The document outlines 7 basic quality tools used in quality management: 1) Cause and effect diagrams help identify various factors leading to an effect or problem. 2) Check sheets collect quantitative or qualitative data. 3) Control charts determine if a process is stable by comparing data to control limits. 4) Histograms represent frequency distributions clearly. 5) Pareto charts follow the 80/20 rule to highlight major factors. 6) Scatter diagrams depict relationships between two variables. 7) Stratification sorts data into distinct groups to reveal patterns.
The document outlines 7 basic quality tools used in quality management: 1) Cause and effect diagrams help identify various factors leading to an effect or problem. 2) Check sheets collect quantitative or qualitative data. 3) Control charts determine if a process is stable by comparing data to control limits. 4) Histograms represent frequency distributions clearly. 5) Pareto charts follow the 80/20 rule to highlight major factors. 6) Scatter diagrams depict relationships between two variables. 7) Stratification sorts data into distinct groups to reveal patterns.
The document outlines 7 basic quality tools used in quality management: 1) Cause and effect diagrams help identify various factors leading to an effect or problem. 2) Check sheets collect quantitative or qualitative data. 3) Control charts determine if a process is stable by comparing data to control limits. 4) Histograms represent frequency distributions clearly. 5) Pareto charts follow the 80/20 rule to highlight major factors. 6) Scatter diagrams depict relationships between two variables. 7) Stratification sorts data into distinct groups to reveal patterns.
a. Helps users identify the various factors or causes leading to an effect, usually depicted as a problem to be solved. b. Named for its resemblance to a fishbone, this quality management tool works by defining a quality-related problem on the right-hand side of the diagram, with individual root causes and sub-causes branching off to its left. c. Each branch represents one of the 6M’s (Man, Machine, Material, Method, Measurement, Mother Nature) or 6P’s (Policy, Process, People, Plant, Program, Product) 2. Check Sheet a. Collect quantitative or qualitative data. b. Also, can be called as tally sheet. c. Makes it easy to record preliminary frequency distribution data when measuring out processes. d. Can be used as preliminary data collection tool when creating histograms, bar graphs, and other quality tools. 3. Control Chart a. Helps quality assurance professionals determine whether a process is stable and predictable, making it easy to identify factors that might lead to defects. b. Uses a central line to depict an average or mean, as well as upper and lower line to depict upper and lower control limits based on historical data. c. By comparing historical data to data collected from your current processes, you can determine whether the current process is controlled or affected by specific variations. 4. Histogram a. Represents frequency distributions of data clearly and concisely amongst other groups of a sample. b. Quickly and easily allows identify areas of improvement within the processes. c. Similar structure to bar graph, each bar within a histogram represents a group and height represents the frequency of the data. d. Helpful when breaking down the frequency of data into categories such as age, days of week, physical measurements, or any other category that can be listed in chronological or numerical order. 5. Pareto Chart a. Operates according to the 80-20 rule. This rule assumes in any processes, 80% of a process or system problems are caused by 20% of major factors often referred to as vital few. The remaining 20% of problems are caused by 80% of minor factors. b. Combination of bar and line graph c. Highlights the importance of a variety of parameters allowing us to identify and focus our efforts on the factors with the biggest impact on a specific part of a process or system. 6. Scatter Diagram a. Most useful in depicting the relationship between two variables, which is ideal for quality assurance professionals trying to identify cause and effect relationships. b. Each dot on the X and Y axis represents a common intersection point, when joined these dots can highlight the relationship between the two variables. The stronger the correlation in the diagram, the stronger the relationship between variables c. Useful in proving relationships between quality defects and possible causes such as environment, activity, personnel, and other variables. d. Once the relationship has been established, we can now implement focused solutions. 7. Stratification a. Used to sort data, objects, and people into separate and distinct groups. b. Revealing patterns that might not be otherwise be visible when it’s lumped together. c. To get the most out of the stratification process, consider which information about your data’s sources may affect the end results of your data analysis. Make sure to set up your data collection so that that information is included. d. Similar graph/chart to scatter diagram.