YULO, IRES A.

BSED- SCI3A

Discuss the differences among the plum pudding model of the atom, the
Rutherford model of the atom, the Bohr theory of the atom, and the quantum
mechanical theory of the atom.

- The difference between Bohr's atomic theory and the plum pudding model is that
Bohr's planetary model or the atomic theory displays a close-up representation of
the atom and how it works. However, the model is based on atom spectra and
Newton's equation of motion, which do not apply to microscopic particles, and it
does not depict covalent bonding. Thomspon's plum pudding theory, on the other
hand, reveals where electrons and neutrons are located within the atom. The
plum pudding model depicts an atom's appearance but does not explain how it
acts. The nucleus of the atom is not visible.

The quantized orbits in which the electrons can move without emitting radiant
energy are assumed in Bohr's model. Quantized orbits are also present in the
electron cloud model. The atomic model of Bohr, on the other hand, assumes
that the electron's energy is solely determined by the orbit's principle quantum
number (n). Sommerfeld produced this incorrect assumption by introducing an
additional quantum number called the Azimuthal quantum number (l). The
quantum mechanical model specifies an electron using four basic quantum
numbers. Though the fundamental concept of quantized (discrete) states/energy
levels is the same in both Bohr's and Quantum mechanical models, the latter
provides a far more satisfying theory.

The most significant difference between the two is that the electron's path is well
defined in Bohr's model, whereas the Quantum mechanical model completely
disregards the idea of finding the electron's trajectory and relies solely on the
probability of finding an electron in a given region of space.