Clinical Psychology Journal

Important Information:

 The module numbers in the course do NOT align with the module numbers in the e-text.
Follow the assigned reading schedule provided in the course to stay on track.
 To maintain Academic Integrity and maximize your learning, each response should be written
in complete sentences and in your own words. Please do not copy and paste from the textbook
or another source.
 Questions in bold are frequently tested concepts on the AP Exam.

Lesson 08.01: Psychological Perspectives and Etiology of Disorders

★ Read Unit XII, Module 65 in the e-text to complete this lesson.

Module 65: Introduction to Psychological Disorders

(65–1.1) How does the American Psychological Association define disordered behavior?*

(65–1.2) Brief stories of Marc, Greta, and Stuart are presented in the introduction of the e-text
module. Describe how each of these individuals experience distress - emotionally, cognitively, or
behaviorally.

Marc:

Greta:

Stuart:

(65–2.1) What was the view of mental illness during the Middle Ages?

(65–2.2) How did Phillipe Pinel’s view of mental illness support the idea of moral treatment?

(65–2.3) Compare the biological model and the biopsychosocial model. How do these models
explain mental disorders?*

Biological (Medical) Model Biopsychosocial Model

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 (65–3.1) What purposes can classifying disorders serve?

(65–3.2) Explain the DSM-5.*

(65–3.3) Identify the concerns currently expressed regarding the DSM-5.

(65–3.4) How is the US National Institute of Mental Health combating the criticisms of the DSM-5?

(65–3.5) Discuss the pros and cons of diagnostic labeling.*

(65–3.6) Summarize the research of David Rosenhan.*

(65–4.1) Summarize the information presented in the “Thinking Critically” graphic about ADHD.

(65–5.1) How do mental health professionals and law enforcement work together when dealing with
criminal behavior and punishments?

(65–5.2) Refer to Figure 65.2. Hypothesize why the United States has a higher percentage of mental
disorders compared to other countries.

(65–5.3) Discuss the risk factors that increase vulnerability for mental disorders.*

Take a quick break from the e-text and return to the FLVS lesson. Read through the information,
watch the videos, and add any notes that you think will help your understanding in the box below.

Additional Take notes from the lesson on the following topics:

notes from
Lesson Pg. 2:
08.01
What is abnormal?

Criteria Explain

Unjustifiable

Maladaptive

Atypical

Deviant

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 Pg. 3:

Take notes on the approaches. Think back to think about what you already know
about each perspective or approach.

Approach Brief description What have you already

learned about this? What
key people or terms can
you relate to this
approach?

Biological

Sociocultural

Psychodynamic

Behavioral

Cognitive

Biopsychosocial

Additional Notes:

You have completed all required reading for Lesson 08.01.

STOP

Lesson 08.02: Neurodevelopmental and Schizophrenic Spectrum Disorders

★ Read Unit XII, Module 68 in the e-text to complete this lesson.

Module 68: Schizophrenia

(68–1.1) Identify the primary symptoms of schizophrenia.*

(68–1.2) Describe the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia.*

Positive Symptoms Negative Symptoms

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Hallucinations: Flat affect:

Delusions: Impaired theory of mind:

Disorganized speech: Catatonia:

Note: Positive and negative do not mean GOOD and BAD. Positive symptoms are added
behaviors or traits. Negative symptoms are typical behaviors or traits that are reduced or
taken away.

(68–2.1) What do statistics reveal about the onset of schizophrenia?

(68–2.2) Distinguish between chronic and acute schizophrenia.

(68–3.1) Complete the chart summarizing brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia.*

Brain Abnormality Summary

Dopamine

Abnormal brain activity

Brain anatomy

(68–4.1) What issues can arise during pregnancy that increase the risk of schizophrenia?

(68–5.1) How do genetics contribute to the risk of schizophrenia?

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 (68–5.2) Describe how environmental factors can trigger schizophrenia.

Take a quick break from the e-text and return to the FLVS lesson. Read through the information,
watch the videos, and add any notes that you think will help your understanding in the box below.

Additional Take notes from the lesson on the following topics:

notes from
Lesson Pg. 2:
08.02 Discuss symptoms of schizophrenia.

Symptom Explanation and Examples

Disorganized
Thinking

Disturbed
Perceptions

Inappropriate
Actions and
Emotions

Pg. 3:
Discuss the various subtypes of schizophrenia.

Subtype Description

Paranoid

Disorganized

Catatonic

Undifferentiated

Residual

Pg. 4:
When do these disorders begin?
 Neurodevelopmental:
 Neurocognitive:

Disorder Diagnosis/Causes Treatment

Neurodevelopmental

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 Intellectual
Disability

Autism Spectrum
Disorder

Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD)

Tic Disorder

Specific Learning
Disorder

Neurocognitive

Delirium

Major and Minor

Neurocognitive
Disorder

Additional Notes:

You have completed all required reading for Lesson 08.02.

STOP

Lesson 08.03: Bipolar, Depressive, Anxiety, and Obsessive-Compulsive and

Related Disorders
★ Read Unit XII, Module 66-67 in the e-text to complete this lesson.

Module 66: Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive Compulsive Disorders, and Post-Traumatic Stress
Disorder (PTSD)

(66–1.1) Describe an occasion when you have felt “normal, expected” anxiety.*

(66–1.2) Anxiety disorders are all marked by distressing, persistent anxiety or by

dysfunctional anxiety-reducing behaviors. Complete the provided chart with specific details
related to each anxiety disorder.*

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 Disorder Symptoms Related Vocabulary (Defined)

Generalized anxiety
disorder

Panic disorder

Phobias

(66–1.3) Refer to Figure 66.1. What conclusion can be made regarding prevalence of phobias as
compared to fears?

(66–2.1) Explain the two components of obsessive-compulsive disorder.*

(66–2.2) When discussing OCD, what distinguishes behaviors as normal from disordered?

(66–2.3) Which demographic of the population experiences the highest prevalence of OCD?

(66–2.4) Identify other disorders related to OCD.

(66–3.1) Complete the organizer with information related to post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD).*

Summary of Relevant Information

Topic

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Examples of traumatic events

Symptoms of PTSD

Connection of emotional
distress

Genetics & gender

*Note - we will see PTSD again in lesson 8.04.

(66–4.1) How did Freud explain the existence of anxiety disorders?

(66–4.2) When trying to understand anxiety disorders, OCD, & PTSD, several factors are taken
into consideration. Fill in the provided chart with information related to each topic.*

Factor Summary of Relevant Information

Conditioning

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Cognition

Genetics

Brain anatomy

Natural selection

Module 67: Depressive Disorders, Bipolar Disorders, Suicide, and Self-injury

(67–1.1) When reading the first two paragraphs of this section, did you feel a personal connection to
the information? Explain.

(67–1.2) What does the text mean when it says, “depression resembles a sort of psychic
hibernation”?

(67–1.3) Complete the graphic organizer with information pertaining to each disorder.*

Disorder Summary of Symptoms

Major depressive disorder

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Persistent depressive
disorder (dysthymia)

Bipolar disorder

(67–2.1) Summarize the research findings related to depression.

(67–2.2) How does the biological perspective explain depression?*

Biological Factor Summary

Genetics

Brain

Nutrition

(67–2.3) How does the social-cognitive perspective explain depression?

(67–2.4) What role do gender, moods, and thoughts play in depression?*

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 Social-Cognitive Factor Summary

Gender

Explanatory style

Learned helplessness

Culture

(67–2.5) Why is depression considered a cycle?

(67–3.1) Summarize the research presented on suicide and self-injury.

(67–3.2) What three things can you do if someone talks to you about suicide?

Take a quick break from the e-text and return to the FLVS lesson. Read through the information,
watch the videos, and add any notes that you think will help your understanding in the box below.

Additional Take notes from the lesson on the following topics:

notes from
Lesson Pg. 2:
08.03 How do each of the approaches explain anxiety? How does this relate to what you
already know about this approach?

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 Approach Explanation

Psychodynamic

Behavioral

Cognitive

How is obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) different from obsessive-

compulsive personality disorder (OCPD)?

Pg. 3:
How do each of the approaches explain depressive disorders? How does this
relate to what you already know about this approach?

Approach Explanation

Psychodynamic

Behavioral/
Social-Cognitive

Biological

Pg. 4:
Describe the two poles of mood in bipolar disorder.
 Mania:
 Depression:

What are some treatments for bipolar disorder?

Why do some patients stop taking their medication?

How is cyclothymia different from bipolar disorder?

You have completed all required reading for Lesson 08.03.

STOP

Lesson 08.04: Trauma- and Stressor-Related, Dissociative, and Somatic

Symptom and Related Disorders
★ Read Unit XII, Modules 69-1 through 69-2 in the e-text to complete this lesson.

Module 69: Other Disorders

(69–1.1) How are somatic symptom disorders characterized?*

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 (69–1.2) Discuss some of the common identifiers of conversion disorder.*

(69–1.3) What role does reinforcement play in illness anxiety disorder?

(69–2.1) Summarize the symptoms associated with dissociative identity disorder.*

(69–2.2) Discuss the conflicting ideas on the prevalence and legitimacy of DID.

Take a quick break from the e-text and return to the FLVS lesson. Read through the information,
watch the videos, and add any notes that you think will help your understanding in the box below.

Additional Take notes from the lesson on the following topics:

notes from
Lesson Pg. 2:
08.04 What are some of the effects of psychological stress?

Disorder Effects

Acute Stress Disorder

(ASD)

Post-Traumatic
Stress Disorder
(PTSD)

You have completed all required reading for Lesson 08.04.

STOP

Lesson 08.05: Feeding and Eating and Personality Disorders

★ Read Unit XII, Modules 69-3 through 69-4 in the e-text to complete this lesson.

Module 69: Other Disorders

(69–3.1) There are 10 total personality disorders recognized in the DSM-5 organized into three
clusters. Identify the three clusters.

1.
2.
3.

(69–3.2) What common characteristics are shared amongst those who have antisocial
personality disorder?*

(69–3.3) Explain the genetic connections that have been made with antisocial personality disorder.

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 (69–3.4) Identify the observations made regarding the brains of individuals with antisocial
personality disorder.*

(69–4.1) Complete the organizer related to the eating disorders provided.

Disorder Symptoms Who is most likely to suffer from the

disorder?

Anorexia

Bulimia

Binge-eating

(69–4.2) How do culture and gender pertain to eating disorders?

(69–4.3) What influence do peers and the media have on body image?

Take a quick break from the e-text and return to the FLVS lesson. Read through the information,
watch the videos, and add any notes that you think will help your understanding in the box below.

Additional Take notes from the lesson on the following topics:

notes from
Lesson Pg. 2:
08.05 Complete the graphic organizer on personality disorders

Cluster Type Disorders associated with Characteristics

this cluster

Dramatic or
Erratic

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 Odd or Eccentric

Anxious or
Fearful

How do each of the approaches explain Personality Disorders? How does this
relate to what you already know about this approach?

Approach Explanation

Psychodynamic

Behavioral

Biological

Sociocultural

Pg. 3:
Explain the characteristics of Feeding and Eating disorders.

Disorder Characteristics

Feeding Disorders

Pica

Rumination

Avoidant/restrictive
food intake
disorder

Eating Disorders

Anorexia nervosa

Bulimia nervosa

Binge eating
disorder

What are some of the warning signs of eating disorders?

You have completed all required reading for Lesson 08.05.

STOP

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 Lesson 08.06: Psychological Perspectives and Treatment of Disorders
★ Read Unit XIII, Module 70 in the e-text to complete this lesson.

Module 70: Introduction to Therapy and Psychodynamic and Humanistic Therapies

(70–1.1) Briefly summarize the history of treatment for mental illnesses.*

(70–1.2) Summarize the two categories of treatments used in western society.

(70–1.3) What is meant by eclectic therapy?

(70–2.1) Complete the chart with information about psychoanalysis.*

Name of Founder Goals of Psychoanalysis Define the Techniques Used

(70–2.2) How does psychodynamic therapy differ from psychoanalytic therapy?

(70–3.1) How does humanistic therapy incorporate insight therapy?

(70–3.2) Describe Rogers’ client-centered therapy.*

(70–3.3) Identify the traits Rogers felt therapists should possess.*

(70–3.4) Summarize the techniques used during client-centered therapy.*

Take a quick break from the e-text and return to the FLVS lesson. Read through the information,
watch the videos, and add any notes that you think will help your understanding in the box below.

Additional Take notes from the lesson on the following topics:

notes from
Lesson Pg. 2:
08.06 What are some of the key components of each type of therapy?

● Psychotherapy:
● Insight therapy:
● Action therapy:
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 ● Biomedical Therapy:

How are they used together?

Pg. 3:
What are some of the characteristics and techniques used in psychoanalysis?

How do these terms relate?

● Free association:
● Freudian slip:
● Transference:
● Dream interpretation:
● Manifest content:
● Latent Content:
● Psychodynamic

What are some criticisms of psychoanalytic therapy?

Pg. 4:
What are some of the characteristics and techniques used in humanistic therapy?

How do these terms relate?

● Client-centered therapy or person-centered therapy
● Unconditional positive regard
● Nondirective
● Reflection or mirroring
● Empathy
● Authenticity
● Gestalt therapy

You have completed all required reading for Lesson 08.06.

STOP

Lesson 08.07: Behavioral, Cognitive, and Group Therapy and Evaluating

Treatments
★ Read Unit XIII, Modules 71-72 in the e-text to complete this lesson.

Module 71: Behavior, Cognitive, and Group Therapies

(71–1.1) How did behavior therapy differ from psychoanalysis and humanistic therapy?*

(71–1.2) How was classical conditioning used to help stop bed-wetting?

(71–1.3) What is the goal of counterconditioning?

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(71–1.4) Complete the chart with details explaining the techniques used in
counterconditioning techniques.*

Technique Explanation of Use Create Original Example

Exposure therapies

Systematic desensitization

Virtual reality exposure

therapy

(71–1.5) Summarize the intention of aversive therapy.*

(71–2.1) How were Skinner’s principles of operant conditioning applied to therapy?*

(71–2.2) Explain token economies.* Create an original example of how this could be used in
real life.

(71–2.3) What concerns have been expressed regarding behavior modification?

(71–3.1) Identify the purpose of cognitive therapy.*

(71–3.2) Complete the chart comparing types of cognitive therapy.*

Name of Therapy Created By Technique Used

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Rational-emotive
behavior therapy
(REBT)

Beck’s cognitive
therapy

(71–3.3) Explain cognitive-behavioral therapy.*

(71–3.4) Which disorders see the greatest benefits from using CBT?

(71–4.1) Identify the benefits of group therapy.

(71–4.2) What is the purpose of family therapy?

(71–4.3) How are self-help groups most beneficial?

Module 72: Evaluating Psychotherapies

(72–1.1) Evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy from the client and therapist’s
perspective.*

(72–1.2) Does research support psychotherapy as an effective treatment for mental illness? Support
your answer with details from the reading.

(72–2.1) Though there is not one form of therapy that is considered “better” than another. Some
forms of therapy are more effective with specific disorders. Elaborate on this idea with evidence from
the reading.

(72–2.2) What is evidence-based practice?

(72–3.1) Summarize the alternative therapies presented in the chart.

Therapy Summary of Use

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 EMDR

Light exposure therapy

(72–4.1) When thinking about the big picture, how does psychotherapy help those with mental
illness?

(72–5.1) How can culture influence the effectiveness of psychotherapy?

(72–6.1) What are some symptoms that should never be ignored when considering getting
professional help?

Take a quick break from the e-text and return to the FLVS lesson. Read through the information,
watch the videos, and add any notes that you think will help your understanding in the box below.

Additional Take notes from the lesson on the following topics:

notes from
Lesson Pg. 3:
08.07 Watch the Flip It video: Outcome Research - Applying Science to Therapy.

Fill out the graphic organizer on the effectiveness of various treatments

Perspective Pros and Cons Best use

Psychoanalysis Pros:

Cons:

Humanistic Pros:

Cons:

Behavioral Pros:
Therapy and
Modification Cons:

Cognitive Pros:

Cons:

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 Pg. 4:
Explain each of the four main challenges faced by clients and therapists.

1. Language:
2. Cultural Barriers:
3. Social Class:
4. Nonverbal communication:

You have completed all required reading for Lesson 08.07.

STOP

Lesson 08.08: Treatment of Disorders from the Biological Perspective

★ Read Unit XIII, Module 73 in the e-text to complete this lesson.

Module 73: The Biomedical Therapies and Preventing Psychological Disorders

(73–1.1) What is the purpose of biomedical therapy?*

(73–1.2) Summarize the information presented in the “Thinking Critically” graphic.

(73–2.1) What has been the major influence of psychopharmacology on the mental health
community?

(73–2.2) When researching new drugs, what procedures need to be followed? What biases are
trying to be controlled for?*

(73–2.3) Complete the chart with information related to the drug therapies listed.*

Type of Drug Disorder(s) Treated Name of Medication Side Effects

Antipsychotic

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Antianxiety

Antidepressant

Mood-stabilizer

*See the chart on pg. 2 of the lesson for more information.

(73–3.1) How has ECT changed since it was first introduced?

(73–3.2) Who has seen the greatest benefit from using ECT?

(73–3.3) Summarize the “alternative neurostimulation therapies”.

Therapy Summary Potential Side Effects

tDCS

rTMS

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 Deep brain
stimulation

(73–3.4) Provide a brief history on psychosurgery.

(73–4.1) How can mental health problems be prevented?

(73–4.2) Explain resilience and posttraumatic growth.

Take a quick break from the e-text and return to the FLVS lesson. Read through the information,
watch the videos, and add any notes that you think will help your understanding in the box below.

Additional Take notes from the lesson on the following topics:

notes from
Lesson Pg. 2:
08.08 Watch the Flip It video: How Drug Therapy Works.

● What are some side effects of medications?

Pg. 3:
What techniques are being used to prevent disorders?

You have completed all required reading for Lesson 08.08.

STOP

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