Reviewer

2 quarter
nd

Science
 Electromagnetic wave-kind of transverse wave that creates vibration in electrical and magnetic field
 Radio waves- longest wavelengths and low frequencies and low energy(Henrich Hertz) used to
transmit signals in radio communication and broadcasting.
 Microwave-have the shortest wavelength and the highest frequency than of radio waves (James
Maxwell) use for: satellite comm., car radar, consumer use, mobile phones.
 Infrared-also known as heat wave (William Herschel) uses: remote control, video cassettes, night
vision glasses etc.
 Visible light- also known as light waves the portion of electromagnetic spectrum that human eyes can
detect that used in: photo therapy and fiber optics
 Ultraviolet-shorter wavelength and higher frequency than visible light (Johann Wilhelm ritter) uses:
bank security check, water sterilizer, tanning machine.
 X-ray-can penetrate most matter (Wilhelm roentgen) used in photo therapy to help doctors look inside
the body. They are useful in diagnosing bone fractures and tumors.
 Gamma ray- carry the most energy and have the shortest wave length (Paul Villard) use to treat cancer
through the process called radio therapy and present in nuclear and atomic bombs
 Hans Christian Oersted- discovered that an electric current can create a magnetic field(middle
compass)
 Andrei Marie Ampere- magnetism can be produced by electricity(electrodynamics)
 Michael Faraday-a changing magnetic field produces an electric current(electromagnetic induction)
 James Clerk Maxwell- contributed in developing equations that showed the relationship of electricity
and magnetism(microwave)
 Henrich hertz- showed the experimental evidence of electromagnetic waves and their link to light.
 Radio transmission: microphone-modulator-antenna-tuner-demodulator-amplifier-speaker
 Radiation- emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or
through a material medium
 Non ionizing- a form of radiation with less energy than ionizing energy. (radio waves , microwave,
infrared, visible light)
 Ionizing-form of energy that acts by removing electrons from atoms and molecules of materials that
include air, water and living tissue.
 Light travels in a straight line
 Light travels faster than sound because the speed of light is 300,000,000m/s
 Reflection-bouncing of light rays when it hits a surface
 Incident ray-ray of light approaching the mirror
 Reflected ray-ray of light which leaves the mirror
 Normal line an imaginary line drawn perpendicular to the mirror
 2 types of reflection: specular/regular and diffused/irregular
 Specular/regular-reflection on smooth surfaces such as mirrors or a calm body of water
 Diffuse/irregular-reflection of light on rough surfaces such as clothing, paper, wavy water
 Multiple images- formed by the reflection that happens when arranging at least two mirrors.
 Mirror left right reversal- where the left side of an object appears on the right and vice versa.
 Refraction-it is the bending of light rays when passing obliquely from one medium to another.
 Mirror-a reflective surface that bounces off light, thus producing real or virtual image: it has 2
classifications plain and spherical(concave, convex)
 Real image-light rays converge
 Virtual image-light rays diverge
 Plane mirror- flat mirror that reflects light and produces a virtual image without the interference
 Concave-larger image, produce real image, converging light rays, bulges away from the light, inverted
 Convex-smaller image, produce virtual image, diverging, bulges towards light erected/upright
 Center of curvature-:point in the center of the sphere from which the mirror was sliced
 Focal point/focus-the point between the vertex and the center of curvature
 Vertex- the point on the mirror meets surface where the principal axis meets the mirror
 Principal axis- line passing through the center of curvature and attaching to the mirror on the exact
center of the mirror.
 Radius of curvature- the distance from the vertex to the center of the curvature
 Focal length- the distance from the mirror to the focal point
 P-F RAY-ray of light parallel to the principal axis is reflected passing through the principal focus
 F-PRAY- ray of light passing through the focus . F is reflected parallel to the principal axis
 C-CRAY-ray of light passing through the center of curvature. C reflects backs along its own path
 V RAY- ray of light directed to the vertex reflects at the equal angle from the principal axis
 Ray diagram- traces the path that light takes in order for a person to view a point on the image of an
object.
 Mirrors and lenses- manufactured using materials other than/made up of glass or plastic
 Mirrors can be seen in houses, automobiles, solar appliances ,etc.
 Lenses can be seen in astronomy and scientific industries, medical and research purposes, etc.
 Lens-made of transparent materials such as glass or plastic that refracts and focuses light rays at one
point. It has two types
 Concave lens or diverging lens- it forms upright and reduced image. Thicker at the edges and thinner at
the center.
 Convex lens or converging lens- it forms real image and virtual image. Thicker at the center and
thinner at the edges.

Filipino
 Talumpati-uri ng sanaysay na binibigkas sa harap ng publiko
 Editoryal-isang mapanuring pagpapakahulugan hinggil sa isang napapanahong isyu o pangyayariupang
magbigay ng kaalaman, makapagpaniwala, o makalibang sa mga mambabasa.
 Lathalain-isang uri ng sanaysay na naglalahad ngmga makatotohanang pangyayari batay sa karanasan,
pagmamsid.
 Hakbang sa pagsulat ng talumpati: 1. Pagpiling paksa 2. Paghahandasapagsulat 3.aktuwal na
pagsulat.4. pagrerebisa o pageedit
 Mga bahagi ng talumpati 1.panimula 2.paglalahad 3.katapusan

 Panag uri- nagpapahayag ng tungkol sa paksa
 Ingklitik-mga katagang paningit
 Buod ng talumpatinidilma rouseff (inugarsonnoong enero 1,2011) kauna unahang babaeng pangulo ng
brazil.
 Dagli-isang anyo ng maikling kwento at ang sitwasyon ay may mga nasasangkotna tauhan ngunit
walang aksyong umuunlad, gahol sa banghay at pawang mga paglalarawan lamang
 Ang pamagat ng dagli ay double blade at may twist o punchline sad ulo
 Arawaks, Ciboney, caribs talong pangunahing tribo sa islang carribeans
 Ako poy pitong taong gulang(amelia ang sumulat
 Nobela-naglalahad ng mga pangyaysrii na pinaghahabi sa isang mahusay na pagbabalangkas na ang
pinaka pangunahing sangkap ay ang pagkakalabas ng hangarin ng isang bayan isa dako at ang hangarin
ng katunggali sa kabila.


 Ang matanda at ang dagat (ernest hemingway)

 Santiago- matatandang mangingisda
 Manolin-batang aprendis ni santiago
 Ika-85 na araw na pangingisda
 Malaking marlin ang nahuli niya
 Mitolohiya- kalipunanan ng mga mito mula sa isang pangkatng tao sa isang lugar na naglalahad g
kasaysayan ng diyos-diyosan noong unang panahon.

 Sina thor at Loki sa lupain ng mga higante ni snorri Sturluson isinalin sa filipinoni Sheila C. Molina
 Diyos: thor-diyos ng kulog at kidlat
 Loki-kasama ni thor sa paglalakbay
 Higante:skrymir-naninirahan sa kakahuyan
 Utgaro loki- hari ng mga higante
 Logi, hugi, at elli-kabilang sa kuta ni utgaro loki
 Mga tao- thjalfi at roskva anak ng magsasaka

 Ang aking pagibig ( how doi love thee-sonnet XLVIII ni Elizabeth barret browning isinalin sa filipino
ni alfonso o. santiago)

 Dula- panitikang nahahati sa ilang yugto na maraming tagpo

 Trahedya-isang dula na ang bida ay hahantong sa malungkot na wakas o kabiguan.

 Pagsang ayon- nangangahulugan ng pagtanggap,pagpayag o pakikiisa o pakikibagay sa isang pahayag

o ideya

 Pagsalungat-nangangahulugan ng pagtutol, pagtanggi, pagtaliwas,o pagkontra sa isang pahayag o

ideya.

 Romeo at Juliet ni William Shakespeare

 Nakabatay sa balangkas ng dulang ito sa isang kwento mula sa Italy na isinaling wika upang maging
taludtod bilang the tragical history of Romeus and Juliet ni Arthur Brooke noong 1962 at muling
isinalaysay na nasa anyong tuluyan o prosa sa palace of pleasure ni William Painter noong 1567.
 Social media-libangan at kadluan ng impormasyon sa tulong internet.
 Social networking sites o platform- ginagamit sapag so-social media

Math
• polynomial function

-all the exponents must be non-negative integer

-no fractional exponent on the variable

-no variable must be inside a radical sign

-no variables in the denominator

•on finding the x-intercept let y=0

•on finding the y-intercept let x=0

• to find how many turning points of a graph -1 to the highest degree of a polynomial function.

•if the leading coefficient is positive and the degree is odd the graph falls to the left and rises to the right

•if the leading coefficient is negative and the degree is odd the graph rises to the left and falls to the right

•if the leading coefficient is positive and the degree is even the graph rises to the left and to the right

•if the leading coefficient is negative and the degree is even the graph falls to the left and right

•circle- set of all points in a plane at a given distance from a fixed point called the center.

• the given point is the NAME of the center

•radius-distance from the center of the circle to any point on the circle. ½ the length of the diameter (r) is the
symbol for radius.

•diameter-a line segment that connects two points on the circle and goes through the center of the circle

•chord-segment whose endpoints lie on the circle

•arc-part of a circle connecting two points of the circle

•minor arc-less than a semicircle *less than 180°

•major arc- greater than a semicircle *more than 180°

•semicircle-one half of a circle and measure 180°

•the diameter divides the circle into a semicircle

•central angle-an angle whose vertex is the center of the circle and whose sides are radii of the circle

•inscribed angle-angle whose vertex is on a circle and whose sides contain chords of the circle

•intercepted arc-the arc that lies in the interior of an inscribed angle and whose endpoints on the angle

=SYMBOLS=

RADIUS(r)

DIAMETER(d)

Absolute value | |
Quantity ( )

•a circle measure 369°

•vertex is always at the center of 2 capital letters

•the measure of intercepted angle is the same as the central angle

•the measure of an inscribed angle is half of its intercepted arc

•radius, diameter & chord are all segment

•the central angle is the angle of the radius while inscribed is on the circle

•interior angles- angles that are formed by two intersecting chords VERTEX IN THE CIRCLE

•exterior angle-angle formed by two secants, two tangents or a secant and a tangent drawn from a point outside
the circle VERTEX OUT OF THE CIRCLE

•Pythagorean theorem-applicable on right angles

•congruent-circle has the same measure of radii

•congruent arc-two minor arcs are congruent if and only if their corresponding chords are congruent

•90° is the measure on perpendicular

•sector-region bounded by an arc of a circle and two radii to the endpoints of the arc

• pi (π)=3.1416

•segment of a circle-region bounded by an arc and segment joining endpoints

•arc length-fraction of a circumference

•vertex on the circle-if a tangent and a secant/chord intersect on a circle at the point of tangency, then the
measure of the angle formed is half the measure of it's intercepted arc.

•vertex inside the circle-if two secants or chords intersect in the interior of a circle, then the measure of each
angle formed is half the sum of the measure of its intercepted arc

•vertex outside the circle-if a tangent and a secant, two tangents or two secants intersect in the exterior of a
circle, then the measure of the angle formed is half the difference of the measures of its intercepted arc.

•if the two points are located horizontally from each other the y-coordinates will be the same

•if the points are located vertically from each other, the x-coordinates will be the same

•distance formula- it is an equation that can be used to find the distance between any pair of points on the
coordinate plane.

•midpoint formula-is a formula that can be used to find the coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment on the
coordinate plane.

=FORMULAS=

Graph of a function

X-intercept=0
Y-intercept=0

f(x)=x+a, y= 0+a

Interior angles (vertex in the circle)

m∠1=½(mAC+BD)

exterior angle(vertex out on the circle)

m∠x=½(mAB-CD)

Pythagorean theorem

c²=a²+b²

Area of a sector

measure of the arc/360 x πr²

Segment of a circle

[m°/360 x πr²]-[½ r² Sin(]

Arc Length

L=2πr²

Area of a circumference

2πr²

Vertex is on the circle

m ∠ABC=½(m AB)

Vertex is inside the circle

m∠1=½(m∠AB+m∠CD)

Vertex outside the circle

m∠x=½(mABC-mAC)

DISTANCE FORMULA

horizontal a=| x1-x2 |

vertical b=| y1-y2 |

Diagonally d= √ (x2-x1)² + (y2-y1)²

MAPEH
 MUSIC
 Melody-tune of the song
 Rhythm-the length of the notes and the rest of music
 Dynamics-the volume within the song
 Texture-the music or sound organized
 Tempo-the speed of the song

6 classification of musical instrument:

 Idiophone-produce sound through vibration

 Aerophone-sound is produced by air
 Membranophone-stretch membrane
 Chordophone-sound is produce by strumming or plucking the string
 Lamellaphone-set of plucked keys mounted on a soundboard
 African music-music has always been important on the daily life of African. Singing, dancing, clapping
of hands and the beating of drums are essential to African ceremonies.

Vocal form of African music

 Maracatu-combination of strong rhythms of African percussion instrument with Portuguese melodies.

A form of music is being paraded along the streets.
 Blues-one of the most widely performed musical forms of the late 19th century. Slaves and their
descendants use to sing these as they work in the field. The melodies of the blues create an expressive
and soulful sound.
 Soul music-originated from US. It is a popular music genre of the 1950s and 1960s which originated in
the African American community throughout the US. It combines elements of African-American gospel
music, rhythm and blues, and often jazz.
 Spiritual music-originated in the US and created by African-American slaves. It pertains to a song form
known as the “negro spiritual”. This form of music is used as outlet to express loneliness and anger.
 Call & Response- question and answer sequence in human communication. Slaves use to sing these
songs while simultaneously doing all their tasks in a day.

Types of African music:

 Afrobeat-fusion of west African and black American music

 Apala (akpala)-from Nigeria, to wake up the worshipper after fasting during Muslim feast
Ramadan
 Axe-popular genre from Salvador, Bahiya and Brazil origination of reggae and Marcha
 Jit-Zimbabwean dance
 Jive-lively and form of swing dance
 Juju-comes from Nigeria that relies on the traditional Yoruba rhythms
 Kwassa kwassa-“shake your booty dance style”
 Marabi-characterized by simple chords

Musical instruments of Africa:

Idiophone

 Balafon-made of bamboo bars. Similar to marimba

 Rattles-similar to maracas. Made of seashells
 Agogo-single/multiple bells, highest pitch
 Atingting kon-split gongs
 Slit drum-made of bamboo or drum/produce two pitches
 Djembe-shape like a large goblet and played with bare hands. Made with goat skin
  Shekere-type of gourd and shell megaphone
 Rasp/scraper-shape like large goblet and played with bare hands

Membranophone

 Body percussion
 Talking drum-used to send message

Lamellaphone

 Mbira-thumb piano or xylophone

Chordophone

 Musical bow-widely used instrument in Africa

 Lute-shaped like a modern guitar
 Kora-most sophisticated harp
 Zither-stringed instruments with varying sizes and shapes whose string stretched along the body
 Zexe-played with a bow, a small wooden stick

Aerophone

 Panpipes-consist of cane pipes of different length tied in a row

 Kudo horn-made from horn of kudo entelope.it can release a mellow and warm sound
 Reed pipes-made from hollow guinea corn or sorghum stem
 Whistle-short piece of horn serve as whistle
 Trumpets-made of wood, animal horn, elephant takes and gourds, ornamented with snake or crocodile
skin

 Reggae-Jamaican musical style that was influenced by the islands traditional mento music. Its off beat
rhythm and staccato chords are the most distinctive qualities of reggae.
 Jazz-off shoot of the music of African slaves who were brought to America
 Ballads-expressive folk songs in narrative verse with text dealing typically with love
 Standard-used to denote the most popular and enduring songs from a particular genre or styles
 Rock and roll-combined the Afro-American forms such as the blues, jump blues, jazz and gospel music
with western swing and country music.
 Disco-pertained to rock music that was more danceable
 Pop music- like disco era, other pop music superstars continued to emerge
 Hip Hop and Rap-musical style is a highly rhythm type of music that usually include rocks.
 Alternative music-recognized as a unconventional practices such as distorted guitar sounds oppressive
lyrics and defiant attitudes
 Crossover performance: classical and pop-combine classical composition with a jazz, rock, and folk
music in the same con art or recording.
 Original Pilipino music(OPM)-pertains the Philippine pop songs, particularly ballads, such as those
popular alter the fading of its predecessors, the manila sound in the late 1970s.

Arts
 Technology based art-artworks that are computer generated
 Mobile phone arts-allows you to generate original works of art for an entire range of purposes
 Computer/digital arts-use of electronic and mechanical devices, rather than the artist’s own hands, to
produce the desired images and effects.
 Computer Generated Images(CGI)-refers to the 3D computer graphics to create scenes or special
effects in films and televisions.
  Digital photography-primary function is to record history, the whole series of past events connected
with someone or something
 Video games-various interactive games played by electronically manipulating images on a screen
 Digital painting-technique using a graphics software program to create an artwork that is totally virtual
 Social media purposes-produce videos that are constantly uploaded to online platforms
 Medical/scientific purposes-imaging videos in the field of medicine and science.
 Photo grid-allows you to make collages out of image from your photo gallery
 Instagram-fast and fun way to share images with others
 Media based art-the advanced procedures and patterns in photography, film, print media, digital media,
and product and industrial design will be explored
 Point and shoot camera-allows the user to immediately review the photos taken without waiting for a
complex developing process
 Digital Single lens Reflex(DSLR)camera-gives the photographer much more artistic freedom and
control to select the camera settings to create the desired final image with the preferred visual effects

P.E
Sample warm-up exercises:

 Neck stretch
 Shoulder rolls
 Side-arm stretch
 Tricep stretch
 Hamstring stretch
 Quadricep stretch
 Outer thigh stretch
 Inner thigh stretch
 Calf stretch
 Knee bends/squats

Leisure, Play and Recreation

 Leisure as time-free from obligations, work and tasks required for existing
 Leisure as activity-a set of activities that people engage in during free time. Activities that are not work
oriented or that do not involve life maintenance tasks
 Play-an imaginative intrinsically motivated. Non serious, freely chosen and actively engaging activity
 Recreation-an activity that people engage in during their free time, that people enjoy, and that people
recognize as having socially redeeming values and generates a general sense of well-being
 Eating disorder-illness that involves dangerous disturbances in eating behaviors thought to stem from
some environmental pressures.
 Anorexia nervosa-characterized by self-imposed starvation to lose and maintain very low body weight
due to a false/distorted perception of being fat
 Bulimia nervosa-may secretly binge eating large amounts of food with a loss of control over eating
and then purge trying to get rid of the extra calories in an unhealthy way
 Binge eating disorder-life threatening and treatable eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes
of eating large quantities of food
 Emotional eating-also known as “stress eating” and emotional overreacting it is defined as the
prosperity to eat in to positive and negative emotions

HEALTH
 Policy-they serve as guide to protect the people
 Consumer health-refers to the decisions you make about the purchase of product and use of health
 Consumer rights-provide for the regulation
 RA 7394(consumer act of the Philippines)aims to protect the people against hazards to health and
safety, and deceptive and unfair sales acts and practices
  RA 8423(traditional and alternative medicine act of 1997 TAMA)identifies medicinal plants in the
country which are readily available. These medicinal plants shall be given care by different agencies
 Reproductive health-defined as a state of physical, mental and social well-being in all matters relating
to the reproductive system at all stages of life
 Premarital sex-sexual activity which is practiced by people before they are married. Considered as a
sin by a number of religious and also considered a moral issue
 Responsible parenthood and reproductive health act-provide for maternal and child health care, family
planning, and responsible parenthood
 RA 10354-a law which guarantees universal access to methods on contraception, fertility, sexual
education, and maternal care

Four(4) pillars of the responsible parenthood and reproductive health act:

 Informed choice-provision for the integration of reproductive health and sexuality education in schools
and other educational settings
 Respect for life-abortion is illegal and punishable by law
 Birth control-government must respect the citizen’s individual preference and choice of family
planning and method
 Responsible parenthood-the government shall equip each parent with needed information in all aspects
of family life, reproductive health and this pillar
 RA 8504(Philippine AIDS prevention and control act of 1998)-promulgates policies and prescribing
measures for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines
 Substance use and abuse-the use illegal drugs
 Gateway drugs-people use initially that may eventually lead to the abuse of illegal drugs
 Comprehensive and dangerous drug acts- provides for the regulation of narcotics
 RA 9165(comprehensive dangerous drugs act of 2002)-it protects citizens from harmful effects of
dangerous drugs
 RA 9211(tobacco regulation)
 Social health-ability to find individuals to form healthy and rewarding
 Cybercrime and prevention act-provides for criminal offenses committed online
 Cyber- refers toa computer or network, the electronic medium in which online communication takes
place
 Cybercrime-it is a crime committed in cyberspace
 Child-refers to a person below 18 years of age or over but is unable to fully take care of her/himself
from abuse
 RA 10175(cybercrime prevention act)-prohibition of cybersex, child pornography
 Child pornography-means of child engaged or involved in real or simulated explicit sexual activities
 Anti-hazing law- prohibits physical and emotional harms and abuse as imitation to a certain social
group
 RA 8949(ant- hazing law)-penalizes those who will go too far
 RA 7719(national blood services act of 1994)-aims to promote and encourage voluntary blood donation
by the citizenry)
 RA 9512 (national environmental awareness and education act of 2008)-promotes environmental
awareness through environmental education
 RA 8750 ort he seatbelt use act of 1999

AP
⭐Globalisasyon

- Buongmundong pakikipagugnayan

-proseso o interaksyon at integrasyon sa pagitan ng mga tak kumpanya at bansa

MGA PERSPEKTIBO NG GLOBALISASYON

1.Ang globalisasyon ay taal o nakaugat sa bawat isa

2.Ang globalisasyon ay isang siklo(cycle)ng pagbabago

3.Ang globalisasyon ay kabilang sa anim na wave o epoch o panahon na siyang binigyang diin ni Therborn
(2005)

4.Ang simula ng globalisasyon ay mauugat sa ispesipikong pangyayaring naganap sa kasaysayan.

5.Ang globalisasyon ay penomenong nagsimula sa kalagitnaan ng ika-20 siglo

MGA DAHILAN NG GLOBALISASYON

⚡Cultural integration o kultural na integrasyon-pagtanggap sa kultura ng ibang tao o lahi na nagiging

bahagi sa kanilang buhay

⚡ Economic network o Pankalakalang ugnayan-nagkakaroon ng palitan ng produkto at serbisyo ayon sa

hinihingi ng pangangailangan ng

bawat bansa

⚡Technological advancement o kaunlarang teknolohikal-pangunahing dahilan sa pagusbong at paglago ng

globalisasyon lalot higit ang mga teknolohiyang may kinalaman sa kommunikasyon

⚡Global power emergence o paglitaw ng pandaigdigang kapangyarihan- nakakaroon ng tinatawag na power

allegiance at power resistance

DIMENSIYON NG GLOBALISASYON

1.SOCIO CULTURAL O sosyo kultural -uri at kalagayan ng pamumuhay ng mga tao

2.Economic o Pankalakalan -ang ekonomiya ng bansa ay tuloy tuloy ang pagunlad

3.political o politikal- larangan ng pamamahala

4.Environmental o pangkapalogiran - isa sa pinaka na aapektuhan ng globalisasyon

5. Technological o teknolohikal - paglago ng impormasyon at mga kaalamang siyantipiko

⭐KALAGAYAN NG PAGGAWA SA BANSA⭐

4 NA HALIGI PARA SA DISENTE AT MARANGAL NA PAGGAWA (DOLE,2016)

⚡ EMPLOYMENT PILAR-Tiyakin ang paglikha ng mga sustenableng trabaho

 ⚡ WORKER'S RIGHT PILAR- Naglalayong palakasin at siguraduhin ang paglikha bg mga batas para sa
paggawa

⚡SOCIAL PROTECTION PILAR- Hikayatin ang mga kompanya pamahalaan at mga sankot sa paggawa na
lumikha ng mekanismo para sa proteksiyon ng manggagawa

⚡SOCIAL DIALOGUE PILAR - Palakasin ang laging bukas na pagpupulong sa pagitan ng pamahalaan

SEKTOR NG AGRIKULTURA

SEKTOR NG INDUSTRIYA

SEKTOR NG SERBISYO

ISKEMANG SUBCONTRACTING-kaayusan sa paggawa

Labor only contracting- ang subcontractor ay walang sapat na puhunan may direktang kaalaman

Job contracting -ang subcontractor ay may sapat na puhunan subalit wlang direktang kaalaman

Self employed - trabahong para paraan lamang walang vulnerable employment

Mura at flexible labor - paraan ng kapitalista na palakihin ang kanilang kinikita at tinutubo sa pamamagitan
ng pagpaoatupad ng mababang pasahod

Kontraktuwalisasyon - hindi magandang kalagayan ng mga manggagawang kontraktuwal/ kaswal

TUGON SA HAMON NG PAGGAWA

Presidential decree(PD) 442 o labor code -nagtatakda ng mga alituntunin na naglalayong ingatang ang mga
manggagawa

Department order 18-A ng DOLE - naghahayag ng patakaran ng pamahalaan laban sa pagkokontrata

Department order 10 ng DOLE sa ilalim ng Department order 18-02 - isinasaad ang pagbabawal ng
pagpapakontrata ng mga trabaho sa makaaapekto sa mga manggagawang regular

⭐KALAGAYAN NG PAGGAWA SA BANSA⭐

4 NA HALIGI PARA SA DISENTE AT MARANGAL NA PAGGAWA (DOLE,2016)

⚡ EMPLOYMENT PILAR-Tiyakin ang paglikha ng mga sustenableng trabaho

⚡ WORKER'S RIGHT PILAR- Naglalayong palakasin at siguraduhin ang paglikha bg mga batas para sa
paggawa

⚡SOCIAL PROTECTION PILAR- Hikayatin ang mga kompanya pamahalaan at mga sankot sa paggawa na
lumikha ng mekanismo para sa proteksiyon ng manggagawa

⚡SOCIAL DIALOGUE PILAR - Palakasin ang laging bukas na pagpupulong sa pagitan ng pamahalaan

SEKTOR NG AGRIKULTURA

SEKTOR NG INDUSTRIYA

SEKTOR NG SERBISYO

ISKEMANG SUBCONTRACTING-kaayusan sa paggawa

Labor only contracting- ang subcontractor ay walang sapat na puhunan may direktang kaalaman

Job contracting -ang subcontractor ay may sapat na puhunan subalit wlang direktang kaalaman

Self employed - trabahong para paraan lamang walang vulnerable employment

Mura at flexible labor - paraan ng kapitalista na palakihin ang kanilang kinikita at tinutubo sa pamamagitan ng
pagpaoatupad ng mababang pasahod

Kontraktuwalisasyon - hindi magandang kalagayan ng mga manggagawang kontraktuwal/ kaswal

DAHILAN AT EPEKTO NG MIGRASYON DULOT NG GLOBALISASYON

MIGRASYON -proseso ng pagalis at paglipat mula sa isang lugar

FLOW - tumutukoy sa dami o bilang ng mga nandarayuhang pumapasok sa isang bansa

NET MIGRATION - kapag ibinawas ang bilang ng umalis sa bilang ng pumasok

STOCK - bilang ng nandayuhan na naninirahan o nananatili sa bansang nilipatan

1.Globalisasyon ng Migrasyon - tumataas ang bilang ng mga bansang nakararanas at naapektuhan ng migrasyon

2.Mabilisang paglaki ng migrasyon- kapal o dami ng mga mandarayuhan ay patuloy ang pagtaas sa ibat ibang
rahiyon ng daigdig

3.Pagkakaiba iba ng uri ng migrasyon

⚡ Irregular migrants ay ang mga mamamayan na magtungo sa ibang bansa na hindi dokumentado

⚡ Temporary migrants mga mamamayan na nagtungo sa ibang bansa sa kaukulang permiso

⚡ Permanent migrants layunin sa pagtungl sa ibang bansa ay hindi lamang trabaho kundi ang permanenteng
paninirahan

Dahilan ng migrasyon

1.Hanapbuhay

2.ligtas na tirahan

3.panghihikayat ng mga pamilya

4.pagaaral

5.pagiwas sa sakuna

2 uri ng migrasyon

Panlabas - paglipat sa ibang bansa

Panloob - paglipat ng ibang bayan,lalawigan,rehiyon

Epekto ng GLOBALISASYON

⚡Epekto sa pagkakaroon ng pagkakasunduan

⚡Epekto ng oportunidad sa sektor ng paggaw

⚡ Epekto ng pagunlad ng teknolohiya

⚡Epekto ng pagunlad ng ekonomiya

Esp
 Ang kilos ng tao(act of man)-kilosna nagaganap sa tao. hindi ginagamitan ng isip at kilos-loob
 Ang makataong kilos(human act)-kilos na isinagawa ng tao ng may kaalaman,Kalayaan, at pagkukusa.
 Pagkukusang kilos(voluntary act)
 Bigat ng pananagutan(degree)

3 uri ng kilos ayon sa kapanagutan:

 Kusang loob-kilos na may kaalaman at pag sang-ayon

 Di-kusang loob-may pag gamit ng kaalaman ngunit kulang ang pag sang-ayon
 Walang kusang loob- walang kaalaman kayt walang pag sang ayon sa kilos

Eksepsyon at kabawasan ng pananagutan

 Paglalayon-kapanagutan ng kilos kung sa kabuuan ng paglalayon ay nakikita ng tao ang isang

masamng epekto ng kilos
 Pagiisip ng paraan na makarating salayunin.-ginagamit ang tamang kaisipan at katuwiran
 Pagpili ng pinaka malapit naparaan-kalayaan sa mga opsyonna pagpipilian o pinililamang ang mas
nakakabuti na walang pag sasaalang sa alang sa maaring epekto
 Pagsasakilos ng paraan-pagllapat ng pagkukusa na tunay na magbibigay ng kapanagutan sa
sakumikilos
 Makataong kilos-maaring mabawasan okaya ay mauwi sa pagiging isang ordinaryong kilos ng tao
dahil sa mga salikna nakaaapektoi rito.
 Kamangmangan-pinaka mahalagang element ng makataong kilos ay angpapelng isip
 Kamangmangan na nadaraig(vincible ignorance)-kawalan ngkaalaman sa isang Gawain subalit may
pagkakataong itama
 Kamangmangan na hindi nadaraig(invincible ignorance)-kawalan ng kaalaman na mayroon siyang
hindi alam na dapat niyang malaman
 Masidhing damdamin-ito ay ang diktang bodily appetites,pagkiling sa isang bagay o kilos o damdamin
 Antecedent-damdamin ay maaring nauuna.hindi niloob sinadya
 Consequent-nahuhuli,niloob at sinadya
 Takot-pagkabagabag ng isip ng tao na humaharap sa ano mang uri ng pagbabanta sa kaniyang buhay o
mahal sabuhay
 Karahasan-pagkakaroon ng panlabas na pwersa upang pilitin ang isang tao na gawin ang isang bagay
na labag sa kaniyang kilos loob at pagkukusa
 Gawi-gawain na paulit-ulit na isinasagawa at naging bahagi nang Sistema
 Sequence- ang pagsasagawa ng makataong kilos
 Para kay sto.tomas may 12 yugto ito at nahahati sa dalwang kategorya

Para kay Sto. Tomas De Aquino, may 12 yugto ang makataong kilos. Nahahati ang

dalawang kategoryang ito sa isip at kilos-loob.

ISIP KILOS-LOOB

1. Pagkaunawa sa layunin 2. Nais ng layunin

3. Paghuhusga sa nais makamtan 4. Intensyon ng layunin

5. Masusing pagsusuri ng paraan 6. Paghuhusga sa paraan

7. Praktikal na paghuhusga sa pinili 8. Pagpili

9. Utos 10. Paggamit

11. Pangkaisipang kakayahan ng layunin 12. Bunga

1. Pagkaunawa sa layunin. Ang pagnanais mo at ng iyong mga magulang na

makapagtapos ng pag-aaral.

2. Nais ng Layunin. Ang kagustuhan mo na kumuha ng kursong bokasyonal at ang nais

ng magulang mo pang - akademiko.

3. Paghuhusga sa nais makamtan. Pagpapaliwanag sa magulang kung bakit nais mong

kunin ang kursong bokasyonal.

4. Intensyon ng Layunin. Pagkilala sa sariling kakayahan at interes sa kursong ninanais.

5. Masusing pagsusuri ng paraan. Pag-alam ng mga karagdagang impormasyon hingil sa

kursong nais at ang kagustuhan ng mga magulang.

6. Paghuhusga sa Paraan. Pagtimbang sa dalawang pagpipilian: kagustuhan mo at ng

iyong mga magulang.

7. Praktikal na Paghuhusga sa Pinili. Ang interes at kakayanan ng mag-aaral ay lubhang

mahalaga na isaalang alang sa kursong kukunin.

8. Pagpili. Ang malayang pagpili sa kursong nais.

9. Utos. Mag enrol sa kursong bokasyonal sa Senior High School.

10. Paggamit. Pagpapakita ng sipag sa pag-aaral.

11. Pangkaisipang Kakayahan ng Layunin. Pagkakaroon ng kasiyahan at kapanatagan ng

kalooban.

12. Bunga. Pagiging masigasig sa pag-aaral.

Maaaring hindi tayo palaging may kamalayan sa mga yugtong ito o sa

pagkakasunud sunod nito ngunit mahalaga na malaman ang bawat yugto upang maging

gabay sa araw-araw na buhay. Ang mga yugtong ito ay maaari ding ilapat ayon sa mga

Hakbang sa Moral na Pagpapasya tulad ng mga sumusunod:

1. Magkalap ng patunay

2. Isaisip ang mga posibilidad

3. Maghanap ng ibang kaalaman

4. Tingnan ang kalooban

5. Umasa at magtiwala sa tulong ng Diyos

6. Magsagawa ng pasiya

-Ang makataong kilos ay bunga ng ating isip at kagustuhan na nagsasabi ng ating katangian.

-Ayon kay Sto. Tomas de Aquino, ang moral na kilos ay ang makataong kilos. Ibig sabihin,

ang makataong kilos ay dapat nakaagapay at naaayon sa batas moral.

2 uri ng kilos:
-panloob nakilos-nagmumula saisip at kilosloob

Panlabas nakilos-pamamaraan na ginagamit upang maisakatuparan angpanloob na kilos

Mga Salik na Nakakaapekto sa Resulta ng Kilos

1. LAYUNIN- Ito ay tumutukoy sa panloob na kilos kung saan nakatuon ang

kilos-loob. Ito ay tumutukoy sa taong gumagawa ng kilos (doer).

2. PARAAN- Ito ang panlabas na kilos na kasangkapan o paraan upang makamit ang layunin.

3. SIRKUMSTANSIYA- Ito ay tumutukoy sa kondisyon o kalagayan ng kilos na nakababawas o

nakadaragdag sa kabutihan o kasamaan ng kilos.

4. KAHIHINATNAN- Ang lahat ng kilos na ginagawa ng tao ay may dahilan,

batayan, at may kaakibat na pananagutan.

Iba’t-ibang Uri ng Sirkumstansiya

1. Sino- Ito ay tumutukoy sa tao na nagsagawa ng kilos o sa taong maaaring maapektuhan ng kilos.

2. Ano- Ito ang tumutukoy sa mismong kilos kung gaano ito kalaki o kabigat.

3. Saan- Ito ay tumutukoy sa lugar kung saan ginawa ang kilos.

4. Paano- Ito ay tumutukoy sa paran kung paano isinagawa ang kilos.

5. Kailan- Ito ay tumutukoy kung kailan isinagawa ang kilos.