in Torque and Drag readings can also provide an early warning of poor hole cleaning.
- Pump pressure fluctuations can provide early warning of possible packing off in the annulus.
- Annular Pressure While Drilling (APWD) measurements are very useful in indicating hole
cleaning problems. Look out for any unexplained increases in annular pressure or ECD.
Recommended Drilling Practices to improve Hole Cleaning:
- Control ROP to avoid excessive build-up of drilled solids and hence increased PV levels.
- Clean the hole as fast as it is drilled - Maximize flow rates to match hole cleaning to instantaneous
penetration rate.
- Circulate clean prior to tripping - Bottoms-Up does not ensure a clean hole. Use the circulation
guidelines detailed below. Always check that the shakers are clean before tripping.
- Pump pressures and ECDs are relatively low, so high annular velocities can be used for effective hole cleaning. This is importan
highly deviated sections where the vertical distance that cuttings travel before settling out on the low side of the hole gets prog
shorter and which might not take
long.
- Perform wiper trips as required - they can disturb cuttings beds further up the hole.
- Minimize the time spent slide drilling - hole cleaning during sliding operations will never be good.
Luckily, the ROP is generally low, but extensive sliding can still build a cuttings bed.
M
Length (m)
sed invert emulsion system with NaCl
th
st
previous phase treated by dilution
ensity
cedure
2 stages during running in hole the
n surface.
e cleaned before displacement.
e ROP. This is subjective, but with

of rounded or re-ground cuttings
ole
ous
ation
ole cleaning. This is important in

side of the hole gets progressively
good.
- The junk slot area affects how thick a safe cuttings bed can be. All bypass areas should be considered (stabilizers, bit
OD tools, etc.). For example, there is generally no junk slot area in the stabilizer which sits above the bit.
- Monitor the shakers - the volume and type of cuttings are important indicators of hole condition. Know what to look for. Cavings
shakers are also a warning- sloughing shale can lead to pack offs
and out of gauge hole.
- The strong gels break easily when subjected to shear, so shale shakers can be dressed with very fine screens (API160 to 200)
start to end of this hole section & run all solid control equipment at
optimum working pressure & maximum efficiency (LGS > 5 %).
- Rotation and reciprocation are critical to good hole cleaning if the inclination exceeds 45°:
The effects of pipe rotation are enhanced by tool joints, centralizers, wear bands, stabilizers and any other hardware with greater
than the pipe itself. The viscous coupling may be enhanced by the visco-elasticity of the fluid. In low-viscosity fluids, pipe rotation
a form of turbulence known
as Taylor vortices which help to disrupt cuttings beds and keep cuttings suspended.
However, avoid excessive rotation in one spot otherwise washout may form. Excessively high rotation
speeds may also damage tools in the drills string - check with manufacturer's recommendations.
Circulation prior Tripping:

- Most hole-cleaning related stuck-pipe incidents occur when tripping and are caused by either pulling the BHA through the
bed or by cuttings avalanching. Proper circulation before pulling out is therefore vital, especially if using low- viscosity fluids. The circ
time is dependent on hole size and inclination. A simple bottoms-up calculation is not sufficient for an inclined well. The following
method calculates optimum circulation time prior to tripping.
- For each section multiply its length by the appropriate section length factor from the table below to
obtain an effective length.
Well Inclination Section Length Factor
12"¼ 8"½
0 – 10° 1.3 1.3
10° - 30° 1.4 1.4
30° - 60° 1.8 1.6
60° - 90° 2.0 1.7
Number of Circulations = Total Effective Length
Measured Depth
Volume required = (Number of Circulations x Bottoms-Up)
Note: This only applies if the hole has been properly cleaned when drilling. If the shakers are still loaded
after the calculated time, keep circulating until the shakers are clean.
Sweeps/Pills to improve hole cleaning:
- High viscosity sweep is not that effective in highly deviated / horizontal section because the viscous sweep will not actually pick
solids. However, a high viscosity pill may be effective if it is part
of a tandem pill, which we propose in this case:
- Use of Tandem Pill – These can be very effective for stirring up settled cuttings and removing them from the hole. A tandem pill
comprises a low viscosity unweighted pill, that is pumped ahead of a high viscous weighted pill. The second pill (high viscous w
pill) is adjusted so that the combined
density of the unweighted and weighted pills is the same as the active circulating density.
- The low viscosity unweighted pill is designed to be pumped in turbulent flow in order to pick up settled
solids. The high viscosity weighted pill is designed to increase cuttings suspension and buoyancy, helping to lift settled cuttin
carry them to surface.
- Make sure that the reduction in wellbore hydrostatic pressure when the first pill is in the annulus does
not under-balance the well and produce a kick.
- The recommended volume for each pill is 60 -100 m of open-hole length.
- This suite of pills should be pumped and string should remain at rotary mode with the maximum operationally allowed
GPM until the Tandem pill is lifted up to the vertical section. If the ECD increases too much while the sweep is in the hole, reduce the
rate but do not stop pumping.
- The pills should be monitored on the shakers and the frequency of the pills should be adjusted accordingly. Especially
& maximum ROP (by applying Wiper Trips to check hole conditions & controlling the drilling parameters), to avoid loading the annulu
cuttings & minimize the ECD, which will be reflected in improving the hole cleaning.
- EMEC recommends to sweep hole prior to each connection, after the sliding work, prior to all trips…
- Using (EMEC SUPER SWEEP) fibers in the high viscous weighted pill at (0.43 Kg/m3) has proved to
enhance hole cleaning as it is an inert fibers & provide hole cleaning through mechanical lifting and does not affect mud properties.
Cuttings Bed Factors:

- Cuttings beds are unstable between angles of 35° and 55°.
- Cuttings beds resist removal once formed. Increasing rheology has little or no effect.
- Bed thickness depends on annular velocity.
- Cuttings beds removal is assisted by pipe rotation (> 140 rpm) and fluid turbulence.
- In deviated wells, it is common practice to maintain elevated LSYP and gels. The minimum 6-RPM
value measured at 150 °F should approximate the hole diameter in inches.
▪ OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS:
displacement.
- Ensure the availability of the following items as security stock throughout this reservoir phase:
 +/- 60 m³ of heavy mud (recovered from the 12"¼ phase) as kill mud.
 Minimum 100T Barite.
 Minimum 20T CaCO3.
- Solids control equipment has to be run all times, so LGS can be maintained all the time around 5% by volume to maintain all mu
characteristics in the good range.
- Before start run 7" Liner, the mud rheology will be reduced using 2 Kg/m3 of Thinner (EMEC THIN NT) to get Yp at the low
of the specified range of this section (8 lbs/100ft2).

1. Oil and/or gas Influx:
Preventive actions:
- The mud weight has to be maintained in the planned range (1.45 SG) to ensure sufficient hydrostatic
pressure on these formations.
- Controlling the rate of tripping will also aid the prevention hole stability, by reducing swab and surge
pressures.
Detection:
- Pit levels must be strictly monitored (in collaboration with the mud logger) during circulating and
especially during trips and running 7" liner, to detect any fluid influx.
- For the same reason, mud properties must be checked continuously :
Density, OWR,E.S., alkalinity ….
- All Rigs’ degasser must be periodically tested to ensure proper performance.
- Any anomaly must be communicated on time to the concerned staff.
- In case of Background gas, Connection gas, Trip gas, circulate through the degasser until the total
evacuation of the gas plug, according to the mud weight IN and OUT.
2. Stuck Pipe:
 Differential sticking:
Occurs when differential pressure between the wellbore and the formation forces the drill string against the side of a ver
permeable formation (TRIAS and the other sandstone formations). When drilling is suspended (e.g. to make connection or trip ou
hole), the drill string rests on the low side
of the hole and will sink into the filer cake.
If the mud has poor fluid loss control and high solids content, then fluid filtration into the permeable formation will continue and
filter cake will be deposited on the wellbore, increasing filter cake thickness. As a result, the magnitude of the lateral force pus
pipe against the side of the hole
will increase as the contact area gets larger.
Differential sticking occurs when the string is stationary in the hole (e.g. connection or tripping),
which is one of the reasons for rotating and reciprocating the drill string in open hole.
When pipe is differentially stuck, it cannot be moved or rotated, but the hole can be circulated with normal pump
pressures, which help to distinguish differential sticking from mechanically stuck pipe when the hole is pack
Preventive actions:
- Avoid high differential pressures by controlling mud weight (1.45 SG).
- Keep the drill pipe moving in the hole whenever possible (rotate and reciprocate).
- Maintain tight fluid loss control to minimize filtrate invasion (at 500psi / 200°F: <4cc).
- While drilling permeable formations, treat the active circulating system with Bridging material (Concentrations & PD
bridging materials must be optimized using EMEC Bridging Particles Optimization Tool).The bridging action of this product p
maximum sealing across
the loss zone.
- Keep drilled solids content as low as possible (<4% volume) by effective use of S.C.E.
- Incorporate drilling jars in the drill string to help free differentially stuck pipe.
Corrective actions:
- Attempt to pull free by working the pipe and activating the drilling jars.
- Reduce the hydrostatic pressure in the hole, if safe to do so, by reducing mud weight.
- Spot EMEC SPOT solution across the differentially stuck zone to penetrate and gradually break
down the filter cake, which will destroy the pressure seal and allow the pipe to pulled free (the procedure for using EME
is reported in the appendix of this mud program).
It is worth noticing that time is a critical factor in freeing differentially stuck pipe because the filer cake will continue to build up
increase in thickness, and this will increase the lateral force acting on the drill string.
 Hole pack-off: while drilling this section the hole can pack-off, for the following reasons:
- Collapse of unconsolidated TRIAS CARBONATE formation into the wellbore.
Reminder :A packed-off hole can be distinguished from differential sticking because some movement and rotation of the drill st
be possible, but circulating pressures will be considerably higher
due to the restriction in the annulus, assuming that circulation is possible.
Preventive actions:
- While drilling unconsolidated formations, the drilling parameters (ROP, Flow rate, WOB….) must
be controlled and adequate to avoid destabilizing them. Also, the movement of drill string against such formations must be minim
- While reaming the abrasive zones or the core intervals, work interval systematically each single
until there is no more friction.
Corrective actions:
and to work the pipe without compacting the debris that has
caused the pack-off.
way up to the CSG shoe to make sure that the entire hole is in
good condition.
3. Down hole losses:.

Seepage losses can be encountered, and it is therefore essential to keep a close track of mud volumes. In case of los
the reservoir, a non-damaging LCM should be used as per Emergency Planning when lost circulation (detailed in the appendix
For seepage losses, the fine grade should be sufficient since the formation pore throats are not large. If more serious
are encountered then medium grade and fine grade material should be
used.
When the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid exceeds the invasion, resistance fluid will be lost to the formation. When the
permeability channels exceed a size that the normal drilling fluid cake or particles cannot bridge then whole fluid will
into the formation. The severity of the loss will
dictate the criticality of the situation and the response.
Preventive actions:
- The mud weight must to be maintained as the planned range (1.45 SG) by good solids control.
- Overloading of the annulus with cuttings leads to an increase of ECD and hence a potential cause of increased losses. For th
reason, hole cleaning; maintain LGS in correct range and control of the rate of penetration should be considered as a potential
Corrective actions:
Cut down the pump rate, reduce the overbalance and block the permeable channels.
This LCM pill should be spotted on bottom, soaked for one hour while drill string is at casing shoe and establish rate of sta
if no losses then string could be run in hole, washing to bottom. If losses not cured, repeat the pill by increasing the concentrati
GRAPHITE to 100 kg/m3, and same concentration of the other LCM until no losses encountered GRAPHITE concentratio
be increased up to 200 kg/m3 without risk of plugging bit jets or getting having high rheology of mud.
The pill should be pumped slowly at the maximum rate of 350 to 500lpm to avoid plugging the bit jets.
4. Washout in the unconsolidated TRIAS CARBONATE formation:

This problem causes a fatal hole destabilization, and may go as far as Hole pack-off.
Preventive actions:
It is very difficult to control hole stability once this problem occurs. Preventive actions are the best
ways to avoid it:
- While drilling this formation, dilute the active circulating system with bridging pill (Concentrations & PDS of the bridging ma
must be optimized using EMEC Bridging Particles Optimization Tool).
- The mud weight must to be maintained as the planned range (1.45 SG) by good solids control.
- Keep the Yp at the higher limit (12 lbs/100ft2) to ensure laminar flow (avoid hole washouts) and improve hole cleaning.
- While drilling this formation, the drilling parameters (ROP, Flow rate, WOB….) must be controlled
and adequate to avoid destabilizing them. Also, the movement of drill string against such formations must be minimized.
Detection:
- Examine the cuttings amount and appearance on the shakers. Caving presence indicates the
washout occurrence.
A. Mud weight:
The mud weight must be maintained at the recommended value 1.45 SG.
It is noted that for the highly deviated sections, the buoyancy factor is often more important than
Rheology. Modelling shows that an increase in mud weight of 0.12 SG (If it's possible, depends on stresses) can be more b
to hole cleaning than any change to the viscosity.
with new light mud to maintain the fluid properties.
B. Rheology :
Fluid rheology needs to be controlled in highly deviated sections because this will enable the annular velocity to be maxim
effective hole cleaning. Consideration should be given to reducing fluid rheology if higher annular velocity is required for effecti
cleaning.
The Yield point should be maintained at the recommended value (12 lb/100ft2 at 150°F).
Keep LSYP, all the Time at the High Range (6 - 10 lb/100ft2) as it is the more effective parameter than
Yp, while drilling such Highly Deviated Sections.
Low Shear Rate Viscosity and Gel Strengths – The Fann 6 and 3 rpm readings are generally regarded as being more representati
Low Shear Rate Viscosity (LSRV) that affects hole cleaning in highly deviated and horizontal sections. The Gel Strengths (1
second and 10 minute) also represent suspension properties when subjected to static or low shear rate conditions; they must b
maintained at
the recommended values (Gels10sec = 8 lb/100ft2, Gels10min = 12 lb/100ft2)
The mud to be used should ideally have high fragile gels that collapse easily when circulation resumes.
Gels that are excessively high and progressive should be avoided, because the resultant increase in pumping pressures cou
induce formation losses.
If rheology is on the low side then the drilling fluid should be treated with EMULAM RM77 (viscosifier that improves LSRV). Recom
EMULAM RM77 treatments for improving the anti-sag properties of a drilling fluid range from 1.5 to 6 kg/m3. These conce
are indicative; a pilot test must be
performing on Rig site to determine the exact concentration of treatment.
If rheology is on the high side, the Yp and Gel strengths can be reduced by "Dilution" with Diesel, especially if it restores
OWR that might have dropped following an influx of water or as a result of water leakage into the circulating system. The
also be reduced by treating the circulating system with thinner (EMEC THIN NT: 1 to 5 Kg/m3); a pilot test must be performing o
to determine the
exact concentration of treatment.
C. HPHT fluid loss:
Tight control on the HPHT fluid loss should be maintained in the range (at 500psi / 200°F : <4cc). The fluid loss should be low and
cake should be thin, firm and slippery. This will avoid the washouts and seal effectively the porous zones of the formations crossed.
highly deviated section, this can be a vital tool that can lead to the successful operations. Inadequate HPHT filtrate and cake
significantly
increases the risk of differential sticking.
The HPHT filtrate also gives an indication of emulsion stability because the presence of water in the
filtrate can be an indication of a weak emulsion (Filtrate must be 100% oil).
The HPHT fluid loss control and emulsion stability can be improved by treating the circulating system
respectively, with filtration control additive (EMEC TONE), emulsifiers (EMEC MUL, EMEC CON & EMEC WET) and lime.
D. Electric stability:
The Electric Stability (E.S.) is a measure of the strength of the oil-water emulsion. Keep it >1000 V. However, lower E.S. re
EMEC CON)
and lime, to avoid any further problem of water wetting of the solids and settling of Barite.
It should be noted that the E.S. tends to increase after shearing through the bit, compared to a newly
mixed mud.
E. Water Phase Salinity (Chloride content):
enough to prevent surface hydration and osmotic movement of water towards the formation.
Furthermore, un-dissolved NaCl (excess salt) can cause water wetting problems.
Water phase salinity can be increased by adding NaCl to the active circulating system. These additions
should be controlled because the powder will initially be oil-wet and it will take time and high shear before the powder eventually diss
the brine phase.
F. Lime content:
Lime content should always be checked to determine the amount of excess lime in the OBM (must be 15
- 25 Kg/m3). Emulsifiers treatments may not to be required if the poor emulsion stability is due to lime deficiency. A decreas
content while drilling may indicate acidic gases in the formation (e.g. CO2) or high temperature decomposition of products in the fluid
G. Lubricity / Friction:
The need for low torque and drag is essential for highly deviated sections to reduce the potential for differential sticking. In
enhanced lubricity provided naturally by the OBM that will be used makes it ideal for Directional Drilling Process. The risk of dif
sticking is also reduced, due to the
combination of high lubricity with the very thin filter cakes that are produced by the OBM.
All bypass areas should be considered (stabilizers, bit, large
izer which sits above the bit.
cators of hole condition. Know what to look for. Cavings on the
can be dressed with very fine screens (API160 to 200) since
nclination exceeds 45°:

ar bands, stabilizers and any other hardware with greater diameter
-elasticity of the fluid. In low-viscosity fluids, pipe rotation causes
suspended.
orm. Excessively high rotation

check with manufacturer's recommendations.
and are caused by either pulling the BHA through the cuttings
ore vital, especially if using low- viscosity fluids. The circulating
ion is not sufficient for an inclined well. The following
factor from the table below to
h Factor
6"
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
f the shakers are still loaded
ection because the viscous sweep will not actually pick up settled
cuttings and removing them from the hole. A tandem pill

scous weighted pill. The second pill (high viscous weighted
ating density.
flow in order to pick up settled

s suspension and buoyancy, helping to lift settled cuttings and
irst pill is in the annulus does
.
rotary mode with the maximum operationally allowed RPM &
ases too much while the sweep is in the hole, reduce the pump
of the pills should be adjusted accordingly. Especially with high

lling the drilling parameters), to avoid loading the annulus with
eaning.
ding work, prior to all trips…

t (0.43 Kg/m3) has proved to
h mechanical lifting and does not affect mud properties.
or no effect.
turbulence.
and gels. The minimum 6-RPM
e) should be cleaned before
k throughout this reservoir phase:

d.
g site during the drilling of this
ned all the time around 5% by volume to maintain all mud
Kg/m3 of Thinner (EMEC THIN NT) to get Yp at the lower value
ensure sufficient hydrostatic
by reducing swab and surge
logger) during circulating and
ance.
h the degasser until the total

mation forces the drill string against the side of a very
n drilling is suspended (e.g. to make connection or trip out of
filtration into the permeable formation will continue and more

kness. As a result, the magnitude of the lateral force pushing the
le (e.g. connection or tripping),

g in open hole.
ut the hole can be circulated with normal pump
from mechanically stuck pipe when the hole is packed-off.
).
reciprocate).
nnections).
si / 200°F: <4cc).
system with Bridging material (Concentrations & PDS of the
s Optimization Tool).The bridging action of this product provides
ctive use of S.C.E.

ck pipe.
s.
cing mud weight.
penetrate and gradually break
w the pipe to pulled free (the procedure for using EMEC SPOT
uck pipe because the filer cake will continue to build up and
he drill string.
ollowing reasons:
wellbore.
ation).
king because some movement and rotation of the drill string may
ble.
e hole is starting to pack-off.
bove).
nnections).
ctive use of SCE.
ROP, Flow rate, WOB….) must
ment of drill string against such formations must be minimized.
nterval systematically each single

evel, where annular velocities provide effective hole cleaning,
ttempts can be made to backream the drill string carefully all the
to keep a close track of mud volumes. In case of losses in

Planning when lost circulation (detailed in the appendix).
formation pore throats are not large. If more serious losses
esistance fluid will be lost to the formation. When the

cake or particles cannot bridge then whole fluid will be lost
SG) by good solids control.

D and hence a potential cause of increased losses. For this
ate of penetration should be considered as a potential
nd hole stability, by reducing
able channels.
ile drill string is at casing shoe and establish rate of static losses
es not cured, repeat the pill by increasing the concentration with
until no losses encountered GRAPHITE concentration could
having high rheology of mud.
pm to avoid plugging the bit jets.

ree)
on:
Hole pack-off.
Preventive actions are the best
bridging pill (Concentrations & PDS of the bridging materials

).
SG) by good solids control.

(avoid hole washouts) and improve hole cleaning.
WOB….) must be controlled

drill string against such formations must be minimized.
Caving presence indicates the
nitoring of the solids control
often more important than

G (If it's possible, depends on stresses) can be more beneficial
ng will be required and it may become necessary to dilute
use this will enable the annular velocity to be maximized for

rheology if higher annular velocity is required for effective hole
t2 at 150°F).
re effective parameter than
dings are generally regarded as being more representative of the

ed and horizontal sections. The Gel Strengths (10
bjected to static or low shear rate conditions; they must be
0ft2)
when circulation resumes.

cause the resultant increase in pumping pressures could
ULAM RM77 (viscosifier that improves LSRV). Recommended

rilling fluid range from 1.5 to 6 kg/m3. These concentrations
uced by "Dilution" with Diesel, especially if it restores the

sult of water leakage into the circulating system. They can
HIN NT: 1 to 5 Kg/m3); a pilot test must be performing on Rig site
00psi / 200°F : <4cc). The fluid loss should be low and the filter
effectively the porous zones of the formations crossed. For a
essful operations. Inadequate HPHT filtrate and cake,
re building up in the mud.

e the presence of water in the
y treating the circulating system

C MUL, EMEC CON & EMEC WET) and lime.
er emulsion. Keep it >1000 V. However, lower E.S. readings
uch as undissolved salt. A drop in E.S. readings and
on, which can be remedied by adding emulsifiers (EMEC MUL,
ling of Barite.
gh the bit, compared to a newly
ble formations as long as the internal water phase salinity is high

s the formation.
ems.
ng system. These additions
ke time and high shear before the powder eventually dissolves in
at contains no salinity in the water phase, to the fluid and making

culating system.
, the water content must be accurate for salinity calculations,
lime in the OBM (must be 15

emulsion stability is due to lime deficiency. A decrease in lime
high temperature decomposition of products in the fluid.
ions to reduce the potential for differential sticking. Indeed, the

ideal for Directional Drilling Process. The risk of differential
d by the OBM.
Mud type OBM
Yield value (lbs/100ft2) 12
Low Shear Rate (lbs/100ft2) 6 - 10
Gels 10 sec /10 min 8/12
PV (cP) ALAP
HPHT Fluid Loss 500psi / 200°C <4 cc
OWR 90/10
Electric stability >1000mV
Pb (cc 0.1N H2SO4) 2 – 2.5
% LGS by volume <5

For OBM (OWR 90/10): density = 1.45 SG
Diesel Base fluid 0.685 m3/m3
CLAYTONE II Viscosifier 18.5
LIME Alkalinity control 25
EMEC TONE Fluid Loss Reducer 15
BARITE Non damaging Fluid Loss Reducer 682

n (Kg/m3)
m3
Surface Volume 375
Hole Volume 3
Total Handled Volume 564
OBM received from LMP (90/10 - 0.90 SG - Barite) 259
OBM recovered from 12"¼ section (including 60m as kill mud)
3
305
OBM Backloaded to LMP (90/10 , 1.45 – 1.50 SG , Barite) 444

Estimated Consumption for Estimated Consumption for Total Estimated
Products built volume (Ton) maintenance/treatment Consumption
(Ton) (Ton)
Diesel
EMEC MUL 0.760 0.760
EMEC CON 0.740 0.740
CLAYTONE II 0.250 0.250
NaCl
LIME 2.000 2.000
EMEC TONE 0.750 0.750
BARITE
EMEC THIN NT 1.440 1.440
EMEC WET 1.440 1.440
Total Estimated
Consumption
(Ton)
0.760
0.740
0.250
2.000
0.750
1.440
1.440
Products Packaging
BARITE Big Bag
Calcium Carbonate Big Bag
NaCl Big Bag
CLAYTONE II Sack
EMEC TONE sack
EMEC CON Drum
EMEC MUL Drum
EMEC WET Drum
EMEC THIN NT Drum
EMEC SPOT Drum
LIME Sack
EMEC CARB (M & F) Sack
DYNARED (M & F) Sack
GRAPHITE Sack

The primary concern while drilling this interval will be efficient use of all solids control equipment to
remove drilled solids and maintain the desired fluids properties, this is due to the high drilling rates and the relatively large section
interval.
reduce well costs.
▪ SHALE SHAKERS:
▪ MUD CLEANER:
▪ CENTRIFUGES:
weight and the concentration of fines builds-up of drilled solids (LGS) in
the drilling fluid.
Since the mud weight is high, the first centrifuge must be set at high inflow/low speed rotation in order to strip out the Barite discha
which will be returned to the active system. The centrate from this centrifuge is sent to the second centrifuge which is set at lo
feed/high rotation in order to discharge the
maximum of LGS.
Quantity (T)
100.000
20.000
5.000
5.000
2.000
4.000
4.000
1.000
2.000
1.000
5.000
2.000
2.000
1.000
mendations:
will be efficient use of all solids control equipment to
ds properties, this is due to the high drilling rates and the relatively large section of this
eaner, Centrifuges …) must be constantly controlled by the on-site Mud Engineer as per
mpact on the running of the drilling mud, its chemical treatments and dilution rate.
is the primary means of removing the bulk of the drilled
ility of a minimum stock of screens on the Rig site at

er.
0 to 180) and screen up as much as the flow rates will allow.
es permit. This will depend also on the sizing and effectiveness of shale shakers.
will be on standby for the Mud Engineer to use at his discretion to control both the mud
drilled solids (LGS) in
ust be set at high inflow/low speed rotation in order to strip out the Barite discharged
he centrate from this centrifuge is sent to the second centrifuge which is set at low
6" section (Horizontal) – EMEC OBM
Interval (m) 3381 – 4008
Length (m) 627
TMD (m) / TVD (m) / INC (°) / VS (m) 4008 / 3406 / 89,4°/ 716
Mud system OBM
Mud Weight (SG) As per SH/DP
Formation Geological description
C A M B R I A N DH(D1) Sandstone/Quartz
C A M B R I A N Zpsg Sandstone/Quartz
C A M B R I A N Reservoir R2ab Sandstone/Quartz
I. Discussion:
1.1 Objectives
This horizontal section will be drilled to 4008m using EMEC OBM system which is a diesel based invert emulsion system with NaCl as
CaCO3 as weighting agent.
The use of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) as weighting agent will provide bridging properties to the mud
system and prevent reservoir damage and skin through filtrate invasion.
EMEC OBM for horizontal sections is a thixatropic (shear-thinning) fluid with high but very fragile gels. This produces a flu
excellent cuttings transport capability, which is ideal for extended-reach and
horizontal wells.
In this case, pump pressures and ECDs are relatively low, so high annular velocities can be used for effective hole clean
is important in horizontal section where the vertical distance that cuttings travel before settling out on the low side of the hole g
progressively shorter and which might not take long. As soon as circulation stops, the mud develops strong gels almost instan
keeping cuttings in
suspension without any sag. The result is an excellent cuttings transport capability.
The strong gels break easily when subjected to shear, so shale shakers can be dressed with very fine
screens for improved solids control efficiency.
This reservoir section will be drilled through sandstones formations, this mud system provide maximum
hole stability and maximum drilling performance.
1.2 Best Practices
The ideal situation when mixing OBM is to have two (02) mix tanks, one for mixing the oil phase and one
for mixing the brine phase. The brine is then transferred slowly into the oil phase to form the fluid emulsion.
Mixing procedures is as follows:
1. Add the required volume of Diesel to the mixing tank.
2. Add the required amount of Non-damaging filtration control additive (FLR-170).
3. Add the required amount of primary and secondary emulsifiers (EMEC MUL & EMEC CON).
4. Add the required volume of Water to a separate mixing tank (the second tank).
5. Add the required amount of SALT (NaCl) to the water (in the second tank).
6. Transfer the NaCl Brine slowly into the Base Oil at maximum shear rate.
7. Add the required amount of Lime.
8. Add the required amount of organophilic clay viscosifier (CLAYTONE II).
9. Add the required amount of Low Shear Viscosifier (EMULAM RM77).
10. Add the required amount of Non-damaging filtration control additive (OYLITROL L).
11. Circulate through the shear hopper with full tank agitation for several hours to establish a good emulsion.
12. Add Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) to obtain the required density.

The mixing hoppers cannot generate the high shear rates that are required to create strong oil/water emulsions. High shea
are also required when mixing organophilic clay viscosifiers. As a result, freshly-mixed OBM properties tend to fall short of pro
requirements. However, emulsion stability,
rheology and fluid loss control will improve after a few circulations in the hole due to high shear at the bit.
▪ Displacing OBM (1.45 SG) to OBM CaCO3:
Before displacement a minimum volume of 170m3 OBM CaCO3 (of density required by SH-DP) must be available on surfa
The settling pits (which may be almost full of solids in the previous phase) should be cleaned before displacement.
The hole volume to be displaced is +/- 114m3.
A spacer may not be required in this operation.

▪ HOLE CLEANING:
Monitoring Hole Cleaning:
- Shaker screens should be checked regularly to ensure that the amount of cuttings reflects the ROP. This is subjective, bu
experience can provide the first warning of problems. Low or erratic rates of return and an abundance of rounded or re-ground cu
suggest that a cuttings bed has
formed.
- Increases in Torque and Drag readings can also provide an early warning of poor hole cleaning.
- Pump pressure fluctuations can provide early warning of possible packing off in the annulus.
- Annular Pressure While Drilling (APWD) measurements are very useful in indicating hole
cleaning problems. Look out for any unexplained increases in annular pressure or ECD.
Recommended Drilling Practices to improve Hole Cleaning:
- Control ROP to avoid excessive build-up of drilled solids and hence increased PV levels.
- Clean the hole as fast as it is drilled - Maximize flow rates to match hole cleaning to instantaneous
penetration rate.
- Circulate clean prior to tripping - Bottoms-Up does not ensure a clean hole. Use the circulation
guidelines detailed below. Always check that the shakers are clean before tripping.
- Pump pressures and ECDs are relatively low, so high annular velocities can be used for effective hole
cleaning. This is important in horizontal sections where the vertical distance that cuttings travel before settling out on the low side of
gets progressively shorter and which might not take long.
- Perform wiper trips as required - they can disturb cuttings beds further up the hole.
- Minimize the time spent slide drilling - hole cleaning during sliding operations will never be good.
Luckily, the ROP is generally low, but extensive sliding can still build a cuttings bed.
- The junk slot area affects how thick a safe cuttings bed can be. All bypass areas should be considered (stabilizers, bit
OD tools, etc.). For example, there is generally no junk slot area in
the stabilizer which sits above the bit.
- Monitor the shakers - the volume and type of cuttings are important indicators of hole condition. Know what to look for. Cavings
shakers are also a warning- sloughing shale can lead to pack offs
and out of gauge hole.
- The strong gels break easily when subjected to shear, so shale shakers can be dressed with very fine
screens (API180 to 200) since start to end of this hole section & run all solid control equipment at optimum working pressu
maximum efficiency (LGS > 4 %).
- Rotation and reciprocation are critical to good hole cleaning if the inclination exceeds 45°:
The effects of pipe rotation are enhanced by tool joints, centralizers, wear bands, stabilizers and any other hardware with greater
diameter than the pipe itself. The viscous coupling may be enhanced by the visco-elasticity of the fluid. In low-viscosity fluids, pip
rotation causes a form of turbulence known
as Taylor vortices which help to disrupt cuttings beds and keep cuttings suspended.
However, avoid excessive rotation in one spot otherwise washout may form. Excessively high rotation speeds may also d
tools in the drills string - check with manufacturer's recommendations.
ulsion system with NaCl as salt and
mud
gels. This produces a fluid with
d for effective hole cleaning. This

n the low side of the hole gets
strong gels almost instantly,
ne
um
d emulsion.
C CON).
d emulsion.
ater emulsions. High shear rates

ies tend to fall short of programmed
must be available on surface.
splacement.
ROP. This is subjective, but with

f rounded or re-ground cuttings
ling out on the low side of the hole
ood.
considered (stabilizers, bit, large
what to look for. Cavings on the
t optimum working pressure &

ther hardware with greater
. In low-viscosity fluids, pipe
speeds may also damage

Circulation prior Tripping:
- Most hole-cleaning related stuck-pipe incidents occur when tripping and are caused by either pulling the BHA through the
bed or by cuttings avalanching. Proper circulation before pulling out is therefore vital, especially if using low- viscosity fluids. The circ
time is dependent on hole size and inclination. A simple bottoms-up calculation is not sufficient for an inclined well. The following
method calculates optimum circulation time prior to tripping.
- For each section multiply its length by the appropriate section length factor from the table below to
obtain an effective length.
Well Inclination Section Length Factor
12"¼ 8"½
0 – 10° 1.3 1.3
10° - 30° 1.4 1.4
30° - 60° 1.8 1.6
60° - 90° 2.0 1.7
Number of Circulations = Total Effective Length
Measured Depth
Volume required = (Number of Circulations x Bottoms-Up)
Note: This only applies if the hole has been properly cleaned when drilling. If the shakers are still loaded
after the calculated time, keep circulating until the shakers are clean.
Sweeps/Pills to improve hole cleaning:
- High viscosity sweep is not that effective in horizontal section because the viscous sweep will not actually pick up settle
However, a high viscosity pill may be effective if it is part of a tandem pill, which we propose in this case:
- Use of Tandem Pill – These can be very effective for stirring up settled cuttings and removing them from the hole. A tandem pill
comprises a low viscosity unweighted pill, that is pumped ahead of a high viscous weighted pill (using EMULAM RM77& CLAYTON
10 Kg/m3). The second pill (high viscous weighted pill) is adjusted so that the combined density of the unweighted and weighted pills
the same as the active circulating density.
- The low viscosity unweighted pill is designed to be pumped in turbulent flow in order to pick up settled
solids. The high viscosity weighted pill is designed to increase cuttings suspension and buoyancy, helping to lift settled cuttin
carry them to surface.
- Make sure that the reduction in wellbore hydrostatic pressure when the first pill is in the annulus does
not under-balance the well and produce a kick.
- The recommended volume for each pill is 60 -100 m of open-hole length.
- This suite of pills should be pumped and string should remain at rotary mode with the maximum operationally allowed
GPM until the Tandem pill is lifted up to the vertical section. If the ECD
increases too much while the sweep is in the hole, reduce the pump rate but do not stop pumping.
- The pills should be monitored on the shakers and the frequency of the pills should be adjusted accordingly. Especially
& maximum ROP (by applying Wiper Trips to check hole conditions & controlling the drilling parameters), to avoid loading the annulu
cuttings & minimize the ECD,
which will be reflected in improving the hole cleaning.
- EMEC recommends to sweep hole prior to each connection, after the sliding work, prior to all trips…
- Using (EMEC SUPER SWEEP) fibers in the high viscous weighted pill at (0.43 Kg/m3) has proved to enhance hole cleaning as
inert fibers & provide hole cleaning through mechanical lifting and
does not affect mud properties.
Cuttings Bed Factors:

- Cuttings beds are unstable between angles of 35° and 55°.
- Cuttings beds resist removal once formed. Increasing rheology has little or no effect.
- Bed thickness depends on annular velocity.
- Cuttings beds removal is assisted by pipe rotation (> 140 rpm) and fluid turbulence.
- In deviated wells, it is common practice to maintain elevated LSYP and gels. The minimum 6-RPM
value measured at 150 °F should approximate the hole diameter in inches.
▪ OTHER RECOMMENDATIONS:
displacement.
- Ensure the availability of the following items as security stock throughout this reservoir phase:
 +/- 60 m³ of heavy mud (recovered from the 12"¼ phase) as kill mud.
 Minimum 100T Barite.
 Minimum 20T CaCO3.
- Solids control equipment has to be run all times, so LGS can be maintained all the time around 5% by volume to maintain all mu
characteristics in the good range.
- Before start run 4"½ Liner, the mud rheology will be reduced using 2 Kg/m3 of Thinner (EMEC THIN NT) to get Yp at the lower va
the specified range of this section (6 lbs/100ft2).

1. Oil and/or gas Influx:
Preventive actions:
- The mud weight has to be maintained in the planned range to ensure sufficient hydrostatic pressure
on these formations.
- Controlling the rate of tripping will also aid the prevention hole stability, by reducing swab and surge
pressures.
Detection:
- Pit levels must be strictly monitored (in collaboration with the mud logger) during circulating and
especially during trips and running 7" liner, to detect any fluid influx.
- For the same reason, mud properties must be checked continuously :
Density, OWR,E.S., alkalinity ….
- All Rigs’ degasser must be periodically tested to ensure proper performance.
- Any anomaly must be communicated on time to the concerned staff.
- In case of Background gas, Connection gas, Trip gas, circulate through the degasser until the total
evacuation of the gas plug, according to the mud weight IN and OUT.
2. Stuck Pipe:
 Differential sticking:
Occurs when differential pressure between the wellbore and the formation forces the drill string against the side of a v
permeable formation (sandstone formations). When drilling is suspended (e.g. to make connection or trip out of hole), the drill
rests on the low side of the hole and will
sink into the filer cake.
If the mud has poor fluid loss control and high solids content, then fluid filtration into the permeable formation will continue and
filter cake will be deposited on the wellbore, increasing filter cake thickness. As a result, the magnitude of the lateral force pus
pipe against the side of the hole
will increase as the contact area gets larger.
Differential sticking occurs when the string is stationary in the hole (e.g. connection or tripping),
which is one of the reasons for rotating and reciprocating the drill string in open hole.
When pipe is differentially stuck, it cannot be moved or rotated, but the hole can be circulated with normal pump
pressures, which help to distinguish differential sticking from
mechanically stuck pipe when the hole is packed-off.
Preventive actions:
- Avoid high differential pressures by controlling mud weight .
- Keep the drill pipe moving in the hole whenever possible (rotate and reciprocate).
- Maintain tight fluid loss control to minimize filtrate invasion (at 500psi / 250°F: <4cc).
- While drilling permeable formations, treat the active circulating system with Bridging material (Concentrations & PD
bridging materials must be optimized using EMEC Bridging Particles Optimization Tool).The bridging action of this product p
maximum sealing across
the loss zone.
- Keep drilled solids content as low as possible (<4% volume) by effective use of S.C.E.
- Incorporate drilling jars in the drill string to help free differentially stuck pipe.
Corrective actions:
- Attempt to pull free by working the pipe and activating the drilling jars.
- Reduce the hydrostatic pressure in the hole, if safe to do so, by reducing mud weight.
- Spot EMEC SPOT solution across the differentially stuck zone to penetrate and gradually break down the filter cake, w
destroy the pressure seal and allow the pipe to pulled free (the procedure for using EMEC SPOT is reported in the appen
mud program).
It is worth noticing that time is a critical factor in freeing differentially stuck pipe because the filer cake will continue to build up
increase in thickness, and this will increase the lateral force acting on
the drill string.
 Hole pack-off: while drilling this section the hole can pack-off, for the following reasons:
- Collapse of unconsolidated formation into the wellbore.
Reminder :A packed-off hole can be distinguished from differential sticking because some movement
and rotation of the drill string may be possible, but circulating pressures will be considerably higher due to the restriction in the
Preventive actions:
- While drilling unconsolidated formations, the drilling parameters (ROP, Flow rate, WOB….) must be controlled and adequa
avoid destabilizing them. Also, the movement of drill string against
such formations must be minimized.
- While reaming the abrasive zones or the core intervals, work interval systematically each single
until there is no more friction.
Corrective actions:
and to work the pipe without compacting the debris that has
caused the pack-off.
way up to the CSG shoe to make sure that the entire hole is in
good condition.
3. Down hole losses: In this reservoir phase the losses are a critical problem.
Seepage losses can be encountered, and it is therefore essential to keep a close track of mud volumes. In case of
the reservoir, a non-damaging LCM should be used such as DYNARED an organic LCM that is acidizable & Biodegrada
EMEC Carb is also acidizable.
For seepage losses, the fine grade should be sufficient since the formation pore throats are not large. If more serious
are encountered then medium grade and fine grade material should be used.
When the hydrostatic pressure of the fluid exceeds the invasion, resistance fluid will be lost to the formation. When the
permeability channels exceed a size that the normal drilling fluid cake or particles cannot bridge then whole fluid will
into the formation. The severity of the loss will
dictate the criticality of the situation and the response.
Preventive actions:
- The mud weight must to be maintained as the planned range by good solids control.
- Overloading of the annulus with cuttings leads to an increase of ECD and hence a potential cause of increased losses. For th
reason, hole cleaning; maintain LGS in correct range and control of
the rate of penetration should be considered as a potential preventative measure.
Corrective actions:
Cut down the pump rate, reduce the overbalance and block the permeable channels.
This LCM pill should be spotted on bottom, soaked for one hour while drill string is at casing shoe and establish rate of sta
losses if no losses then string could be run in hole, washing to bottom. If losses not cured, repeat the pill by increasing the conc
with GRAPHITE to 100 kg/m3, and same concentration of the other LCM until no losses encountered GRAPHITE concen
could
be increased up to 200 kg/m3 without risk of plugging bit jets or getting having high rheology of mud.
The pill should be pumped slowly at the maximum rate of 350 to 500lpm to avoid plugging the bit jets.

A. Mud weight:
The mud weight must be maintained at the recommended value.
It is noted that for the highly deviated sections, the buoyancy factor is often more important than
Rheology. Modelling shows that an increase in mud weight of 0.12 SG (If it's possible, depends on stresses) can be more b
to hole cleaning than any change to the viscosity.
with new light mud to maintain the fluid properties.
B. Rheology :
Fluid rheology needs to be controlled in highly deviated sections because this will enable the annular velocity to be maxim
effective hole cleaning. Consideration should be given to reducing fluid rheology if higher annular velocity is required for effecti
cleaning.
The Yield point should be maintained at the recommended value (12 lb/100ft2 at 150°F).
Keep LSYP, all the Time at the High Range (6 - 10 lb/100ft2) as it is the more effective parameter than
Yp, while drilling such Highly Deviated Sections.
Low Shear Rate Viscosity and Gel Strengths – The Fann 6 and 3 rpm readings are generally regarded as being more representati
Low Shear Rate Viscosity (LSRV) that affects hole cleaning in highly deviated and horizontal sections. The Gel Strengths (1
second and 10 minute) also represent suspension properties when subjected to static or low shear rate conditions; they must b
maintained at
the recommended values (Gels10sec = 6 lb/100ft2, Gels10min = 10 lb/100ft2).
The mud to be used should ideally have high fragile gels that collapse easily when circulation resumes.
Gels that are excessively high and progressive should be avoided, because the resultant increase in pumping pressures cou
induce formation losses.
If rheology is on the low side then the drilling fluid should be treated with EMULAM RM77 (viscosifier that improves LSRV). Recom
EMULAM RM77 treatments for improving the anti-sag properties of a drilling fluid range from 1.5 to 6 kg/m3. These conce
are indicative; a pilot test must be
performing on Rig site to determine the exact concentration of treatment.
If rheology is on the high side, the Yp and Gel strengths can be reduced by "Dilution" with Diesel, especially if it restores
OWR that might have dropped following an influx of water or as a result of water leakage into the circulating system. The
also be reduced by treating the circulating system with thinner (EMEC THIN NT: 1 to 5 Kg/m3); a pilot test must be performing o
to determine the
exact concentration of treatment.
C. HPHT fluid loss:
Tight control on the HPHT fluid loss should be maintained in the range (at 500psi / 250°F : <4cc). The fluid loss should be low and
cake should be thin, firm and slippery. This will avoid the washouts and seal effectively the porous zones of the formations crossed.
highly deviated section, this can be a vital tool that can lead to the successful operations. Inadequate HPHT filtrate and cake
significantly
increases the risk of differential sticking.
The HPHT filtrate also gives an indication of emulsion stability because the presence of water in the
filtrate can be an indication of a weak emulsion (Filtrate must be 100% oil).
The HPHT fluid loss control and emulsion stability can be improved by treating the circulating system
respectively, with filtration control additive (OILYTROL L), emulsifiers (EMEC MUL, EMEC CON & EMEC WET) and lime.
D. Electric stability:
The Electric Stability (E.S.) is a measure of the strength of the oil-water emulsion. Keep it >1000 V. However, lower E.S. re
EMEC CON)
and lime, to avoid any further problem of water wetting of the solids and settling of Barite.
It should be noted that the E.S. tends to increase after shearing through the bit, compared to a newly
mixed mud.
E. Water Phase Salinity (Chloride content):
enough to prevent surface hydration and osmotic movement of water towards the formation.
Furthermore, un-dissolved NaCl (excess salt) can cause water wetting problems.
Water phase salinity can be increased by adding NaCl to the active circulating system. These additions
should be controlled because the powder will initially be oil-wet and it will take time and high shear before the powder eventually diss
the brine phase.
F. Lime content:
Lime content should always be checked to determine the amount of excess lime in the OBM (must be 15
- 25 Kg/m3). Emulsifiers treatments may not to be required if the poor emulsion stability is due to lime deficiency. A decreas
content while drilling may indicate acidic gases in the formation (e.g. CO2) or high temperature decomposition of products in the fluid
G. Lubricity / Friction:
The need for low torque and drag is essential for highly deviated sections to reduce the potential for differential sticking. In
enhanced lubricity provided naturally by the OBM that will be used makes it ideal for Directional Drilling Process. The risk of dif
sticking is also reduced, due to the
combination of high lubricity with the very thin filter cakes that are produced by the OBM.
and are caused by either pulling the BHA through the cuttings
ore vital, especially if using low- viscosity fluids. The circulating
ion is not sufficient for an inclined well. The following
factor from the table below to
h Factor
6"
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
f the shakers are still loaded
ause the viscous sweep will not actually pick up settled solids.
hich we propose in this case:
cuttings and removing them from the hole. A tandem pill

scous weighted pill (using EMULAM RM77& CLAYTONE II: 5 to
e combined density of the unweighted and weighted pills is
flow in order to pick up settled

s suspension and buoyancy, helping to lift settled cuttings and
irst pill is in the annulus does
.
rotary mode with the maximum operationally allowed RPM &
do not stop pumping.

of the pills should be adjusted accordingly. Especially with high
lling the drilling parameters), to avoid loading the annulus with
ding work, prior to all trips…

t (0.43 Kg/m3) has proved to enhance hole cleaning as it is an
or no effect.
turbulence.
and gels. The minimum 6-RPM
e) should be cleaned before
k throughout this reservoir phase:

d.
g site during the drilling of this
ned all the time around 5% by volume to maintain all mud
/m3 of Thinner (EMEC THIN NT) to get Yp at the lower value of
fficient hydrostatic pressure
by reducing swab and surge
logger) during circulating and
ance.
h the degasser until the total
mation forces the drill string against the side of a very

ded (e.g. to make connection or trip out of hole), the drill string
filtration into the permeable formation will continue and more

kness. As a result, the magnitude of the lateral force pushing the
le (e.g. connection or tripping),

g in open hole.
ut the hole can be circulated with normal pump
from
reciprocate).
nnections).
si / 250°F: <4cc).
system with Bridging material (Concentrations & PDS of the
s Optimization Tool).The bridging action of this product provides
ctive use of S.C.E.

ck pipe.
s.
cing mud weight.
penetrate and gradually break down the filter cake, which will
ocedure for using EMEC SPOT is reported in the appendix of this
uck pipe because the filer cake will continue to build up and
ollowing reasons:
ation).
king because some movement
s will be considerably higher due to the restriction in the annulus,
e hole is starting to pack-off.
bove).
nnections).
ctive use of SCE.
ROP, Flow rate, WOB….) must be controlled and adequate to
nterval systematically each single
evel, where annular velocities provide effective hole cleaning,
ttempts can be made to backream the drill string carefully all the
l problem.
to keep a close track of mud volumes. In case of losses in
NARED an organic LCM that is acidizable & Biodegradable or
formation pore throats are not large. If more serious losses

e used.
esistance fluid will be lost to the formation. When the

cake or particles cannot bridge then whole fluid will be lost
d solids control.
D and hence a potential cause of increased losses. For this
measure.
nd hole stability, by reducing
able channels.
hile drill string is at casing shoe and establish rate of static
If losses not cured, repeat the pill by increasing the concentration
LCM until no losses encountered GRAPHITE concentration
having high rheology of mud.
pm to avoid plugging the bit jets.

ree)
nitoring of the solids control
often more important than

G (If it's possible, depends on stresses) can be more beneficial
ng will be required and it may become necessary to dilute
use this will enable the annular velocity to be maximized for

rheology if higher annular velocity is required for effective hole
t2 at 150°F).
re effective parameter than
dings are generally regarded as being more representative of the

ed and horizontal sections. The Gel Strengths (10
bjected to static or low shear rate conditions; they must be
ft2).
y when circulation resumes.

cause the resultant increase in pumping pressures could
ULAM RM77 (viscosifier that improves LSRV). Recommended

rilling fluid range from 1.5 to 6 kg/m3. These concentrations
uced by "Dilution" with Diesel, especially if it restores the
sult of water leakage into the circulating system. They can
HIN NT: 1 to 5 Kg/m3); a pilot test must be performing on Rig site
00psi / 250°F : <4cc). The fluid loss should be low and the filter
effectively the porous zones of the formations crossed. For a
essful operations. Inadequate HPHT filtrate and cake,
re building up in the mud.

e the presence of water in the
y treating the circulating system

C MUL, EMEC CON & EMEC WET) and lime.
er emulsion. Keep it >1000 V. However, lower E.S. readings

uch as undissolved salt. A drop in E.S. readings and
on, which can be remedied by adding emulsifiers (EMEC MUL,
ling of Barite.
gh the bit, compared to a newly
ble formations as long as the internal water phase salinity is high

s the formation.
ems.
ng system. These additions
ke time and high shear before the powder eventually dissolves in
at contains no salinity in the water phase, to the fluid and making

culating system.
, the water content must be accurate for salinity calculations,
lime in the OBM (must be 15

emulsion stability is due to lime deficiency. A decrease in lime
high temperature decomposition of products in the fluid.
ions to reduce the potential for differential sticking. Indeed, the

ideal for Directional Drilling Process. The risk of differential
d by the OBM.
Mud type OBM (CaCO3)
Mud weight (SG) As per SH-DP
Yield value (lbs/100ft2) 12
Low Shear Rate (lbs/100ft2) 6 - 10
Gels 10 sec /10 min 6/10
PV (cP) ALAP
HPHT Fluid Loss 500psi / 250°C <4 cc
OWR 95/05
Electric stability >1000mV
Pb (cc 0.1N H2SO4) 1 – 1.5
% LGS by volume <4

For OBM CaCO3 (OWR 95/05): density = 0.88 SG
Diesel Base fluid 0.872 m3/m3
CLAYTONE II Viscosifier 20
EMULAM RM77 Low Shear Viscosifier 6
LIME Alkalinity control 20
OILYTROL L Non damaging Fluid Loss Reducer 11
FLR-170 Non damaging Fluid Loss Reducer 20

n (Kg/m3)
m3
Surface Volume (Security volume including 60m3 Kill mud) 189
Hole Volume 12
Total Handled Volume 385
Volume to mix 325
OBM received from last section (Kill mud 2.08 SG) 60
OBM received from LMP (90/10 - 0.90 SG - Barite) to cut MW kill mud to 1.50 SG 60
OBM Backloaded to LMP (90/10 , 1.50 SG , Barite) 120
OBM Backloaded to LMP (95/05 , 0.90 SG , CaCO3) 255

Estimated Consumption Estimated Consumption for Total Estimated
Products for built volume 325 m3 (Ton) maintenance/treatment (Ton) Consumption (Ton)
Diesel 284 m3 284 m3
EMEC MUL 0.975 0.975
EMEC CON 0.975 0.975
CLAYTONE II 6.5 0.5 7
EMULAM RM77 1.95 1.5 3.45
NaCl 8.32 8.32
LIME 6.5 6.5
OILYTROL L 3.575 1 4.575
FLR-170 6.5 1 7.5

Total Estimated
Consumption (Ton)
284 m3
0.975
0.975
3.45
8.32
6.5
4.575
7.5
Products Packaging
BARITE Big Bag
Calcium Carbonate Big Bag
NaCl Big Bag
CLAYTONE II Sack
EMULAM RM77 Drum
FLR-170 sack
OILYTROL L Drum
EMEC CON Drum
EMEC MUL Drum
EMEC WET Drum
EMEC THIN NT Drum
EMEC SPOT Drum
LIME Sack
EMEC CARB (M & F) Sack
DYNARED (M & F) Sack
GRAPHITE Sack

The primary concern while drilling this interval will be efficient use of all solids control equipment to
remove drilled solids and maintain the desired fluids properties, this is due to the high drilling rates and the relatively large section
interval.
reduce well costs.
▪ SHALE SHAKERS:
▪ MUD CLEANER:
▪ CENTRIFUGES:
weight and the concentration of fines builds-up of drilled solids (LGS) in
the drilling fluid.
Since the mud weight is high, the first centrifuge must be set at high inflow/low speed rotation in order to strip out the Barite discha
which will be returned to the active system. The centrate from this centrifuge is sent to the second centrifuge which is set at lo
feed/high rotation in order to discharge the
maximum of LGS.
APPENDICES
ENGINEERING GUIDE
Lost Circulation Decision Tree (ARBRE DE DECISION)
EMEC Spot Soaking Solution
EMEC Spot is supplied in 55 gal (208 litres) drums and is an effective soaking solution for freeing differentially stuck pipe.
product is mixed with diesel or crude oil, displaced down hole and then left to
soak across the stuck pipe zone.
The recommended volume of soak solution is the annular volume of the stuck pipe zone plus 50% to allow for hole washo
EMEC Spot pill should be displaced into the annulus to cover the stuck pipe zone, leaving sufficient volume inside the string for pum
small volume (40 litres to 160 litres) every
15 minutes.
EMEC Spot is designed to gradually penetrate, break up and disperse the filter cake that has built up between the drill pipe
permeable formation. Sufficient time must be allowed for this process to take place (6 to 8 hours), while working the pipe at th
time and activating the drilling jars. The differential contact force holding the pipe against the permeable formation will gra
reduce as the contact area decreases due to filter cake disintegration, until tension applied to the drill pipe eventually
releases the stuck pipe.
The EMEC Spot pill should be weighted to the same density as the drilling fluid, in accordance with mixing procedures
EMEC Spot in the EMEC Product Data Sheet. Provided there are no environmental restrictions, the EMEC Spot pill c
incorporated in the drilling fluid after use since it is at the same density, the slight increase in oil content acting as a lubricant to impro
drilling performance.
If there are environmental restrictions the pill may need to be recovered on surface for disposal.
The size of the spotting pill is usually calculated on the annular volume to cover the BHA or the entire annulus across the
permeable formation, with additional volume for displacing out of the string at regular intervals. If the string is stuck higher up the ho
Free-Point Indicator Tool (FPIT) may be run on wire-line to determine the location of the stuck string, as this will facilitate pre
positioning of the
spotting pill.
SURFACE FLUID MANAGEMENT & LOSSES

▪ Surface losses should be reported accurately and the location of the losses shown. Pit levels should be monitored and measure
accurately. Readings should be taken every half hour to estimate losses.
All major increases or decreases should be recorded, noted and explained.
▪ 24 hours surveillance should be kept, especially at the shakers to minimize the amount of fluid lost
over the shakers by improper screen size selection.
▪ Tilt the shaker screens back to 3°. Experience has shown that this can reduce the level of effluent on cuttings by allowing sign
finer screens to be used and enabling a greater volume to be
processed.
▪ When breaking circulation, use low pump rates to give the cold mud time to warm up. If 'bottoms up' can be reached prior to inc
pump rates to maximum this will overcome flooding of the shakers. At least one shaker should be set up with coarse screens
process the flow while the mud is
warming up.
▪ A GRACO GUN should be available by the shakers, ready to wash down the screens in the event of
fine clays or sands blinding the screens. Do not pump the trip tank down over the shakers while circulating.
▪ Effective centrifuging is required to control the level of colloidal solids to avoid a build-up of drill solids. Extremely efficient at rem
fines, the fluid retention times can be kept lower or higher than those of a shaker by controlling the input into the centrifuge, such as
and bowl speed, to produce
drier discharges.
▪ A saver barrel should be fitted when wet tripping. Time lost fitting a mud saver barrel may be
balanced against mud lost on a wet trip.
▪ When slugging pipe prior to pulling out, the density of the slug should be 0.18 SG over the active mud weight when the YP is
15-20lbs/100ft2 and 0.24 SG over the active mud weight when the YP is +20 lbs/100ft2.
▪ All dump valves should be cleaned and checked for leaks and preferably padlocked or at least taped off to prevent leak
accidental dumping. Flow line gates should also be cleaned and
checked for leaks to prevent seepage or major losses to contaminated or 'open' pits.
▪ All surface losses from the drill floor should be returned to the mud system via a drainage system or
with the aid of a liquid recovery unit.
Quantity (T)
100.000
20.000
5.000
3.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
4.000
4.000
1.000
2.000
1.000
5.000
2.000
2.000
1.000
mendations:
will be efficient use of all solids control equipment to
ds properties, this is due to the high drilling rates and the relatively large section of this
eaner, Centrifuges …) must be constantly controlled by the on-site Mud Engineer as per
mpact on the running of the drilling mud, its chemical treatments and dilution rate.
is the primary means of removing the bulk of the drilled
ility of a minimum stock of screens on the Rig site at

er.
0 to 200) and screen up as much as the flow rates will allow.
es permit. This will depend also on the sizing and effectiveness of shale shakers.
will be on standby for the Mud Engineer to use at his discretion to control both the mud
drilled solids (LGS) in
ust be set at high inflow/low speed rotation in order to strip out the Barite discharged
he centrate from this centrifuge is sent to the second centrifuge which is set at low
ENDICES
EERING GUIDE
n Tree (ARBRE DE DECISION)
Soaking Solution
drums and is an effective soaking solution for freeing differentially stuck pipe. The
down hole and then left to
the annular volume of the stuck pipe zone plus 50% to allow for hole washout. The
us to cover the stuck pipe zone, leaving sufficient volume inside the string for pumping a
break up and disperse the filter cake that has built up between the drill pipe and
ed for this process to take place (6 to 8 hours), while working the pipe at the same
ntial contact force holding the pipe against the permeable formation will gradually
ter cake disintegration, until tension applied to the drill pipe eventually
e same density as the drilling fluid, in accordance with mixing procedures for
Sheet. Provided there are no environmental restrictions, the EMEC Spot pill can be
at the same density, the slight increase in oil content acting as a lubricant to improve
need to be recovered on surface for disposal.

ed on the annular volume to cover the BHA or the entire annulus across the
splacing out of the string at regular intervals. If the string is stuck higher up the hole then a
re-line to determine the location of the stuck string, as this will facilitate precise
MANAGEMENT & LOSSES

and the location of the losses shown. Pit levels should be monitored and measured
our to estimate losses.
ed, noted and explained.
ially at the shakers to minimize the amount of fluid lost
.
e has shown that this can reduce the level of effluent on cuttings by allowing significantly
er volume to be
s to give the cold mud time to warm up. If 'bottoms up' can be reached prior to increasing
g of the shakers. At least one shaker should be set up with coarse screens to
akers, ready to wash down the screens in the event of

ot pump the trip tank down over the shakers while circulating.
e level of colloidal solids to avoid a build-up of drill solids. Extremely efficient at removing
higher than those of a shaker by controlling the input into the centrifuge, such as feed rate
tripping. Time lost fitting a mud saver barrel may be
ensity of the slug should be 0.18 SG over the active mud weight when the YP is
eight when the YP is +20 lbs/100ft2.
ecked for leaks and preferably padlocked or at least taped off to prevent leakage or
o be cleaned and
ses to contaminated or 'open' pits.
e returned to the mud system via a drainage system or
ESTIMATED COST (Fluids Services)
26" SECTION
1. MUD PRODUCTS
1.1. Imported Products
Product Unit Cost (USD/T) Estimated consumption (T)
SODA ASH 1,200.00 0.45

CAUSTIC SODA 1,500.00 0.925
POLYTREX 740.00 1.05
XANTHAN GUM 6,100.00 0.625
EMEC LUBE 1,750.00 2
EMEC DETERGENT 1,060.00 2
1.2. Local Products
Product Unit Cost (DZD/T) Estimated consumption
(T)
BENTONITE 18,250.00 72
1.3. Diesel
Product Unit Cost (DZD/m3) Estimated consumption (m3)
Diesel 23,898.10
1.4. Transport Products
Distance (Km) Unit Cost (DZD/Km/T) Estimated consumption (T)
290 7.5 79.05

1.5. Transport Diesel
Distance (Km) Unit Cost (DZD/Km/m3) Estimated consumption (m3)
290 7.5
2. MUD
2.1. Delivered Mud
a. USD PART
Product Unit Cost (USD/m3) Estimated Volume (m3)
b. DZD PART
Product Unit Cost (DZD/m3) Estimated Volume (m3)
2.2. Backloaded Mud

a. USD PART
Total Cost (USD)
USD 540.00
USD 1,387.50
USD 777.00
USD 3,812.50
USD 3,500.00
USD 2,120.00
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 1,314,000.00
Total Cost (DZD)
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 171,933.75
Total Cost (DZD)
Total Cost (USD)
Total Cost (DZD)
Total Cost (USD)

b. DZD PART
Product Unit Cost (DZD/m3) Estimated Volume (m3) Total Cost (DZD)
2.3. Transport Mud

Distance (Km) Unit Cost Estimated Volume (m3) Total Cost (DZD)
(DZD/Km/m3)
290 8
3. SERVICES
3.1. Personnel
Personnel Unit Cost Estimated Day
(DZD/Day)
Technicien Boue Jour 15,000.00 8.6
Technicien Boue Nuit 13,000.00 8.6
Operateur SCE Jour 11,000.00 8.6
Operateur SCE Nuit 8,500.00
3.2. Equipment
a. USD Equipment
Item Unit Cost Estimated Day
(USD/Day)
Cabine Laboratoire Boue 45.00 8.6
Centrifugeuse "High Speed" OPT 55.00
Centrifugeuse "High Speed" STB 33.00 8.6
Centrifugeuse "Low Speed" OPT 55.00
Centrifugeuse "Low Speed" STB 33.00 8.6
b. DZD Equipment
(DZD/Day)
Cuve de stockage Gasoil (60m3) 1,500.00 8.6
Bac de stockage de Boue (>=60m3) 3,000.00 8.6
c. Mob Equipment
Item Unit Cost Distance (Km)
(DZD/Km)
Centrifugeuse "High Speed" 5.00 290
Centrifugeuse "Low Speed" 5.00 290
Cuve de stockage Gasoil (60m3) 5.00 290
Bac de stockage de Boue (>=60m3) 5.00 290
4. TOTAL 26" SECTION COST
USD PART USD 13,091.60
DZD PART DZD 1,865,833.75
Total Cost (DZD)
Total Cost (DZD)
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 129,000.00
DZD 111,800.00
DZD 94,600.00
DZD 0.00
Total Cost (USD)
USD 387.00
USD 0.00
USD 283.80
USD 0.00
USD 283.80
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 12,900.00
DZD 25,800.00
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 1,450.00
DZD 1,450.00
DZD 1,450.00
DZD 1,450.00
16" SECTION
1. MUD PRODUCTS
Product Unit Cost (USD/T) Estimated consumption
(T)
SODA ASH 1,200.00 2.09
CAUSTIC SODA 1,500.00 2.812
POLYTREX 740.00 15.3
EMEC PAC LV 2,260.00 9.42
XANTHAN GUM 6,100.00 2.14
BLACK HEAL 2,400.00 18.18
EMEC BU LATEX 3,200.00 17.37
E-HIB 3,400.00 33.92
EMEC LUBE 1,750.00 28.79
KCl 650.00 59.2
EMEC LUBE RB 4,500.00 3
EMEC DETERGENT 1,060.00 3
SOLTEX 4,600.00 7
DESCO 7,000.00 2
1.2. Local Products
Product Unit Cost (DZD/T) Estimated consumption (T)
BENTONITE 18,250.00 12.3

BARITE 23,565.00 322.096
NaCl 7,000.00 151.7
1.3. Diesel
Product Unit Cost (DZD/m3) Estimated consumption
(m3)
Diesel 23,898.10
Distance (Km) Unit Cost Estimated consumption
(DZD/Km/T) (T)
290 7.5 690.318
(DZD/Km/m3) (m3)
290 7.5
2. MUD
2.1. Delivered Mud
a. USD PART
Total Cost (USD)
USD 2,508.00
USD 4,218.00
USD 11,322.00
USD 21,289.20
USD 13,054.00
USD 43,632.00
USD 55,584.00
USD 115,328.00
USD 50,382.50
USD 38,480.00
USD 13,500.00
USD 3,180.00
USD 32,200.00
USD 14,000.00
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 224,475.00
DZD 7,590,192.24
DZD 1,061,900.00
Total Cost (DZD)
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 1,501,441.65
Total Cost (DZD)
Total Cost (USD)

b. DZD PART
2.2. Backloaded Mud

a. USD PART
Product Unit Cost (USD/m3) Estimated Volume (m3) Total Cost (USD)
b. DZD PART
2.3. Transport Mud

(DZD/Km/m3)
290 8
3. SERVICES
3.1. Personnel
(DZD/Day)
Operateur SCE Nuit 8,500.00 17.3
3.2. Equipment
a. USD Equipment
(USD/Day)
Centrifugeuse "High Speed" OPT 55.00 8.6
Centrifugeuse "Low Speed" OPT 55.00 8.6
b. DZD Equipment
(DZD/Day)
DZD PART DZD 11,277,608.89
Total Cost (DZD)
Total Cost (USD)
Total Cost (DZD)
Total Cost (DZD)
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 259,500.00
DZD 224,900.00
DZD 190,300.00
DZD 147,050.00
Total Cost (USD)
USD 778.50
USD 473.00
USD 287.10
USD 473.00
USD 287.10
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 25,950.00
DZD 51,900.00
12"¼ SECTION
1. MUD PRODUCTS
Product Unit Cost (USD/T) Estimated consumption (T)
EMEC MUL 2,100.00 5.16

EMEC CON 2,100.00 5.64
EMEC WET 3,800.00 4.04
EMEC TONE 780.00 4.68
CLAYTONE II 3,000.00 1.56
EMEC THIN NT 6,000.00 0.72
1.2. Local Products
(T)
Lime 18,750.00 13
BARITE 23,565.00 782
NaCl 7,000.00 11
1.3. Diesel
(m3)
Diesel 23,898.10 275
(DZD/Km/T) (T)
290 7.5 827.8
Distance (Km) Unit Cost (DZD/Km/m3) Estimated consumption (m3)
290 7.5 275

2. MUD
2.1. Delivered Mud
a. USD PART
b. DZD PART
2.2. Backloaded Mud

a. USD PART
Total Cost (USD)
USD 10,836.00
USD 11,844.00
USD 15,352.00
USD 3,650.40
USD 4,680.00
USD 4,320.00
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 243,750.00
DZD 18,427,830.00
DZD 77,000.00
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 6,571,977.50
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 1,800,465.00
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 598,125.00
Total Cost (USD)
Total Cost (DZD)
Total Cost (USD)

b. DZD PART
2.3. Transport Mud

(DZD/Km/m3)
290 8
3. SERVICES
3.1. Personnel
(DZD/Day)
3.2. Equipment
a. USD Equipment
(USD/Day)
b. DZD Equipment
(DZD/Day)
4. TOTAL 12"¼ SECTION COST
DZD PART DZD 28,566,747.50
Total Cost (DZD)
Total Cost (DZD)
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 244,500.00
DZD 211,900.00
DZD 179,300.00
DZD 138,550.00
Total Cost (USD)
USD 733.50
USD 412.50
USD 290.40
USD 412.50
USD 290.40
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 24,450.00
DZD 48,900.00
8"½ SECTION
1. MUD PRODUCTS
(T)
EMEC MUL 2,100.00 0.760
EMEC CON 2,100.00 0.740
EMEC WET 3,800.00 1.440
EMEC TONE 780.00 0.750
CLAYTONE II 3,000.00 0.250
EMEC THIN NT 6,000.00 1.440
1.2. Local Products
Product Unit Cost (DZD/T) Estimated
consumption (T)
Lime 18,750.00 2.000
BARITE 23,565.00
NaCl 7,000.00
1.3. Diesel
Product Unit Cost Estimated
(DZD/m3) consumption (m3)
Diesel 23,898.10
Distance (Km) Unit Cost Estimated
(DZD/Km/T) consumption (T)
290 7.5 7.38
(DZD/Km/m3) (m3)
290 7.5
2. MUD
2.1. Delivered Mud
a. USD PART
Product Unit Cost Estimated Volume (m3)
(USD/m3)
OBM 90/10 - 0.90 SG - Barite 147.00 259
b. DZD PART
Product Unit Cost Estimated Volume
(DZD/m3) (m3)
OBM 90/10 - 0.90 SG - Barite 20,624.00 259
Total Cost (USD)
USD 1,596.00
USD 1,554.00
USD 5,472.00
USD 585.00
USD 750.00
USD 8,640.00
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 37,500.00
Total Cost (DZD)
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 16,051.50
Total Cost (DZD)
Total Cost (USD)
USD 38,073.00
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 5,341,616.00
2.2. Backloaded Mud
a. USD PART
Product Unit Cost Estimated Volume Total Cost (USD)
(USD/m3) (m3)
OBM 90/10 , 1.45 – 1.50 SG , Barite 124.00 444 USD 55,056.00
b. DZD PART
Product Unit Cost Estimated Volume (m3) Total Cost (DZD)
(DZD/m3)
OBM 90/10 , 1.45 – 1.50 SG , Barite 18,282.00 444 DZD 8,117,208.00
2.3. Transport Mud
Distance (Km) Unit Cost Estimated Volume Total Cost (DZD)
(DZD/Km/m3) (m3)
290 8 703 DZD 1,630,960.00
3. SERVICES
3.1. Personnel
(DZD/Day)
3.2. Equipment
a. USD Equipment
(USD/Day)
b. DZD Equipment
(DZD/Day)
4. TOTAL 8"½ SECTION COST
DZD PART -DZD 373,480.50
Total Cost (USD)
USD 55,056.00
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 8,117,208.00
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 1,630,960.00
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 207,000.00
DZD 179,400.00
DZD 151,800.00
DZD 117,300.00
Total Cost (USD)
USD 621.00
USD 357.50
USD 240.90
USD 357.50
USD 240.90
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 20,700.00
DZD 41,400.00
6" SECTION
1. MUD PRODUCTS
(T)
EMEC MUL 2,100.00 0.975
EMEC CON 2,100.00 0.975
CLAYTONE II 3,000.00 7.000
EMULAM RM77 15,000.00 3.450
OILYTROL L 3,950.00 4.575
FLR-170 2,820.00 7.500
1.2. Local Products
(T)
Lime 18,750.00 6.500
NaCl 7,000.00 8.320
1.3. Diesel
(m3)
Diesel 23,898.10 284
(DZD/Km/T) (T)
290 7.5 39.295
Distance (Km) Unit Cost Estimated consumption (m3)
(DZD/Km/m3)
290 7.5 284
2. MUD
2.1. Delivered Mud
a. USD PART
OBM 90/10 - 0.90 SG - Barite 147.00 60
b. DZD PART
OBM 90/10 - 0.90 SG - Barite 20,624.00 60
2.2. Backloaded Mud
a. USD PART
OBM 90/10 , 1.50 SG , Barite 124.00 120
OBM 95/05 , 0.90 SG , CaCO3 90.00 255
Total Cost (USD)
USD 2,047.50
USD 2,047.50
USD 21,000.00
USD 51,750.00
USD 18,071.25
USD 21,150.00
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 121,875.00
DZD 58,240.00
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 6,787,060.40
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 85,466.63
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 617,700.00
Total Cost (USD)

USD 8,820.00
Total Cost (DZD)

DZD 1,237,440.00
Total Cost (USD)

USD 14,880.00
USD 22,950.00
b. DZD PART
OBM 90/10 , 1.50 SG , Barite 18,282.00 120 DZD 2,193,840.00
OBM 95/05 , 0.90 SG , CaCO3 20,815.00 255 DZD 5,307,825.00
2.3. Transport Mud
(DZD/Km/m3)
290 8 435 DZD 1,009,200.00
3. SERVICES
3.1. Personnel
(DZD/Day)
3.2. Equipment
a. USD Equipment
(USD/Day)
Centrifugeuse "High Speed" STB 33.00 25
Centrifugeuse "Low Speed" OPT 55.00
b. DZD Equipment
(DZD/Day)
DZD PART DZD 5,145,317.03
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 2,193,840.00
DZD 5,307,825.00
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 1,009,200.00
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 787,500.00
DZD 682,500.00
DZD 577,500.00
DZD 446,250.00
Total Cost (USD)
USD 2,362.50
USD 1,512.50
USD 825.00
USD 0.00
USD 1,732.50
Total Cost (DZD)
DZD 78,750.00
DZD 157,500.00
TOTAL ESTIMATED WELL COST (FLUIDS SERVICES)
DZD PART USD 46,482,026.67
ESTIMATED COST (WM Services)
Waste management Equipment
SONTRACH - HASSI MESSAOUD
RIG ENF-47
1.Estimated Services and Equipment Cost for 26" Interval for

(Well :OMLZ-42)
Description Unit / day Unit Price

1. Personnel
Operateur Equipment WM Jour Day 11,500 DA
Operateur Equipment WM Nuit Day 8,500 DA
Heleper 1 Day 8,000 DA
Helper 2 Day 8,000 DA
Subtotal (Personnel)
2. WM Equipment
Package drying process OPT $230
STB $138
STD $92
Package Water reccycling And Reuse OPT $87
WM Cabin Day $20
Subtotal (WM Equipment)
3.Additional Equipment
Backhoe+ 2 drivers Operating 18,000 DZD
Standby 10,800 DZD
Subtotal (Others)
4.Pit Liner
Pit liner- HDPE DZD/M2 479 DA
Liner Installation DZD/M2 134 DA
Subtotal ( Pit Liner)
5.Moblization
Package drying process/ Mobilization DZD/Km 5 DA
Package Water reccycling And Reuse Mobilization DZD/Km 5 DA
Chargeur Avec Deux 02 Chauffeur Mobilization DZD/Km 5 DA
5. Subtotal ( Mobilization)
Estimated cost for equipment USD
Estimated cost for equipment and services DA
2. Estimated Services and Equipment Cost for 16" Interval Cost For
(Well :OMLZ-42)
2. Estimated Services and Equipment Cost for 16" Interval Cost For
(Well :OMLZ-42)

1. Personnel
Helper -1 8,000 DA
Helper-2 Day 8,000 DA
2. WM Equipment
STB $138
STD $92
WM Cabin Day $20
Standby 10,800 DZD
Subtotal (Others)
4.Pit Liner
Liner Installation DZD/M2 134 DA
5.Moblization
Package Water reccycling And Reuse DZD/Km 5 DA
ment Equipment
SSI MESSAOUD
NF-47
erval for
TOTAL Drilling Inter - Phase
Days 4.8 3.8
No. of Units Total Cost
8 92,000.00 DZD
0 0.00 DZD
0 0.00 DZD
8 64,000.00 DZD
156,000.00 DZD
0 $0
8 $1,104
0 $0
8 $696
8 $160
$1,960
0 - DZD
0 - DZD
- DZD
1750 838,250.00 DZD

1750 234,500.00 DZD
1,072,750.00 DZD
298.5 1,493 DZD

298.5 1,493 DZD
298.5 1,493 DZD
4,478 DZD
$1,960.00
1,233,227.50 DZD
val Cost For
Days 8.6 8.7
val Cost For
18 207,000.00 DZD
0 0.00 DZD
0 0.00 DZD
18 144,000.00 DZD
351,000.00 DZD
0 $0
18 $2,484
0 $0
18 $1,566
18 $360
$4,410
0 - DZD
0 - DZD
- DZD
- DZD
- DZD
0.00 DZD
0 DZD
0 DZD
0 DZD
0 DZD
$4,410.00
351,000.00 DZD
3.Estimated Services and Equipment Cost for 121/4" Interval Cost for
(Well :OMLZ-42)

1. Personnel
Helper -1 8,000 DA
2. WM Equipment
STB $138
STD $92
WM Cabin Day $20
Standby 10,800 DZD
Subtotal (Others)
4.Pit Liner
Liner Installation DZD/M 2
134 DA
5.Moblization
4.Estimated Services and Equipment Cost for 81/2" Interval for
(Well :OMLZ-42)

1. Personnel
Helper -1 8,000 DA
2. WM Equipment
STB $138
STD $92
WM Cabin Day $20
Standby 10,800 DZD
Subtotal (Others)
4.Pit Liner
134 DA
5.Moblization
rval Cost for
Days 7.5 8.8
17 195,500.00 DZD
17 144,500.00 DZD
17 136,000.00 DZD
17 136,000.00 DZD
612,000.00 DZD
6 $1,380
11 $1,518
0 $0
17 $1,479
17 $340
$4,717
10 180,000.00 DZD
8 86,400.00 DZD
266,400.00 DZD
0 - DZD
0 - DZD
0.00 DZD
0 0 DZD
0 0 DZD
0 0 DZD
0 DZD
$4,717.00
878,400.00 DZD
nterval for
Days 6.5 7.3
14 161,000.00 DZD
14 119,000.00 DZD
14 112,000.00 DZD
14 112,000.00 DZD
504,000.00 DZD
6 $1,380
8 $1,104
0 $0
14 $1,218
14 $280
$3,982
0 - DZD
0 - DZD
- DZD
0 - DZD
0 - DZD
0.00 DZD
0 0 DZD
0 0 DZD
0 0 DZD
0 DZD
$3,982.00
504,000.00 DZD
5. Estimated Services and Equipment Cost for 6" Interval for
(Well :OMLZ-42)

1. Personnel
Helper -1 Day 8,000 DA
2. WM Equipment
STB $138
STD $92
WM Cabin Day $20
Standby 10,800 DZD
Subtotal (Others)
4.Pit Liner
134 DA
5.Moblization
7.Estimated Services and Equipment Cost Summary

(Well :OMLZ-42)

1. Personnel
Helper -1 Day 8,000 DA
2. WM Equipment
OPT $230
Package drying process STB $138
STD $92
WM Cabin Day $20
Standby 10,800 DZD
Subtotal (Others)
4.Pit Liner
134 DA
5.Moblization
Package Water reccycling And Reuse Mobilization DZD/Km 5 DA
Estimated cost for equipment and services DZD
erval for
TOTAL Drilling Logging &Complettion
Days 27.5 25
52 598,000.00 DZD
15 127,500.00 DZD
27 216,000.00 DZD
52 416,000.00 DZD
1,357,500.00 DZD
10 $2,300
17 $2,346
0 $0
52 $4,524
52 $1,040
$10,210
13 234,000.00 DZD
14 151,200.00 DZD
385,200.00 DZD
0 - DZD
0 - DZD
0.00 DZD
0 0 DZD
0 0 DZD
0 0 DZD
0 DZD
$10,210.00
1,742,700.00 DZD
TOTAL Drilling Logging & Completion

Days 84 25
109
109 1,253,500.00 DZD
46 391,000.00 DZD
58 464,000.00 DZD
109 872,000.00 DZD
2,980,500.00 DZD
22 $5,060
36 $4,968
10 $920
115 $10,005
115 $2,300
$23,253
23 414,000.00 DZD
22 237,600.00 DZD
651,600.00 DZD
1750 838,250.00 DZD

1750 234,500.00 DZD
1,072,750.00 DZD
298.5 1,493 DZD

298.5 1,493 DZD
298.5 1,493 DZD
4,478 DZD
$23,253.00
4,709,327.50 DZD
\
MUD LAB TESTS : EMEC HEAL FOR 16” SECTION
Drilling Fluid Program. Well: OMLZ-42 (Rig: ENF-47)
HPWBM (EMEC HEAL) Option (16” section)
Contract N°12/SH-EP-FOR-OPR/2022
EMEC HEAL (HPWBM) 1,45 SG

WELL: OMLZ-42
16'' section
15/02/2023
AS PER EMEC
STANDARD METHOD
Mohamed Salim Salmi
EMEC HASSI MESSAOUD LABORATORY

EGYPTIAN MUD ENGINEERING & CHEMICALS CO
1- Test background:
Request was submitted to check formulation HPWBM (EMEC HEAL) with density 1,45 sg
for 16'' section in order to prepare to the well OMLZ-42 (rig ENF 47).
2- Work description:
Preparation of basic mud
a) Prepared EMEC HEAL formulation with density 1,45 sg.
b) Ran mud check:

 Rheology at 120°F.
 API 100 Psi.
 PH
c) Report detailed results.

3- Equipment's identification:
 Viscometer 6 speeds, model 35A,
 Hamilton Beach mixer.
 PH Meter.
91
BM) 1,45 SG
Salmi
TORY
CO
density 1,45 sg
())
4- Work results:
4-1-Formulaion: Mud formulations: the recipe to mix 1 CUBIC METER of EMEC HEAL (1,45 Sg) was as follows
Chemical Product 16 "
WATER 716
BENTONITE 15
SODA ASH 0,72
CAUSTIC SODA 1,6
POLYTREX 15
PAC LV 6
XANTHAN GUM 2
BLACK HEAL 11
EMEC BU LATEX 10,5
EMEC LUBE 35,11
Barite 392,8
KCL 6% 60
NaCl 185
E-HIB 30
4-2-1- MIXING PROCEDURES:

1. In the mixing cup add the required quantity of Soda Ash and bentonite Low speed.
2. To the mixing cup Caustic Soda and Sodium Chloride Low speed,
3. Add successively Polytrex, Pac LV, XANTHAN GUM, EMEC Bu Latex, EMEC LUBE. Low speed
4. Add the amount of weighting agent, low speed for 15 minutes.
5. Finally add the required quantity of Potassium Chloride and mix for 5 minutes, Low speed
6. After the specified time, the sample was removed from mixer and hot rolled at specefic tempearatu
16 h..
After 16 hours of hot rolling, sample was remixed on the mixer for 20 minutes low speed
immediately prior to testing.
5- Results:
to mix 1 CUBIC METER of EMEC HEAL
(1,45 Sg) was as follows
tity of Soda Ash and bentonite Low speed.

dium Chloride Low speed,
ANTHAN GUM, EMEC Bu Latex, EMEC LUBE. Low speed
w speed for 15 minutes.
assium Chloride and mix for 5 minutes, Low speed
was removed from mixer and hot rolled at specefic tempearature for
as remixed on the mixer for 20 minutes low speed

5-1- Results before and after 16 hours hot rolling@ 200 °F :
Mud Parameters Units Parameters Results
Requested BHR
Sections '' 16
Mud Wt @ 70°F sg 1,45
θ 600 RPM/ θ 300 RPM 80/53
θ 200 RPM/ θ 100 RPM 46/31
θ 6 RPM/ θ 3 RPM 8/7
G0/ G10 Lb/100 ft2 7/10
PV @ 150°F cP ALAP 27
YP @ 150°F Lb/100 ft2 18-24 26
API Filtrate 100 psi cc/30min <5 3.6
PH 9,5-10 10
KCl % 6 6
Durete de l'eau <300
Mud Lubricity 0,15-0,18
MBT Eq Bentonite 15 15
solid % 22
Oil % 2
Water % 76
Salinity % by weight
LGS % <5
Date: 15.02.2022
Results
AHR
16
1,45
72/48
37/25
5/4
5/7
24
24
9.5
15
22
76
HOLE CLEANING SIMULATION (16” SECTION): NUMERICAL RESULTS
92
EMEC Hole C leanin gp rocessor - [C•\p rogram Files (x 86)\EMEC Hole C leanin gp roc essor\OMLZ-42.hc p]
,e*, File View Run Window Help
’ .t ’
¥': Input Data ¥./ Numerical Results Cuttings Bed Cross Sections
Flow rate (gpm) 740.D

Rate of penetration (rn'’h) Pipe rotation 14.0
(rpm) 100.0
Fluid density (ppq) Yield point (Ib’100 12.1
Plastic‘zisoosit/ (cFj Cuttings density 24.0
(sq) Cuttinge size (mm) 2Æ0
2.3
2D
(in) (in)
b3u.Uj
U.OU UUU
U.0U| UU0
Id U 1JU U UO
Re u t Set Re u t Set 2 Re u t Set Re t Set Re u t Set Re u t Set 6 Re u t Set R
Numerica I ResuIts
(in) Anne(
UUU Il. 14
UU0 0.Œ 11.4 I
U UO J 4ÏJo
Il. 14 I .2J
IJ II I '-lo J I Z II
EMEC HPWBM EXPERIENCE
EMEC Free Zone. S

Expérience d’utilisation des Systèmes de Boue "HPWBM"
Introduction :
EMEC Free Zone S.A.E. a développé des systèmes HPWBM qui relèvent les défis des puits auxquels sont confrontés ses cl
travers plusieurs régions. Poussée par son engagement à résoudre ces défis, les systèmes HPWBM d’EMEC ont été conçus selo
besoins intrinsèques de chaque client et la nature des formations traversées lors du forage des puits. Ainsi, ces systèmes
prouvé leur efficacité même lors du forage des formations d’argiles hautement réactives sans encourir les coûts
élevés des systèmes à base d’huile et tout en étant respectueux de l’environnement.
Dans le même sens, EMEC Free Zone S.A.E. a réalisé pour le compte de SONATRACH Division Forage, une ét
substitution du système OBM utilisé actuellement pour le forage des puits dans la région BERKINE par un système HPWBM. C
étude comprenait entre autres, la caractérisation des formations traversées des sections intermédiaires ( SHALE TESTING
par conséquence
l’élaboration d’un système HPWBM adéquat.
EMEC Free Zone S.A.E. présente dans ce chapitre les détails de quelques puits réalisés par des systèmes HPWBM
(PERM DRILL system & ULIF system), ainsi que l’étude de substitution du
système OBM par un système HPWBM optimisé pour le forage des puits dans la région de BERKINE :
1. Détails récapitulatifs du puits SES-11(PERM DRILL system)

2. Détails récapitulatifs du puits NS 394-3 (ULIF system)
3. L’étude de substitution du système OBM par un système HPWBM dans la région de BERKINE, élaborée pour le comp
SONATRACH Division Forage.
93
EMEC Free Zone. S. A. E

PWBM"
auxquels sont confrontés ses clients à

BM d’EMEC ont été conçus selon les
des puits. Ainsi, ces systèmes ont
encourir les coûts
ACH Division Forage, une étude de

KINE par un système HPWBM. Cette
médiaires (SHALE TESTING) et
isés par des systèmes HPWBM
RKINE :
ERKINE, élaborée pour le compte de

EMEC
General Drilling Fluids Recap
Operator name : General Petroleum
Company"GPC"
Well name : SES-11
March, 2021
General Petroleum Company"GPC", Egypt Page 1 of 101
ap
March, 2021
EMEC Well Data Processor
Well Data Synopsis
Tuesday, March 02, 2021
Egyptian Mud Engineering & Chemicals Co.
SES-11
Operator Well General Petroleum Company"GPC" SES-11 Rig Name EDC-73
Name Well Development Field Sannan Sannan Western
Function Location Desert Egypt
Contractor State
Country
Well Sections Data

Well Section Interval Size (in) Fluid Type Top MD (m) Bottom MD (m) Casing Set
Original 17.50 WATER 0.00 488.00 Casing - 13.375 (in); 0.00 - 488
(m)
Original 17.50 WATER 488.00 488.00
Original 12.25 WATER 488.00 510.00
Original 12.25 KCl / Polymer Mud 510.00 679.00
Original 12.25 WATER & HI VIS 679.00 679.00 Casing - 9.625 (in); 0.00 - 679.
(m)
Original 8.50 WATER & HI VIS 679.00 1,500.00
Original 8.50 1,500.00 2,276.00 Liner - 7.000 (in); 621.00 - 2,2

PERM DRILL (m)
Original 6.00 2,276.00 2,640.00 Liner - 5.000 (in); 2,200.00 -
PERM DRILL 2,585.00 (m)
Mud Engineers Mohamed AbdelAty, Karim Hamdy, Salah Tolan, Ahmed Nagy.
Mud Cost ($)
Avg Cost per Depth ($/m)
Avg Cost per Day ($)

Spud Date 29-Jan-21
T.D Date T.D, m 28-Feb-21
Total Days 2,640.00
Total Drilled, m 31
2,640.00
Casing Set
Casing - 13.375 (in); 0.00 - 488.00

(m)
Casing - 9.625 (in); 0.00 - 679.00

(m)
Liner - 7.000 (in); 621.00 - 2,276.00

(m)
Liner - 5.000 (in); 2,200.00 -
2,585.00 (m)
Nagy.
Operator General Petroleum Company"GPC" Field Sannan
Well Name SES-11 Location Sannan
Rig Name EDC-73 Country Egypt
Interval Size in 17.5 17.5 12.25 12.25
Fluid Type Spud Mud WATER & HI VIS WATER & HI VIS KCl / Polymer Mud
INITIAL bbl 0.00 416.07 550.02 758.81
Mud Mixed bbl 3,052.02 108.12 1,061.81 7,882.58
Water Dilution bbl 420.00 800.00 4,100.00 1,400.00
Oil Dilution bbl 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Chemicals Added bbl 74.05 25.82 203.98 67.87
Mud Recieved bbl 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Handled Volume bbl 3,546.07 1,350.02 5,915.81 10,109.25
Shakers bbl 130.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
SCE bbl 140.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Dumped bbl 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Formation bbl 2,710.00 800.00 5,157.00 8,354.13
Left In Hole bbl 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.00
Mud Returned bbl 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Total Volume Lost bbl 3,130.00 800.00 5,157.00 8,384.13
To Next Interval bbl 416.07 550.02 758.81 1,725.12
Spud Date 29.Jan.2021
T.D Date 28.Feb.2021
T.D, m 2,640.00
12.25 12.25 8.5 8.5
KCl / Polymer Mud WATER & HI VIS WATER & HI VIS Perm Drill
758.81 1,725.12 1,038.27 1,797.00
7,882.58 0.00 1,227.89 4,151.53
1,400.00 200.00 600.00 50.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 45.00
67.87 0.00 0.00 141.95
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10,109.25 1,925.12 2,866.16 6,185.47
0.00 0.00 70.00 175.00
0.00 0.00 50.00 50.00
0.00 136.84 839.16 1,435.18
8,354.13 750.00 110.00 2,494.00
30.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
8,384.13 886.84 1,069.16 4,219.18
1,725.12 1,038.28 1,797.00 1,966.29
Interval Size in 6
Fluid Type
INITIAL bbl 1,946.95
Mud Mixed bbl 187.53
Water Dilution bbl 0.00
Oil Dilution bbl 0.00
Chemicals Added bbl 94.28
Mud Recieved bbl 0.00
Total Handled Volume bbl 2,228.76
Shakers bbl 75.00
SCE bbl 40.00
Dumped bbl 610.43
Formation bbl 80.00
Left In Hole bbl 0.00
Mud Returned bbl 0.00
Total Volume Lost bbl 835.43
To Next Interval bbl 1,393.33
T.D, m 2,640.00
6
Perm Drill
1,946.95
187.53
0.00
0.00
94.28
0.00
2,228.76
75.00
40.00
610.43
80.00
0.00
0.00
835.43
1,393.33
Lithology & Formation Tops
SES-11
Operator General Petroleum Company"GPC" Rig Name EDC-73 Spud Date
Well Name SES-11 Field Sannan T.D Date
Well Section Original Location Sannan T.D, m
Country Egypt
MD, m TVD, m Stratigraphy

Top Bottom Top Bottom Age Formation Member
0.00 488.00 0.00 487.99 Moghra
488.00 635.00 487.99 634.97 Dabaa
635.00 990.00 634.97 981.42 APOLLONIA
990.00 1,270.00 981.42 1,206.75 APOLLONIA
1,270.00 1,377.00 1,206.75 1,279.99 APOLLONIA
1,377.00 1,630.00 1,279.99 1,452.91 KHOMAN
1,630.00 1,804.00 1,452.91 1,571.78 KHOMAN
1,804.00 1,970.00 1,571.78 1,684.91 ABU ROASH A
1,970.00 2,109.00 1,684.91 1,779.81 ABU ROASH D
2,109.00 2,254.00 1,779.81 1,878.76 ABU ROASH E
2,254.00 2,298.00 1,878.76 1,908.81 ABU ROASH F
2,298.00 2,474.00 1,908.81 2,029.15 ABU ROASH G
2,474.00 2,640.00 2,029.15 2,142.27 Bharaiya

T.D, m 2,640.00
ratigraphy
Lithology Rock Symbol
Sand
Shale
Limestone
Cherty
Limestone
Limestone
Chalky
Limestone
Shale
Limestone
Limestone
Shale
Limestone
Sandy Shale
Sandstone
Country Egypt
MD, m TVD, m Inclination, deg Azimuth, deg

0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0
9.50 9.50 0.0 0.0
280.00 280.00 0.3 0.0
348.00 348.00 0.5 0.0
377.00 377.00 0.1 0.0
464.00 463.99 1.1 0.0
491.00 490.99 0.5 0.0
578.00 577.98 0.9 0.0
691.00 690.96 1.4 141.4
720.00 719.94 2.6 121.5
748.00 747.89 4.3 110.5
777.00 776.75 6.7 112.3
806.00 805.48 9.1 112.0
835.00 834.02 11.2 109.3
863.00 861.39 13.2 108.7
892.00 889.45 15.9 109.2
921.00 917.17 18.3 109.5
949.00 943.56 20.7 110.6
978.00 970.49 22.9 110.8
1,005.00 995.09 25.7 110.6
1,034.00 1,020.96 28.0 111.0
1,063.00 1,046.30 30.2 111.0
1,092.00 1,071.03 32.8 111.0
1,120.00 1,094.24 35.2 110.8
1,149.00 1,117.59 37.5 110.7
1,178.00 1,140.17 40.2 110.5
1,207.00 1,161.98 42.3 110.6
1,236.00 1,183.05 44.5 110.8
1,265.00 1,203.32 46.8 110.7
1,294.00 1,223.21 46.6 111.0
1,322.00 1,242.44 46.6 111.4
1,351.00 1,262.30 47.0 111.4
1,380.00 1,282.04 47.2 111.7
1,408.00 1,301.13 46.8 111.6
1,437.00 1,320.98 46.8 111.7
1,466.00 1,340.82 46.9 112.7
1,494.00 1,359.93 47.0 112.2
1,523.00 1,379.75 46.8 112.6
1,552.00 1,399.60 46.8 111.7
1,581.00 1,419.43 46.9 110.8
1,610.00 1,439.25 46.9 111.3
1,639.00 1,459.06 46.9 111.2
1,667.00 1,478.23 46.7 110.4
1,696.00 1,498.08 46.9 110.7
1,724.00 1,517.23 46.8 111.3
1,753.00 1,537.06 46.9 112.0
T.D, m 2,640.00
Hor. Displacement, deg

0.00
0.00
0.71
1.18
1.33
2.25
2.62
3.69
5.95
6.97
8.65
11.43
15.42
20.53
26.44
33.73
42.26
51.60
62.37
73.48
86.58
100.69
115.84
131.50
148.68
166.88
186.00
205.92
226.66
247.76
268.11
289.25
310.49
330.97
352.11
373.27
393.73
414.90
436.04
457.20
478.38
499.55
519.96
541.10
561.53
582.69
Country Egypt
MD, m TVD, m Inclination, deg Azimuth, deg

1,782.00 1,556.84 47.1 111.9
1,810.00 1,575.85 47.4 111.9
1,839.00 1,595.57 46.9 112.4
1,868.00 1,615.37 47.0 111.9
1,896.00 1,634.45 47.1 110.6
1,925.00 1,654.20 47.0 111.0
1,954.00 1,673.98 47.0 111.8
1,982.00 1,693.10 46.9 111.9
2,011.00 1,712.91 46.9 110.7
2,039.00 1,732.04 46.9 111.0
2,068.00 1,751.84 47.0 111.2
2,097.00 1,771.62 47.0 111.2
2,126.00 1,791.41 46.9 111.5
2,155.00 1,811.23 46.9 111.8
2,183.00 1,830.34 47.0 111.2
2,212.00 1,850.12 47.0 111.5
2,241.00 1,869.90 47.0 112.1
2,266.00 1,886.95 47.0 112.1
2,290.00 1,903.35 46.8 112.4
2,318.00 1,922.48 47.0 111.9
2,347.00 1,942.28 46.9 110.6
2,376.00 1,962.09 46.9 111.3
2,405.00 1,981.94 46.7 111.2
2,434.00 2,001.81 46.8 111.6
2,462.00 2,020.96 46.9 111.8
2,491.00 2,040.74 47.1 111.1
2,520.00 2,060.48 47.1 111.1
2,548.00 2,079.54 47.1 111.3
2,576.00 2,098.62 47.0 111.5
2,605.00 2,118.40 47.0 111.4
T.D, m 2,640.00
Hor. Displacement, deg

603.90
624.46
645.72
666.91
687.40
708.63
729.84
750.30
771.48
791.92
813.11
834.32
855.51
876.69
897.15
918.36
939.57
957.85
975.38
995.82
1,017.01
1,038.19
1,059.33
1,080.45
1,100.88
1,122.09
1,143.33
1,163.84
1,184.34
1,205.55
Well History Report

SES-11
Operator General Petroleum Company"GPC" Rig Name EDC-73 Spud Date 29.Jan.2021
Well Name SES-11 Field Sannan T.D Date 28.Feb.2021
Well Function Development Location Sannan T.D, m 2,640.00
Well Section Original State Western Desert
Contractor Country Egypt
Report Number 22 23 24 25 26 27
Date 19.02.2021 23:59 20.02.2021 23:59 21.02.2021 23:59 22.02.2021 23:59 23.02.2021 23:59 24.02.2021 23:59
Hole Size in 8.5 8.5 8.5 6 6 6
Fluid Type Perm Drill Perm Drill Perm Drill Perm Drill Perm Drill
MD/TVD m 2,276.00 / 1,893.78 2,276.00 / 1,893.78 2,276.00 / 1,893.78 2,276.00 / 1,893.78 2,585.00 / 2,104.76 2,640.00 / 2,142.27
Progress m 0 0 0 0 309 55
Formation Drilled ABU ROASH ABU ROASH ABU ROASH ABU ROASH ABU ROASH; Bhar Bharaiya
Lithology Limestone Limestone Limestone Limestone Limestone; Sandy Sandstone
Deviation Angle deg 46.9 46.9 46.9 46.9 47.1 47
FLUID PROPERTIES Units
Sample Source Flow Line Flow Line Active Pit Active Pit Flow Line Flow Line
Flow Line Temp F 105 105 120 120
Mud Weight lb/gal 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.9 9.9
Funnel Viscosity sec/Qrt 47 47 43 44 42 42
Flow Rate gal/min 297.9 744.7 0 0 330.6 309.2
600 RPM / 300 RPM 34 / 26 34 / 26 17 / 13 21 / 16 27 / 20 30 / 22
200 RPM / 100 RPM 53 / 40 53 / 40 29 / 21 34 / 25 44 / 32 49 / 36
6 RPM / 3 RPM 9/8 9/8 5/4 6/5 7/6 8/7
Rheology Temp F 120 120 120 120 120 120
PV cP 13 13 8 9 12 13
YP / LSYP lb/100ft2 27 / 7 27 / 7 13 / 3 16 / 4 20 / 5 23 / 6
Gel Strength 10 sec / 10 min lb/100ft2 9 / 12 9 / 12 5/7 6/8 7/9 8 / 11
Gel Strength 30 min lb/100ft2
API Fluid Loss ml/30min 4.2 4.2 4.4 4.4 3.2 3
HTHP Filtrate ml/30min
Cake API/HTHP 1/32nd in
Sand Content Vol %
Retort Oil Vol % 2 2 2 1 6 6
Retort Water Vol % 88 88 88 88 81 81
Retort Solids Vol % 10 10 10 11 13 13
Corrected Solids Vol % 6.58 6.58 6.02 7.23 8.54 8.54
pH 10 10 9.5 10 10 10
MBT (Eq. Bentonite) ppb 5 5 5 5 5 5
Alkalinity Mud (Pm) 1 1 0.9 1 1 1
Alkalinity Filtrate (Pf) / (Mf) 0.30 / 0.40 0.30 / 0.40 0.20 / 0.30 0.30 / 0.40 0.30 / 0.40 0.30 / 0.40
Chlorides mg/l 115000 115000 120000 120000 150000 150000
Total Hardness mg/l 400 400 480 400 440 400
KCL ppb 28.4 28.4 21.3 24.85 31.95 31.95
Alkalinity Mud (Pom)
Lime Content ppb
Emulsion Stability V
Oil Ratio
Water Ratio
Whole Mud Chloride (OBM) ppb
Water Phase Chloride (OBM) ppb
Bentonite Vol % 0.45 0.45 0.43 0.38 0.37 0.37
Bentonite ppb 4.06 4.06 3.91 3.5 3.41 3.41
Drilled solids Vol % 0.99 0.99 1.13 1.54 1.63 1.63
Drilled solids ppb 9.16 9.16 10.49 14.31 15.1 15.1
HGS Vol % 5.14 5.14 4.46 5.30 6.54 6.54
HGS ppb 48.86 48.86 42.36 50.36 62.08 62.08
Aw
VOLUME ANALYSIS
Hole bbl 532.44 352.22 352.22 313.55 342.39 393.98
Active Pits bbl 368.23 461.57 426.57 690.07 848.55 860.13
Reserve Pits bbl 1188.7 1223.16 1168.16 672.34 627.65 530.77
TOTAL HANDLED VOLUME bbl 2509.37 2877.65 2036.95 1979.38 1868.58 1854.89
ADDITIONS
Initial Volume bbl 1940.01 2089.37 2036.95 1946.95 1675.95 1818.58
Mud Mixed bbl 547.85 788.16 0 32.43 126.98 28.12
Water (Dilution) bbl 0 0 0 0 0 0
Oil (Dilution) bbl 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chemicals bbl 21.5 0.12 0 0 65.65 8.18
Mud Received bbl 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gain bbl 0 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL ADDITION bbl 569.36 788.28 0 32.43 192.63 36.3
LOSSES
Shakers bbl 20 20 0 0 30 35
S.C.Eq. bbl 0 0 0 0 20 20
Formation bbl 350 789 35 0 0 0
Dumped bbl 0 12.35 55 303.42 0 0
Trip bbl 420 821.35 90 303.42 50 70
Left in Hole bbl 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mud Returned bbl 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other bbl 0 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL LOSSES bbl 420 821.35 90 303.42 50 70
Final Volume bbl 2089.37 2056.3 1946.95 1675.96 1818.58 1784.89
R.O.P m/h 0 0 0 0 27 0
Total Drilling Hours 23:00 12:00
From Report 1 - 29.01.202
To Report 31 - 28.02.20
Report Depth, m 2,640.00
Total Days 31
Total Drilled, m 2,640.00
27 28
24.02.2021 23:59 25.02.2021 23:59
6 6
Perm Drill Perm Drill
2,640.00 / 2,142.27 2,640.00 / 2,142.27
55 0
Bharaiya
Sandstone
47 47
Flow Line Flow Line

120 120
9.9 9.9
42 42
309.2 0
30 / 22 30 / 22
49 / 36 49 / 36
8/7 8/7
120 120
13 13
23 / 6 23 / 6
8 / 11 8 / 11
3 3
6 6
81 81
13 13
8.54 8.54
10 10
5 5
1 1
0.30 / 0.40 0.30 / 0.40
150000 150000
400 400
31.95 31.95
0.37 0.37
3.41 3.41
1.63 1.63
15.1 15.1
6.54 6.54
62.08 62.08
393.98 393.98
860.13 845.13
530.77 530.77
1854.89 1784.89
1818.58 1784.89
28.12 0
0 0
0 0
8.18 0
0 0
0 0
36.3 0
35 0
20 0
0 0
0 0
70 15
0 0
0 0
0 0
70 15
1784.89 1769.89
0 0
12:00
Well History Report
SES-11
Operator General Petroleum Company"GPC" Rig Name EDC-73 Spud Date 29.Jan.2021
Well Name SES-11 Field Sannan T.D Date 28.Feb.2021
Well Function Development Location Sannan T.D, m 2,640.00
Well Section Original State Western Desert
Contractor Country Egypt
Report Number 29 30 31
Date 26.02.2021 23:59 27.02.2021 23:59 28.02.2021 23:59
Hole Size in 6 6 6
Fluid Type Perm Drill Perm Drill
MD/TVD m 2,640.00 / 2,142.27 2,640.00 / 2,142.27 2,640.00 / 2,142.27
Progress m 0 0 0
Formation Drilled
Lithology
Deviation Angle deg 47 47 47
FLUID PROPERTIES Units
Sample Source Flow Line Flow Line Flow Line
Flow Line Temp F 90 90 90
Mud Weight lb/gal 10.1 10.1 10.1
Funnel Viscosity sec/Qrt 49 49 49
Flow Rate gal/min 0 0 0
600 RPM / 300 RPM 32 / 24 32 / 24 32 / 24
200 RPM / 100 RPM 52 / 38 52 / 38 52 / 38
6 RPM / 3 RPM 9/8 9/8 9/8
Rheology Temp F 120 120 120
PV cP 14 14 14
YP / LSYP lb/100ft2 24 / 7 24 / 7 24 / 7
Gel Strength 10 sec / 10 min lb/100ft2 9 / 12 9 / 12 9 / 12
Gel Strength 30 min lb/100ft2
API Fluid Loss ml/30min 2.8 2.8 2.8
HTHP Filtrate ml/30min
Cake API/HTHP 1/32nd in
Sand Content Vol %
Retort Oil Vol % 6 6 6
Retort Water Vol % 79 79 79
Retort Solids Vol % 15 15 15
Corrected Solids Vol % 10.65 10.65 10.65
pH 10 10 10
MBT (Eq. Bentonite) ppb 5 5 5
Alkalinity Mud (Pm) 1 1 1
Alkalinity Filtrate (Pf) / (Mf) 0.30 / 0.40 0.30 / 0.40 0.30 / 0.40
Chlorides mg/l 150000 150000 150000
Total Hardness mg/l 400 400 400
KCL ppb 31.95 31.95 31.95
Alkalinity Mud (Pom)
Lime Content ppb
Emulsion Stability V
Oil Ratio
Water Ratio
Whole Mud Chloride (OBM) ppb
Water Phase Chloride (OBM) ppb
Bentonite Vol % 0.3 0.3 0.3
Bentonite ppb 2.7 2.7 2.7
Drilled solids Vol % 2.33 2.33 2.33
Drilled solids ppb 21.65 21.65 21.65
HGS Vol % 8.02 8.02 8.02
HGS ppb 76.18 76.18 76.18
Aw
VOLUME ANALYSIS
Hole bbl 393.98 371.75 371.75
Active Pits bbl 889.95 773.46 773.46
Reserve Pits bbl 506.4 248.11 248.11
TOTAL HANDLED VOLUME bbl 1790.34 1790.34 1393.32
ADDITIONS
Initial Volume bbl 1769.89 1790.34 1393.32
Mud Mixed bbl 0 0 0
Water (Dilution) bbl 0 0 0
Oil (Dilution) bbl 0 0 0
Chemicals bbl 20.45 0 0
Mud Received bbl 0 0 0
Gain bbl 0 0 0
TOTAL ADDITION bbl 20.45 0 0
LOSSES
Shakers bbl 0 10 0
S.C.Eq. bbl 0 0 0
Formation bbl 0 80 0
Dumped bbl 0 307.01 0
Trip bbl 0 397.01 0
Left in Hole bbl 0 0 0
Mud Returned bbl 0 0 0
Other bbl 0 0 0
TOTAL LOSSES bbl 0 397.01 0
Final Volume bbl 1790.34 1393.33 1393.32
R.O.P m/h 0 0 0
Total Drilling Hours
From Report 1 - 29.01.202
To Report 31 - 28.02.20
Report Depth, m 2,640.00
Total Days 31
Total Drilled, m 2,640.00
31
28.02.2021 23:59
6
Perm Drill
2,640.00 / 2,142.27
0
47
Flow Line
90
10.1
49
0
32 / 24
52 / 38
9/8
120
14
24 / 7
9 / 12
2.8
6
79
15
10.65
10
5
1
0.30 / 0.40
150000
400
31.95
0.3
2.7
2.33
21.65
8.02
76.18
371.75
773.46
248.11
1393.32
1393.32
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1393.32
0
SES-11
Well Name Well SES-11 Field Sannan Sannan Western T.D Date T.D, m
Function Development Location Desert Total Days
Contractor State Egypt Total Drilled, m
Country
Report No. 22 Date 19.Feb.2021 Activity Run casing Depth, m 2276 - 2276
Formation ABU ROASH Lithology Limestone Age
CONT'D POOH W/ 8 1/2" DIRC. DRLG ASSY. (13 STD) ON ELEVATOR T/ 650 MT (INSIDE 9 5/8" CSG), CIRC. TWI
D.STRING CAPACITY, WAITING FOR LCM PILL SOAKING, NO STATIC LOSSES. CIRC. INSIDE CSG WHILE TH
MONITOR LOSSES, STARTED RIH W/ 8 1/2" DIRC. DRLG ASSY. T/ 2276 MT, WASHED DOWN THRU 2ND LCM P
MT TO 1130 MT, REAM DOWN THRU 1ST LCM PILL F/ 1848 MT T/ 2276 MT, W/ (30 RPM, 150 GPM), HAD 40 MT
Rig Operations SWEPT HOLE W/ 50 BBLs HVP, SPOT 50 BBLs HVP ON BTM, LOSSES WHILE CIRC. 286 BBLs, POOH W/ 8 1/2" D
ASSY. ON ELEVATOR TO SURFACE & L/D 8 1/2" PDC BIT, NO LOSSES WHILE TRIP-OUT, R/U 7" CSG EQUIPM
7'' LINER.
MIXED 820 BBL PERM DRILL FRESH MUD WITHOUT USING PERM DRILL TO KEEP LEVEL IN
ACTIVE PITS DURING DOWNHOLE LOSSES ACCORDING TO GPC ORDER.MIXED 50 BBLs HI VIS PILL LOADE
PPB LUBRAGLIDE & INCREASE OIL PERCRNT TO 5%.TOTAL DOWNHOLE LOSSES 400 BBLs.
Mud Treatment LAST RECORDED SURVEY MD INCLINATION AZIMUTH TVD 2266
47.01
112.15 1886.3
Report No. 23 Date 20.Feb.2021 Activity Cementing Depth, m 2276 - 2276
Rig Operations CONT'D RIH W/ 7'' LINER T/ BTM, CIRC, PERFORM CMT JOB AS PER PROGRAM
Mud Treatment MIXED 150 BBLs LOW RHEOLOGY MUD.MIXED 630 BBLs NACL BRINE 9.6 PPG ACCORDING TO GPC ORDER.
DOWN HOLE LOSSES DURING RIH WITH 7" LINEAR & CIRC 720 BBLs
.TOLTAL DOWN HOLE LOSSES DURING PUMPING CMT 122 BBLsE.CARB XF USED FOR CMTJOB BY CMT CR
Report No. 24 Date 21.Feb.2021 Activity RIH Depth, m 2276 - 2276

Rig Operations CONT'D PERFORMING CMT JOB AS PER PROGRAM, REVERSE CIRC, POOH MAINWHILE L\ D 5" DP, P\U & M\U
ROTARY ASSY, RIH.
Mud Treatment TOLTAL DOWN HOLE LOSSES DURING DISPLACMENT CMT 30 BBLs.DUMPED 50 BBLs SPACER & 5 BBLs
CONTAMINATION MUD WITH SPACER DURING REVERSE CIRC.CHANGE IN MUD PARAMETER DUE TO ADD
LOW RHEOLOGY MUD M.WT 9.6 PPG , VIS 34 SEC\QRT TO THE MUD DURING REVERSE CIRC AFTER CMT JO
Report No. 25 Date 22.Feb.2021 Activity DISPLACMENT Depth, m 2276 - 2276

CONT'D RIH W/ 6" BIT & ROTARY ASSY, DISPLACED HOLE W/ DRILL WATER 8.4 PPG @ 2221 MT, TAG CMT @
Rig Operations D.O.CMT & SHOE, POOH P/U & M/U 6" BIT & DIRC ASSY , TESTING DIRC TOOLS , RIH T/ BTM , START DISPLA
HOLE W/ 9.7 PPG PERM DRILL MUD.
TREATED 230 BBLs NACL BRINE W/ 7% KCL , 8 PPB PERM DRILL , 4 PPB PERM SEAL & O.5 PPB
PERM VIS.TREATED 280 BBLs FRESH MUD WITH 8 PPB PERM DRILL & INCREASE KCL PERCE
Mud Treatment TO 7%.TREATED 550 BBLs PERM DRILL MUD OLD MUD WITH KCL TO INCREASE KCL PERCENT TO 7% & PE
TO INCREASE CONC TO 8 PPB.OVER ALL HAD 1050 PERM DRILL MUD 9.7 PPG
Total Days 2,640.00
Total Drilled, m 31
2640.00
Progress, m 0.00
SIDE 9 5/8" CSG), CIRC. TWICE

IRC. INSIDE CSG WHILE THAT
ED DOWN THRU 2ND LCM PILL F/ 680
RPM, 150 GPM), HAD 40 MT HOLE FILL,
286 BBLs, POOH W/ 8 1/2" DIRC. DRLG
P-OUT, R/U 7" CSG EQUIPMENT, RIH W/
TO KEEP LEVEL IN
50 BBLs HI VIS PILL LOADED WITH 5
S 400 BBLs.
TVD 2266
Progress, m 0.00
CCORDING TO GPC ORDER.TOLTAL
D FOR CMTJOB BY CMT CREW.
Progress, m 0.00
WHILE L\ D 5" DP, P\U & M\U 6" BIT &
BBLs SPACER & 5 BBLs

D PARAMETER DUE TO ADD 130 BBLs
VERSE CIRC AFTER CMT JOB.
Progress, m 0.00
PPG @ 2221 MT, TAG CMT @ 2226 MT,

RIH T/ BTM , START DISPLACING
PPB PERM SEAL & O.5 PPB

& INCREASE KCL PERCENT
E KCL PERCENT TO 7% & PERM DRILL
SES-11
Country
Report No. 26 Date 23.Feb.2021 Activity Drilling Depth, m 2276 - 2585

Formation ABU ROASH; Lithology Limestone; Sandy Shale; Sandstone Age
Bharaiya
Rig Operations CONT'D DISPLACING HOLE W/ 9.7 PPG PERM DRILL MUD , CONT'D DIRC DRLG 6" HOLE T/ 2585
MT.
TREATED 200 BBLs OLD NACL BRINE W/ 7% KCL , 8 PPB PERM DRILL , 5 PPB PERM SEAL & 1
PERM VIS TO MIX PERM DRILL MUD ACCORDING TO GPC ORDER.MIXED 120 BBLs LOW VIS PILL MUD.MIX
BBLs HI VIS PILL MUD.SWEPT HOLE W\ 10 BBLs LOW VIS PILL & 25 BBLs HI VIS PILL EACH STAND DRILLED
M.WT TO 9.9 PPG ACCORDING TO GPC ORDER.TREAT ACTIVE SYSTEM W/ 2PPB SOLTEX DISSOLVED IN 45
Mud Treatment DIESEL DURING DRLG ABU R/ G FORMATION.TREAT ACTIVE SYSTEM W/ 1% L.T GLYCOL & 1.25 PPB FLC 2
DRLG ABU R/ G FORMATION , ACCORDING TO GPC ORDER.TREAT ACTIVE SYSTEM W\ 12 PPB SIZED CARB
MIC , 5 PPB 25 MIC & 2 PPB 40 MIC.)
Report No. 27 Date 24.Feb.2021 Activity POOH Depth, m 2585 - 2640

Formation Bharaiya Lithology Sandstone Age
Rig Operations CONT'D DIRC DRLG 6" HOLE T\ 2640 MT , TD , SWEPT HOLE W\ 10 BBLs LOW VIS PILL & 25 BBLs HI VIS PILL
SHAKEARS CLEAN , POOH T\ CSG SHOE , RIH T BTM SWEPT HOLE W\ 10 BBLs LOW VIS PILL & 25 BBLs HI V
CIRC TILL SHAKEARS CLEAN , SPOTTED 50 BBLS PILL LOADED WITH 4 PPB LUBRAGLIDE & 2% RADIAGRE
MIXED 50 BBLs LOW VIS PILL.TREATED 55 BBLs WITH 4 PPB LUBRAGLIDE & 2% RADIAGREEN TO BE SPOT
Mud Treatment BTM.SWEPT HOLE W\ 10 BBLs LOW VIS PILL & 25 BBLs HI VIS PILL EACH STAND DRILLED.
Report No. 28 Date 25.Feb.2021 Activity Run casing Depth, m 2640 - 2640
Formation Lithology Age
CONT'D POOH T\ SURFACE , L\D 6" BIT & DIRC ASSY , R\U LOGGING TOOLS LOGGED RUN#1 (HALS-MSFL-L
APS-GR) T/ 2640 MT, RECORDED REPEAT SECTION F/ 2580 T/ 2480 MT, RECORDED MAIN SECTION F/ 2640 MT
( AV. HOLE DIAMETER: 6.21'' ), POOH W/ SAME TO SURFACE & L/D , SLB E/L M/U & RIH W/ 2ND RUN (XPT-G
Rig Operations MT, RECORDED 11 PRESSURE POINT., POOH W/ SAME TO SURFACE & R/D SLB E/L UPPER & LOWER SHEAV
EQUIP , RIH W\ 5" LINEAR IN PROGRESS.
Mud Treatment
Report No. 29 Date 26.Feb.2021 Activity Run 5'' Liner Depth, m 2640 - 2640
Rig Operations CONT'D RIH W\ 5" LINER T\ 2520 MT, APPLYING MAX. ALLOWABLE S/O WT. (UP TO 50 KLB, AS PER WTF LN
RECOMMENDATIONS) & PERIODICALLY CHECKED FOR RETURN.
Mud Treatment INCREASE M.WT TO 10.1 PPG ACCORDING TO GPC ORDER.
Report No. 30 Date 27.Feb.2021 Activity W.O.Cement Depth, m 2640 - 2640
Rig Operations CONT'D RIH W\ 5" LINER T\ 2585 MT , SWEPT HOLE W\ 30 BBLs LOW VIS PILL, CIRC , PERFORMED CMT JOB
PROGRAM , WOC.
Mud Treatment E.CARB XF USED FOR CMTJOB BY CMT CREW.TRANSFER 200 BBLs PERM DRILL
PPG TO EDC#16
Total Days 2,640.00
Total Drilled, m 31
2640.00
Progress, m 309.00
IRC DRLG 6" HOLE T/ 2585
, 5 PPB PERM SEAL & 1 PPB

Ls LOW VIS PILL MUD.MIXED 300
PILL EACH STAND DRILLED.INCREASE
SOLTEX DISSOLVED IN 45 BBLs
T GLYCOL & 1.25 PPB FLC 200 DURING
TEM W\ 12 PPB SIZED CARB ( 5 PPB 10
Progress, m 55.00
PILL & 25 BBLs HI VIS PILL , CIRC TILL

OW VIS PILL & 25 BBLs HI VIS PILL ,
BRAGLIDE & 2% RADIAGRENN , POOH.
RADIAGREEN TO BE SPOTTED ON
D DRILLED.
Progress, m 0.00
GED RUN#1 (HALS-MSFL-LDL-NGS-

D MAIN SECTION F/ 2640 MT T/ 1800 MT.
& RIH W/ 2ND RUN (XPT-GR) T/ 2558
L UPPER & LOWER SHEAVES , R\U CSG
Progress, m 0.00
TO 50 KLB, AS PER WTF LNR ENG.
Progress, m 0.00
RC , PERFORMED CMT JOB AS PER
PERM DRILL FRESH MUD 9.7

SES-11
Country
Report No. 31 Date 28.Feb.2021 Activity W.O.Cement Depth, m 2640 - 2640

Rig Operations CONT'D WOC
Mud Treatment
Original 8.50 (in); Depths (m): 679.00 - 1,500.00; Fluid System: WATER & HI VIS (Water Base)
INTERVAL DISCUSSION
WELL : SES-11
HOLE SIZE : 8.5”
INTERVAL MD : 679 MT - 1504 MT
8 ½” HOLE WAS DRILLED THROUGHOUT APOLLONIA FORMATION WHICH CONSISTS MAINLY OF LIMESTONE
TO 1504 MT USING DRILL WATER (8.5 PPG) & HI-VIS PILL, KHOMAN, ABU RAWASH (A,D,E,F) FORMATIONS
CONSIST MAINLY OF LIMESTONE & SHALE FROM 1504 TO 2276 MT
MUD (9.2 - 9.4 PPG).
USING PERM DRILL

Operation Summary
DRLD 8 1/2'' HOLE T/ 690 MT, SWEPT HOLE W/ 20 BBLs HVP, CIRC, POOH T/ SURFACE, P/U & M/U 8 1/2'' BIT & DIR
BTM, CONT'D DIRC DRLG 8 1/2'' HOLE T/ 1504 MT, SWEPT HOLE W\ 50 BBLS HVP, CIRC TILL
G PERM DRILL
SHAKERS CLEAN, POOH T\ CSG SHOE, RIH BACK T\ BTM, DISPLACED HOLE W\ 9.2 PP MUD.
MUD TREATMENT
MIXED 550 BBLs HVP PRE-HYDRATED SPUD MUD, SWEPT HOLE W\ 25 BBLs HI VIS PILL EACH STAND DRILLED.
Total Days 2,640.00
Total Drilled, m 31
2640.00
Progress, m 0.00
& HI VIS (Water Base)
MAINLY OF LIMESTONE FROM 679

(A,D,E,F) FORMATIONS WHICH
U & M/U 8 1/2'' BIT & DIRC ASSY., RIH T/

L
MUD.
CH STAND DRILLED.
Perm Drill
(W
Original 8.50 (in); Depths (m): 1,500.00 - 2,276.00; Fluid System:
INTERVAL DISCUSSION
WELL : SES-11
HOLE SIZE : 8.5”
MUD, CONT'D
DIRC DRLG T\
Operation Summary 2165 MT,
DISPLACED HOLE W\ 9.2 PPG SWEPT HOLE
W\ 15 BBL
PERM DRILL LVP &
25 BBL HVP, CIRC TILL SHAKERS CLEAN, POOH ON ELEVATOR F/ 2165 MT T/ 1600 MT, BACKREAM W/ 120 RPM,
450 GPM UNDER CONSTANT PRESS 1580 PSI, HAD ERRATIC TQ 1-16 K LB.FT F/ 1600 MT T/ 1448 MT (KH
CHALKY LIMESTONE), CONT'D POOH ON ELEVATOR, RUN BACK T/ BTM, CONT'D DIRC DRLG T\ 2276 MT W\ DOWN
STARTED W\ 15 BBL/HR & REACHED 85 BBL/HR, SWEPT HOLE W\ 10 BBLS LVP & 25 BBLS HVP, CIRC TILL SHAKERS C
1275 MT WITHOUT STATIC LOSSES MAIN WHILE START MIXING LCM PILL, RIH T\ BTM, SPOTTED 100 BBL LCM PILL
BTM, POOH T\ 1250 MT, CIRC W\ INCREASE IN DOWNHOLE LOSSES EVERY INCREASE IN GPM, POOH T\ 1130 MT, S
HVP, POOH T\ 1007 MT, SPOTTED 80 BBL LCM PLL 200 PPB, POOH T\ CSG SHOE, WAIT ON SOAKING, CONT'D POO
DIRC. DRLG ASSY. (13 STD) ON ELEVATOR T/ 650 MT (INSIDE 9 5/8" CSG), CIRC. TWICE D.STRING CAPACITY, WAITIN
PILL SOAKING, NO STATIC LOSSES, CIRC. INSIDE CSG WHILE THAT MONITOR LOSSES, STARTED RIH W/ 8 1/2" DIRC
T/ 2276 MT, WASHED DOWN THRU 2ND LCM PILL F/ 680 MT TO 1130 MT, REAM DOWN THRU 1ST LCM PI
T/ 2276 MT, W/ (30 RPM, 150 GPM), HAD 40 MT HOLE FILL, SWEPT HOLE W/ 50 BBLs HVP, SPOT 50 BBLs HVP ON
WHILE CIRC. 286 BBLs, POOH W/ 8 1/2" DIRC. DRLG ASSY. ON ELEVATOR TO SURFACE & L/D 8 1/2" PDC BIT, NO LO
TRIP-OUT, R/U 7" CSG EQUIPMENT, RIH W/ 7'' LINER, CIRC, PERFORM CMT JOB AS PER PROGRAM.
MUD TREATMENT
PERM DRILL
MIXED +/- 1150 BBLs MUD 9.2 PPG, TREATED 290 BBLs KCL POLYMER FRESH MUD WITH 10
PERM DRILL
PERM DRILL
POUND TO BE USED MUD, SWEPT
AS HOLEEACH
DRILLED, SWEPT HOLE W\ 25 BBLs HI VIS PILL W\ 10STAND DRILLED, INCREASED MWT TO 9.6 PPG AT AB
BBLs LOW VIS
RAWASH E AS PER PROGRAM & INCREASED KCL PERCENTAGE TO 8% AS PER PROGRAM, DOWN HOLE LOSSES DUR
PILL EACH
REAMING IN POOH IN CHALKY LIME STONE OF KHOMAN
STAND140 BBLs, MIXED 275 BBL
PERM DRILL
PERM DRILL
PERM DRILL
FRESH MUD FULL PARAMETER, MIXED 820 BBL FRESH MUD
WITHOUT
USING
LEVEL IN ACTIVE PITS DURING DOWNHOLE LOSSES, TREATED ACTIVE SYSTEM W/ 1.5 PPB SOLTEX W\ 30 BBL
DIESEL (CONCNTRATION REDUCED TO 1% DUE TO INCREASING LEVEL OF ACTIVE PITS BY FRESH MUD WITHOUT SO
TREATED ACTIVE SYSTEM W\ 0.3 GPB LT GLYCOL FOR SHALE INHIBITION (CONCENTRATION REDUCED TO 0.1 GPB D
INCREASING LEVEL OF ACTIVE PITS BY FRESH MUD WITHOUT LT GLYCOL), TREATED HVP W\ 20 PPB SIZED CARB
& 20 PPB SIZED CARB 150 MICRON FOR SWEEPING HOLE DURING DOWNHOLE LOSSES (NO SUCCESS TO RE
LOSSES), LOADED ACTIVE SYSTEM W\ 10 PPB SIZED CARB 10 MICRON & 5 PPB SIZED CARB 25 MICRON (NO SU
REDUCE LOSSES), MIXED 190 BBL LCM PILL 200 PPB (170 PPB SIZED CARB AS FOLLOWS 80 PPB 500 MICRON, 60 PP
MICRON, 30 PPB 25-100 MICRON+ 30
PERM DRILL
PERM DRILL
PPB STRATA HEAL), MIXED 820 BBL FRESH MUD TO KEEP
WITHOUT LEVEL IN
ACTIVE PITS DURING DOWNHOLE LOSSES ACCORDINGUSING TO GPC ORDER, MIXED 50 BBLs HI VIS PILL LOADED
WITH 5 PPB LUBRAGLIDE & INCREASE OIL PERCRNT TO 5%, MIXED 150 BBLs LOW RHEOLOGY MUD, MIXED 630 BB
9.6 PPG ACCORDING TO GPC ORDER, TOLTAL DOWN HOLE LOSSES DURING RIH WITH 7" LINEAR & CIRC 720
DOWN HOLE LOSSES DURING PUMPING CMT 122 BBLs, TOLTAL DOWN HOLE LOSSES DURING DISPLACMENT CMT
ater Base)
T, BACKREAM W/ 120 RPM,

F/ 1600 MT T/ 1448 MT (KHOMAN:
C DRLG T\ 2276 MT W\ DOWNHOLE LOSSES
BBLS HVP, CIRC TILL SHAKERS CLEAN, POOH T\
M, SPOTTED 100 BBL LCM PILL 200 PPB ON
IN GPM, POOH T\ 1130 MT, SPOTTED 30 BBL
AIT ON SOAKING, CONT'D POOH W/ 8 1/2"
E D.STRING CAPACITY, WAITING FOR LCM
STARTED RIH W/ 8 1/2" DIRC. DRLG ASSY.
EAM DOWN THRU 1ST LCM PILL F/ 1848 MT
Ls HVP, SPOT 50 BBLs HVP ON BTM, LOSSES
E & L/D 8 1/2" PDC BIT, NO LOSSES WHILE
ER PROGRAM.
YMER FRESH MUD WITH 10
ED MWT TO 9.6 PPG AT ABU

AM, DOWN HOLE LOSSES DURING BACK
TO KEEP
PPB SOLTEX W\ 30 BBL
S BY FRESH MUD WITHOUT SOLTEX),
ATION REDUCED TO 0.1 GPB DUE TO
HVP W\ 20 PPB SIZED CARB 100 MICRON
LOSSES (NO SUCCESS TO REDUCE
IZED CARB 25 MICRON (NO SUCCESS TO
WS 80 PPB 500 MICRON, 60 PPB 150-250
TO KEEP
LEVEL IN
50 BBLs HI VIS PILL LOADED
EOLOGY MUD, MIXED 630 BBLs NACL BRINE
H WITH 7" LINEAR & CIRC 720 BBLs, TOLTAL
S DURING DISPLACMENT CMT 30 BBLs.
: Perm Drill
(WOriginal 6.00 (in); Depths (m): 2,276.00 - 2,640.00; Fluid System
INTERVAL DISCUSSION
WELL : SES-11
HOLE SIZE : 6”
6 " HOLE WAS DRILLED THROUGHOUT ABU RAWASH\ G & BAHARIYA FORMATIONS WHICH CONSIST OF SHALE,
SANDSTONE, SILTSONE & LIMESTONE STRIKES.
Operation Summary
RIH W/ 6" BIT & ROTARY ASSY, DISPLACED HOLE W/ DRILL WATER 8.4 PPG @ 2221 MT, TAG CMT @ 2226 MT, D.O
POOH P/U & M/U 6" BIT & DIRC ASSY, TESTING DIRC TOOLS, RIH T/ BTM, DISPLACED HOLE
G PERM DRILL
W/ 9.7 PP MUD, CONT'D DIRC DRLG 6" HOLE T/ 2640 MT , TD , SWEPT HOLE W\ 10 BBLs LOW VIS
PILL & 25 BBLs HI VIS PILL, CIRC TILL SHAKEARS CLEAN, POOH T\ CSG SHOE, RIH T BTM, SWEPT HOLE W\ 10
BBLs LOW VIS PILL & 25 BBLs HI VIS PILL, CIRC TILL SHAKEARS CLEAN, SPOTTED 50 BBLS PILL LOADED WITH 4 PPB L
2% RADIAGRENN, POOH T\ SURFACE, L\D 6" BIT & DIRC ASSY, R\U LOGGING TOOLS LOGGED RUN#1 (HALS-
APS-GR) T/ 2640 MT, RECORDED REPEAT SECTION F/ 2580 T/ 2480 MT, RECORDED MAIN SECTION F/ 2640 MT
( AV. HOLE DIAMETER: 6.21'' ), POOH W/ SAME TO SURFACE & L/D, SLB E/L M/U & RIH W/ 2ND RUN (XPT-GR)
RECORDED 11 PRESSURE POINT., POOH W/ SAME TO SURFACE & R/D SLB E/L UPPER & LOWER SHEAVES, R\U CSG
5" LINER (L-80, 15 LB/FT, BTC, 35 JT'S) T/ 420 MT, HELD PJSM, P/UP & M/UP 5" WTF HYD. ROTATING LNR HGR W/
HOLD DOWN SUB, VISUALLY CHECKED SAME "OK", LOADED W/ CSG WIPER PLUG @ THE END OF RUNNING TOOL
BALL SEAT, CIRC. 2 LNR CAPACITY W/ (5) BPM @ (120) PSI & RECORDED LNR WT = 20 KLB'S, R/D IPG 5" CS
EQUIP, HAD 2 BBL'S MUD LOSSES WHILE CIRC, RESUMED RIH W/ 5" LNR CSG ON 4 3/4" D/C'S, 3 1/2" (D/P'S, HWDP
2270 MT (7" LINER SHOE @ 2274 MT), CIRC 1 BTM UP (4 BPM/ 950 PSI) AS PER WTF LNR ENG. RECOMMENDATION
P/UP WT: 175 KLB'S, SL.OFF WT: 125 KLB'S & FREE TQ W/ (10 & 20) RPM /5000-6000 FT.LB [5" LINER TQ LIMIT= 91
5" CSG M/UP TQ + FREE TQ)], RESUMED RIH W/ 5" WPHR LNR CSG F/ 2270 MT T/ 2303 MT, HAD OBSTRUCTION, W
SAME (W/ 10-20 RPM & 20-30 GPM) & PASSED FREE, CONT'D REAM DOWN F/ 2303 MT T/ 2363 MT, STRG STALLED
(NO UP, NO DOWN, NO RETURN) @ SAME, WORKED ON STUCK (POH T/ 2340 MT W/ 30 KLB OVERPULL) TILL HAD
(20 RPM/ 5000-6000 FT.LB) & FLOW RETURN (40 GPM/ 900 PSI), SWEPT HOLE W/ 30 BBLs L.V.PILL & CIRC BTM UP
& CONDITIONING MWT(HAD CUT IN MWT. F/ 9.95 PPG T/ 9.5 PPG), RESUMED RIH (WASH DOWN) W/ 5" WPHR LN
MT T/ 2420 MT, HAD STUCK (NO UP, NO DOWN, NO RETURN) @ SAME (HAD OBSTRUCTIONS @ 2409 MT, 2414 M
WORKED ON SAME (W/ 20 RPM / 5000 -9000 FT.LB & 20-120 GPM / 700-950 PSI) TILL PASS FREE), WORKED ON ST
2400 MT W/ 70 KLB OVERPULL) TILL HAD FREE ROTATION (20 RPM/ 5000-6000 FT.LB) & FLOW RETURN (80 GPM/
HOLE W/ 30 BBL'S L.V.PILL & CIRC. BTM UP FOR CLEANING & CONDITIONING M.WT (INCREASED M.WT T/ 10
CUT IN M.WT F/ 9.95 PPG T/ 9.8 PPG), RESUMED RIH W/ 5" WPHR LNR CSG F/ 2420 MT T/ 2585 MT, APPLYING
ALLOWABLE S/O WT. (UP TO 50 KLB, AS PER WTF LNR ENG. RECOMMENDATIONS) & PERIODICALLY CHECKED
(LOSSES WHILE RIH = 55 BBLS), SWEPT HOLE W\
ater Base)
WHICH CONSIST OF SHALE,
T, TAG CMT @ 2226 MT, D.O.CMT & SHOE,

HOLE
HOLE W\ 10 BBLs LOW VIS

M, SWEPT HOLE W\ 10
S PILL LOADED WITH 4 PPB LUBRAGLIDE &
OOLS LOGGED RUN#1 (HALS-MSFL-LDL-NGS-
MAIN SECTION F/ 2640 MT T/ 1800 MT.
& RIH W/ 2ND RUN (XPT-GR) T/ 2558 MT,
& LOWER SHEAVES, R\U CSG EQUIP, RIH W\
YD. ROTATING LNR HGR W/ TOP PACKER &
THE END OF RUNNING TOOL EQUIPPED W/
WT = 20 KLB'S, R/D IPG 5" CSG HANDLING
4" D/C'S, 3 1/2" (D/P'S, HWDP) & 5" D/P'S TO
NR ENG. RECOMMENDATIONS, RECORDED
FT.LB [5" LINER TQ LIMIT= 9100 FT.LB (80% OF
3 MT, HAD OBSTRUCTION, WORKED ON
MT T/ 2363 MT, STRG STALLED & HAD STUCK
30 KLB OVERPULL) TILL HAD FREE ROTATION
BBLs L.V.PILL & CIRC BTM UP FOR CLEANING
WASH DOWN) W/ 5" WPHR LNR CSG F/ 2363
CTIONS @ 2409 MT, 2414 MT& 2416 MT
PASS FREE), WORKED ON STUCK (POH T/
& FLOW RETURN (80 GPM/ 930 PSI), SWEPT
.WT (INCREASED M.WT T/ 10.1 PPG) (HAD
MT T/ 2585 MT, APPLYING MAX.
NS) & PERIODICALLY CHECKED FOR RETURN
30 BBLs LOW VIS PILL, CIRC, PERFORMED CMT JOB AS PER PROGRAM, WOC.
MUD TREATMENT 4
TREATED 230 BBLs NACL BRINE W/ 7% KCL, 8 PPB P
TREATED 280 BBLs FRESH MUD WITH 8 PPB P
B
PERM DRILL, P
E
PERM DRILL R
PERM DRILL M
PERM DRILL S
E
MUD OLD MUD WITH KCL TO INCREASE KCL PERCENT TO 7% & TO INCREASE CONC
A
PERM DRILL L
TO 8 PPB, OVER ALL HAD 1050 &
MUD 9.7 PPG, TREATED 200 BBLs OLD NACL BRINE W/ 7% KCL , 8
0.
PERM DRILL, 5
PERM DRILL P
P
PPB 5 PPB PERM B MUD
SEAL & 1 PPB P ACCORDING
MIXED 120 BBLs LOW VIS PILL MUD, MIXED 300 BBLs HI VIS PILL MUD, SWEPT HOLE W\ 10 BBLs LOW VIS PILL
PERMHI
& 25 BBLs VISVIS
TO PILL EACH STAND DRILLED, INCREASED M.WT E TO 9.9 PPGTO GPC
ACCORDING TO GPC ORDER, T
MIX R ORDER,
SYSTEM W/ 2PPB SOLTEX DISSOLVED IN 45 BBLs DIESEL DURING DRLG ABU R/ G FORMATION, TREATED ACTIVE S
M
L.T GLYCOL & 1.25 PPB FLC 200 DURING DRLG ABU R/ G FORMATION , ACCORDING TO GPC ORDER, TREATE
SYSTEM W\ 12 PPB SIZED CARB ( 5 PPB 10 MIC , 5 PPB 25 MIC & 2 PPB 40 MIC.), MIXED 50 BBLs LOW VIS PILL, TREA
WITH 4 PPB LUBRAGLIDE & 2% RADIAGREEN TO BE SPOTTED ONVIBTM, INCREASED M.WT TO 10.1 PPG ACCORDING
ORDER. S,
&
IN
C
R
E
A
S
E
D
K
C
L
P
E
R
C
E
N
T
T
O
7
%
,
T
R
E
A
T
E
D
5
5
0
TO INCREASE CONC
OLD NACL BRINE W/ 7% KCL , 8
HOLE W\ 10 BBLs LOW VIS PILL

PPG ACCORDING TO GPC ORDER, TREATED ACTIVE
G FORMATION, TREATED ACTIVE SYSTEM W/ 1%
ACCORDING TO GPC ORDER, TREATED ACTIVE
.), MIXED 50 BBLs LOW VIS PILL, TREATED 55 BBLs
ASED M.WT TO 10.1 PPG ACCORDING TO GPC
Mud Weight Vs Depth
SES-11
Operator General Petroleum Company"GPC" Field Sannan Spud Date
Well Name SES-11 Location Sannan T.D Date
Well Section Original Country Egypt T.D, m
Rig Name EDC-73 From Depth, m
To Depth, m
Depth, m Mud Weight, ECD@Bit, ECD@Shoe,
lb/gal lb/gal lb/gal
230.00 8.60 8.87
240.00 8.60 8.60
488.00 8.45 8.45
488.00 8.60 8.60
488.00 8.60 8.60
488.00 8.60 8.60
488.00 8.60 8.60
494.00 8.60 8.60
494.00 8.60 8.60
494.00 8.60 8.60
494.00 8.60 8.63 8.63
494.00 8.60 8.60
494.00 8.60 8.60
520.00 9.40 9.40
600.00 9.50 9.50
679.00 12.70 12.70
679.00 8.50 8.50
835.00 8.50 8.81 8.69
1,475.00 8.80 9.12 8.95
1,820.00 9.20 9.72 9.53
1,850.00 9.50 10.16 9.91
1,850.00 9.60 9.60
2,276.00 9.60 9.89
2,276.00 9.60 9.60
2,276.00 9.60 9.60
2,276.00 9.60 9.60
2,276.00 9.70 9.70
2,386.00 9.70 10.39 10.33
2,555.00 9.90 10.74 10.65
2,640.00 9.90 9.90
2,640.00 9.90 9.90
2,640.00 10.10 10.10
2,640.00 10.10 10.10
2,640.00 10.10 10.10
Processor
02, 2021

T.D, m 2,640.00
From Depth, m 230.00
To Depth, m 2,640.00
Rheology Vs Depth
SES-11
Operator General Petroleum Company"GPC" Field Sannan Spud Date
Well Name SES-11 Location Sannan T.D Date
Well Section Original Country Egypt T.D, m
Rig Name EDC-73 From Depth, m
To Depth, m
Depth, m PV, cP YP, lb/100ft2 LSYP, lb/100ft2
230.00 8 32 12
240.00 10 25 9
488.00 1 4 0
488.00 1 4 0
488.00 1 4 0
488.00 1 4 0
488.00 1 4 0
494.00 1 4 0
494.00 1 4 0
494.00 1 4 0
494.00 1 4 0
494.00 1 4 0
494.00 1 4 0
520.00 12 18 3
600.00 13 16 2
679.00 28 30 6
679.00 1 4 0
835.00 1 4 0
1,475.00 1 4 0
1,820.00 10 17 3
1,850.00 13 20 5
1,850.00 12 22 6
2,276.00 14 24 7
2,276.00 13 27 7
2,276.00 13 27 7
2,276.00 8 13 3
2,276.00 9 16 4
2,386.00 10 17 4
2,555.00 12 20 5
2,640.00 13 23 6
2,640.00 13 23 6
2,640.00 14 24 7
2,640.00 14 24 7
2,640.00 14 24 7
Processor
02, 2021

T.D, m 2,640.00
From Depth, m 230.00
To Depth, m 2,640.00
Days Vs Depth
SES-11
Well Name SES-11 Location
Rig Name EDC-73 Country
Sannan Spud Date 29.01.2021

Sannan T.D Date 28.02.2021
Egypt T.D, m 2,640.00
Days Vs Depth
SES-11
Well Name SES-11 Location
Rig Name EDC-73 Country
Sannan Spud Date 29.01.2021

Sannan T.D Date 28.02.2021
Egypt T.D, m 2,640.00
Hydraulic Graphs

EMEC
POST WELL REVIEW
RIG COMET EXPLORATORY WE
ULIF System
BY:
YOUSSRY ABD ELAZIZ & EMEC TEAM
AGENDA
 HSE PLANNED OBJECTIVES
 DRILLING FLUID OBJECTIVES
 DRILLING REVIEW
 SUCCESS POINTS
 COST ANALYSIS
 LESSONS LEARNED
 TASKS TO BE IMPLEMENTED
 Maintain safe operations, complying with GUPCO S
Procedures, Golden Rules, and Drilling Contractor Sa
 Promote and increase the safety awareness of co
GUPCO System Inductions.
 Participate in the GUPCO STOP Card systems.
 Participate in JSAs for all tasks related to Mud and Chemi
 Hold weekly Safety Meetings at all work sites to cove
and Chemicals Handling.
 Perform scheduled audits and inspections at the work sit
 Ensure that all unsafe conditions and actions are reported
SES-11
Spud Date 29.Jan.2021 Well Section Original
T.D Date 28.Feb.2021 From Depth, m 230.00
T.D, m 2,640.00 To Depth, m 2,640.00
C
REVIEW
ORY WELL NS 394-3
EMEC TEAM
h GUPCO Safety
ontractor Safety Guidelines.
ness of company personnel through
ms.
ud and Chemicals handling.
sites to cover HSE issues related to Mud
t the work site.

s are reported and recorded.
NS 394 – 3
HSE Milestones
 Total Footage Drilled :
 Total Drilling Fluids Volume Handled :
 Total Safe Man Hours :
 Total Safe Light Vehicle Driving :
 Total Safe Heavy Vehicle Driving :
 Total Incidents :
 Total Accidents :

 Total STOP cards issued by EMEC Rep :
es
12005 ft
13798 bbl
3168 Hr
16000 KM
8000 KM
ZERO
ZERO
38
t
bl
Hr
M
KM
Well Specific Objectives
1. Design and formulate an effective mud system.
2. Establish minimal environmental impact.
3. Provide effective hole stability.
4. Minimize risk of tight hole incidents and sticking.
5. Have effective control and cure of formation losses.
6. Minimize formation damage in the pay zone.
7. Minimize torque and drag in deviated holes.
8. Enhance and optimize hole cleaning.
9. Establish a cost effective fluid system.

Solution
SMD & ULIF system.
WBM system has less environmental impact than OBM of synthetics.
Maintain M.Wt. with optimum inhibition, bridging & lubricity.
Optimize M.Wt. and use lubricant and shale control stabilizer as

proposed.
Load fluids system with optimum bridging materials.
Non-Damaging ULIF system.
Treat system with lubricant .
Effective rheology and Hi vis sweeps.
Actual costs close to planned costs in case of normal drilling

operation .
DRILLING BREAKDOWN
Well Name FIELD RIG NPT Mud
NAME Attributable
NS 394-3 N.S Comet 0 hour

G BREAKDOWN
T.D COST $ $/ft
Ft (footage)
12005 XXXXX XXXX

NS 394 – 3
12 1/4” hole
• MUD TYPE:
• SMD/KCl/polymer/ULIF
MUD WT 11.5 12
ppg
P. V. 28 34
Y. P. 29 37
API W.L 2.0 3.5

HP-HT 7 8.5
GEL 7/11 9/14
KCL % 5 6
EMEC- LUBE% 1.5 3
GLYCOL % 3 5
CaCO3 (ppb) 25
DAYNARED 10
Graphite 5
• Drilled 12 ¼” hole F/1312 To/ 12005 ft using 11.5 – 12 PPG ULIF Syst
materials starting from bottom Zeit.
• Open hole exposed to mud for long time while rig repair without pro
• The lubricity of the mud was increased after changing the direction p
and EMEC lube to 3%
• plug pack the well according to P&A program.
NS 394 – 3
12 1/4” hole
2 To/ 12005 ft using 11.5 – 12 PPG ULIF System loaded with 40 ppb bridging
tom Zeit.
mud for long time while rig repair without problem.
was increased after changing the direction plan where glycol raised up to 5%
ording to P&A program.

NS394 -3 12 ¼ ” HOLE
SUCCESS POINTS:
NS 394-3 Planned Actual
FOOTAGE ft 7539 7693
T. MUD VOL. 4810 6930
Cost ($)
$/FT
Cost/bbl with
Bridging
Cost/bbl without
Bridging
bbl/ft
Pre load the mud system with optimum bridging materials achieved the main task t
formation loses and differential sticking while drilling across depleted zones
¼ ” HOLE
aterials achieved the main task to avoid
ing across depleted zones
NS 394 - 3
. LESSONS LEARNED (12 ¼” Hol
• Used mud remaining from the previous interval after conditioning it to ac
• Controlled & Maintained Mud Weight according to hole conditions (well c
• Frequent sweeps with Hi vis pills while drilling improved hole cleaning.
• Loadin the mu system with bridgin agents provide goo hol stabilit and
sticking.
• Spotting a casing go pill on bottom (highly lubricated viscous pill loaded
e-logs was effective.
• Treating mud with EMEC Lube & Glycol was effective for Torque Reduction and
the lubricity of the mud to accommodate with any change in a directional plan (i
• Still trying to Recycle the ULIF

rig .
NS 394 - 3
. LESSONS LEARNED (12 ¼” Hole)
the previous interval after conditioning it to achieve the desired Parameters.
Mud Weight according to hole conditions (well control & well pore stability issues)
s pills while drilling improved hole cleaning.
th bridgin agents provide goo hol stabilit and minimize th ris of differential
on bottom (highly lubricated viscous pill loaded with LUBRA-GLIDE) prior to running
be & Glycol was effective for Torque Reduction and also to increase
ommodate with any change in a directional plan (in case highly deviate hole angle ).
if there is a chance to store or to transfer it to any other working

WELLDRILLING FLUID OBJECTIVE
WELL SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES DEFINED
NS 394 - 3  KCl/SMD & ULIF system

•Design and formulate the appropriate  water based mud system has less
mud system environmental impact than oil based or
•Establish minimal environmental impact . synthetics.
•Provide sufficient hole stability Maintained KCl % , Glycol and lubrican
•Minimize the risk of tight hole as proposed, in addition to minimal filtra
occurrences and sticking possibilities (FLC 2000)
•Have a proper control and cure of System was loaded with bridging
formation losses materials + FLC 2000
•Minimize Formation Damage in the pay  ULIF
zone Treatment with EMEC Lube &Glycol
•Enhance drilling practice utilizing Hi Viscosity sweeps and Rheology
increased fluid lubricity and torque optimization .
reduction
•Enhance and optimize hole cleaning .
RECOMMENDATIONS &
TASKS TO BE IMPLEMENTED
• Use a similar ULIF mud design for the reservoir section or any d
encountered while drilling .
• Adjust mud weight according to hole conditions (Caving – Lack
Shale ,etc ,).
• Increase Glycol to 5% & EMEC LUBE to 3% while drilling, to pro
and to achieve a good hole stability.
• Sweep the hole with Hi vis pills to achieve effective hole cleanin
• Load the mud system with optimum Bridging materials
will help to seal off and avoid expected losses in depleted interval
• Use similar bridging procedures to achieve the desired obj
results.
• Spot a casing go pill on bottom prior to running E-Log or casing
risk of differential sticking.
• Recycling ULIF(cost effective task) if available.

• Use the same parameters for reaming as used for drilling.
EMEC CENTRAL LAB.; ALEX FREE ZONE
EMEC CENTRAL LABORATORIES
Shale Testing
FOR SHALE SAMPLES
RECEIVED FROM
Sonatrach-Division Forage

TESTED BY
EMEC CENTRAL LAB. TEAM
MOHAMED MOSTAFA WAEL MAHMOUD
AHMED FATOUH MOHAMED SALAMA
SUPERVISED BY
EMAD MEDANY LAB. DEPUTY MANAGER
REVISED BY APPROVED BY
YOUSSRY A. AZIZ AYMAN AL-ZAHRY
TECHNICAL ADVISOR LAB. MANAGER
DATE
JANUARY 15, 2019
Index
Page
Objective 4
Shale Samples 4
Testing Plan 6
X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) 7
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 22
Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) 26
Capillary Suction Timer (CST) 27
Linear Swelling Measurements 28
Durometer Hardness Measurement 33
Shale Recovery (Disintegration Test) 34
Conclusions and Recommendations 36

Objective:
Sonatrach/Division Forage is using Diesel Oil Based Mud to drill wells in Hassi Berkine region.
Sonatrach needs to find an alternative system to the Diesel Oil Based Mud to drill these sections and elimina
all the HSE issues related to the use of Diesel,
and also to eliminate the Waste Management costs.
The main purpose of this study is to gather reactivity information about Shale Samples received from
Sonatrach/Division Forage in order to carry out shale testing and perform swelling potential
measurements with the proposed Perm Heal system to predict the whole minerals content of these
samples and identify the inhibition
efficiency.
Shale Samples:
The collected drilled Samples from Well NAHS-1 (Total of 35 samples) were sent to
EMEC Central Laboratories in Alexandria, Egypt.
Sample at depth 400 m Sample at depth 800 m
Sample at depth 950 m Sample at depth 1250 m

Sample at depth 2210 m
Sample at depth 2310 m

TIVE
%
SUCCESS FULLY
EFINED
DELIVERED
system
tem has less
han oil based or
ycol and lubricant

n to minimal filtrate
ith bridging
Lube &Glycol
nd Rheology 100 %
ection or any depleted sand section
(Caving – Lack of ECD – Pressurized
drilling, to provide the maximum lubricity
ve hole cleaning.
ing materials (size and concentration),
pleted intervals.
e desired objective using PSD lab test
E-Log or casing will help to minimize the
.
for drilling.
RIES
Page
Hassi Berkine region.
ese sections and eliminate
es received from
elling potential
rals content of these
00 m
50 m
According to the obtained Lithology data from Sonatrach, the following (11) different ditch samples from th
whole received samples were selected and thought to be containing the highest percentage of the shale or
clay:-
ANHYDRITE
SAND
DOLIMITE
SHALE
SANDSTONE
Hole
CLAY
SALT
No. Depth FORMATION
Section
1 400 SENONIAN ANHYDRITIC 30% 60% 10%

2 760 TURONIAN 30% 70%
3 800 TURONIAN 90% 10%
4 950 CENOMANIEN 10% 20% 70%
5 1250 16” APTINE 100%
Hole
6 1680 NEOCOMIEN 80% 20%
7 2120 MALM 80% 20%
8 2210 DOGGER ARGILEUX 90% 10%
9 2310 DOGGER LAGUNAIRE 10% 85% 5%
10 2360 12.25” LIAS ANHYDRITE 10% 5% 85%
Hole
11 2460 LIAS SALIFERE 30% 70%
Testing Plan:
The following tests were performed in order to characterize the main clay minerals
present in the samples and their reactivity:-
- X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
- Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
- Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)
- Capillary Suction Timer (CST)
- Linear Swell Meter (LSM)
- Durometer Hardness Measurement
- Shale Recovery Test (Shale Disintegration)

Mineralogical Characterisation by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
XRD provides the most efficient method in the analysis of fine-grained sediments, which is difficult to study by other
means. For the whole rock XRD analysis, the samples were grinding to size less than 0.063 micron. For clay fraction
XRD analysis, the ditch samples in NAHS-1 well are treated with 35% hydrogen peroxide (H 2O2) to remove the
organic matters. Ten gramsof powdered with ~150 cm3 distilled water placed in a 250 cm 3 beaker and exposed to
ultrasonic waves by using ultrasonic bath for 30 minutes to disaggregate the clays.
The clay fraction of each sample was separated by sedimentation, pipetting the clay suspension into a glass slide
and allowing the distilled water to evaporate and clays to settle gravimetrically on the slide .Normal,
heated (to 550°C for 2 hours) and glycolated (with ethylene glycol vapors at 60°C for at least 6 hours),of each
sample runs were performed using
Ni-filtered copper K alpha radiation of a Philips diffractometer.
Mineral composition of Non-Clay minerals
The semi-quantitative results of XRD analysis of the analyzed bulk samples for NAHS-1 well
as shown in (Figure 1 &Table 1) are classified in to five groups according to the main mineral.
The first group (sample numbers 4,6,7,8 and10) indicates that, Quartz is the main mineral where it reaches up to 91.98
%, Anhydrite is the second mineral and reaches up to 32.21 %, in addition to a minor occurrence of Calcite, Dolomite
Halite and Hematite reach up to 10.04, 16.04, 11.29
and 2.47% respectively.
The second group (sample numbers 2and 3) indicates that, Calcite is the main mineral where it reaches up to 80.10
%, Dolomite is the second mineral and reaches up to 13.10 %, in addition to a minor occurrence of Quartz
reaches up to 11.61%.
Figure1: Semi-quantitative analysis obtained by X–Ray diffraction for
whole rock samples of NAHS-1 well
The third group (sample numbers 1and 5) indicates that, Dolomite is the main mineral where it reaches up to 88.21%,
Quartz is the second mineral and reaches up to 23.62%, in addition to a minor occurrence of Calcite, Anhydrite, and
Feldspar each up to 1.76, 5.52 and 2.10%
respectively.
The fourth group (sample number 9) indicates that, Anhydrite is the main mineral with value
55.94 %, whereas Quartz, Calcite and Dolomite minerals are occurred with values 15.73,
13.88 and 11.01%, respectively.
The last group (sample number 11) indicates that, Halite (salt) is the main mineral with value
76.29%, where as Quartz is the second mineral with value 19.34 %, in addition to a minor occurrence of Anhydrite wi
value 3.74 %.
Mineral Composition of Clay Fraction
The clay minerals throughout the analyzed samples are represented by Kaolinite which is recorded in all
studied samples and reached up to 100 % of the total clay fraction (sample number 11 at depth 2460 m),
whereas Illite mineral and Illite/Smectite mixed layer were recorded in most samples and reached up to 55.56 %
(sample number 6 at depth 1680 m) and 34.87% (sample number 3 at depth 800 m) respectively of the total cla
fraction (Figure 2
&Table 2).
Figure 2: Semi-quantitative analysis obtained by X–Ray diffraction for

clay fraction samples of NAHS-1 well
itch samples from the
centage of the shale or
SANDSTONE
20%
20%
10%
5%
)
ficult to study by other
cron. For clay fraction
(H 2O2) to remove the
aker and exposed to
into a glass slide

n the slide .Normal,
ast 6 hours),of each
re it reaches up to 91.98
ce of Calcite, Dolomite,
reaches up to 80.10
currence of Quartz
or
reaches up to 88.21%,
alcite, Anhydrite, and
3,
urrence of Anhydrite with
is recorded in all
at depth 2460 m),
eached up to 55.56 %
tively of the total clay
or
X-Ray Diffraction Data

Well: NAHS-1 Sample 1, Depth: 400 m
Bulk Composition
Total Clay
Quartz
Feldspar
Anhydrite
Calcite
Dolomite
Clay Composition Wt. %
Kaolinite 66.67
Illite/Smectite 33.33
400 m
ion Wt.%
0.63
3.31
0.57
5.52
1.76
88.21
Wt. %
.67
.33
Wt.%
0.63
3.31
0.57
5.52
1.76
88.21

Bulk Composition
Total Clay
Quartz
Calcite
Dolomite
Clay Composition
Kaolinite
Illite
Illite/ Smectite
: 760 m
Bulk Composition Wt.%

Total Clay 7.55
Quartz 11.61
Calcite 68.48
Dolomite 12.36

Kaolinite 64.90
Illite 22.51
Illite/ Smectite 12.59
Wt.%
7.55
11.61
68.48
12.36
Wt. %
64.90
22.51
12.59

Bulk Composition
Total Clay
Quartz
Calcite
Dolomite
Clay Composition
Kaolinite
Illite/ Smectite
800 m
sition Wt.%
2.18
4.62
80.10
13.10
sition Wt. %
Kaolinite 65.13
Illite/ Smectite 34.87
Wt.%
2.18
4.62
80.10
13.10
Wt. %
65.13
34.87

Bulk Composition
Total Clay
Quartz 38.0
Anhydrite 32.21
Halite 11.29
Dolomite 10.11

Kaolinite
Illite
Illite/ Smectite
m
Wt.%
8.39
38.0
32.21
11.29
10.11
.%
37.10
46.84
16.06
37.10
46.84
16.06


Total Clay
Quartz
Feldspar
Dolomite
Clay Composition Wt.%
Kaolinite
Illite
Illite/ Smectite
1250 m
Wt.%
5.40
23.62
2.10
68.88
Wt.%
60.18
27.00
ite 12.82
5.40
23.62
2.10
68.88
60.18
27.00
12.82


Total Clay
Quartz
Anhydrite
Dolomite
Kaolinite
Illite
Illite/ Smectite
1680 m
Wt.%
4.95
60.28
23.11
11.66
Wt.%
22.22
55.56
ite 22.22
4.95
60.28
23.11
11.66
22.22
55.56
22.22


Total Clay 8.02
Quartz 91.98
Kaolinite
Illite
Illite/ Smectite
2120 m
Wt.%
8.02
91.98
Wt.%
78.55
14.34
ite 7.11
78.55
14.34
7.11

Bulk Composition
Total Clay
Quartz
Calcite
Dolomite
Hematite
Kaolinite 78.10
Illite 21.90
2210 m
position Wt.%
5.80
80.81
10.04
2.09
1.26
Wt.%
78.10
21.90
Wt.%
5.80
80.81
10.04
2.09
1.26

Bulk Composition
Total Clay
Quartz
Anhydrite
Calcite
Dolomite
Clay Composition
Kaolinite
Illite/ Smectite
2310 m

Total Clay 3.39
Quartz 15.73
nhydrite 55.99
Calcite 13.88
Dolomite 11.01
lay Composition Wt.%
Kaolinite 77.58
lite/ Smectite 22.42
Wt.%
3.39
15.73
55.99
13.88
11.01
Wt.%
77.58
22.42

Bulk Composition
Total Clay
Quartz
Dolomite
Hematite
Kaolinite
Illite
Illite/ Smectite
2360 m
position Wt.%
5.45
76.04
16.04
2.47
Wt.%
44.95
32.29
e 22.76
Wt.%
5.45
76.04
16.04
2.47
44.95
32.29
22.76


Total Clay
Quartz
Anhydrite
Halite
Kaolinite 100.0
Micro-structure by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
Individual shale cuttings were selected for SEM analysis based on them being representative of the whole sample, larg
enough to work with and visually undamaged.
Each cutting was broken and mounted on an SEM stub with conductive carbon paste. The freshly broken surfaces wer
oriented to be uppermost so that this surface could be imaged. It was found that uncoated samples in a low vacuum Jeo
electron microscope gave excellent quality images.
For each sample depth (800, 950, and 2210 m) 3-images were provided at different magnifications, 2mm, 300 microme
and 20 micrometers as follow:-
Sample 800 m (2mm magnification)

Sample 800 m (300 µm magnification)




: 2460 m
Wt.%
y 0.63
19.34
3.74
76.29
Wt.%
100.0
SEM)
ative of the whole sample, large
The freshly broken surfaces were

ed samples in a low vacuum Jeol
nifications, 2mm, 300 micrometer

0.63
19.34
3.74
76.29

Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)
The Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of each sample was determined by the standard Methylene Blue Test
(MBT) method as per API recommended Practice 13I/ISO 10416. The obtained CEC results were shown
the (Table 3):-
Sample Depth (m) CEC
No. (meq/100gm)
1 400 18.4
2 760 12.4
3 800 20.7
4 950 13.4
5 1250 11.0
6 1680 15.8
7 2120 11.3
8 2210 11.4
9 2310 13.5
10 2360 15.3
11 2460 3.9
Table 3: Cation Exchange Capacity values
ndard Methylene Blue Test
ned CEC results were shown in
All the measured Cation Exchange Capacity values indicate that shale samples had
relatively low to moderate level of reactive shale characteristics.
Capillary Suction Timer (CST)
The CST device measures the time it takes for a given amount of free water (or brine) from slurry to travel
radially between two electrodes on thick, porous filter paper. The CST test measures the hydrating and
dispersion properties of shale by simulating the shear and chemical forces present during drilling. Highly
dispersed particles give high CST values while flocculated particles give relatively low CST values. The
obtained CST results (Table 4) show the inhibitive effects of KCl brines and their concentrations
on shale dispersion compared to Dionized Water.
CST
(Seconds)
Sample Depth
No. (m) D.I KCl 3 KCl 6 KCl 10
Water % % %
1 400 263.2 44.7 37.3 31.4

2 760 336.3 57.8 55.7 51.3
3 800 297.5 83.4 71.1 62.3
4 950 340.6 66.6 52.3 45.5
5 1250 251.4 42.8 33.5 25.4
6 1680 276.4 59.2 51.3 44.2
7 2120 267.6 53.7 41.8 34.6
8 2210 352.4 73.8 64.3 55.8
9 2310 258.1 49.4 36.5 30.2
10 2360 279.6 44.5 40.4 29.1
11 2460 366.7 71.8 52.6 48.3
Table 4: CST test results of 2.0 gm shale (100 mesh) in 24 ml fluid, 2 minutes shear.
CST test results are graphed to show the CST value in time versus KCl brine concentrations. The
results show that 10 % KCl is the most effective inhibitor brine for
these shale samples.
It is known that some shales types are sensitive to the concentration of potassium ion used in an inhibitive
WBM. In particular, hard shales that are low in smectite can be stabilized by excessive amounts of potassium
these results suggest that there may be an optimum, intermediate KCl concentration for maximum shale
inhibition and that
under-dosing or over-dosing may be detrimental.
Linear Swell Meter Measurements
The Linear Swell Meter is a highly effective method of examining the interaction
between water based fluids and shale samples containing reactive clays.
The observed swelling characteristics are utilized to anticipate and/or correct the often times unpredictable
problems that are frequently encountered while drilling in shale formations.
from slurry to travel
he hydrating and
ing drilling. Highly
w CST values. The
centrations
concentrations. The
used in an inhibitive
ve amounts of potassium;
n for maximum shale
ion
n times unpredictable
Linear Swell Meter

The Linear Swell Meter measurements were studied for the most reactive shale
samples (400, 800, 950, 1680, 2310 and 2360 m) to compare the inhibition efficiency of
Perm Heal Base Fluid against Blank Fluid (Table 5).
Perm Heal
Product Unit Blank Fluid Base Fluid
Water Liter 983.84 835.12

Caustic Soda kg/ m3 0.715 0.715
Soda Ash kg/ m3 2.145 2.145
KCl (8 % by wt) kg/ m3 - 77.32
Salt kg/ m3 - 159.33
Perm Seal kg/ m3 17.16 14.586
Perm Vis kg/ m3 4.862 3.575
Soltex kg/ m3 - 8.58
EMEC Resin kg/ m3 - 11.44
Black Heal (3 % ) kg/ m3 - 32.43
Clay Coat (3 % ) kg/ m3 - 30.63
Fluid Properties
PV @ 120°F cP 27 32
YP @ 120°F lb/100ft2 24 25
API Fluid Loss ml/30 min 2.4 2.2
pH 9.7 9.5
Table 5: Blank Fluid and Perm Heal Base Fluid
 The selected Shale Cuttings was washed first with organic solvent to remove the Oil Base Mud
contaminations; then dried in an oven overnight; and cooled in vacuum desiccators.
 Dry Shale cuttings were grinded well and sieved through 200 mesh screen. The sieved shale cutting
were compacted to get the required Shale plugs for LSM test.
 The initial length of each Shale plug was accurately measured (inches) and recorded. Each Shale p
was installed onto one measuring channel head of the Linear Swell Meter.
 Each measuring head was lowered until the shale assembly touches the bottom of the evaporation dish pla
under the measuring head as indicated by the red pilot light in the head lighting.
 Blank or the Perm Heal fluids were poured carefully into the evaporation dish surrounding the Sha
plug.
 The Linear Swell Meter program was initiated and the test has been continued until maximum swelling ha
completed.
 At the end of the test, the program was terminated and the recorded swelling % data (Table 6) w
graphed versus swelling time. Swelling % was calculated according to the Initial Length of each Shale pl
(inches).
Measuring Channels of Linear Swell Meter
ale
cy of
e Oil Base Mud
cators.
n. The sieved shale cuttings
nd recorded. Each Shale plug
of the evaporation dish placed
n dish surrounding the Shale
until maximum swelling has
elling % data (Table 6) was

al Length of each Shale plug
Linear Swell Meter Results:-
Sample Depth (m) 400 800 950 1680 2310 2360
Blank Fluid 33.68 35.78 21.33 23.12 26.78 21.70

Perm Heal Fluid 22.56 19.28 9.15 14.40 14.89 14.38
Inhibition % 33.02 46.12 57.10 37.71 44.39 33.73
Table 6: Linear Swell Meter Results after 72 hours
Maximum Swelling (%) Chart

Results of the Linear Swell Meter testing indicate that the most of shale samples were
moderately reactive when exposed to Blank Fluid (from 21.33 % up to 35.78 % swell).
The Perm Heal Base Fluid exhibited a very good swell reduction; and the inhibition % of the exposed cutting
plug was ranged from 33.02 % up to 57.1 % depending on the Clay mineralogical composition. This
would indicate sufficient shale inhibition can be obtained while drilling this shale using this Perm Heal Fluid
system.
Durometer Hardness Measurement
After the Linear Swell Meter test had been completed, shale plug was removed from the evaporation dish and
hardness of each plug was measured with a type (A) Durometer (Model 306L). Shale hardness values were
determined to define the surface conditions of shale specimens after exposure to the test fluids. The lower the
hardness value, the higher the water uptake into the shale. The data recorded in (Table 7) show the effect of Per
Heal Base Fluid on hardness of shale plug compared to the Blank for each depth.
were
well).
n % of the exposed cutting
alogical composition. This
using this Perm Heal Fluid
m the evaporation dish and the

le hardness values were
test fluids. The lower the
able 7) show the effect of Perm
Sample Depth (m) 400 800 950 1680 2310 2360
Hardness of Shale Plug after LSM
Blank Fluid 25 26 9 36 8 28
Perm Heal Fluid 95 87 68 91 56 83
Table 7: Type (A) Durometer Hardness Readings
Shale Recovery (Disintegration Test)
Shale Particle Disintegration test of drilled shale cuttings had been performed as per API recommende
Practice 13I/ ISO 10416. Shale Cuttings were sieved to fractions of less than 4 mm and greater than 2 mm. Al
drilling fluids were pre-screened through 0.5 mm mesh sieve to remove any oversize particles that can b
incorrectly reported as recovered shale. After hot rolling the drilling fluids that contains equal weights of th
shale at 150 °F for 16 hours, the obtained results were shown in (Table 8):-
Sample Depth (m) 400 760 800 950 1250

Cuttings Recovery %
Blank Fluid 7.4 4.2 9.6 10.4 4.4

Perm Heal Fluid 86.3 93.8 89.6 96.3 97.2
ed as per API recommended
m and greater than 2 mm. All
versize particles that can be
contains equal weights of the
Sample Depth (m) 1680 2210 2120 2310 2360 2460
Cuttings Recovery %
Blank Fluid 5.2 2.8 3.1 6.2 5.8 3.6

Perm Heal Fluid 91.8 95.3 88.5 87.8 90.4 86.8
Table 8: Shale Recovery Results
Conclusions and Recommendations
Several conclusions can be drawn from this study:
 The CEC results and XRD analyses indicate that the shales received from well
NAHS-1 have only low to moderate reactivity. This conclusion is supported by the cuttings recovery an
swelling data.
 The SEM study has shown that several cuttings contained cracks and anisotropy that can be expected
act as planes of weakness in the downhole shales and may promote mechanical instability. The presence
few cracks and anisotropy in the shale supports the use of FLC 2000 for maximum wellbore
stability.
 The most effective level of KCl is indicated to be between 6.0 % and 10 %. It is recommended that
during the use of an inhibitive KCl fluid in the field, wellbore condition, cuttings quality, appearan
of any caving and the rate of increase in reactive clays in the mud are all taken to indicate if changes in th
programmed KCl concentration are required.
 The Durometer hardness (Type A) showed a very good effect of Perm Heal Fluid
on surface of shale plug compared to the Blank Fluid.
 The shale recovery tests show that the cuttings will disperse easily in the Blank
Fluid whereas the Perm Heal Fluid exhibited a superior inhibitive behavior ranged from 86.3 to 96.3 %
during the test period.
 Results of the Linear Swell Meter testing indicate that the most of shale samples were moderately
reactive when exposed to Blank Fluid and the Perm Heal drilling fluid system gives an excellent level o
shale inhibition that should be sufficient to control any swelling tendencies in the Hassi Berkine
wells.
m well
d by the cuttings recovery and
sotropy that can be expected to

cal instability. The presence of
ximum wellbore
%. It is recommended that
on, cuttings quality, appearance
en to indicate if changes in the
al Fluid
Blank
nged from 86.3 to 96.3 %
samples were moderately

em gives an excellent level of
n the Hassi Berkine

Drilling Fluid Program

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Drilling Fluid Program

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Drilling Fluid Program

HORIZONTAL OIL WELL PRODUCER HASSI MESSAOUD FIELD

Prepared by: R. AMIR

This study was developed in 3 steps:

2. EMEC shale’s reactivity study in BERKINE Basin

2.2. Cuttings characterization

ormulations for drilling intermediate sections wells

sent to EMEC Central

ent in the samples

whole rock samples

tropy that can be expected to act as planes of

It is recommended that during the use of an

k Fluid whereas the

es were moderately reactive when exposed to

Used in all water-based drilling fluid systems for stabilizing and

Provides effective inhibition for controlling hydration and swelling

Also improves filter cake quality and fluid loss control

Have a tendency to preferentially wet metal surfaces, thus the

Activation Temp: 120° F Temp Tolerance Up To 290° F

Flash point > 200° F Specific Gravity 1.12 sg Soluble in water

Borehole sealant to provide a range of benefits.

Produces a semi-permeable membrane at the shale surface,

The semi-permeable membrane mechanically seals micro-

to EMEC BU Latex is an irritant and can be hazardous if the environment.

8"⅜ d=1, 40 SG TD=3439m

6" d=1, 32 - 1,45 SG TD= 4139m

OMLZ-562 36" d=1, 05 SG

8"⅜ d=1, 45 SG TD=3412m

6" d=1,44 SG TD= 4324m

Recorded hard back reaming & stuck in

No drilling problems encountered while drilling this

16" d=1, 25 SG TD=2332m

8"⅜ d=1, 40 SG TD=3505m

6" d=1,46 SG TD= 3867m

Hard back reaming across CENOMANIAN formation while

No problems encountered while drilling this section, just

Got stuck while drilling @ 3854m, several attempts to free stuck

KOP (m) 3050

TVD (m) 3282 3358

7. MUD WEIGHT PROGRAM

Hole size 26" 16" 12"¼ 8"½

EMEC OBM CaCO3

EMEC OBM CaCO3

5. If necessary, add the required amount of Polytrex (FL Reducer).

I.3. Phase expected problems

) made of sand and Calcareous,

check if the drill water source is

Caustic Soda /100ppm of Mg++).

to reduce the filtrate of mud and

Mud Weight and solids content into

m before pulling out to run 18 ⅝"

Mica (M & C) (65 + 65) Kg/m3

EMEC Plug (M & C) (65 + 65) Kg/m3

EMEC Seal (M & C) (50 + 50) Kg/m3

Xanthan Gum 1.25 Kg/m3

C Detergent and EMEC LUBE at 256m

the interval recommended range (pH = 12),

uring connections combined with EMEC

g circulation either (partial, total losses) in the

c. pH value & alkalinity control:

II. Recommended Mud Characteristics

III. Recommended Products Concentrations