Introduction

On request compile a research report on business as well as promoting

entrepreneurship in individuals. The following paper has two goals for the
researcher: to evaluate the effect of SMEs on the economy and to investigate the
significance of intrapreneurship in both public and corporate organizations.
Additionally, analyses and interpretations of pertinent data and statistics are used
to show the significance of startups and SME businesses for socioeconomic
development.
I. Classification of micro, small and medium enterprises
Micro, small, and medium-sized businesses are businesses with a small scale in
terms of capital, labor, or revenue. Small and medium-sized businesses are
also commonly referred to as SMEs. Micro enterprises (micro), small
enterprises, and medium enterprises are the three categories into which small
and medium businesses can be grouped based on their size (ketoanhoasen,
n.d.). Nearly 60% of jobs in the global economy, according to the OECD, are
held by small and medium-sized businesses. Not only that but small- and
medium-scale models at all levels can offer practical answers to a number of
crucial problems relating to development and the encouragement of wealth
for a nation. The standards used to designate small and medium firms will vary
per nation. According to a Government Decree, the following standards apply
in Vietnam:
 I.1 By labor and revenue

I.2 By labor and capital

Very-small Small-sized Medium-sized
enterprises enterprises enterprises
Number Total Number Total Number of Total
of labors revenue of labors revenue labors revenue
(people) (VND (people) (VND (people) (VND
Billion) Billion) Billion)
I. Agriculture, forestry <10 <3 100 <20 200 100
and fishery
II. Industry and <10 <3 100 <20 200 100
construction
III. Trade and service <10 <10 50 <50 100 100

Very-small Small-sized Medium-sized

enterprises enterprises enterprises
Number Total Number Total Number Total
of labors revenue of labors revenue of labors revenue
(people) (VND (people) (VND (people) (VND
Billion) Billion) Billion)
I. Agriculture, forestry <10 <3 100 <50 200 200
and fishery
II. Industry and <10 <3 100 <50 200 200
construction
III. Trade and service <10 <10 50 <100 100 300
 II. Interpret data and relevant statistics to relate micro and small business
impact on the economy at different levels
From the above to learn more, the following studies will examine the impact of
SMEs on each specific regional level.
1.1. Viet Nam
A macroeconomic overview of Viet Nam over the last 20 years

Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) are crucial for fostering

industrialization and environmentally friendly innovation, as well as inclusive and
sustainable economic growth, job creation, and decent work for all. SMEs can
help lessen income inequality if they are encouraged to produce high-quality jobs.
Small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) are expected to contribute significantly to
Vietnam's economic growth narrative, making up 98% of all businesses, 40% of
the country's GDP, and 50% of all employment positions, or 1,2 million jobs.
According to the Ministry of Finance, Vietnam has more than 600,000 businesses,
of which 96% are small and micro firms and roughly 500,000 are private.  While
most SMEs in Vietnam are not directly involved in global supply chains or cross-
border manufacturing networks, businesses are nonetheless indirectly impacted
by what happens in those networks. Manufacturing with an export focus has
dominated a significant portion of Vietnam's macroeconomic growth trajectory in
recent decades. Many foreign companies that have chosen Vietnam carry out this
manufacturing. The demand for SMEs' products on international markets so
determines their current and future success.

SMEs make up a significant portion of all enterprises operating in Vietnam.

According to the Vietnam White Paper, the sector of micro- and small-scale
enterprises has the biggest percentage of businesses. As of December 31, 2019,
there were 449,031 micro enterprises, making up 67.2% of all businesses in the
country, an increase of 10.0% from the same period in 2018. There were also
179,319 small enterprises, making up 26.8%, an increase of 8.6%; 22,788
medium-sized enterprises, making up 3.4%; and 17,367 large enterprises, making
up only 2.6%, an increase of 3.6% from the same period in 2018. As a result, it can
be argued that SMEs make up the majority and strongly affects the economy of
the nation. In order to invest in development and contribute to the state budget,
SMEs' social resources have been mobilized. This has promoted national
economic development, particularly in the economic sectors where improvement
activities are concentrated. Innovation and application in production and business
create dynamism and competition for the economy. To compete in development,
access to financing, expand production, etc., and fully realize their full potential,
SMEs in Vietnam still face numerous challenges when compared to other nations
in the area and the world.

Attracting a lot of workers, but not much overall.

Exports are the main focus of the Vietnamese economy. Export-oriented
businesses make up 8% of all registered enterprises but employ 47% of the
workforce in the country. Export enterprises employ 86% of the workforce in the
industry, which today makes up 68% of the value of national exports. SMEs are a
significant contributor to exports, making up 88% of export businesses and
roughly 50% of export output. However, foreign-owned SMEs that relocated to
Vietnam to be nearer to giant multinational corporations account for 70% of SME
exports in that country (gov, 2022). Because it is difficult for SMEs to access social
resources to support production and business, such as hiring highly skilled staff, it
is evident that the total number of employees is not very high. Concerning the
availability of land, loan capital from banks, capital from funds, the use of science
and technology, as well as firms that don't place a lot of emphasis on machinery
investment. However, the Industrial Revolution 4.0, is creating fantastic economic
prospects while also posing significant obstacles for companies, particularly SMEs,
in the highly competitive global market. Currently, the issue that requires the
highest priority and calls for a coordinated response from several parties is the
problem of creating and training quality human resources, adapting to the
changing context, and developing the orientation of SMEs in our nation. The
innovation in human resource development for SMEs not only aids in business
stabilization but also addresses a number of pressing issues, including the rapid
industrialization, urbanization, modernization, and sustainable development of
the nation within the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. These issues
include the creation of diverse job markets, increased incomes, improved quality
of life, reduced social evils, and rapid changes in industry structure. 
  Attracting a large amount of investment capital but not equivalent
Attracted 94% of investment capital, but only 25% was actually invested as a
result of insufficient capacity, including tiny and microscale, antiquated
technology processes, low managerial levels, and a preponderance of manual
labor unqualified personnel. Moreover, small and medium-sized businesses
require loans on a consistent basis, yet nearly half of them are turned down or
unavailable. This is because there isn't any collateral, the interest rates are too
high, there aren't enough administrative controls or credit services, and there is a
bias in favor of large businesses. In addition to the loan issue, it is clear that there
is still a sizable gap between policy and implementation, preventing many small
businesses from accessing support policies under the Law on Support for Small
and Medium Enterprise, including support for SMEs. The Law on Supporting Small
and Medium Enterprises has been in effect for more than 4 years, yet only less
than 8% of firms have received support, and 51.3% of businesses are unaware of
this law, according to the Vietnam Confederation of Trade and Industry (VCCI )
recent evaluation. Due to their extreme vulnerability, these businesses find it
difficult to compete in the market. Therefore, it is essential to remove the
challenges and obstacles that this group of businesses faces in order to encourage
the growth of SMEs. In particular, it's important to create support strategies that
are appropriate for each stage of business development.
Businesses are growing quickly, but the profit goals are still fairly modest.
According to survey data from the statistics sector, there were 668,505 active
businesses across the entire nation as of December 31, 2019, an increase of 9.5%
from the time of December 31, 2018. In 2019, the proportion of profitable
businesses accounted for 43.0%; the proportion of break-even businesses stood
for 8.2%; and the proportion of businesses operating at a loss accounted for
48.8% ( The White Book, 2021). SMEs can function without making a profit for a
while, but they run the danger of being unable to make payments or even
defaulting. It can be claimed that a company's cash flow is when the number of
expenses that must be paid out exceeds the quantity of cash that is currently on
hand. Reviewing the budget and adjusting revenues and expenses to account for
company deficits are critical to avoid these problems.
 High net sales but little revenue generated·   
In the private sector, SMEs play a significant role. In addition, large-scale
businesses had the highest net revenue in the entire enterprise sector in 2019
with VND 19.1 million billion, accounting for 72.5%, up 11.1% from 2018, followed
by small businesses with VND 3.9 million billion, accounting for 14.9%, up 11.8%,
medium-sized businesses with VND 2.6 million billion, accounting for 9.9%, up
14.0%, and micro businesses with VND 715.9 trillion, accounting for only 2.7%, up
8.0% ( The White Book, 2021). The resources available to them have been
effectively utilized and exploited. The financial resources of the populace are also
utilized by SMEs for business and production. From setting up raw material areas
to taking part in the production and processing chain, small enterprises generate
employment for individuals. Since then, there are secure positions in chain
retailers, processed goods, and transportation businesses. But there are
restrictions on marketing goods and services to other regions due to the
utilization of raw materials, regional expertise, and other factors. As a result,
when it is generated, the revenue stream will be quite modest.
Increased work productivity yet low income
    According to data from the White Book, the average monthly income for a
working year in 2019 gradually increases in line with the size of enterprises, from
small to large. The microenterprise sector, in particular, has the lowest income, at
6.9 million VND. And progressively declined 55 little compared to 2018 (down
0.8%); the small-scale enterprise sector had an income of 8.1 million VND, up
5.7%; medium-sized enterprises had 8.9 million VND, up 7.9%; the largest sector
had an income of 10.2 million VND, up 6.2%. The average pay of employees is not
very high, despite the fact that there is some growth, because this sort of activity
is small-scale and requires little investment capital. It may be stated that while
taxes, feeds, and asset depreciation must be subtracted from the calculation of
people's income, they are included in the calculation of GDP. One plus and one
minus make up the difference. Only 78.7% of the nation's GDP in 2020 came from
personal income; the remainder came from taxes, levies, and property
depreciation (mof, 2021). Because the scale of operation for micro, small, and
medium-sized businesses is that their total assets are not substantial, the income
of employees working in these businesses is typically not substantial.
Labor efficiency increased but the number of employees was not much· 
In the context of deeper global integration, labor efficiency is one of the key
elements that improves the competitiveness of each firm specifically and of each
 nation generally. Over time, Vietnam has experienced a large and consistent
improvement in labor efficiency. However, it is still modest when compared to
other nations in the region. An increase in worker demand results from Ruch
enhanced productivity. In particular, in light of the fact that SMEs today make up
about 98% of all companies functioning in the economy, provide roughly 40% of
the GDP, and account for nearly 50% of all jobs in the Vietnamese economy
(General Department of Vietnam, 2018). However, SMEs frequently encounter
many challenges in the process of upgrading and enhancing the quality of labor
owing to small capital size and many other limits, therefore the number of
employees won't be high.
1.4 Ho Chi Minh City
Ho Chi Minh City serves as the nation's economic hub thanks to its substantial
population, broadest economic base, and abundance of SMEs from various
industries. In recent years, Ho Chi Minh City has seen the registration of hundreds
of thousands of new businesses, many of which have been successfully running.
SMEs make up a significant portion of all enterprises operating in Ho Chi Minh
City.
    The socio-economic growth of Ho Chi Minh City is significantly influenced by the
enormous number of small and medium-sized businesses that exist today.
Statistics from the Department of Planning and Investment of Ho Chi Minh City
show that as of June 2019, there were 460,000 registered SMEs in the city,
representing 93% of all businesses worldwide. At the same time, Ho Chi Minh City
had the most active businesses in the nation as of May 2022 (approximately
268,000 businesses, or 31% of all businesses) (tapchicongthuong, 2020). This can
be attributed to the increase in the number of businesses and the trend of moving
business districts from the inner city to the suburbs in recent years, which is
gradually increasing and reflects the suitability of the government's policies and
the city's policies in fostering the best business environment. Districts have
increasingly filled up with firms in planned industrial zones and clusters, in
particular, solutions for company development.
Attracting a large amount of investment capital but not equivalent
Analysis of the scale of production and business capital of SMEs in Ho Chi Minh
City over the past few years reveals that these businesses have drawn an
increasing quantity of capital, helping to exploit leisure capital sources from all
sections of the population. To encourage economic growth and raise people's
incomes and levels of living. However, there are surprisingly few SMEs, only
approximately 6% of all businesses, with a capital size of $1 billion or more
(tapchicongthuong, 2020). Therefore, it is clear that small capital scale is a
significant barrier to the investment, production, and business activities of small
and medium firms in Ho Chi Minh City.
1.5 Southeast region
Ho Chi Minh City and the five provinces Tay Ninh, Binh Phuoc, Binh Duong, Dong
Nai, and Ba Ria-Vung Tau are all located in the Southeast and are directly
governed by the Central Government. In comparison to other regions of the
nation, the Southeast region has an outstanding and attractive investment
environment. It is the largest and most important industrial area in the nation,
has developed spearhead industries, and has a concentration of training and
scientific research institutions as well as a large and skilled labor force.

Small and medium-sized businesses make up a significant portion of all

businesses operating in the nation.
With 281,100 businesses, or 41.1% of all businesses nationwide as of December
31, 2020, the Southeast region will have the most in the nation. This represents a
32.2% increase from 2016. (tapchitaichinh, 2020). Due to its similar natural
conditions and natural resources, the Southeast region has advantages,
potentials, and strengths for socio- economic development, including the food
processing industry, precision mechanics, electronics and information technology,
production of automation equipment, medical equipment, energy, production of
new materials, development of shipbuilding, oil and gas industries, software
industry, and high-tech agricultural development This makes sense given the
concentration of tiny and micro enterprises here.
Attracting a huge number of employees yet with low-quality labor sources.
Attracting 5.4 million workers, representing 36.6% of all employees working for
the company, an increase of 1.5% from 2016. There are numerous ways to
support business job creation while the nation is being renovated. The issue of
labor employment in small and medium-sized businesses has drawn attention
from all levels and sectors in an effort to generate a driving force for economic
progress, political stability, and social stability.
 1.6 International
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in job creation and
the advancement of the global economy but are uncommon in the bulk of
businesses globally. They account for more than 50% of all jobs worldwide and
roughly 90% of all enterprises. In emerging economies, SMEs formally account for
up to 40% of GDP. However, one of the biggest barriers to SME growth is access
to funding.
Attracting a large amount of investment capital but not equivalent
IOSCO research shows that capital markets are a well-liked source of funding for
large enterprises and a viable alternative to bank loans for SMEs, however only
25% of SMEs Small businesses use equity as their primary means of capital raising.
SME access to capital markets is frequently hindered by lack of familiarity with
capital markets, fear of losing firm ownership, and relatively costly legal costs.
Global financial market conditions are expected to get tighter in 2022 as a result
of increased risk aversion and uncertainty. The terms under which SMEs can
borrow money are anticipated to change as a result of tighter monetary policy to
combat inflation (OECD, 2022). Small and medium-sized firms rely on internal
capital or cash from friends and family to begin and run their businesses rather
than bank loans, which can be said to be less common for them than for large
businesses.
Large capital but facing many liquidity problems
In the majority of countries, the initial wave of the pandemic resulted in a
significant decline in the revenue of SMEs. Between 1 March and 30 September
2020, small business sales decreased by 15% in Australia. According to the Central
Bank of Ireland, SME revenue will decrease from 10.3 billion to 11.7 billion euros
in 2020. In the United States, income decreased 31% from the previous year in
January 2021, a year after the catastrophe. Between 70% and 80% of SMEs have
seen a significant decline in revenue since the start of the pandemic, according to
more than 180 surveys among SMEs in 32 countries that the OECD has tracked
since February 2020. According to some polls, this decline in sales was between
30% and 50%. Falling revenue has remained a challenge for many SMEs since the
outbreak of the pandemic (skch, n.d.). Smaller enterprises typically see a sharper
decline in revenue as a result of the crisis, though they are able to reduce
operational expenses. For many businesses, this results in a serious liquidity
shortage. According to empirical research, running costs are frequently fairly high
and typically only drop by 6% when revenue declines by 10%. (skch, n.d.). This is
mostly brought on by households' income losses as well as a high level of
uncertainty that inhibits consumption and spending. The effect is made worse
when employees are let go because their employers can no longer afford to pay
their salaries. Additionally, supply networks are under stress, which results in a
shortage of intermediate items and delivery delays. Small businesses typically
have a lower ability than large organizations to reduce operational costs in
proportion to a loss of income, which puts strain on their cash flow. However,
there are disparities between nations and sectors.
In short, SMEs will have different impacts depending on the region and country.
III. Discuss intrapreneurship in the public and corporate
1. Definition
Intrapreneurship is a method and a process that enables individuals to grow their
entrepreneurial ability and mindset while working for the company
(marketingtutor, n.d). Intrapreneurship is quite similar to entrepreneurship in that
individuals can develop their abilities by working for an organization first, and
then subsequently launching their own firm. Intrapreneurs are typically proactive,
self-driven people who possess the abilities and mindset to assume leadership
roles. The Massachusetts Department of Corrections example of intrapreneurship,
for instance, increased productivity and cut costs. The first year's savings of
$56,000 were made possible thanks to a guard's suggestion to convert inmate
photos from paper to digital data.
Corporate intrapreneurship is a technique for creating new ventures, businesses,
services, or procedures inside of an already-existing company in order to add
value and spur new revenue growth (weforum, 2022). Establishing a culture of
corporate intrapreneurship fosters innovation and expansion. It offers a systems-
level perspective of the tools, procedures, and settings required to encourage,
promote, and include the company in entrepreneurial thought and action.
The process through which people come up with answers to problems involving
collaborative action in their communities is known as public intrapreneurship.
Public intrapreneurs originate from different facets of society and occupations
(futurelearn, n.d). In addition, public intrapreneurship, according to Steve
McCreadie, is a successful adoption of entrepreneurial attitudes and methods
inside of a bureaucratic organization.
From the above, the following list highlights the similarities and differences
between intrapreneurship in the public and corporate.
 2. The similarities and differences between intrapreneurship in the public
and corporate

2.1 Similarities
No matter how big or little, commercial or manufacturing, publicly or corporately
held, there are a variety of businesses all over the world that have an effect on a
country's economy. All facets of corporate and public intrapreneurship are
continuously supported by the manager to support resources, money, and
potential threats in order to assist that development. Public and corporate
intrapreneurship, therefore, play a critical role in the company and greatly
increase its value because a corporation cannot survive without internal
entrepreneurship. In the public and business sectors, it is crucial to promote and
aid intrapreneurship. For example, Amazon is a leader in innovation, and its
enormous success is a result of a culture that supports intrapreneurship. The
digital suggestion box, where staff members offer their brilliant and ground-
breaking ideas and concepts, is at the heart of these initiatives. And the idea of
Future-looking drone delivery is offered by Amazon Prime Air, and it is now in the
testing phase. Given Amazon's penchant for secrecy, little is known about the
person who actually came up with the concept, however, Daniel Buchmueller is
recognized as the co-founder of Amazon Prime Air. Internally, there was a lot of
encouragement and support, whether it was monetary or not, for this drone
delivery effort. They may not refer to those employees as failed entrepreneurs,
but they do accept that successful people have certain characteristics, such as
independence of thought, a willingness to take risks, and a strong work ethic, that
is malleable. The firm benefits from internal entrepreneurs in many important
ways, and they frequently help the organization go above sentiments of comfort
and security. It also contributes to reducing risks. Additionally, it has a big
influence on the creation of an innovative workplace, promoting a culture of
growth and productivity, and maximizing employee potential. For example, the
concept of "20% time" is one of Google's most well-known management tenets.
Larry Page and Sergey Brin, the company's co-founders, wrote in 2004, prior to
the IPO, "We encourage our staff to spend 20 percent of their time working on
what they think will best benefit Google, in addition to their usual projects" (inc,
n.d). "This encourages people to be more imaginative and creative. This is how
we've made a lot of our important advancements." Also, keep in mind that it is
entirely OK if it never generates observable returns. The biggest opportunities are
found along the nonlinear path. "Most risky ideas fail, teaching us something in
the process, Page and Brin wrote in 2004. Others are prosperous and grow into
desirable companies." From this, it can be concluded that increasing talent's value
to the business is the greatest approach to attracting and keeping it. Businesses
can overcome obstacles if they have a positive workplace culture and construct a
corporate culture.
And from the above, here are some of the differences between corporate and
public in intrapreneurship.
2.2 Differences
Value
 Corporate intrapreneurship: allows employees to exhibit their creativity,
which may be tremendously gratifying. This fosters loyalty and aids in
retaining more excellent talent. This will make it easier to find and keep
talent. Additionally, will support a competitive advantage through
consistent organic expansion. For example: Some of the most breathtaking
Hollywood animated films, including Madagascar and Kung Fu Panda, have
been produced by Dreamworks Animation Studios, a division of Universal
Pictures. Regardless of their job or department, all employees at the
animation studio are encouraged to contribute creative ideas and take part
in the filmmaking process. The studio spends a lot of money giving their
staff members short courses that provide them the know-how, abilities,
and necessary aptitude to pitch their own narrative concepts and scripts to
management.
 Public intrapreneurship: can affect change include by influencing public
policy, fostering greater civic participation, reallocating funding for social
innovation, and boosting social investments. Besides that, by using the
proper policy tools and regulatory techniques, public intrapreneurship
helps to develop values that preserve and capitalize on social innovation
while generating public benefits.
Objective
 Corporate intrapreneurship: to build the infrastructure and
entrepreneurial spirit required for growth. And focuses on initiatives that
help to maximize the potential of the organization by adding value for
stakeholders and business owners.
 Public intrapreneurship: utilize the proper policy, regulatory tools, and
programs to promote and harness social innovation for the benefit of the
 general population. It also contributes to the improvement of social life.
Public sectors must increase their capacity for innovation to unleash not
only the creativity of their workforce but also that of civil society and
industry. For instance, Cynthia McCaffrey, Director of Global Innovation at
UNICEF, has developed new partnership models that draw on fundamental
business principles in the public, commercial, and academic spheres to
benefit children quickly and effectively.
Resource
 Corporate intrapreneurship: utilize resources from a variety of sources,
including owners, stakeholders, and investors. As a result, these enterprises
will receive support from a variety of financial sources whether they are
starting off or encountering problems with capital rotation.
 Public intrapreneurship: Due to the communal ownership framework,
corporate operations and finance generate revenue. Therefore, public
intrapreneurship requires funding from significant and reliable sources,
including government investors and international organizations like WHO,
UNICEF, and others.
Although both need promotion, the way of promoting intrapreneurship is
different.
 Corporate intrapreneurship: always organize rewards, create conditions as
well as treat employees fairly.
 Public intrapreneurship: propagate and laud great activities and initiatives
that bring communal values.
Although there are significant distinctions between the two, a sound financial and
economic system requires a good balance of businesses from each of these
sectors.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the report's analysis has aided both businesses and individuals in
better understanding the influence of SMEs on various economies and the
significance of the sector to the growth of the nation. Additionally, research
comparing and contrasting state-owned and private businesses has revealed that
each type of business has unique traits and chances for market expansion.
Therefore, in order to operate effectively in today's complicated and shifting
operating environment, businesses must also adapt to each type of business.
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