Wind Turbine:

Wind power is more efficient, but utilising it is more difficult, whereas harnessing solar
electricity is much easier. Wind turbines can convert up to 60% of the energy they capture
from the wind into useful electrical energy.
Cost:
Wind turbine energy is not as cost effective as solar energy.
Pakistan estimates the cost of a wind power project to be roughly USD 2.2 million per MW
and recommends that the national electric power regulatory body (NEPRA) determine an
upfront price based on the capital expenditure (CAPEX) of wind projects. CAPEX is based
on foreign market prices as well as domestic considerations like logistic costs and
infrastructure development. However, the cost of a wind power plant approved by NEPRA
was roughly 1.93 million USD/MW (USD 1930/kW). With the international drop in WT
costs, even a lower price can be useful. The most recent NEPRA-approved cost for nominal
capacity WT is USD per KW, which is considered as the investment cost in this study. In all
computations, the devaluation of the Pakistani Rupee (PKR) versus the US dollar from 60
PKR/USD in 2008 to 156 PKR/USD in February 09, 2020 is taken into account.

Efficiency:
Wind is an abundant resource as well. Pakistan's wind corridors are well-known, with
average wind speeds of 7.87 m/s in 10% of the country's windiest places. Despite several
successful projects, Pakistan's installed solar and wind energy capacity, at slightly over 1,500
Megawatts, accounts for only 4% of total capacity and around 2% of total output.
The wind speed in the Sindh wind corridor zones is around 5–12 m/s. Pakistan possesses the
Sindh coastline line, which offers enormous wind resources with a potential for 20 GW of
energy generation.

Availability:
In Pakistan, wind energy has huge potential. As a result, Pakistan's wind energy installation
capacity increased by more than 40% between 2014 and 2018, resulting in more than 1000
MW of operational wind farms in 2019.
Pakistan's government wants to generate 6% of its electricity from renewable sources by
2030, excluding hydroelectricity, which was expected to be 3% in 2018. In the coming years,
solar and wind will be the most important markets.
In 2019, Pakistan's Alternative Energy Development Board approved 11 distinct wind
projects totalling more than 500 MW, all of which are expected to be operational within the
forecast year, boosting the country's wind sector.
Pakistan has 1186 MW of operational wind capacity, which generated about 1.7 TWh of
power in 2019. Wind contributed 6% of renewable electricity towards the end of 2018 with
this amount of generation.
The Hawa Power Project, consisting of 29 units of GE's 1.7-103 wind turbines with a
potential of generating power to over 20,000 houses, was inaugurated in Pakistan by GE
Renewable Energy and Hawa Energy (Pvt) Ltd in 2018.
The Jhimpir-Gharo Corridor's excellent winds have contributed significantly to Pakistan's
wind energy expansion. With most wind projects in this region, as well as Pakistan's first
wind plant, the wind market in this region still has room to grow.

In India and China:

Cost:
In India, the cost of wind power is quickly declining. During wind project auctions in
December 2017, the levelized tariff for wind power fell to a new low of $2.43 (3.2 US) per
kWh (without any direct or indirect subsidies). In March 2021, however, the levelized tariff
was raised to 2.77 (3.7 US) per kWh.
China's National Energy Administration (NEA) and National Development and Reform
Commission (NDRC) plan to invest more than $360 billion in renewable energy
development.
Efficiency:
With the highest installed capacity of any country and sustained strong expansion in new
wind projects, China is the world leader in wind power generation. China has remarkable
wind power resources: on land, China is expected to have 2,380 gigawatts (GW) of usable
capacity. At the end of 2020, wind power was still China's third-largest source of electricity,
accounting for 6.1 percent of total power generation. China will install 71.6 GW of wind
power producing capacity by 2020, bringing its total capacity to 281 GW. China has the
world's greatest installed capacity and new capacity in 2020, with the second largest market,
the United States, adding 14 GW in 2020 and having an installed capacity of 118 GW. By
2030, China is expected to have 1200 GW of combined wind and solar capacity, as part of
the government's goal of increasing non-fossil fuels' proportion of primary energy
consumption to roughly 25%.

In recent years, India's wind power producing capacity has expanded dramatically. The
overall installed wind power capacity was 40 GW as of 30 November 2021, making it the
world's fourth highest installed wind power capacity. The Indian government has set a high
goal of 175 gigawatts of renewable energy by 2022, with 60 gigawatts coming from wind
power. The Wind Potential in India was first assessed at 50m hub-height by the National
Institute of Wind Energy (NIWE).

Availability:
According to data from the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Tamil Nadu had the
most installed wind power generating capacity, with 9.6 gigawatts as of March 31 2021.
Gujarat came in second with a capacity of 8.56 GW. Tamil Nadu and Gujarat, being the
states that pioneered wind energy generation, have the oldest wind turbines, many of which
are positioned in prime wind energy locations.

The National People's Congress's standing committee passed a law in 2005 requiring Chinese
power grid firms to purchase all renewable energy-generated electricity. At the 2006 Wind
Power Asia Exhibition in Beijing, Chinese developers exhibited the world's first permanent
Maglev wind turbine. Construction on the base for the maglev wind turbine generators began
in November 2007 with a CN400 million investment from Zhongke Hengyuan Energy
Technology. The generators are expected to bring in CN1.6 billion per year for Zhongke
Hengyuan.
China announced in 2011 that by the end of 2015, it would have 100 GW of grid-connected
wind power capacity and generate 190 terawatt-hours of wind power. China became the first
country in the world to exceed 100 GW of installed wind capacity when it met this goal in
2014.
The Gansu Wind Farm Project in western Gansu Province is one of six Chinese government-
approved national wind power megaprojects. It is the world's largest wind farm.

References:
https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/pakistan-wind-energy-market

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_India

https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/11/09/a-renewable-energy-future-for-
pakistans-power-system

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_China

https://regenpower.com/articles/which-renewable-energy-is-better-wind-or-solar/