The Formula for Solving the Square of a Two-Digit Number Ending in 5 (2D-5 Formula)

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Mathematics IV

Presented to the Faculty of Baguio City National High School - Main

Submitted by:

IV Nobility

ABSTRACT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The researchers would like to thank the students who helped them in the project; answering their surveys with their whole heart and with honesty. The researchers would also like to thank those who extended their help with advises and man-power that eventually led to the success of this project. Last but not the least, the researchers would like to thank God for giving them the guidance, strength and knowledge they needed to complete the project. Also, for giving them the gift of life and the gift of friendship, both of which is a huge factor in complying with the project.

INTRODUCTION a. Background of the Study Researchers were brainstorming of what topic students usually have a problem with. Since the researchers were learning about quadratic formulas, it means that when they are solving f(x), they need to square x. When squaring 1-digit numbers, its no problem but sometimes, when squaring a 2-digit number, they encounter problems. Some of the researchers committed a lot of errors in squaring 2-digit numbers so they devised a way to make it easier starting with 2-digit numbers ending in 5. b. Statement of the Problem The researchers would like to test the accuracy, the easiness and the fastness of the formula. Specifically, 1. To test if it is more usable in the intermediate elementary, 1st year high school, 2nd year high school, 3rd year high school and 4th year high school. 2. To compare the formula and the long method in terms of accuracy, difficulty and time-bound. 3. To identify the errors in the formula. c. Significance of the Study The formula will help the students solve the square of a two-digit number ending in 5, easier, faster and more accurate.

Through this formula, the students wont take too long to solve the square of a number and it will also enhance their equation memorization and lessen the use of calculators with simple equations. d. Scope and Limitations The study only aims to test intermediate elementary, students ranging from grade 4 6 and 1st to 4th year high school students. There are only a total of 30 respondents, randomly selected; 9 students per year and 9 students in intermediate elementary, regardless of their grade. The results will be statistically analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) only. e. Review of Related Literature In mathematics, a square number, sometimes also called a perfect square, is an integer that is the square of an integer; in other words, it is the product of some integer with itself. So, for example, 9 is a square number, since it can be written as 3 3. The usual notation for the formula for the square of a number n is not the product n n, but the equivalent exponentiation n2, usually pronounced as "n squared". The name square number comes from the name of the shape. This is because a square with side length n has area n2. Square numbers are non-negative. Another way of saying that a (non-negative) number is a square number is that its square root is again an integer. For example, 9 = 3, so 9 is a square number. A positive integer that has no perfect square divisors except 1 is called square-free.

For a non-negative integer n, the nth square number is n2, with 02 = 0 being the zero square. The concept of square can be extended to some other number systems. If rational numbers are included, then a square is the ratio of two square integers, and, conversely, the ratio of two square integers is a square (e.g., 4/9 = (2/3)2).

METHODOLOGY A. Materials The materials used are the questionnaires, a Casio calculator, a pencil and a ball pen. B. Procedures The questionnaires (shown below) are issued to the 30 randomly selected students for them to answer. Then the questionnaires were collected for statistical analysis.

QUESTIONNAIRE:
The Formula for Solving the Square of a Two-Digit Number Ending in 5 (2D-5 Formula) A. Using the Long Method (show solution) (55)2= (95)2= (35)2= B. Using the 2D-5 Formula (show solution) (ab)2 = [a(a+1)x100]+25 (55)2= (95)2= (35)2= Do you know a formula/process other than the 2D-5 Formula? Yes No

Which is easier to use? ____Long Method ____2D-5 Formula Which is faster to use? ____Long Method ____2D-5 Formula Which is more accurate? ___Long Method ____2D-5 Formula RATING FOR THE 2D-5 FORMULA (5 as the highest; 1 as the lowest) Element 1 2 3 4 Accuracy Time-bound Difficulty

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A. Findings The questionnaires are attached in the Appendices.

B. Weisstein, Eric W., "Square Number" from MathWorld.