ANDERSON SECONDARY SCHOOL

O Preliminary Examination 2022

Secondary Four Express

CANDIDATE NAME:

CLASS: / INDEX NUMBER:

BIOLOGY 6093/02
Paper 2 26 August 2022
1 hour 45 minutes
1045h – 1230h

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your index number and name on all work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen on both sides of the paper.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Section A
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper

Section B
Answer all questions
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each

question or part question.

This document consists of 23 printed pages

Setter: Mdm Lum Yoke Wah

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SECTION A
Answer all the questions
Write your answers in the spaces provided.

1 The diagram Fig. 1.1 shows the human digestive system.

A
J

H G

D
E
Fig. 1.1

(a) Use letters from the diagram to answer these questions.

Some of the answers may be one letter and some may require more than one letter.

(i) Where is amylase made? ……………………………………………………..

(ii) Where are faeces stored? …………………………………………………….

(iii) Where is protein digested? ……………………………...…………………... [3]

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(b) Describe and explain how the structure of the small intestine is adapted for absorbing
digested food.

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2 Fig. 2.1 shows an organ, X, and its associated blood vessels P, Q and R.

Fig. 2.1

Organ X is involved in the following processes:

• the metabolism of amino acids,
• the breakdown of chemical substances, including alcohol.

(a) Name organ X and each of its associated blood vessels.

organ X ......................................................................

blood vessel P ......................................................................

blood vessel Q ......................................................................

blood vessel R ...................................................................... [4]

(b) Compare the structure of the blood vessels P and R in Fig.2.1.

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3 A potometer is used to measure water uptake by a plant.

Fig. 3.1 shows the stem and flower of a plant in a potometer. As water is taken up, the
bubble moves in the direction shown.

Fig. 3.1

(a) Describe and explain the pathway taken by water as it moves from the potometer
through the plant stem and eventually into the surrounding air.

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(b) In an experiment, the bubble moved a distance of 60 mm in 10 minutes.

Calculate the rate at which the bubble moved in mm per min.

………………….......... mm per min

[1]

(c) The experiment was repeated in an area of lower light intensity.

Predict and explain what would happen to the rate at which the bubble moved.

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4 The human kidney acts as an organ of excretion and an organ of osmoregulation.

(a) What is meant by the term osmoregulation?

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(b) Name one other organ in the human body that is an organ of excretion.

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(c) The table shows the concentration of two substances in blood plasma and in urine.

(i) Explain how the kidney ensures that there is no protein in the urine.

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(ii) Explain why the body does not excrete glucose and how this is achieved by the
kidney.

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5 Fig. 5.1 shows a section through an eye with the iris and parts labelled A, B
and C.

Fig. 5.1

(a) State the names of A, B and C.

A ……………………………….

B ……………………………….

C ………………………………. [3]

(b) Describe the changes that take place in the iris when moving into the dark room and
explain how they help you to see more clearly.

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6 Flowers are reproductive organs. They help flowering plants with sexual reproduction.

(a) Suggest how sexual reproduction makes it more likely that a species can adapt to a
changing environment.

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(b) Some flowering plants transfer their male gametes (pollen) by using insects and
others use wind. The diagram shows a plant that is wind-pollinated.

With reference to the above diagram suggest two ways that show the plant is wind-
pollinated.

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(c) Some people have an allergy to pollen produced by flowering plants. This is known as
hay fever.
Allergies are caused by the body cells reacting to the proteins on the surface of the
pollen grains.
Explain how the body usually responds to foreign pathogens.

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7 Fig. 7.1 shows a Bengal tiger.

Fig. 7.1

Fur colour in the Bengal tiger is controlled by a single gene. The dominant allele of the
gene results in orange fur. A single change in this gene produces a recessive allele,
which results in white fur in tigers with the homozygous recessive genotype.

(a) Define the term gene.

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(b) State the term used to describe a change in a gene.

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(c) Using the letters T (orange) and t (white) to represent the alleles that control the fur
colour, complete the genetic diagram to show how two tigers with orange fur may give
rise to offspring with white fur.

Parental phenotype: orange fur female x orange fur male

Parental genotype: .......... x .......... [1]

Gametes: …... …… x …… …… [1]

……… ……… ……… .…….. [1]

F1 generation genotype: ………. : ………. : ………. [1]

F1 generation phenotype: ………. Orange fur : ………. white fur [1]

(d) Bengal tigers have dark stripes on their fur. Suggest why the pattern of stripes is not
affected by whether the fur is orange or white.

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(e) The stripes are also unique to each individual tiger and there are no two tigers with
exactly the same pattern of stripes. Why is this so?

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[Total: 10]

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SECTION B

Answer three questions.

Question 10 is in the form of an Either/Or

Only one part should be answered.

8 A student wants to investigate osmosis using potato tissue.

(a) What is meant by the term osmosis?

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(b) The student puts 90 cm3 of glucose solution of different concentrations into six
different plastic cups. He then puts one raw potato strip into each cup.
The potato strips were all of the same mass and shape at the start of the investigation.
After 12 hours the strips were removed and the volume of solution in the plastic cups
is measured. The table shows the results.

concentration of volume of volume of solution

cup glucose solution in solution at start in cup after 12
plastic cup / mol dm-3 / cm3 hours / cm3
1 0.0 90 84

2 0.2 90 88

3 0.4 90 93

4 0.6 90 95

5 0.8 90 95

6 1.0 90 95

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Plot a point-to-point line graph of this data on the grid provided showing volume of
solution remaining in the cup after 12 hours against concentration of glucose solution
in plastic cup. [3]

(c) Use your graph to estimate the concentration of the cell sap in the potato cells.
Explain your answer.

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(d) Describe and explain how the volume of solution remaining in the cup changes
from its original volume of 90 cm3 when the concentration of glucose solution in
plastic cup changes from 0 mol dm-3 to 0.6 mol dm-3.

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(e) Explain why the volume of solution remaining in the cup after 12 hours is constant at
95 cm3 even when the concentration of glucose solution in plastic cup increased from
0.6 mol dm-3 to 1.0 mol dm-3.

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[Total: 10]

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9 The table shows the number of deaths in the United Kingdom in 2010 caused by cancer,
lung diseases and circulatory diseases. The table also shows the number of these deaths
caused by smoking.

number of these deaths

cause of death total number of deaths
caused by smoking
cancer 66000 38000

lung diseases 46000 22000

circulatory diseases 138000 20000

(a) Calculate the percentage of the total number of deaths that are caused by smoking.
Show your working.

Percentage ….................% [1]

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(b) Emphysema is a lung disease that is usually caused by smoking. The diagram shows
a cross section through two alveolar clusters X and Y. Alveolar cluster X is from a
non-smoker and alveolar cluster Y is from a smoker suffering from emphysema.

Explain how smoking can cause emphysema.

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(c) Smoking can increase the risk of developing coronary heart disease.
Explain how coronary heart disease can cause death.

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10 Either

(a) Insulin is an important hormone to control the level of blood glucose.

Describe what happens in the body when blood glucose level rises.

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(b) Describe how bacteria can be genetically modified to produce human insulin.

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10 Or

Fig. 10.1 shows bacteria growing on the surface of a dish containing nutrient jelly. Paper
discs, such as M and N, were soaked in solutions of different antibiotics and placed on top
of the growing bacteria. A clear area on the jelly indicates that bacteria in that area have
been killed.

(a) Use the information above, and your knowledge of the process of natural selection, to
describe and explain the difference in appearance of the jelly surrounding discs M and
N.

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(b) Describe how the process of artificial selection differs from that of natural selection.
Include reference to the production of one named economically important plant or
animal in your answer.

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[Total: 10]

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