ABIT211 - PRELIM REVIEWER
LECTURE
Introduction to Applied Business Tools and
Technologies
TERM EXPLANATION
Any asset that helps or assist
Business tool
s the business
Business tool regist A list of assets that are consid
er ered as being a business tool
Criteria that are to be used to
Identification criteria classify an item as a business
tool
Number attached to a tool dur
Serial number ing the manufacturing proces
s Police Check
In-house created number to id
Asset number
entify a tool
Method of recording a numbe
Barcode
r or code on to an asset
Electronic tags that can be att
Radio Frequency Ide ached so as to locate the ass
ntification Tags et within a reasonable distanc
e
The place where a business t
Storage location ool is to be stored when not in
use
Usage Allowed non-business usage
Business tool that controls the
Software
activities of the computer
A web site that allows access
Wiki
from wide range of users
Website that provides informa
Social Networking tion on social activities of its m
embers
TPC3 / HPC3 Applied Business Tools &
Technologies in Tourism
A standard telephone that
requires a physical connec
Landline telephone
tion to the telephone netw
ork
Document detailing future
Roster
access rights to a tool
Harm inflected upon a tool
Damage that is not a result or acce
pted business usage
Details any special storage
Storage Requirements conditions required by a b
usiness tool
A process or procedure to
Security Tool control access to a busine
ss tool
A method of controlling ac
Swipe Card Access
cess by using swipe cards
A set of characters and lett
Password ers to verify that access is
allowed
An application to the police
to disclose any previous cr
iminal activities
Camera positioned so as t
Security camera o record access to a busin
ess tool or tools
A contract that stipulates s
pecial terms and condition
Employment contract
s over and above a standa
rd employment contract
A process to check and m
onitor current procedures
Audit
and assess their performa
nce
Process to determine and
Stock take verify the existence of a bu
siness tool
The possible legal conseq
uences of supplying inform
Legal Implications
ation to those not authoriz
ed to have same
The development of skills
and knowledge so as to be
Training
tter able to use a business
tool
The process of preparing a
Maintenance
tool for later use
The process of making an
Repairs
unusable tool usable
 Using people and resource
In-House s that are within the confin
es of the business
Using people and resource
Outsourced s that are not within the co
nfines of the business
Resources that are consu
med in the normal operatio
Consumables n of the business tool. Wit
hout consumables the tool
will not perform.
The minimum set of skills t
Common Skills hat are required to efficient
ly use a business tool
Someone who has a highe
Local Expert r level of skills or knowledg
e than the minimum set
Procedure to notify relevan
t people that a tool has a f
Fault Reporting
ault and is not fully operati
onal.
Documents that support th
Documentation e operation or care of a bu
siness tool
BUSINESS TOOL
- can be considered as any asset that helps
or assists the organization to achieve its
stated aims or objectives.
- There are various types of tools that may be
used in a business varying in size,
complexity, danger, and importance to
the business operation.
PORTABLE AND ATTRACTIVE TOOL
- This states that the item is portable and
probably does not have a fixed location.
- It also states they are attractive, meaning
they could be a target for theft or excessive
use.
SIGNIFICANT SMALL TOOLS
- This is very similar as the item are small so
they can be easily lost and they are
significant to the business
REGARDLESS OF THE GROUP NAME THAT IS
IDENTIFIED, IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT
THE TOOLS MUST:
• Represent an investment to the business
• Require control as their use or loss can represent
a significant cost to the business
• Will generally require training to prevent damage
to the user or the business
• Are attractive in terms of cost and can be
attractive to a potential thief
• Are often portable so they are susceptible to
damage and loss as a direct result of their
portability and the exact location of a tool at any
time may not be known.
EXAMPLES OF BUSINESS TOOLS:
• Digital Cameras – • Laser pens
still, moving, and in
mobile telephones
• Mobile Telephones • Keyboards
• Pagers • Brochures
• Scanners • Facsimile
• Photocopiers • Landline Telephones
• Notebooks • Software
• Laptop • E-mail
• Dictation Machines • Business web site
• Order Taking
Handhelds
 14. Need for quick market response
15. Complex decision-making processes
16. Many alliances, joint ventures, and
partnerships

BUSINESS TECHNOLOGY
- refers to the application of science, data
engineering and information for business
purposes, such as achievement of
economic and organizational goals.
- The main element of technology is the idea of
change, and how it can affect business and
society.
DIMENSIONS OF TECHNOLOGY IN
- That technology can be customer-facing BUSINESS
applications and solutions, business-critical • Ubiquity
production and logistics solutions, or back office • Global Reach
financial systems, among others. Whatever its • Universal Standards
use, all this technology should be managed • Richness
professional. • Interactivity
• Information Density
CHALLENGES POSED BY TECHNOLOGY IN • Personalization/Customization
THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY • Social Technology
• Changing World: Challenges and
Opportunities
• Global Dimensions
INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN BUSINESS
• Project Deserves Special Attention Within the
Enterprise
(HARDWARE /SOFTWARE)
• Unique Nature of Technology Projects
HARDWARE
CHARACTERISTICS OF TECHNOLOGY-
INTENSIVE PROJECTS
1. Value creation by applying technology
The Central Tool of Modern Information System
2. High task complexity, risks, and uncertainty
3. Resource constraints and tight end-date ● Four Basic Functions of Computers
driven schedules despite tough performance
requirements. - Accept data
4. Highly educated and skilled personnel - Process data
5. Complex project organizations and cross- - Store data and instructions
functional linkages - Output Data
6. Technology used as a tool for managing
projects 7. Replacement of labor with ● Output devices
technology ● Input Devices
8. Advanced infrastructure
9. High front-end expenditures early in the ● External storage
project life cycle
● Internal Memory
10. Low short-term profitability in spite of large
capital investment ● Central Processing Unit
11.Changing markets, technology, and
regulations CONSIDERATIONS IN PURCHASING
12. Intense global competition, open markets, HARDWARE
low barriers to entry ● Power – speed, size of memory, storage
13.Short product life cycles capacity
● Expansion and upgrade capability
● Ports for external devices like printers and
communication devices
● Ergonomics: Keyboard, Monitor
● Vendor reliability, warranty policy, vendor support
 Programs designed to perform
specific jobs
- General - purpose programs
 Usable for different purposes
● CUSTOM- DESIGNED APPLICATIONS

★ Advantages:

➢ Meeting the organization’s exact needs

➢ In-house developers are sensitive to the

organizational culture

★ Disadvantages
SOFTWARE
➢ High cost
- A computer program is a series of
➢ Production schedule subject to long
instructions to a computer to execute
delays
any and all processes.
➢ Incompatible with other organizations’
- Computers only “understand”
system
instructions consisting of electrical
signals alternating between two states ● PACKAGED SOFTWARE

★ Advantages:
SYSTEM SOFTWARE ➢ Low cost
- Manages computer resources and performs
➢ High quality
routine tasks not specific to any application ❏
Copying and pasting sections and files ➢ Vendor support
❏ Printing documents
❏ Allocating memory ➢ Immediate availability

★ Disadvantages
- Developed to partner with as many
applications as possible ➢ features cater to the lowest common
❏ Applications will work with system denominator of users’ needs
software ONLY if they are developed to ➢ Software often addresses only a narrow
be compatible spectrum of business needs
➢ Purchases may pay for features they don’t
Operating System (O/S) need
➢ Impossible to alter to meet specific needs
❏ Single most important program and most
➢ Vendor may go out of business, leaving
important type of system software
users without support
➔ Developed for a certain microprocessor/s
➔ MULTIMEDIA
➔ Addresses technical details such as registers
➢ Can handle many different types of data such
and RAM addresses
as text, voice, and image
➔ Plays the role of “traffic cop” or the “boss” of
➢ Powerful means of communicating
computer resources
➢ Uses include education, training, research,
and business
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
- Application - specific programs -
➔ VIRTUAL REALITY (VR)
 ➢ Mimics sensory reality
➢ Business use of VR is expected to grow
dramatically for design and testing of new
products, and for marketing.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS:
TELECOMMUNICATIONS & NETWORKS
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
- Transmittal of data from one computer
to another over a distance
- Telecommunications has improved
business in three main ways:
- Better communication
- Higher efficiency
- Better distribution of data
COMMON BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
CHANNELS
Workplace Etiquette and Communication
utilizing Tools and Technology
FACE-TO-FACE COMMUNICATION
ETHICAL & SOCIETAL ISSUES
● Physical and Emotional Stress
- General physical and emotional stress
- Muscular - skeletal problems
 Repetitive Stress Injuries (RSI)
- Vision Problems
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
- This small risk can be eliminated by using
Liquid Crystal Display monitor in lieu of
cathode ray terminal (CRT) monitors
- Flat monitors not only emit negligible
amounts of electromagnetic radiation but
are easier on the eyes.
CASTING DOUBT
- Mayo Clinic 2001 study casts doubt that
heavy use of a PC is a main cause of carpal
tunnel syndrome.
❖ Editorial comment to study says
results might have been influenced
by sampled people and researchers
being employed by the same
company
BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE
- is a form of communication to send and
receive message/s with different purpose
and/or intention relating to business matters
and transactions.
- Moreover, the simplest way of expressing
and sending a message is through written
correspondence as not often we meet our
colleague, guest, client all the time (face to
face).
- THEREFORE, “communication” is a key.
- With the given tool and technology whether
you are a manager and/or a personnel,
sending and responding message
professionally is a MUST.
- two or more people interacting while seeing
each other’s faces
EXAMPLES:
➢ Video Conferencing
➢ In-person meetings
- asynchronous or real-time communication
exchanged between multiple parties using
electronic media.
EXAMPLES:
➢ Business Chat
➢ Project Management Software
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION - contains the return address with the date
on the last line.
- Any information exchanged one- - Sometimes it is necessary to include a line
directionally, using only written words. before the date with a phone number, fax
EXAMPLES: number, or e-mail address.
➢ Contracts or proposals - Often there is a line skipped between the
➢ Websites address and the date. It is not necessary to
type a return address if you are using
stationery with the return address already
5 BENEFITS OF GOOD BUSINESS imprinted, but you should always use a
COMMUNICATION date.
- Make sure the heading is on the left
1. Keeps employees happy
margin.
2. Builds positive
3. Improves business operations
4. Encourages company innovation
5. Promotes customer satisfaction 2. Recipient Address
- This is the address you are sending your
letter to.
- Be sure to make it as complete as possible
so it gets to its destination.
EMAIL + ETIQUETTE = PROFESSIONALISM
- Always include title names (such as Dr.) if
● When emailing with someone, you are you know them.
representing both yourself and your brand. It’s - This is, like the other address, on the left
important, then, to put your best foot forward and margin.
present yourself as professionally as possible. - If a standard 8 ½” x 11” paper is folded in
thirds to fit in a standard 9” business
● That means writing clearly, concisely, and using envelope, the inside address should appear
proper punctuation. It also means maintaining a through the window in the envelope (if there
somewhat formal tone without being rigid and is one).
unfriendly. - Be sure to skip a line after the heading and
● Ultimately, email etiquette is just about being before the recipient’s address, then skip
clear and to the point so you and your recipient can another line after the inside address before
both be as productive and understood as possible the greeting. For an example, see the end
of this sheet for a sample letter.
DO'S DON’TS
3. Subject
• Use proper • Don’t use acronym
salutation - The subject should be short and direct,
• Use readable font • Don’t overuse clearly representing to the recipient what
exclamation points your letter is about. If you have a reference
• Clear subject line • Don’t use bold letter number, such as a claim number, case
or word number or reference number, you should
• Do proofread • Don’t capitalize and include it on this line. The subject does not
highlight in RED (as have to be written as a complete sentence.
long as it is in
4. Greeting
instruction form)
• Stay concise - The salutation (or greeting) in a business
• Don’t forget your letter is always formal. It often begins with
signature “Dear {Person’s name}.”
- Once again, be sure to include the person’s
title if you know it (such as Ms., Mrs., Mr., or
COMMON COMPONENTS OF BUSINESS Dr).
LETTERS - If you’re unsure about the person’s title or
1. Letter Heading gender then just use their first name. For
 example, you would use only the person’s
first name if the person you are writing to is
“Jordan” and you do not know whether they
identify as male, female, or non-binary.
- The salutation always ends with a colon.
5. Body
- The body is the meat of your letter.
- For block and modified block letter formats,
single space and left justify each paragraph.
- Be sure to leave a blank line between each
paragraph, however, no matter the format.
- Be sure to also skip a line between the
salutation and the body, as well as the body
and the close.
-
6. Complimentary Close
- The complimentary close is a short and
polite remark that ends your letter.
- The close begins at the same justification
as your date and one line after the last
body paragraph.
- Capitalize the first word of your closing
(Thank you) and leave four lines for a
signature between the close and the
sender’s name.
- A comma should follow the closing.
7. Signature
- Skip at least four lines after the close for
your signature, and then type out the name
to be signed.
- If you are printing this letter out and sending
it by mail, you will sign your name in pen.
- This line will include your first and last
name, and often includes a middle initial,
although it is not required.
- You may put your title beforehand to show
how you wish to be addressed (Ms., Mrs.,
Dr.).
- The signature should be in blue or black ink.
TYPES OF BUSINESS LETTERS
● Thank you Letter
- These can be great for networking and
relationship building. Don’t just write a, “Thanks
for,” and leave it at that. Provide more details about
what they did and how it helped you, and then
close with a second expression of thankfulness.
● Response Letter
- This is about explaining or listing off how a
request was fulfilled.
● Letter of Request
- The key with these types of letters is to ask for
help without groveling or being overly emotional.
Take a hard look at the adjectives you’re using in
the letter.
● Sales / Marketing Letter
- These letters require a strong call to action or
hook at the beginning so that the receiver continues
to read and discovers the benefits of whatever you
are selling. Make sure to provide information so
that they can easily respond
● Memorandum
- Often used to spread important news and
directives inside a company, the point with memos
is to be fast and to the point with your
communications.
● Acknowledgement Letter
- They are meant to acknowledge that you received
an item from someone, or that you are aware of a
fact or error they pointed out. Let the receiver know
when you received the package or information, and
then thank them for it.
BUSINESS LETTER BEST PRACTICES
1. Set a proper font, indentation and margin.
2. Consider organization’s format (logo, heading,
signature, contact numbers) if any as there will be
uniformity and consistency.
3. Usually in sales and reservation department, it is
better to have a uniformed template so that there
will be a standard and branding.
TONE IN THE LETTER
1. Don’t make it sound arrogant.
2. Your approach should be direct to the point and
conversational, yet professional.
3. Use appropriate word/s and be sensitive to the
reader’s feelings.
E-TOURISM & E-COMMERCE
UNWTO
- “As the world looks to enter a recovery era,
the tourism industry needs to focus, assess
and reinvent itself to build a stronger
foundation. “
- our industry (tourism) known for innovative
method in delivering service and able to
reach the possible market in digitalization.
E – TOURISM
- is the digitalization of all processes and
value chains in the tourism, travel,
hospitality and catering industries that
enable organizations to maximize their
efficiency and effectiveness. (Buhalis, 2003)
- Basically, the E-Tourism term refer to E-
Business systems in the tourism industry.
- It is an application of ICT’s (Information and
Communication Technology) and enable to
transform processes digitally.
- An example of which that tourist may now
choose, filter and select their travel
destinations, locations and place to visit to.
E-COMMERCE
- It is about conducting commercial
transactions via the web or getting involved
in selling and buying items over the internet.
- It also covers monetary transactions.
E-COMMERCE MODELS
● B2B (Business-to-Business)
- Transaction between Firms / Companies
- it is the first B2B travel portal established in
the Philippines which has brought all the
airline and hotel reservation system (GDS
and LCC airlines) in a single page
integrating all the servers and enabling the
agents to surf the schedule, fares and make
bookings instantaneously.
- Launched in Manila in August 2010,
VIA.com Philippines has captured majority
of B2B market with more than 9000 travel
agents registered in its network and
transacting on a monthly basis, and
presence in over 180 cities and
municipalities nationwide
● B2C (Business-to-Consumer)
- Companies that sell goods or services to a
consumer
- Official Websites of the Hotels
- Official booking sites of the Airlines Online
Travel Agencies (Agoda, Expedia,
Booking.Com, AirBnB
● C2C (Consumer-to-Consumer)
- Transactions between consumers
- Usually eBay, Amazon, Shopee, Lazada
● C2B (Consumer-to-Business)
- C2B businesses focus on generating value
from their customer base by crowdsourcing
ideas, soliciting feedback and more
- Tripadvisor operates the world’s largest
travel guidance platform, connecting a
 global audience of prospective travelers ➢ Sabre
with travel partners through rich content, ➢ Worldspan
price comparison tools, and online
reservation and related services for
destinations, accommodations, travel 2. COMPUTERISED OR CENTRALISED
activities and experiences, and restaurants. RESERVATIONS SYSTEM
- Tripadvisor enables consumers to
research destinations, experiences, and
restaurants, read and contribute user-
generated content (such as reviews and LABORATORY
photos), and compare destinations and ELECTRONIC MAIL (PARTS & FUNCTIONS)
businesses based on quality, price,
availability comparisons, and complete ELECTRONIC MAIL (E-MAIL)
bookings
- stands for Electronic Mail where it enables
to send and receive messages via internet.

- E-mail generally contains text, files, images

and other attachments through computer
● B2B2C (Business-to-Business-to-Consumer) network.

- extends the B2B (business-to-business) - Used to a newsletter to send

model to include e-commerce for advertisements, promotions and other
consumers. various content.
- The goal is to create a mutually beneficial
relationship between suppliers of goods and - An application to utilize for communicating
services and online retailers. professionally.
- GDS – Travel related Services (Travel
Agencies) – Travelers - A widely used to send information within the
organization.
GMAIL

- is a free email service provided by Google.

In many ways, Gmail is like any other email
service: You can send and receive emails,
block spam, create an address book, and
perform other basic email tasks.

- But it also has some more unique features

that help make it one of the most popular
online email services.
To sign in:
TOURISM SYSTEMS 1. Go to www.gmail.com
- Commonly used industry - wide systems 2. Type your username (your email address) and
used by travel organizations include: password, the click Next.

1. GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (GDS) To sign out:

- is an e-commerce tool introduced by airlines
1. In the top-right corner of the page, locate the
to facilitate the booking flights.
circle that has your first initial (if you've already
- There are four major GDS:
selected an avatar image, it will show the image
➢ Amadeus
instead).
➢ Galileo
2. To sign out, click the circle and select Sign out means that a copy of the email you are
sending will also be sent to that address,
Mail Settings but no one receiving the email will be
1. Occasionally, you may want to make able to see the address in the BCC field
adjustments to Gmail's appearance or 4. Type a subject for the message. In typing a
behavior. For example, you could create a subject, kindly make it concise yet delivers the
signature or vacation reply, edit your labels, or intention of your message
change the theme. These adjustments can be 5. In the body field, type your message. When
made from your mail settings you're done, click Send.
2. From here, you can click any of the categories
at the top to edit the desired settings.
➢ General settings let you customize your font to
use, contacts, signature, vacation responder and
other default configurations.
➢ Signature setting enables you to set and Sample Template # 1 - Sending Proposal of
default your own signature based on your Package Tour / Promo
preference which details / information you would
like to input - designation, contact number,
address, company name and/or social media
links.
1. Click Create new
2. Make your own Signature name and
create multiple signature

GOOGLE APPS
- is a collection of web-based programs and Sample Template # 2 - Letter of Appointment
file storage that run in a web browser.
- The platform also allows you to bring in
several of Google’s other apps to join the
party from right inside the Gmail interface,
giving you quick and easy access to your
calendars, to-do list, files, and notes.

To send an email:
1. In the left menu pane, click the Compose Sample Template # 3 - Letter of Confirmation of
button. Booking
2. The compose window will appear in the
lower-right corner of the page
3. You'll need to add one or more recipients to
the To: field. You can do this by typing one
or more email addresses, separated by
commas, or you can click To to select
recipients from your contacts, then click
select.
CC stands for "carbon copy."
- field it means that a copy of the email
you are sending will also be sent to that E-COMMERCE
address.
BCC stands for "blind carbon copy."
- When you put an email address in the ELEMENTS OF E-COMMERCE WEBSITE
BCC or "blind carbon copy" field it FEATURES | TOURISM WEB DESIGN
• Responsive Mobile Friendly Travel Website
design
• Search Filters for Travel Websites
• Optimized search results for a specific
destination
• Customer reviews & social media
• Predictive search
- is the drop-down list when the user types
anything in the search bar. The users won’t
have to type the full names of the
destination or a travel package.
- This helps users find common queries
quickly and not have to type for everything
he’s looking for. This way, you don’t have to
display all search results. Users can find
queries and answers to them that they didn’t
know about.
• Destination details with HD images
• Augmented reality (AR)
- is quite popular in the travel industry. It
allows the customers to see what the hotel
and the local sites look like before travelling
there.
- Pictures are helpful, but AR allows hotel
owners and other businesses to encourage
customers to visit the place.
• Virtual Reality (VR)
- The best part about virtual reality in the
travel industry is the virtual tours. They
allow users to participate in guided tours
anywhere in the world.
- It also gives a 360-degree view of the
locations. With that, the users can explore
small and lesser-known places too.
- It helps gain more trust, and the customers
can look at where they are visiting before
the bookings.
• Transparent in Pricing
• Easy booking system
• Google Map integration
• Payment integration & Simple checkout
HRS GROUP | B2B MODEL | E-COMMERCE
- a B2B model where HRS Group enables to
offer a system with wide variety of services
like hotel, airline, space, transportation
bookings to corporate accounts so that their
employees can be used.
TRIPADVISOR | C2B & B2BMODEL | E-
COMMERCE
- A C2B model where guests enable to create
reviews and earn badges.
- In addition, TripAdvisor enables to
approach the concept of B2B Model as they
able to provide a platform to Hotels,
Restaurants, Airlines and Cruises where
travelers allow to see their feedback,
reviews, testimonials and ratings.
ANY TRAVEL AGENCY WEBSITE | B2C MODEL
| E-COMMERCE
- Below sample travel agency website where
demonstrates B2C Model.
9 TRENDS THAT WILL EXIST IN 2030
1. Augmented Reality will gain mainstream
acceptance
2. JARVIS-Like Al assistants will begin to
become popular
3. Crypto may become a common payment
option
4. Autonomous delivery drones could become
mainstream
5. Virtual Reality will play an essential part of
Marketing Initiatives
6. Purchases on social media platforms will be
commonplace
7. Emerging markets will play a huge role
8. Voice commerce will grow in popularity
9. More product descriptions will be in video
format