22-24

Maths (XI+JEE/CET)

Date: 30/11/2022
Hints to Complex Numbers

6
 1
1. (i). By using Binomial Theorem, the expression  x   can be expanded as
 x
6 2 3 4 5 6
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 x   = 6C0(x)6 + 6C1(x)5   + 6C2(x)4   + 6C3(x)3   + 6C4(x)2   + 6C5(x)   + 6C6  
 x  x
  x
  x
  x
  x
  x
1  1   1   1   1  1
= x6 + 6(x)5   + 15(x)4  2
 + 20(x)3  3  + 15(x)2  4  + 6(x)  5   6
x x  x  x  x  x
15 6 1
= x6 + 6x4 + 15x2 + 20 + 2  4  6 .
x x x

(ii). 101 can be expressed as the sum or difference of two numbers whose powers are easier to
calculate and then, Binomial Theorem can be applied.
It can be written that, 101 = 100 + 1
 (101)4 = (100 + 1)4
= 4C0(100)4 + 4C1(100)3(1) + 4C2(100)2(1)2 + 4C3(100)(1)3 + 4C4(1)4
= (100)4 + 4(100)3 + 6(100)2 + 4(100) + (1)4
= 100000000 + 4000000 + 60000 + 400 + 1 = 104060401.

n
(iii). By Binomial Theorem, 
r 0
n
C r an – r br = (a + b)n

n
By putting b = 3 and a = 1 in the above equation, we obtain 
r 0
n
C r (1)n – r (3)r = (1 + 3)n

n
 3
r 0
r n
Cr = 4n

Hence , proved.

(iv). 0.99 = 1 – 0.01

 (0.99)5 = (1 – 0.01)5
= 5C0(1)5 – 5C1(1)4(0.01) + 5C2(1)3 (0.01)2 (Approximately)
= 1 – 5 (0.01) + 10(0.01)2
= 1 – 0. 05 + 0.001
= 1.001 – 0.05
= 0.951
Thus, the value of (0. 99)5 is approximately 0.951.

(v). It is known that the general term, Tr + 1 {which is the (r + 1)th term} in the binomial expansion of
(a + b)n is given by Tr + 1 = nCr an – r br.
Thus, the general term in the expansion of (x2 – yx)12 is Tr + 1 = 12Cr (x2)12 – r (– yx)r
= (– 1)r 12Cr  x24 – 2r  yr  xr
= (– 1)r 12Cr  x24 – r  yr

(vi). It is known that (r + 1)th term, (Tr + 1), in the binomial expansion of (a + b)n is given by Tr + 1 = nCr
an – r br.
Thus, the 4th term in the expansion of (x – 2y)12 is T4 = T3 + 1
= 12C3(x)12 – 3(– 2y)3
12! 9
= (– 1)3   x  (2)3  y3
3!9!
12  11  10
=–  (2)3 x9y3
32
= – 1760 x9y3.
2. (i). (a + b)4 = 4C0a4 + 4C1a3b + 4C2a2b2 + 4C3ab3 + 4C4b4
(a – b)4 = 4C0a4 – 4C1a3b + 4C2a2b2 – 4C3ab3 + 4C4b4
 (a + b)4 – (a – b)4 = 4C0a4 + 4C1a3b + 4C2a2b2 + 4C3ab3 + 4C4b4 – [4C0a4 – 4C1a3b + 4C2a2b2 – 4C3ab3
+ 4C4b4]
= 2(4C1a3b + 4C3ab3)
= 2(4a3b + 4ab3)
= 8ab (a2 + b2)
Next, substitute a = 3 and b = 2 and process.

5 5
 x 1  x 1
(ii). By using Binomial Theorem, the expression    can be expanded as   
3 x 3 x
5 4 3 2 2 3 4 5
x x 1  x  1  x  1  x  1  1
= 5C0   + 5C1     + 5C2     + 5C3     + 5C4    + 5C5  
3 3  x  3  x  3  x   3  x  x
x5  x 4  1   x 3  1   x 2  1   x  1  1
= + 5    + 10   2  + 10   3  + 5   4   5
243  81 x
  27
  x  9
  x   3  x  x
x 5 5x 3 10x 10 5 1
=     3 5 .
243 81 27 9x 3x x

(iii). It is known that (r + 1)th term, (Tr + 1), in the binomial expansion of (a + b)n is given by Tr + 1 = nCr
an – r br.
Assuming that x5 occurs in the (r + 1)th term of the expansion (x + 3)8, we obtain
Tr + 1 = 8Cr (x)8 – r(3)r
Comparing the indices of x in x5 and in Tr + 1, we obtain r = 3
8! 8  7  6  5! 3
Thus, the coefficient of x5 is 8C3 (3)3 =  33 =  3 = 1512.
3!5! 3  2  5!

5
2 x
(iv). By using Binomial Theorem, the expression    can be expanded as
 x 2
5 5 4 3 2 2 3 4 5
2 x 2 2  x  2  x  2  x   2  x  x
   = 5C0   – 5C1     + 5C2     – 5C3     + 5C4    – 5C5  
 x 2  x
  x 2
    x 2
    x 2
    x
   2 2
32  16  x   8  x 2   3
 – 10  4  x
  4
 + 5  2  x   x
5
= – 5    + 10  3  
x5  x 4  2   x  4   x 2  8 
  x  16  32
32 40 20 5 x5
= 5
 3 – 5x + x3 – .
x x x 8 32

(v). Firstly, the expression (x + y)4 + (x – y)4 is simplified by using Binomial Theorem.
This can be done as (x + y)4 = 4C0x4 + 4C1x3y + 4C2x2y2 + 4C3xy3 + 4C4y4
= x4 + 4x3y + 6x2y2 + 4xy3 + y4
(x – y) = C0x – C1x y + C2x2y2 – 4C3xy3 + 4C4y4
4 4 4 4 3 4

= x4 – 4x3y + 6x2y2 – 4xy3 + y4

 (x + y)4 + (x – y)4 = 2(x4 + 6x2y2 + y4)
Putting x = a2 and y = a 2  1 , we obtain
4 4
 a 2  a 2  1    a 2  a 2  1  = 2[(a2)4 + 6(a2)2( a 2  1 )2 + ( a 2  1 )4]
   
   
= 2[a8 + 6a4(a2 – 1) + (a2 – 1)2]
= 2[a8 + 6a6 – 6a4 + a4 – 2a2 + 1]
= 2[a8 + 6a6 – 5a4 – 2a2 + 1]
= 2a8 + 12a6 – 10a4 – 4a2 + 2.
3. (i). It is known that (k + 1)th term, (Tk + 1), in the binomial expansion of (a + b)n is given by Tk + 1 = nCk
an – kbk.
Therefore, (r – 1)th term in the expansion of (x + 1)n is Tr – 1 = nCr – 2 (x)n – (r – 2) (1)(r – 2) =
nCr – 2 xn – r + 2

rth term in the expansion of (x + 1)n is Tr = nCr – 1 (x)n – (r – 1) (1)(r – 1) = nCr – 1 xn – r + 1

 (r + 1)th term in the expansion of (x + 1)n is Tr + 1 = nCr (x)n – r (1)r = nCr xn – r
Therefore, the coefficients of the (r – 1)th, rth, and (r + 1)th terms in the expansion of (x + 1)r are
nC
r – 1, and Cr respectively.
n
n n
C r 2 1 C r 1 3
Since these coefficients are in the ratio 1 : 3 : 5, we obtain n
 and n

C r 1 3 Cr 5
n
C r 2 n! (r  1)!(n  r  1)!
 
n
C r 1 (r  2)!(n  r  2)! n!
(r  1)(r  2)!(n  r  1)!
=
(r  2)!(n  r  2)(n  r  1)!
r 1
=
nr 2
r 1 1
 
nr 2 3
 3r – 3 = n – r + 2
 n – 4r + 5 = 0 …(1)
n
C r 1 n! r!(n  r )!
 
n
Cr (r  1)!(n  r  1)! n!
r(r  1)!(n  r )!
=
(r  1)!(n  r  1)(n  r )!
r
=
n r  1
r 3
 
n r  1 5
 5r = 3n – 3r + 3
 3n – 8r + 3 = 0 …(2)
Multiplying (1) by 3 and subtracting it from (2), we obtain 4r – 12 = 0
r=3
Putting the value of r in (1), we obtain
n – 12 + 5 = 0
n=7
Thus, n = 7 and r = 3.

(ii). It is known that (r + 1)th term, (Tr + 1), in the binomial expansion of (a + b)n is given by Tr + 1 = nCr
an – rbr
Assuming that x2 occurs in the (r + 1)th term in the expansion of (3 + ax)9, we obtain
Tr + 1 = 9Cr (3)9 – r (ax)r = 9Cr (3)9 – r ar xr
Comparing the indices of x in x2 and in Tr + 1, we obtain r = 2
9!
Thus, the coefficient of x2 is 9C2 (3)9 – 2 a2 = (3)7 a2 = 36(3)7 a2
2!7!
Assuming that x3 occurs in the (k + 1)th term in the expansion of (3 + ax)9, we obtain
Tk + 1 = 9Ck (3)9 – k (ax)k = 9Ck (3)9 – k akxk
Comparing the indices of x in x3 and in Tk + 1, we obtain k = 3
9!
Thus, the coefficient of x3 is 9C3 (3)9 – 3 a3 = (3)6 a3 = 84(3)6 a3
3!6!
It is given that the coefficients of x2 and x3 are the same.
84(3)6 a3 = 36(3)7 a2
 84a = 36  3
36 3 104
a= 
84 84
9
a=
7
9
Thus, the required value of a is .
7

(iii). In the expansion, (a + b)n = nC0an + nC1an – 1b + nC2an – 2b2 + … + nCn – 1abn – 1 + nCnbn,
Fifth term from the beginning = nC4 an – 4 b4
Fifth term from the end = nCn – 4 a4 bn – 4
n
1  
Therefore, it is evident that in the expansion of  4 2  4  , the fifth term from the beginning is
 3
4 n 4
1   1  
nC n–4  4  
4( 2 )  4  and the fifth term from the end is Cn – 4 ( 2 )  4  .
4 n 4

 3  3
4
 1  n (4 2 )n 1 n ( 4 2 )n 1 n! n
nC
4(
4
2 )n – 4   4
 4  = C4 4 4 . 3 = C4 2  3  6  4!(n  4)! ( 2 ) …(1)
 3 ( 2)
n 4
nC
n–4  2   13 
4 4
4
= nCn – 4  2 
(4 3 )4
4 n
= nCn – 4  2 
( 3)4
3
n

6n!

1
(n  4)!4! ( 4 3 )n
…(2)
  ( 3)
It is given that the ratio of the fifth term from the beginning to the fifth term from the end is
6 : 1.
Therefore, from (1) and (2), we obtain
n! 6n! 1
( 4 2 )n :  = 6 :1
6  4!(n  4)! (n  4)!4! ( 3 )n
4

(4 2 )n 6
 : = 6 :1
6 ( 3 )n
4

(4 2 )n (4 3 )n
   6
6 6
 ( 4 6 )n = 36 6
n 5
 64  62
n 5
 
4 2
5
n=4 = 10
2
Thus, the value of n is 10.