Note #7: Area Under Normal Curve

For continuous random variables.

P(x = a) = 0
This implies that 𝑃(𝑥 ≥ 𝑎) = 𝑃(𝑥 > 𝑎)and𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 𝑎) = 𝑃(𝑥 < 𝑎)
This is not true in general for discrete random variables.

The area under the standard normal curve to the left of a specified value of z – say, 𝑧0 – is the
probability 𝑃(𝑧 ≤ 𝑧0 ).
This cumulative area is recorded in a table.

To use the table, let us take Z= -1 .23 as an example.

A z-score of -1.23 corresponds to a value 0.1093.

This means that the area to the left of Z=-1.23 is equal to 0.1093 or 10.93% of the total area.

Z=-1.23, Tabular Value = 0.1093

P (z  −1.23) = 0.1093 or 10.93%

By illustration
Calculating the area under normal curve.
Area = Probability = Percent = Proportion
Case I. Area to the left of 𝑧0
P (z  z 0 ) = TV
T V = Tabular Value
Illustration.
Area to the left of 𝑧0 .
Case II. Area to the right of 𝑧0
P (z  z0 ) = 1 − TV
Illustration.
Area to the right of 𝑧0
Case III. Area between 𝑧1 and 𝑧2
P (z1  z  z 2 ) = TV z 2 − TV z1
Illustration
Area between 𝑧1 and 𝑧2
Example.
Find the area to the left of 𝑧 = 0.24.
Solution:
Illustration
z = 0.24 → TV = 0.5948
Therefore, the area to the left of z=0.24 is
0.5948 or
P (z  0.24) = 0.5948 or 59.48%
Example.
Solve the probability of
P (z  −1.59)
Solution
Illustration
z = −1.59 → TV = 0.0559
P (z  z0 ) = 1 − TV
P (z  −1.59) = 1 − 0.0559
P (z  −1.59) = 0.9441 or 94.41%
Example.
Find the area under the normal curve between 𝑍-
scores of -2.06 and 1.91.
Solution.
Illustration
z = −2.06 → TV = 0.0197
z = 1.91 → TV = 0.9719
P (z1  z  z 2 ) = TV z 2 − TV z1
P (− 2.06  z  1.91) = 0.9719 − 0.0197
P (− 2.06  z  1.91) = 0.9522 or 95.22%
Example.
1. Teaching the value of productive work, ABM students launched the “Go Negosyo” project. If their
sales on this project is normally distributed with mean of ₱3200 and standard deviation of ₱500. What
percent of their weekly sales are over ₱4000?
Solution:
Given  = 3200,  = 500, P ( x  4000) = ?
𝑥−𝜇
Convert 𝑥→𝑧=
𝜎
x−
x = 4000 → z =

4000 − 3200
z=
500
z = 1.6
TV = 0.9452
Illustration:

This is case II. Area to the right. 𝑷(𝒛 ≥ 𝒛𝟎 ) = 𝟏 − TV

P ( x  4000) = P (z  1.6)
= 1 − 0 .9452
P ( x  4000) = 0 .0548 or 5 .48%

What I Have Learned

1. The total area of the normal curve is 1
2. Z-table or Table of Areas Under Normal Curve contains the corresponding area of the z value.
3. Steps on how to find the area that corresponds to z –value.
a. Draw/sketch a normal curve and locate the given z-value on the normal curve
b. Shade the region of the curve according to the condition of z-value whether it is below,
above, or between.
c. Use the table of the area under the normal curve to find the corresponding area.
d. Choose the appropriate operation based on step 2 and 3.
e. Label the shaded region and draw a conclusion.

Case I. Area to the left of 𝑧0

P (z  z 0 ) = TV

Case II. Area to the right of 𝑧0

P (z  z0 ) = 1 − TV

Case III. Area between 𝑧1 and 𝑧2

P (z1  z  z 2 ) = TV z 2 − TV z1
Enrichment.
The health officer barangay ANABU in Imus City reported a daily average of 115 persons got vaccinated
for COVID-19 and standard deviation of 30 persons.

a. What is the probability that there are more than 150 persons will be vaccinated in a day?
b. What is the probability that there are less than 50 persons will be vaccinated in a day?
c. What is the probability that there are 50 to 150 persons will be vaccinated in a day?