Relay & HV Lab Manual - 2020 Latest-1

S. S.
Education Trust’s CET Code: E-175 (UG)/T-942 (PG)
S. G. BALEKUNDRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Shivabasavanagar, Belagavi- 590 010, Karnataka- India
Office: 0831-2407172, 2554559 Fax: 0831-2407152 Website: www.sgbit.edu.in
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Email: hod-ee@sgbit.edu.in, Department Extension: 512
LABORATORY MANUAL
VII SEMESTER B.E. (E&E)
2021-22
RELAY & HIGH VOLTAGE LAB

SUB. CODE: 18EEL77
Prepared By: Approved By:

Name & dated Signature Name & dated Signature
B. E. ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) and Outcome Based Education (OBE)
SEMESTER – VII
RELAY AND HIGH VOLTAGE LABORATORY
Course Code 18EEL77 CIE Marks 40
Number of Practical 0:2:2
Hours/Week SEE Marks 60
Credits 02 Exam Hours 03
Course Objectives:
 To conduct experiments to verify the characteristics of over current, over voltage, under
voltage relays both electromagnetic and static type.
 To verify the operation of negative sequence relay.
 To conduct experiments to verify the characteristics of microprocessor based over current, over
voltage, under voltage relays and distance relay.
 To conduct experiments on generator, motor and feeder protection.
 To conduct experiments to study the spark over characteristics for both uniform and
non-uniform configurations using High AC and DC voltages.
 To measure high AC and DC voltages
 To experimentally measure the breakdown strength of transformer oil.
 To experimentally measure the capacitance of different electrode configuration models using
 Electrolytic Tank. To generate standard lightning impulse voltage and determine efficiency,
energy of impulse generator and 50% probability flashover voltage for air insulation.
Sl. Experiments
NO
Total of Six experiments are to be conducted by selecting Two experiments from each Part – A,
Part – B
and Part – C. Five out of six experiments are to be conducted under Part – D.
1 Part - A Over Current Relay: (a)Inverse Definite Minimum Time(IDMT)Non-
Directional
Characteristics (b) Directional Features (c) IDMT Directional.
2 IDMT Characteristics of Over Voltage or Under Voltage Relay (Solid
State or Electromechanical type).
3 Operation of Negative Sequence Relay.
4 Part - B Operating Characteristics of Microprocessor Based (Numeric) Over –Current Relay.
5 Operating Characteristics of Microprocessor Based (Numeric) Distance Relay.
6 Operating Characteristics of Microprocessor Based (Numeric) Over/Under Voltage
7 Part - C Generation Protection: Merz Price Scheme.
8 Feeder Protection against Faults.
9 Motor Protection against Faults.
10 Part - D Spark Over Characteristics of Air subjected to High Voltage AC with Spark Voltage
Corrected
to Standard Temperature and Pressure for Uniform [as per IS1876: 2005]and Non-
uniform [as per IS2071(Part 1) : 1993] Configurations: Sphere – Sphere, Point –Plane,
11 Spark Over Characteristics of Air subjected to High voltage DC.
12 Measurement of HVAC and HVDC using Standard Spheres as per IS 1876 :2005
13 Measurement of Breakdown Strength of Transformer Oil as per IS 1876 :2005
14 Field Mapping using Electrolytic Tank for any one of the following Models: Cable/
Capacitor/
15 (a) Generation of standard lightning impulse voltage and to determine efficiency and
energy of
impulse generator. (b) To determine 50% probability flashover voltage for air
insulation subjected to impulse voltage.
Course Outcomes: At the end of the course the student will be able to:
 Verify the characteristics of over current, over voltage, under voltage and negative
sequence relay both electromagnetic and static type.
 Verify the characteristics of microprocessor based over current, over voltage, under voltage
relays and distance relay.
 Show knowledge of protecting generator, motor and feeders.
 Analyze the spark over characteristics for both uniform and non-uniform configurations using High
A and DC voltages.
 Measure high AC and DC voltages and breakdown strength of transformer oil.
 Draw electric field and measure the capacitance of different electrode configuration models.
 Show knowledge of generating standard lightning impulse voltage to determine efficiency,
energy of impulse generator and 50% probability flashover voltage for air insulation.
Conduct of Practical Examination:
1. All laboratory experiments are to be included for practical examination.
2. Breakup of marks and the instructions printed on the cover page of answer script to be strictly adhered
by the examiners.
3. Students can pick one experiment from the questions lot prepared by the examiners.
4. Change of experiment is allowed only once and 15% Marks allotted to the procedure part to be made
zero.
S. S. Education Trust’s CET Code: E-175 (UG)/T-942 (PG)
S. G. BALEKUNDRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Shivabasavanagar, Belagavi- 590 010, Karnataka- India
Office: 0831-2407172, 2554559 Fax: 0831-2407152 Website: www.sgbit.edu.in
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Email: hod-ee@sgbit.edu.in, Department Extension: 512
VII SEMESTER B.E. E&E
RELAY & HIGH VOLTAGE LAB (18EEL77)

List of Experiments
S No Name of the Equipments Page No.

1 Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) Characteristics of Electromechanical 1-3
Over Current Relay
2 Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) Characteristics of Electromechanical 4-6
Over Voltage Relay
3 Operation of Negative Sequence Relay. 7-8
4 Operating Characteristics of Microprocessor Based (Numeric) Over –Current 9-13
Relay.
5 Operating Characteristics of Microprocessor Based (Numeric) Over/Under 14-20
Voltage Relay
6 Motor Protection against Faults. 21-23
7 Spark Over Characteristics of Air subjected to High Voltage AC with Spark
Voltage Corrected to Standard Temperature and Pressure for Uniform [as per
IS1876: 2005]and Non-uniform [as per IS2071(Part 1) : 1993] Configurations: 24-26
Sphere – Sphere, Point –Plane, Point – Point and Plane – Plane.
8 Spark Over Characteristics of Air subjected to High voltage DC. 27-29
9 Measurement of HVAC and HVDC using Standard Spheres as per IS 1876 :2005 30-35
10 Measurement of Breakdown Strength of Transformer Oil as per IS 1876 :2005 36-37
11 Field Mapping using Electrolytic Tank for any one of the following Models: 38-39
Cable/ Capacitor/Transmission Line/ Sphere Gap.
1
S G BALEKUNDRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BELAGAVI -10
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
ELECTROMECHANICAL OVER CURRENT RELAY

AIM: To study the time – current characteristics of a Electromechanical over Current Relay.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S No. Apparatus required Quantity

1 Electro mechanical Over Current Relay testing 01
set up.
2 Connecting wire Few Nos.
RELAY PANEL DETAILS:
0-10 A TIMER EM OVER CURRENT RELAY
Digital Ammeter Digital timer

Amps Seconds ELECTRO
SET MECHANICAL
OFF OVER CURRENT
MAINS ON 2A SBF START RESET RELAY
RELAY ON RELAY TRIP
S1 OUTPUT CURRENT S2 T1 TIMER INPUT T2 AC1 AC2 C1 C2

0-10A
RELAY AUX.CONTACT. RELAY COIL
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Resistance 0-10A
AC1 T1
C
Relay TIMER
RELAY COIL Auxiliary
Contact
230V, 50Hz
.AC Supply C AC2 T2
CURRENT VARAIC Step down Transformer

2
THEORY: Refer Books.
PROCEDURE:
1) Do the connections as shown in the circuit diagram.
2) Keep the VARAIC to its Zero position.
3) Keep the Set CURRENT switch in OFF position
4) Now refer the front panel of the relay for settings of PMS and TMS settings.
5) For example now you set the current setting from the PMS by using key set to 0.75A
And set the TMS 0.5 Sec.
6) Switch ON the mains Supply, set the switch position to START position.
7) Now set the CURRENT slowly by varying the VARAIC more than the 0.75 for example 0.9A.
8) Now set the switch position to OFF position, now switch ON the switch to START POSITION
and note down the Operating time from the TIMER.( When the Red lamp indicates red)
9) Repeat the procedure No. 7 & 8 for different sets of currents like 1.0,, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 1.5A. and
note down the operating for each reading.
10) Draw the Inverse time characteristic curve Load Current v/s Operating Time.
TABULAR CLUMN:
Time setting Plug Multiplier Load Current Operating Time

Multiplier setting (PMS)
0.5 Sec 0.75A
0.8 Sec 0.75A
TABULAR CLUMN:
Time setting Plug Multiplier Load Current Operating Time

Multiplier setting (PMS)
0.5 Sec 1.0A

3
NATUR OF GRAPH:
4
ELECTROMECHANICAL OVER VOLTAGE RELAY

AIM: To study the time voltage characteristics of a given Electro mechanical Over Voltage Relay.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1 Electromechanical Over Voltage Relay 01
testing set up.
0-400 V AC TIMER EM OVER VOLTAGE RELAY
Digital voltmeter Digital timer

Volts Seconds ELECTRO
SET MECHANICAL
OFF OVER VOLTAGE
MAINS ON 2A SBF START RESET RELAY
RELAY ON RELAY TRIP
AC1 AC2 C1 C2
S1 0-400V AC S2 T1 TIMER INPUT T2
RELAY AUX.CONTACT. RELAY COIL
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
AC1 T1
0V C
0V
0 – 600V Relay TIMER

V RELAY COIL Auxiliary
Contact
230V
230V, 50Hz
AC Supply 400V C AC2 T2
Auto Transformer
STEP UP TRANSFORMER
5
PROCEDURE:
2) Keep the Dimmer stat to its Zero position.
3) Keep the Set voltage switch in OFF position
4) Now refer the front panel of the relay for settings of PMS and TMS settings.
5) For example now you set the Voltage setting from the PMS by using key set to 121V
And set the TMS 0.5 Sec.
6) Switch ON the mains Supply.
7) Now set the Voltages by multiplying the PMS with respect to 121 V x 1.1 and set the voltage
keeping the switch position to SET position and switch OFF the switch in OFF position; now
switch ON the switch to START POSITION .and note down the Operating time from the
TIMER.( When the Red lamp lamp indicates red)
8) Repeat the procedure No. 6 for different multiplier for 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 1.6, & 1.7 for
different readings and note down the operating for each reading.
9) Draw the Inverse time characteristic curve PMS v/s Operating Time
TABULARCOLUMN:
Time Multiplier Plug Setting Supply Voltage Operating Time Voltage Multiplier
Setting Volts Sec.
1.1
1.2
0.5 Sec 121V 1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.1
1.2
1 Sec 121V 1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
6
TABULARCOLUMN:
Setting Volts Sec.
1.1
1.2
0.5 Sec 143V 1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.1
1.2
1 Sec 143V 1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
NATUR OF GRAPH:
7
NEGATIVE SEQUENCE RELAY

AIM : To study the working of Negative Sequence Relay.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1 Negative Sequence Relay testing set up. 01
3 Phase A C Mains Phase Voltages Line Current Negative Sequence Fault Simulation
400V Relay
R Y B N R Phase R Line
VOLTMETER AMMETER AMMETER
R N R R Negative Sequence
Current
MAINS Y Phase Y Line TRIP RESET
VOLTMETER AMMETER SP
ON OFF BAL UNBAL
Y N Y Y Y Y
OUT PUT B Phase B Line Negative Sequence R N

VOLTMETER AMMETER Relay
Y N
R Y B N B N B B B B
B N
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
0-10A R R S
0-300V
R 0-10A Y Y
Y
B
0-300V
N 0-10A
B B
3- Phase, 415 V
50 Hz , LOADING RESISTANCE
AC Supply. 0-300V
8
PROCEDURE:
1) First ensure that the 3 phase supply is switched OFF.
3) Switch ON the supply, and set the switch of negative sequence relay to balanced system position.
4) Now note down the readings of all the meters.
5) Vary the load resistance for different sets of readings and note down the readings of all the
Meters for balanced system.
6)For Unbalanced system: set the switch of negative sequence relay to unbalanced system
Position and vary the load resistance for different sets of readings and copy down all the meters
readings ( 3-4 set of readings)
7) For single phase system: set the switch of negative sequence relay to single phase system
Position and vary the load resistance for different sets of readings and copy down all the meters
readings ( 3-4 set of readings)
TABULAR COLUMN: Balanced operation
S No. Phase Voltage in Volts Line current in Amps IN Amps

VRN VYN VBN IR IY IB
1
2
TABULAR COLUMN: Unbalanced operation

1
2
TABULAR COLUMN: Single Phasing operation

1
2
9
MICROPROCESSOR BASED OVER CURRENT RELAY

AIM: To study the time – current characteristics of a Micro controller Based Over Current Relay.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1 Microcontroller Based Over Current Relay testing set up. 01
0 - 10 A TIMER RELAY SETTINGS µC OVER CURRENT RELAY
Digital Ammeter Digital timer 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.10

Seconds
SET ON ON ON ON
OFF I S=R ¿
MAINS ON 2A START RESET 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.8
T=K (0.1+It)
RELAY ON RELAY TRIP 1 2 3 4
ON ON ON ON
TRIP TIME CHARACTERISTICS
RELAY AUX. CONTACT
S1 OUT PUT CURRENT S2 T1 TIMER INPUT T2 AC1 AC2
0-10A
C1 C1
RELAY COIL
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Resistance
AC1 T1
A
C1
Relay TIMER
RELAY COIL Auxiliary
Contact
230V ACS
50Hz. C2 AC2 T2
CURRENT VARAIC Step down Transformer

10
PROCEDURE:
1) Do the connections as shown in the diagram.
2) Keep Current VARAIC to its zero position, select the Relay time on the Relay panel say for
Example 0.5 Sec. and load current to its 40%.
3) Now select required characteristics from the panel board by selecting the Trip Time Characteristics
Selector switches. ( For Example you need to draw the Normal Inverse Characteristics (1.3 Sec)of
OCR. Select the Time Characteristics selector switches in ( S 1,S2,S3,S4 all in OFF Positions) by
referring Table of Toggle switches to select the trip time characteristics for different Characteristics
4) Now you switch ON the mains Supply, SET the current by switching Switch position to SET position.
5) Apply the load current by varying the current VARAIC 0.5A, switch of the switch to OFF position
6) Now set the switch position to START position and note down operating time when the relay trips
Red lamp will be ON.
7) Repeat the procedure No. 6 for different load currents of 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0 and 1.1 A.
8) Draw the Time – Current characteristics for different TMS.
Toggle switches to select the trip time characteristics.

The trip time characteristics are chosen based on the switch positions as shown in the table:
Trip Time Characteristics S1 S2 S3 S4

Normal Inverse (1.3 Sec) OFF OFF OFF OFF
Normal Inverse (3 Sec) OFF OFF ON OFF
Very Inverse OFF ON OF OFF
Extremely Inverse OFF ON ON OFF
Definite Time (1 Sec) ON OFF OFF OFF
Definite Time (10 Sec) ON OFF ON OFF
Definite Time (100 Sec) ON ON OFF OFF
Microcontroller over Current Relay Panel:

Microcontroller over Current Relay
Auxiliary Relay contacts AC1 and AC2
Relay Coil C- C
Calculation:
1) I S=R ¿ Take R = 1 standard value

IS = 1 [0.1+0.02+0.04+0.08+0.16)] In
IS = 1( 0.4)
= 0.4 = 40%
11
TABULAR COLUMN:
1) Normal Inverse (1.3 Sec) Time Characteristics of Microprocessor Over Current Relay
Time setting Plug Setting Load Current Operating Time

Multiplier. Amps Sec
0.6
0.8
0.5 40% 1.0
1.2
1.3
0.6
0.8
1.0 40% 1.0
1.2
1.3
2) I S=R ¿ Take R = 2 standard value

IS = 1 [0.1+0.02+0.04+0.08+0.16)] In
IS = 2( 0.4)
= 0.8 = 80%
2) Normal Inverse (3 Sec) Time Characteristics of Microprocessor based Over Current Relay

0.9
1.0
0.5 80% 1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
0.9
1.0
1.0 80% 1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
12
3) Very Inverse Time Characteristics of Microprocessor based Over Current Relay.

0.5 40%
1.0 40%
4) Extremely Inverse Time Characteristics of Microprocessor based Over Current Relay.

0.5 80%
1.0 80%
5) Definite Time Characteristics: (1Sec)
Current Time
6) Definite Time Characteristics (10Sec)
Current Time
13
NATURE OF GRAPH:
14
MICROPROCESSOR BASED OVER VOLTAGE RELAY

AIM: To study the time – voltage characteristics of a Micro controller Based Over Voltage Relay.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1 Microcontroller Based Over Voltage Relay testing set up 01
0 -400 AC TIMER RELAY SETTING µ C OVER VOLTAGE RELAY
VOLTMETER TRIP RESET
VOLTS SECONDS
SET 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.4 µ C OVER
OFF
MAINS ON 2A SBF START RESET ON ON ON ON VOLTAGE RELAY
V S =¿
RELAY ON RELAY TRIP 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.8
ON ON ON ON
T = K (0.1 + t ) RELAY AUX. CONTACT N/O
AC1 AC2
1 2 3 4
OUT PUT VOLTAGE TIMER INPUT
0 – 400 AC ON ON ON ON C C
T1 T2 RELAY COIL
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
AC1 T1
C
0
0
0-600V Relay TIMER
Contact
230 V
230V ACS 400V
50Hz. C AC2 T2
AUTO TRANSFORMER Step up Transformer

15
PROCEDURE:
2) Keep VARAIC to its zero position, select the Relay time on the Relay panel says for Example 0.1
Sec. and calculated voltage 121 V X 1.1 = 133.1V
OVR. Select the Time Characteristics selector switches in ( S 1,S2,S3,S4 ON, OFF OFF,OFF positions)
By referring Table of Toggle switches to select the trip time characteristics for different
Characteristics
4) Now you switch ON the mains Supply, SET the voltage by switching Switch position to SET position.
5) Now SET switch set to OFF positon
7) Repeat the procedure No. 4,5 & 6 for different voltage multipliers of 121X 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 & 1.6.
8) Draw the Time v/s PMS characteristics curve.


For Over Voltage Mode
Normal Inverse (3.5 Sec) ON OFF OFF OFF
Definite Time (1 Sec) ON OFF ON OFF
Definite Time (10 Sec) ON ON OF OFF
Definite Time (100 Sec) ON ON ON OFF
Microcontroller over Voltage Relay Panel:

Microcontroller over voltage Relay
Relay Coil C- C
16
Calculation:
For Normal Inverse (3.5 Sec)
1) VS¿ ¿ Take Vn = 110V standard value
VS = [ 1 + 0.05+0.05] X 110
= 1.1 X 110
VS = 121V.
For definite Time 1 Sec)

VS = [ 1 + 0.05+0.05 + 0.1] X 110
= 1.2 X110
VS = 132 V.
TABULARCOLUMN: NORMAL INVERSE (3.5 Sec.)
Setting Volts Sec.
1.1 X121 =133.1 V 1.1
1.2 X121 =145.2 V 1.2
0.1 Sec 121V 1.3 X121 =157.3 V 1.3
1.4 X121 =169.4 V 1.4
1.5 X121 =181.5 V 1.5
1.6 X121 =193.6 V 1.6
1.1 X121 =133.1 V 1.1
1.2 X121 =145.2 V 1.2
0.5 Sec 121V 1.3 X121 =157.3 V 1.3
1.4 X121 =169.4 V 1.4
1.5 X121 =181.5 V 1.5
1.6 X121 =193.6 V 1.6
TABULARCOLUMN: DEFINITE TIME (10 Sec.)
Setting Volts Sec.
1.1
1.2
0.1 Sec 132V 1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.1
1.2
0.5 Sec 132V 1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
17

NATURE OF GRAPH:
18
MICROPROCESSOR BASED UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY

AIM: To study the time – voltage characteristics of a Micro controller Based Over Voltage Relay.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:

1 Microcontroller Based Under Voltage Relay testing set up. 01
0 -400 AC TIMER RELAY SETTING µ C UNDER VOLTAGE RELAY
VOLTMETER TRIP RESET
VOLTS SECONDS
SET 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.4 µC Under
OFF
MAINS ON 2A SBF START RESET ON ON ON ON Voltage Relay
V S =¿
RELAY ON RELAY TRIP 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.8
ON ON ON ON
T = K (0.1 + t ) RELAY AUX. CONTACT N/O
AC1 AC2
1 2 3 4
OUT PUT VOLTAGE TIMER INPUT
0 – 400 AC ON ON ON ON C C
T1 T2 RELAY COIL
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
AC1 T1
C
0
0
0-600V Relay TIMER
Contact
230 V
230V ACS 400V
50Hz. C AC2 T2
AUTO TRANSFORMER Step up Transformer
19
PROCEDURE:
2) Keep VARAIC to its zero position, select the Relay time on the Relay panel says for Example 0.1
Sec. and calculated voltage 110 V X 0.9 = 99V
UVR. Select the Time Characteristics selector switches in ( S 1,S2,S3,S4 OFF, OFF OFF,OFF positions)By
referring Table of Toggle switches to select the trip time characteristics for different Characteristics
4) Now you switch ON the mains Supply, SET the voltage by switching Switch position to SET position.
5) Now switch OFF the SET switch to OFF position .
7) Repeat the procedure No. 4,5 & 6 for different voltage multipliers of 121X 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 & 1.6.
8) Draw the Time v/s PMS characteristics curve.


For Under Voltage Mode
Normal Inverse (5.7 Sec) OFF OFF OFF OFF
Definite Time (1 Sec) OFF OFF ON OFF
Definite Time (10 Sec) OFF ON OF OFF
Definite Time (100 Sec) OFF ON ON OFF
Microcontroller over Voltage Relay Panel:

Microcontroller over voltage Relay
Relay Coil C- C
20
Calculation:
For Normal Inverse (3.5 Sec)
VS = [ 1 - 0.05+0.05] X 110
= 1 – 0.1= 0.9
VS = 0.9 X110 = 99 V.
For definite Time 1 Sec)

VS = [ 1 - 0.05+0.05 + 0.1] X 110
= 1- 0.2 = 0.8
VS = 0.8 X 110 = 88 V.
TABULARCOLUMN: NORMAL INVERSE (5.7 Sec.)
Setting Volts Sec.
0.9
0.85
0.5 Sec 110V 0.80
0.75
0.7
0.65
TABULARCOLUMN: DEFINITE TIME (10 Sec.)
Setting Volts Sec.
0.9
0.85
0.5 Sec 110V 0.80
0.75
0.7
0.65
21
AC MOTOR PROTECTION RELAY
AIM : Study the various 3 phase A C Motor protection scheme using a microprocessor based Relay.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S No. Name of the equipment Quantity

1 Motor Protection Scheme Relay setup with accessories. 1
2 3 Phase auto Transformer 0-15A/0-415V AC 1
3 Connecting wires etc 20
MOTOR PROTECTION RELAY PANEL BOARD DETAILS
3 PHASE, 415V PHASE VOLTAGE LINE CURRENT MOTOR INDUCTION

AC MAINS PROTECTION RELAY MOTOR
R Y B N R Phase R Line LR UC
ON RPM
R N R R EF
I0(%Im) Im(A) OPEN CLOSE
MAINS Y Phase Y Line
Rin Yin Bin
Y Y Y Y RELAY
ON OFF
B Phase B Line
OUT PUT OPEN
R Y B N SP
R out Y out B out CLOSE
B B B
22
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: Relay coils

0-10A R R S
0-300V
0-10A Y Y Mm
0-300V
0-10A 3 Ph. Induction Motor
N B B
3- Phase, 415 V
50 Hz , ACS.
0-300V
PROCEDURE:
NOTE: Before connecting the circuit diagram ensure that Three phase supply should be in OFF
position & Three phase dimmerstat should be in Zero position.
(I) SINGLE PHASE PROTECTION:

1. Do the connections as shown in the circuit diagram.
2. Using the rated current setting Knob on the relay, set the rated current to 4 Amps. Keep S P
Switch closed and EF open.
3. Switch ON the supply and run the machine to its rated speed by varying the auto transformer
(Phase voltage should be 230V).
4. Now open the S P Switch. This simulates single phasing.
5. The relay is activated and trips. Observe that the LED marked SP on the relay glows.
(II) EARTH FAULT PROTECTION:
1. Using the rated current setting Knob on the relay, set the rated current to 4 Amps using the
Im knob .
2. Ensure that S P Switch is closed, EF is open and autotransformer is in Zero position.
3. Switch ON the supply
4. Vary the autotransformer to its rated voltage for 230V . Now open the EF switch .
5. Now the relay is activated and trips. Observe that the LED marked EF ON the relay glows.
23
(III) THERMAL OVER LOAD PROTECTION:

1. Using the rated current setting Knob on the relay, set the rated current to 4 Amps.
2. Switch ON the supply.
3. Vary the autotransformer to apply the rated voltage.(230V)
4. Now start loading the motor till the set rated current 4 Amps Exceeds more than the rated
value .
5. Observe that the LED on the relay starts blinking.
6. Increase the over load to 25% above the set value. Observe that the relay trips faster.
CONCLUSION:
24
SPARK OVER CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH VOLTAGE A C

AIM : Spark over characteristics of air subjected to HVAC with spark voltage corrected to STP for
Uniform and non uniform: Square – Square, Point - Point and Point Plane.
HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER PANEL DETAILS
A C VOLTAGE kV DC VOLTAGE kV SPHERE GAP IN MM
0-50kV 0-70kV 0-150 MM
SPHERE GAP CONTROL

1 PHASE 230V AC HT ON TRIP
LAMP INDICATOR SPHERE GAP IN MM
RED
MAINS ON
ON HT ON HT OFF INCR. DECR
SWITCH
DP MCB GREEN +VE - VE
RED BUTTON % OF MAX. VOLTAGE
OFF SWITCH SWITCH CONTROL
OUT PUT VOLTAGE
SWITCH
AC DC
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
EL
R L 10 MΩ
0-100 mA
CONTROL 0 0
PANEL PLANE POINT
WITH
REGULATOR R
230 V PLANE PLANE
230V ACS 50KV
50Hz.
HV Transformer
0 - 230 V / 0-50KV AC/70 KV DC,
d = diameter of spheres 100 mm. S = Spacing in cm. R = Resistance

EL= H.V.Electrode D= Diode
25
THEORY : Refer Books.
PROCEDURE:
1) Ensure that all the supply switches should be in OFF position.
2) Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.
3) Adjust sphere gap setting to 0.5 cm, come out from the H V Transformer room and close the door.
4) Now select the DC switch for measurement of HVAC.
5) Keeping the Panel board auto transformer in zero position, now switch ON the single phase supply.
6) Vary the auto transformer slowly till the flash over of sphere.
7) Repeat the procedure for 3- 4 set of readings for different sets of spheres gaps (0.5, 1.0 & 1.5 cm)
8) copy the readings of V from the panel voltmeter in Kv.
9) Repeat the same procedure for different electrode.
Tabular column: HVAC

Square-Square Electrode (Uniform field)
S No. gap spacing in cm Break down voltage V in KV Average break down Potential Gradient
Voltage V in KV KV/cm
1 0.5 cm
2 1.0cm
3 1.5cm
Point –Point Electrode (Uniform field)
1 0.5 cm
2 1.0cm
3 1.5cm
Plane –Plane Electrode (Uniform field)
1 0.5 cm
2 1.0cm
3 1.5cm
Plane – Point Electrode (Non uniform field)
1 0.5 cm
2 1.0cm
3 1.5cm
26
Calculations:
Average break down voltage

Potential gradient = ------------------------------------------ --------- kv/cm.
Gap spacing
Draw the flash over characteristics: gap in spacing v/s Potential gradient.
27

SPARK OVER CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH VOLTAGE D C

AIM: Spark over characteristics of air subjected to HVDC with spark voltage corrected to STP for
Uniform and non uniform: Square – Square, Point - Point and Point Plane.
0-50kV 0-70kV 0-150 MM
SPHERE GAP CONTROL

RED
MAINS ON
SWITCH
OUT PUT VOLTAGE
SWITCH
AC DC
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
EL
R L 10 MΩ D
- --- -
CONTROL 0 0 Square
PANEL + PLANE POINT
WITH C
REGULATOR R Square
230 V -- PLANE PLANE
230V ACS 50KV
50Hz.
HV Transformer
0- 230 V/ 50KV AC/70KV DC,

28

PROCEDURE:
1) Ensure that all the supply switches should be in OFF position.
2) Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.
3) Adjust sphere gap setting to 0.5 cm , come out from the H V Transformer room and close the door.
4) Now select the DC switch for measurement of HVDC.
5) Keeping the Panel board auto transformer in zero position, now switch ON the single phase supply.
6) Vary the auto transformer slowly till the flash over of sphere.
7) Repeat the procedure for 3- 4 set of readings for different sets of spheres gaps (0.5, 1.0 & 1.5 cm)
8) copy the readings of V from the panel voltmeter in Kv.
9) Repeat the same procedure for different electrode.
29

Tabular column: HVDC

Square-Square Electrode (Uniform field)
S No. Gap spacing in cm Break down voltage V in KV Average break down Potential Gradient
1 0.5 cm
2 1.0cm
3 1.5cm
Point –Point Electrode (Uniform field)
1 0.5 cm
2 1.0cm
3 1.5cm
Plane –Plane Electrode (Uniform field)
1 0.5 cm
2 1.0cm
3 1.5cm
Plane – Point Electrode (Non Uniform field)
1 0.5 cm
2 1.0cm
3 1.5cm
Calculations:
Average break down voltage
Potential gradient = ------------------------------------------ --------- kv/cm.
Gap spacing
Draw the flash over characteristics: graph in spacing v/s Potential gradient.
30

MEASUREMENT HIGH VOLTAGE A C

AIM : Measurement High voltage .(AC)
0-50kV 0-70kV 0-150 MM
SPHERE GAP CONTROL

RED
MAINS ON
SWITCH
OUT PUT VOLTAGE
SWITCH
AC DC
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
EL
RL 10 MΩ
MEASURING
CONTROL 0 0 SPHERE GAP
PANEL
WITH RM S
REGULATOR 280MΩ d
230 V
230V ACS 50KV TO CONTROL PANEL
50Hz.
HV Transformer
0- 230/ 50KV, 70KV DC.
d = diameter of spheres 100 mm.
EL= H.V.Electrode
S = Spacing in cm.
RL= Current limiting resistor
RM= Measuring resistor
31

Equipments Required:
S No. Equipment required Quantity

1 H V Transformer 0-50KV 01
2 Measuring resistor 01
3 Current limiting resistor 01
4 Sphere gap assembly set 01
5 Barometer 01
6 Thermometer 01
7 Control desk 01
8 Connecting wires etc. Few Nos.
PROCEDURE:
1) Ensure that all the supply switches should be in OFF position and enter the High Voltage Room.
2) Discharge the stray charges of all the equipment points in the room by touching them with the
ground rod.
3) Connect the output of the H.V. Transformer to the input of the sphere gap equipment.
4) First ensure that the door of the chamber is closed. This is indicated by the DOOR CLOSE indicator
on the panel.
5) Switch ON the mains. Once the mains voltage is applied the MAINS ON indicator glows.
6) Set the autotransformer initially to Zero position. Once it is brought to Zero, the UNIT READY
indicator glows.
7) Set the sphere gap distance using the INCREASE and DECREASE buttons on the control panel.
8) Once the gap distance is set, press the HT ON button on the control panel.
9) Increase the voltage slowly by varying the auto transformer, till spark over occurs. Note the voltage
At which spark over occurs.
10) Once the spark over take place, it is indicated by the SAMPLE FAILED indicator on the control
Panel.
11)For a single spacing repeat the procedure three times and take the Average value of the break
down.
12) Repeat the procedure for different gap spacing and plot a graph of spacing V S breakdown
Voltage.
CAUTION
Every time the gap spacing has to be changed manually inside the room ( for sphere , point and
plane electrode etc.) Ensure that the mains are switched OFF, before entering the room. Always
discharge all the equipments using the grounding rod, before touching any equipment. This is
necessary to discharge any static charge on the conducting surfaces.
32

Tabular column: Measurement of HVAC
S No. Sphere gap Measured Peak Average Peak Std. Voltage from V1- V __
spacing in Voltage V in KV Voltage V in KV the Table Vo ( ISI) V1 =K x VO % Error= --------- x100
cm 10 cm Sphere V1
1 0.5 cm
2 1.0cm
3 1.5cm
Calculations:
Measurement of HVAC
With reference to gap spacing from table V0 = ------ KV.
Measure the Air Temperature t = ------ C0
Air density factor d = (P/760) (293/273+t) Take air Pressure P =738 mm of Hg

d = ----------
d value to K Refer From table 2 standard correction factor K
Measured voltage from sphere gap
V1= KV0
V1 - V
% Error = ----------- X100
V1
33

Table 7.4 Sphere gap spark over voltage in kv (peak)in air for ac, dc and impulse voltage of either
polarity for symmetrical sphere gaps at temperature 200C and pressure 760
Gap Sphere diameter(cm) Remarks

Spacing
5 10 15 25 50 100 150 200
(cm)
0.5 17.5 16.9 16.5 For spacing less than
1.0 32.2 31.6 31.3 31.0 0.5 D the accuracy is
1.5 46.1 45.8 45.5 45.0 ± 3% and for spacing
2.0 58.3 59.3 59.2 59.0 ≤ 0.5D the accuracy
2.5 69.4 72.4 72.9 73.0 is ± 5%.
3.0 (79.3) 84.9 85.8 86.0
4.0 107.0 111.0 113.0 112.0
5.0 128.0 134.0 138.0 138.0 137.0 137.0 137.0
8.0 (177) 194.0 207.0 214.0
10.0 248.0 263.0 266.0 267.0 267.0
12.0 286.0 309.0
14.0 320.0 353.0
16.0 352.0 394.0
18.0 452.0
20.0 495.0 504.0 511.0 511.0
25.0 558.0 613.0 628.0 632.0
30.0 744.0 741.0 746.0
35.0 812.0 848.0 860.0
40.0 902.0 950.0 920.0
50.0 1070.0 1140.0 1180.0
60.0 (1210) 1320.0 1380.0
70.0 1490.0 1560.0
80.0 (1640) 1730.0
90.0 1900.0
100.0
Table 2: Relation between correction factor K and air density
d 0.70 0.72 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.0 1.05 1.10 1.15
k 0.72 0.77 0.82 0.86 0.91 0.95 1.0 1.05 1.09 1.12
34

MEASUREMENT HIGH VOLTAGE D C
AIM : Measurement High voltage .(DC)
0-50kV 0-70kV 0-150 MM
SPHERE GAP CONTROL

RED
MAINS ON
SWITCH
OUT PUT VOLTAGE
SWITCH
AC DC
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
EL
R L 10 MΩ D
-
A CONTROL 0 0
PANEL
WITH C
REGULATOR R
230 V
230V ACS 50KV
50Hz.
HV Transformer
0- 230/50KV AC, 70KV DC.

35

Tabular column: Measurement of HVDC
S No. Sphere gap Measured Peak Average Peak Std. Voltage from V1- V __
spacing in Voltage V in KV Voltage V in KV the Table Vo ( ISI) V1 =K x VO % Error= --------- x100
cm 10 cm Sphere V1
1 0.5 cm
2 1.0cm
3 1.5cm
Calculations:
Measurement of HVDC
With reference to gap spacing From table V0 = ------ KV.
Measure the Air Temperature t = ------ C0
Air density factor d = (P/760) (293/273+t) Take air Pressure P =738 mm of Hg

d = ----------
d value to K Refer From table 2 standard correction factor K
Measured voltage from sphere gap
V1= KV0
V1 - V
% Error = ----------- X100
V1
36

BREAKDOWN STRENGTH OF TRANSFORMER OIL
AIM: To determine the Breakdown strength of the given Transformer oil at a specified gap distance.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S No. Name of the equipment Quantity

1 0-60)KV oil test kit 1
2 Transformer oil. 1
3 Gap measuring gauge strip. 1
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Transformer oil
H V Transformer Electrode
Jar
0 0
0-60Kv
60Kv
230V
230V 50 Hz ACS
1 - Phase Autotransformer
0-230V AC.
THEORY : Refer Books
PROCEDURE:
1. Clean the transformer oil container properly.

2. Adjust the electrodes in the oil test cup for the required gap and lock it in position with the
help of screws provided.
3. The oil to be tested is poured slowly into the testing vessel, avoids bubble formation and then
left to stand for about 5 min. before the voltage is applied.
4. Close the door and keep the dimmerstat in zero position. Switch ON the MAINS. Unit ready
indicator will glow then press ‘HT ON’ push button, HT ON indicator will glow.
5. Increase the voltages gradually until the break down occurs.
6. Press the Memory push button and find the exact breakdown voltage.
7. Repeat the same procedure for 5 times and note down break over voltage at each case.
8. The average value (from from to 5th reading) gives the break over voltage of given insulating
oil.
37

TABULAR COLUMN:
S No. V1(kV) V2(kV) V3( kV ) V4( kV ) V5( kV ) Vav ( kV )
Distance between electrodes: 0.25 cm
V 1 +V 2 +V 3 +V4 +V5
Vav = ----------------------------------
5
Average value of break over voltage is ----------- kV
Average Break over Voltage

Dielectric strength of oil = ---------------------------------------- ----------- kV/Cm
Gap between Electrodes
VAV
= ---------- ------------ kV/Cm
0.25
Dielectric strength of insulating oil is ____________ kV / Cm.
38

FIELD MAPPING
AIM: To calculate the capacitance of the Parallel Plate model, plot the equipotential and field lines.
Apparatus Required:
S No. Description Quantity

1 Electrolytic tank with pantograph arrangement 01
2 Isolation transformer 01
3 Parallel Plate model 01
4 Multi meter 01
5 Connecting wires ( Patch Chords) 02
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
Isolation Transformer
-
0
0
0-30V
230V ACS 230V 30V -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

50Hz. ---------------
1 - Phase Autotransformer
0-230V AC. Water Tank
PROCEDURE:
1) The electrodes as well as the inside surface of the tank should be cleaned.
2) Parallel plate model is placed inside the electrolytic tank.
3) Clean water is poured into the electrolytic tank up to the tips of the plates
4) Now drawing sheet is fixed on the glass plate of the electrolytic tank.
5) Connections are made as per the circuit diagram and keep multimeter knob in the AC mode.
6) Switch ON the supply.
7) Keep the pantograph needle on any one of the electrodes, then applying a small voltage of 20 Volts
by using auto Transformer.
8)First trace both the plates by using pantograph then trace equipotential lines corresponding to
voltages of 3V, 6V, 9V, 12, 15,18 V. mark them on drawing sheet.
9) Now start to trace 3V equipotential line where appears and mark on the drawing sheet till end of
the linear points.
10) Repeat the procedure No. 8 for 6V, 9V, 12V, 15V & 18V.
39

Calculations:
Details Measurements of Parallel plate Model.

Distance between the electrode d = 15.4 cm
Height of the electrode h = 7.5 cm
Length of the electrode l = 15.4 cm
By conducting experiment find the values of the following graphically:

m = No. of cells in series = -----
n = No. of cells in Parallel = -----
l’ = length of each cell = -----
b = height of each cell = -----
Standard values:
Permittivity Ɛ0 = 8.854x10—12
Relative permittivity Ɛr = 80.37
m lxh
Cth = Ɛ0 Ɛr x ----- x ------ - - - - - - Farads
n d
m l’
CExpt. = Ɛ0 Ɛr x ----- x ------ x h -- - - - - Farads
n b
CExpt -- Cth
% Error = --------------- x 100 -------- %
CExpt

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S. S.

Education Trust’s CET Code: E-175 (UG)/T-942 (PG)

S. G. BALEKUNDRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

VII SEMESTER B.E. (E&E)

RELAY & HIGH VOLTAGE LAB

Prepared By: Approved By:

S. G. BALEKUNDRI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

VII SEMESTER B.E. E&E

RELAY & HIGH VOLTAGE LAB (18EEL77)

S No Name of the Equipments Page No.

ELECTROMECHANICAL OVER CURRENT RELAY

S No. Apparatus required Quantity

RELAY PANEL DETAILS:

0-10 A TIMER EM OVER CURRENT RELAY

Digital Ammeter Digital timer

RELAY ON RELAY TRIP

S1 OUTPUT CURRENT S2 T1 TIMER INPUT T2 AC1 AC2 C1 C2

RELAY AUX.CONTACT. RELAY COIL

CURRENT VARAIC Step down Transformer

THEORY: Refer Books.

Time setting Plug Multiplier Load Current Operating Time

0.5 Sec 0.75A

0.8 Sec 0.75A

Time setting Plug Multiplier Load Current Operating Time

0.5 Sec 1.0A

ELECTROMECHANICAL OVER VOLTAGE RELAY

S No. Apparatus required Quantity

RELAY PANEL DETAILS:

0-400 V AC TIMER EM OVER VOLTAGE RELAY

Digital voltmeter Digital timer

RELAY ON RELAY TRIP

RELAY AUX.CONTACT. RELAY COIL

0 – 600V Relay TIMER

THEORY: Refer Books.

NEGATIVE SEQUENCE RELAY

S No. Apparatus required Quantity

RELAY PANEL DETAILS:

OUT PUT B Phase B Line Negative Sequence R N

THEORY: Refer Books.

TABULAR COLUMN: Balanced operation

S No. Phase Voltage in Volts Line current in Amps IN Amps

TABULAR COLUMN: Unbalanced operation

S No. Phase Voltage in Volts Line current in Amps IN Amps

TABULAR COLUMN: Single Phasing operation

S No. Phase Voltage in Volts Line current in Amps IN Amps

MICROPROCESSOR BASED OVER CURRENT RELAY

S No. Apparatus required Quantity

RELAY PANEL DETAILS:

0 - 10 A TIMER RELAY SETTINGS µC OVER CURRENT RELAY

Digital Ammeter Digital timer 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.10

CURRENT VARAIC Step down Transformer

THEORY: Refer Books.

Toggle switches to select the trip time characteristics.

Trip Time Characteristics S1 S2 S3 S4

Microcontroller over Current Relay Panel:

1) I S=R ¿ Take R = 1 standard value