Speed: 

Speed is the rate of change of distance with time.

Velocity: Velocity is the rate of change of displacement with time.

Temperature: Temperature is the measure of the degree of hotness or coldness of a body

Conduction: Conduction is a process where heat is transferred through a medium from one particle to
another.
Convection: Convection is a process where heat is transferred by the movement of heated particles of a fluid.
Radiation: Radiation is a process where heat is transferred by means of infra-red radiation.
Heat capacity: Heat capacity is the thermal energy needed to change the temperature of the entire substance
by 1 degree Celsius.
Specific heat capacity: Specific heat capacity is the thermal energy needed to change the temperature of a
unit mass of the substance by 1 degree Celsius.
Latent heat of fusion: Latent heat of fusion is the energy required to change the entire substance from solid to
liquid without a change in temperature.
Latent heat of vaporization: Latent heat of vaporization is the energy required to change the entire substance
from liquid to gas without a change in temperature.

Speed: Speed of wave is the distance travelled by the wave over the time taken.
Frequency: Frequency of the wave is the number of oscillations per unit time made by a particle of a wave.
Wavelength: Wavelength is the distance between two successive points on a wave that are in phase.
Period: Period is the time taken for a particle of a wave to complete one oscillation.
Amplitude: Amplitude is the maximum displacement of a particle from its equilibrium position.
Wavefront: A wavefront is an imaginary line or curve that joins all adjacent points of the waves in the same
phase.

Refraction: Refraction is the bending of light rays as they pass from one optical medium to another and
undergo a change in speed.
Refractive index: The refractive index of a medium is the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum to the speed of
light in the medium.
Critical angle: Critical angle is the angle of incidence in the optically denser medium for which the angle of
incidence in the optically less dense medium is 90o.
Total internal reflection: Total internal reflection occurs when light is travelling from an optically denser to an
optically less dense medium and the angle of incidence in the denser medium is greater than critical angle.
Focal length for a converging lens: Focal length is defined as the distance from the optical centre of the lens to
the focal point on the principal axis.

Electromagnetic waves: Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that travel with the same speed in
vacuum and state the magnitude of this speed.
Ultrasound: Ultrasound is sound that has a frequency greater than the higher limit of the human audible
range i.e. 20000 Hz.

Electric field: An electric field is a region in which an electric charge experiences a force.
Current: Current is the rate of flow of charges.
Electromotive force (e.m.f): Electromotive force (e.m.f.) is the work done by a source in driving unit charge
around a
complete circuit.
Potential difference (p.d.): Potential difference (p.d.) across a component in a circuit is the work done to drive
unit charge through the component.
Ohm’s Law: Ohm’s law states that the potential difference across a conductor is proportional to the electric
current passing through it, provided that its temperature remains constant.