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DNA Structure Central Dogma
DNA Structure Central Dogma
DNA Structure Central Dogma
Dr Danisile Tembe, SLS Room 05-105, Tel: 031 260 7586, Email: TembeD@ukzn.ac.za
What is DNA?
➢ A polynucleotide with a specific sequence of deoxyribonucleotide
units covalently joined through 3’-5’ –phosphodiester bonds.
Structure and properties of nucleotide
a) Sugar deoxyribose
b) Phosphate group
c) Nitrogenous
Attachment site
for base
https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/9-1-the-structure-of-dna/
3’ Terminus
Polarity – naming the ends of a polynucleotide
This is a 5’ end
The carbon closest to
the end is a 5’ carbon
How do you tell what kind of end you are looking at?
This is a 3’ end
The carbon closest to
the end is a 3’ carbon
http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectures/chemistry.htm
DNA Is A Double Helix
➢ DNA consist of two complementary strands of
nucleotides twisted together to form a double
helix
➢ The two strands in DNA are oriented in the
opposite direction and the helix is antiparallel
➢ The two strands of DNA are joined by the
hydrogen bonds
DNA Is A Double Helix
DNA Is A Double Helix
Lehninger principles of Biochemistry, Fifth Edition, 2008. @W.H. Freeman and Company
Three Forms of DNA Helical structures
➢ There are 3 helical forms of DNA
3. Transfer RNA (tRNA): deliver correct amino acid to ribosome during translation
• Short interfering RNAs (siRNA): responsible for degrading mRNA- stopping it from producing
synthesis of proteins
Central dogma video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KIvBn6gfRgY