Relay coordination result from digslient powerfactory.

The relay coordination was done after performing the load flow analysis and short circuit analysis. it is
done how relay is being coordinated in a systematic way and therefore protecting their own zone.

The relay time characteristic was plotted to see the operating time of each relay with respect to different
faults.

A. 3 phase short circuit analysis

Time operation of each relay when 3 phase short circuit was created at busbar

relay SECONDARY FAULT CURRENT OPERATING TIME

T1 33KV 10.623 1.31

T2 33KV 10.623 1.461

FEEDER RELAY 0 NO OPERATION

 IDMT curve plotted for fault at 33KV busbar

Maximum three phase short circuit was created as shown in above figure. As per the fault level different
timing operation was obtained. The vertical lines show the fault current level and operating time of each
feeder. The relay with most minimum time trips first, followed by the second minimum if the first one
fails to clear the fault and the relay with highest time trips at the last. When the fault was created on
33KV bus the feeder relay does not operate and it shows good coordination.

Time operation of each relay when 3 phase short circuit was created at 1% of line length

relay SECONDARY FAULT CURRENT OPERATING TIME

T1 33KV 10.286 1.331

T2 33KV 8.314 1.487

FEEDER RELAY 49.599 0.14

IDMT curve plotted for fault at 1% of the line length

Similarly, 3 phase short circuit was created on the length of feeder line. When it was created on 1% of
length line, the feeder relays fail to operates within its time set. i.e., the feeder relays operate in much
faster time as we can see in the above figure, the vertical line does not intersect with the curve. The
relay at transformer side operates as required. Similarly we have created the fault at different line length
as shown in figure below.

Time operation of each relay when 3 phase short circuit was created at 15% of line length

relay SECONDARY FAULT CURRENT OPERATING TIME

T1 33KV 6.453 1.728

T2 33KV 5.216 1.999

FEEDER RELAY 31.116 0.14

IDMT curve plotted for fault at 15% of the line length

Time operation of each relay when 3 phase short circuit was created at 50% of line length

relay SECONDARY FAULT CURRENT OPERATING TIME

T1 33KV 2.989 3.366
T2 33KV 2.416 4.546
FEEDER RELAY 14.415 0.302
IDMT curve plotted for fault at 50% of the line length

Time operation of each relay when 3 phase short circuit was created at 75% of line length

relay SECONDARY FAULT CURRENT OPERATING TIME

T1 33KV 2.133 5.714
T2 33KV 1.724 10.17
FEEDER RELAY 10.287 0.436
IDMT curve plotted for fault at 75% of the line length

Time operation of each relay when 3 phase short circuit was created at 99% of line length

relay SECONDARY FAULT CURRENT OPERATING TIME

T1 33KV 1.67 11.501
T2 33KV 1.35 -
FEEDER RELAY 8.053 0.574
IDMT curve plotted for fault at 99% of the line length

Time operation of each relay when 3 phase short circuit was created at load point

relay SECONDARY FAULT CURRENT OPERATING TIME

T1 33KV 1.655 11.946
T2 33KV 1.338 -
FEEDER RELAY 7.981 0.58
IDMT curve plotted for fault at load side

After creating a 3-phase short circuit at different line length we observed that the feeder relay does not
operates in required time for certain line length. It does not operate for less than 15% of line length.
Which effects the coordination of the system. Other than that, we can conclude that when the fault
occurs at feeder length (greater than 15%) the feeder relay trips first than the other two transformer
relays. And with the increase in the line length, the fault current decreases and operating time of relay
increase.
 B. Time operation of each relay when 2 phase short circuit was created at 33KV busbar

Similarly, 2 phase short circuit fault was created to check the characteristics of each relay setting.

relay SECONDARY FAULT CURRENT OPERATING TIME

T1 33KV 10.181 1.338
T2 33KV 8.318 1.487
FEEDER RELAY 0.000 0.000

IDMT curve plotted for fault at 33KV busbar

Time operation of each relay when 2 phase short circuit was created at 1%

relay SECONDARY FAULT CURRENT OPERATING TIME

T1 33KV 9.859 1.359
T2 33KV 8.055 1.514
FEEDER RELAY 47.770 0.140
IDMT curve plotted for fault at 1%

Time operation of each relay when 3 phase short circuit was created at 15%

relay SECONDARY FAULT CURRENT OPERATING TIME

T1 33KV 6.384 1.740
T2 33KV 5.216 1.999
FEEDER RELAY 30.933 0.140
IDMT curve plotted for fault at 15%

Time operation of each relay when 3 phase short circuit was created at 50%

relay SECONDARY FAULT CURRENT OPERATING TIME

T1 33KV 3.112 3.208
T2 33KV 2.543 4.194
FEEDER RELAY 15.079 0.288
IDMT curve plotted for fault at 50%

Time operation of each relay when 3 phase short circuit was created at 75%

relay SECONDARY FAULT CURRENT OPERATING TIME

T1 33KV 2.252 5.141
T2 33KV 1.840 8.214
FEEDER RELAY 10.912 0.409
IDMT curve plotted for fault at 75%

Time operation of each relay when 3 phase short circuit was created at 99%

relay SECONDARY FAULT CURRENT OPERATING TIME

T1 33KV 1.776 9.167
T2 33KV 1.451 27.299
FEEDER RELAY 8.607 0.532
IDMT curve plotted for fault at 99%

Time operation of each relay when 3 phase short circuit was created at load point

relay SECONDARY FAULT CURRENT OPERATING TIME

T1 33KV 1.761 9.441
T2 33KV 1.439 29.862
FEEDER RELAY 8.532 0.538
IDMT curve plotted for fault at load point