ABSTRACT

The study project investigated the application of green technology in the United

Kingdom building industry. The study core objectives comprised establishing

benefits associated with green technology application in the UK construction

industry, examining approaches that encourage green building technology adoption

in the construction industry, and investigating the challenges encountered in

adopting green technologies within the UK construction industry.

The review of the literature was based on research from past studies founded on

the perspective of all research objectives and background of the research topic.

Additionally, the study was grounded on mixed methods consisting of both

qualitative and quantitative research methods in acquiring required information for

the study. Web based survey was employed because it was not practicable for the

researcher to carryout field investigations and physical interviews across the UK.

The study respondents were drawn from various construction companies across the

United Kingdom and limited to 65 participants whom were recruited through

LinkedIn, Twitter, Instagram and Facebook.

Furthermore, the data analysis of research objectives and questions comprised

questions of a questionnaire, and findings revealed the constructive influence of

green technologies adoption in the building industry as well as its environmental

impact. The outcomes were interpreted, assessed, and discussed with basis on

comparison with past research supported by the findings from journal articles and

government websites.

Keywords: Construction, Green building, Green technologies, United Kingdom

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The successful completion of this project would not have been possible

without the support of the University and the project managers who took

time out of their busy schedules to respond to my questionnaires. I am

especially indebted to my supervisor Dr. Tahar Kouider, whose guidance,

support and understanding during my project has enormously facilitated the

successful completion this study.

No one is bearing in my mind to be more imperative for me in order to

pursuit this project than the members of my own family. I would like to

thank my parents; whose affection, care and guidance are always with me in

whatever I seek after. They are a definitive moral example and role models

for me.

Lastly, I would like to thank my friends and colleagues who have contributed

in one way or the other to make my stay at the university a memorable one.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION i

ABSTRACT ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS x

Chapter 1: Introduction 1

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Problem Statement 2

1.2 Study Background 2
1.3 The Significance of the Study 3
1.4 The Rationale of the Study 3
1.5 Research Aim 4
1.6 Research Objectives 4
1.7 Research Questions 4
1.8 Research Limitations 4
1.9 Research significance 5
1.10. Structure of the Research 6
Chapter 2: Literature Review 7

2. Literature Review 7

2.1 BREEAM and Green Building Design Guide 7

2.1.1 Relevant technologies 10
2.2 Benefits Associated with Green Technology Application in the UK
Construction Industry 11
2.3 Approaches Promoting Green Building Technology Adoption in the UK
Construction Industry 18
2.4 Challenges Encountered in Adopting Green Building Technology within
the Construction Industry 22
2.5 Summary 28
Chapter 3: Methodology 29

3. Research Methodology 29

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 3.1 Introduction 29
3.2 Research Design 29
3.3. Sampling 30
3.4 Interpretivism Research Philosophy 30
3.5 Research Method 31
3.6 Methods of Data Collection 31
3.7 Data Analysis 32
3.8 Study Limitations 33
3.9 Validity and Reliability 34
3.10. Ethical Considerations 34
3.11. Summary 35
Chapter 4: Findings and Interpretation 36

4. Findings, Results and Interpretation 36

4.1 Introduction 36
4.2 In your opinion what would be the significance of using green
technologies within your projects? 36
4.3 What is the impact of green technologies on the productivity of
construction firms? 37
4.4 Which green technologies have you employed in your projects? 38
4.5 What are the barriers and challenges that hinder the acceptance and
implementation of green technologies in the UK construction industry? 40
4.6 Have you incorporated green technologies into your recent
construction or renovation project? 41
4.7 How do you believe the environment will be impacted with the
application of the green technologies in the construction field? 42
4.8 In your opinion, how can the construction industry approach the
preservation of the environment by the use of green technology? 43
4.9. The government is a critical player in the adoption and use of green
technologies. Do you believe that the UK government has done enough to
ensure the adoption of the GBTs? Kindly provide details 44
4.10 Kindly provide the strategies that you deem appropriate for
promoting the adoption of green building technologies in the UK
construction industry? 45
4.11 Kindly provide any other information that you deem important but not
captured by the questions in the survey? 46

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Respondent’s bio-data 47

4.12 Findings on Age 47

4.13 Gender of Respondents 48
4.14 The Respondents’ Origin 49
4.15 Summary 51
Chapter 5: 52

Discussion 52

5. Discussions 52

5.1 Introduction 52
5.2 Summary Discussion 52
5.2.1 In your opinion what would be the significance of using green
technologies within your projects? 52
5.2.2 What is the impact of green technologies on the productivity of
construction firms? 53
5.2.3 Which green technologies have you employed in your projects? 53
5.2.4 What are the barriers and challenges that hinder the acceptance
and implementation of green technologies in the UK construction
industry? 53
5.2.5 Have you incorporated green technologies into your recent
construction or renovation project? 54
5.2.6 How do you believe the environment will be impacted with the
application of the green technologies in the construction field? 54
5.2.7 In your opinion, how can the construction industry approach the
preservation of the environment by the use of green technology? 55
5.2.8 The government is a critical player in the adoption and use of
green technologies. Do you believe that the UK government has done
enough to ensure the adoption of the GBTs? Kindly provide details 55
5.2.9 Kindly provide the strategies that you deem appropriated for
promoting the adoption of green building technologies in the UK
construction industry? 56
5.2.10 Kindly provide any other information that you deem important but
not captured by the questions in the survey? 56
5.3 Biodata from Respondents 57
5.3.1 Age of respondents 57

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 5.3.2 Gender of respondents 57
5.4 Summary 57
Chapter 6 59

6. Conclusion and Recommendations 59

6.1 Introduction 59
6.2 Conclusion 59
6.3 Recommendations 62
References 63

Appendix 75

Questionnaire: 75
STUDENT PROJECT ETHICAL REVIEW (SPER) FORM 78

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 List of Tables

Table 1: Respondents’ gender ...................................................................... 49

Table 2: Showing origin of respondents ......................................................... 50

viii
 List of Figures

Figure 1: Benefits of green buildings ............................................................. 12

Figure 2: Green technology ......................................................................... 14
Figure 3: Energy consumption pattern in the previous 40 years in Wales ............ 19
Figure 4: Reducing energy consumption for end users ..................................... 37
Figure 5: Green technologies impact the productivity of construction firms .......... 38
Figure 6: Green technologies employed in most construction projects ................ 39
Figure 7: Barriers and challenges that hinder the acceptance and implementation of
green technologies .................................................................................... 41
Figure 8: Incorporating green technologies into a recent construction or renovation
project ..................................................................................................... 42
Figure 9: Respondents opinions on the Impact of environment.......................... 43
Figure 10: Respondents opinions on the Approach of environmental preservation 44
Figure 11: Whether the government has done enough..................................... 45
Figure 12: What is deemed appropriate for the adoption of green technology..... 46
Figure 13: What respondents think would be added to the survey questions....... 47
Figure 14: The respondent’s age .................................................................. 48
Figure 15: Origin of respondents .................................................................. 50

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 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviation Meaning

BREEAM Building Research Establishment Environmental

Assessment Method

BRE Building Research Establishment

GBTs Green Building Technologies

ISO International Organization for Standardization

KESS Knowledge Economy Skills Scholarship

LCA Life cycle evaluation

LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

PV Photovoltaic

x
 Chapter 1: Introduction

Introduction

1. Introduction

Green technology is the utilization of technology that results in processes and

products that are environmentally friendly, for instance, through the reduction of

carbon emissions as well as production of biodegradable products. The contribution

to renewable sustainability is the major focus of green technology, and its eco-

friendliness is employed and developed in ways that are incapable of disrupting the

environment and facilitate the conservation of natural resources (Babu, 2017). In

addition, Hasper (2009) opines that green technology is employed in developed

nations through a diversity of mechanisms either to replace an existing process or

make it more environmental-friendly. Today, well-known companies opt to espouse

green technology undertakings in complementing and supplementing their

techniques of production for both services and goods.

According to Soni (2015), green technologies facilitate the availability of bio-

gas flora to countryside households that have empowered society as well as have

enhanced their productivity. In addition, green technology promotes process and

product design that minimizes generation and use of perilous substances. However,

green technology encounters challenges; for instance, it is expensive since it

explains environmental outlays externalized in several processes of conventional

production. Additionally, the technologies novelty relates to affiliated training and

1
development costs, thus, making it expensive, and its attainable benefits are reliant

on different elements such as technological readiness and supporting infrastructure

(Soni, 2015).

1.1 Problem Statement

The study on the application of green technologies in the UK construction

industry is imperative since it presents the benefits associated with green

technology application in the UK construction industry, the approaches that

promote green building technology adoption in the UK construction industry, and

the challenges encountered in adopting green building technology within UK

construction industry. These elements offer the extent of green technology

application in the UK facilitating the ascertainment of challenges as well as benefits.

1.2 Study Background

The principal role of study is the application of green technology in the UK

construction industry. The world possesses a limited quantity of natural

environmental resources with some being depleted or spoilt. For instance,

household electronics and batteries usually include hazardous compounds capable

of polluting groundwater. Additionally, they contaminate the water and soil with

substances incapable of being removed from the water consumption supply as well

as crops grown on affected soil. Therefore, the health risks towards human health

are profound (Soni, 2015). In addition, according to Aithal and Aithal (2016), green

technology is an ecologically healing invention capable of reducing ecological

damages generated by technologies and products for individual’s expediencies. The

green technology aims at enhancing farmhouse revenue whilst decreasing

environmental ruin as well as conserving natural resources.

2
 However, the building industry considerably affects the innate surrounding,

society, and economy. On a global scale, the building sector uses 40% of aggregate

power production, 12-16% of every available water, 32% of renewable and non-

renewable resources, 40% of raw materials, 25% of timber, generates 30-40% of

solid waste, and emits 35-45% of carbon dioxide. In the previous years, there has

been an endeavour by the construction sector to augment activity sustainability

through the adoption of the different green construction technologies. There is a

need for further research due to the lack of widespread awareness related to green

building, fear of risk, and short-term high involved costs. Therefore, green

technology has indicated its importance regarding environmental sustenance,

conservation of resources, and attainment of renewable energy.

1.3 The Significance of the Study

The study importance consists of green technology. The study project aids in

understanding the benefits associated with green technology application in the UK

construction industry, the approaches that promote green building technology

adoption in the UK construction industry, and challenges encountered in adopting

green building technology within the UK construction industry. The dissertation also

entails comprehending assessment tools of BREEAM and the green building design

guide.

1.4 The Rationale of the Study

The rationale of the dissertation is on comprehending the application of green

technology in the United Kingdom construction industry and to achieve the

underlying factors for its sustainability in safeguarding the natural environment.

3
1.5 Research Aim

The study focuses on the application of green technology in the United

Kingdom construction industry through highlighting factors that favour its

promotion and sustenance while conserving and protecting the natural resource

environment.

1.6 Research Objectives

The dissertations particular objectives are stated below:

i. To establish benefits associated with green technology application in the

UK construction industry;

ii. To examine approaches that promote green building technology adoption

in the UK construction industry;

iii. To find out challenges encountered in adopting green building technology

within the UK construction industry.

1.7 Research Questions

i. What benefits are associated with green technology application in the UK

construction industry?

ii. What are the approaches that promote green building technology

adoption in the UK construction industry?

iii. What are the challenges encountered in adopting green building

technology within the UK construction industry?

1.8 Research Limitations

Construction standards and codes in the United Kingdom are creating

challenges in highlighting the importance of green technology within the

construction industry, which renders a difficult task for the establishment of

4
construction industry. The diverse low power materials and cost-effective

applications emerged to be reliant on other different factors, for instance, support

infrastructure that generates a huddle towards the study. Additionally, the gathered

information was compiled from various construction companies whereby some were

incapable to provide the necessary documentation to facilitate the study. The

researcher encountered restricted understanding related to green technology and

affiliated variables, for instance, BREEAM preceding to the beginning of the research

study.

1.9 Research significance

The study is essential due to the significant considerations concerning the

importance of green technology application in the UK construction industry that

follows set standardized guidelines. The research is regarded due to the

implementation of the BREEAM environmental evaluation approach in providing

credits to small buildings in the UK as well as setting a trend followed by several

countries including the United States in the creation of the LEED evaluation system.

The research forwards the need for conservation and protection of the environment

by all stakeholders in reducing greenhouse emission to minimal levels. The

knowledge results into the identification of factors or aspects that can be employed

or instituted by constructors while erecting buildings to input greenhouse

guidelines. The literature informs the public about the dangers of excessive

emission of greenhouse gases into the environment as well as means to mitigate by

choosing eco-friendly approaches and energy, for instance, reusable energy that

could also augment productivity. Furthermore, literature from pre-existing research

has been added to the study to provide an expansive understanding of green

5
technology application in the UK construction industry. The literature is diverse and

provides an extensive collection of information in facilitating the compilation of

relevant and adequate information for completing the dissertation.

1.10. Structure of the Research

The dissertation will comprise six chapters. The first section consists of the

topic overview including the definition of green technology, BREEAM and the green

building design, the pertinent technologies as well as their impact, rationale of the

study, aim and objectives, and research limitations. The literature review will entail

discussion of the research questions by presenting different information from

journal articles, peer-reviewed journals, and books from various authors. The third

chapter entails the methodology to the study while the fourth, fifth and sixth

chapter entails interpretation, analysis and discussion of data findings as well as

recommendations and conclusion.

6
 Chapter 2: Literature Review

2. Literature Review

2.1 BREEAM and Green Building Design Guide

In relation to the green building design guide, Abualrejal, Udin, and Mohtar

(2017) state that in the current globalization epoch, sustainable structures have

acquired novel procedures in stimulating green structure practices. The green

structure criterion foundation includes resource and material conservation, energy

efficiency, and sustainable design of the individual structure. The factor of energy

competence is the standard of employed energy in supplying a service. The

improvement of energy competence signifies the public saving and receiving

additional energy from already utilized energy. Energy efficiency is a path to

achieving society’s sustainability as well as an acknowledged tool in minimizing

greenhouse gas discharge. The presence of retrofit and energy competence

refurbishment aids in reducing greenhouse gas discharge plus reduction that results

to the buildings energy efficiency. In addition, the built environment level to 30-

40% of the world energy use and linked greenhouse gas production hence

facilitating all industries to accumulate energy as well as thwart greenhouse gas

discharge. Furthermore, in relation to green structure materials, resource

efficiency, environmental impacts, social welfare, waste production as well as

performance competence are factors considered while selecting apt green structure

materials.

7
 Samer (2013) expounds that certain government measures stipulated in

attaining green structure design include the promotion of novel structure

constructions as well as retrofitting of available buildings when fulfilling low energy

criterion. These government measures signify enhancing energy efficacy and

building systems, promoting renewable power sources, and developing sustainable

structure concepts. The low energy structure design needs parametric research

through tools of simulation in optimizing the building's envelope design. However,

these researches are time-consuming and complex as a result of widespread

parameters for consideration (Samer, 2013). Additionally, structure energy

competence can attain improvement through implementation of both passive and

active power efficient strategies. The active strategies include electrical lighting, air

conditioning and ventilation systems and heating improvement while passive

strategies include enhancement to the building envelope aspects. The structures

envelope separates the outdoor and indoor settings of a structure and it is a major

aspect that establishes the controls and quality of the indoor situations irrespective

of transitory outdoor situations.

According to Reed, Clouston, Hoque, and Fisette (2010), the United Kingdom

developed the initial environmental evaluation strategy in 1990 titled the British

Establishment’s Environment Assessment Method (BREEAM). The approach is

widely employed with the inclusion of the United States in creating their strategies

of evaluation and its recent version 2.0 was initiated in 2008. Furthermore, Reed,

Clouston, Hoque, and Fisette (2010) expound that BREEAMs water efficiency offers

a spot for filtered water decrease although it does not state the particular reduction

percentage in consumption. The BREEAM HEA 12 presents recognition to

8
undertakings that demonstrate that threats of airborne and waterborne legionella

infectivity have been reduced while the HEA 16 deals with access to drinking water

and providing a spot for undertakings where the evidence establishes mains-fed use

point water coolers are offered. The mains-fed use point water cooler is straight

plumbed in stream dispenser providing an ambient and chilled temperature of the

mains-fed use point water to the building's users. Therefore, BREEAM states that

these are fixed "to both the wall and the flow to prevent vandalism and contain

security covers to protect all water and electrical connections".

Aspinall, Sertyesilisik, Sourani, and Tunstall (2012) explain that the

evaluation approach stipulates best practice standards in sustainable designs and it

is a genuinely employed measure for describing a structures environmental

performance. However, its assessment, advice, and certification charge cost

£10,000, excluding design element costs. In addition, Schweber and Haroglu

(2014) state that BREEAM was created to certify and assess buildings as indicated

by the phrase environmental evaluation approach. Basing on the environmental

evaluation approach viewpoint, the principal purpose is communicating and

capturing an aspect regarding a buildings environmental quality to the masses as

well as the property marketplace. The approach consists of a sequence of levels

directing towards the numerical score assignment as well as certification.

Nonetheless, it was initially employed as a tool of design by policymakers and the

building research establishment.

According to Haroglu (2012), BREEAM was primarily considered to support

superior practice designs relative to environmental concerns. Although a wider shift

in the direction of the sustainable structure has emphasized social and economic

9
factors with affiliated growth within the evaluation criteria scope. The program

currently provides credits for small quantities of societal impacts, for example, a

comfortable and pleasant office building design suitable for work. Additionally,

Haroglu (2012) continues to state that BREEAM assesses environmental activity

through a wide range of classifications and it presently consists of nine

specifications such as energy, water, transport, land use, waste, management,

health as well as welfare, pollution and ecology. BREEAM provides credits basing on

these classifications that are further totalled and weighted on unclassified, pass,

good, very good, excellent and outstanding scale. Furthermore, BRE primarily

developed BREEAM for office structure; however, the environmental evaluation

approach is currently capable to evaluate the diversity of structure forms via a

collection of standardized editions, for instance, healthcare and schools.

2.1.1 Relevant technologies

According to Soni (2015), the utilization and adoption of green technologies

concern the employment of ecological technologies for restoration and remediation,

pollution control and prevention, assessment and monitoring. Hence, assessment

and monitoring technologies are employed in measuring and tracking the

environments condition plus the emission of anthropogenic and natural materials

that are detrimental in nature. In addition, prevention technologies circumvent the

generation of ecologically perilous substances as well as change human

undertakings in forms that reduce environmental damage. Prevention technologies

either encompass output substitution or revamp of the whole process of production

instead of utilizing novel equipment pieces. Furthermore, control technology causes

hazardous substances to becoming harmless prior to their entry into the outer

10
environment. The technology rids the hazardous substances of their strong and

harmful nature by decontaminating the damaging chemicals. Thus, the presence of

the control technology provides the environment with the capability to protect itself

against unwanted harm. Lastly, the restoration and remediation technologies

exemplify approaches to enhance the ecosystems conditions, besmirched by

naturally anthropogenic and induced effects. Furthermore, their impact is stated by

Sierra-Vegas and Teran (2012) who expound that it entirely implicit that pollution

results in an enormous impact on human health, hence pollution reduction presents

a constructive impact on health especially the well-being of vulnerable individuals.

2.2 Benefits Associated with Green Technology Application in the UK

Construction Industry

Hussin, Rahman, and Memon (2013) state that toxic substance emission is

reduced by green buildings all through its life phase while harmonizing with

traditions, local climate, neighbouring surroundings, and culture. The green

buildings possess the capacity of improving and maintaining human life quality

while sustaining the ecosystems capability at both global and local levels. There are

several benefits that arise from green structures, for instance, improved

employment of construction resources, enhanced workplace output and

considerable operational savings. The illustration below shows the benefits of green

buildings.

11
 Figure 1: Benefits of green buildings (Hussin, Rahman, and Memon, 2013).

According to Shaw and Allen (2016), green buildings are profitable

investments when their operating costs become lower when compared to

conventional structures. The reduced operating expenditure on green buildings than

conservative buildings results in an alteration in rent outlays with dependence on

the structure of the lease. The tenants leasing these structures directly profit from

operating cost savings. Additionally, the rental revenue becomes greater in

comparison to similar but lesser efficient structures due to the advantages obtained

from green buildings. These will result in minimized operating costs that are ideal

investment-wise as additional revenue is acquired from green buildings with lower

monthly expenditures. Furthermore, green buildings are costly compared to

conformist buildings in terms of construction; however, their cost benefits are

realized from the operating costs savings.

According to World Green Building Council (2016), economically, green

structures provide several financial advantages pertinent to a wide range of distinct

cohorts of individuals. The financial benefits include utility bill cost saving for

households through water and energy efficacy, and elevated value of the property

12
and lesser costs of construction for construction developers. Additionally, enhanced

occupancy costs for the structure proprietors and creation of jobs. From a global

perspective, efficiency measures in global energy can save approximately 280 to

410 billion euros in energy expenditure savings. At the national level, the green

building sector in Canada produced a gross domestic product of 23.45 billion dollars

that represents almost 300,000 full-time employments in 2014. The projected

green building created jobs by 2018 is to account for over 3.3 million dollars in the

USA. In contrast to the UK, green job creation has always been on the agenda of

the government policies, as highlighted by the labour leader that the government

pledges to decarbonize the UK and in so doing will introduce policies which will be in

line to reduce the net carbon emissions by nearly 60% by 2030 and create over

400,000 green jobs to the economy (UKGBC, 2018). Furthermore, on a social

perspective, the benefits of green buildings surpass the environment and economics

as well as the emergence of constructive social impacts on society. However, the

majority of these benefits revolve people’s welfare and health that operate and live

in green workplace and homes. The employees in adequately ventilated and green

offices account for over 100 per cent enhancement in brain function. In addition,

office employee with windows sleeps on average of forty-six minutes more every

night and improved interior air quality that consists of less pollutant and carbon-

dioxide concentrations, as well as elevated rates of ventilation, could result in

performance improvements of over eight per cent (Strøm-Tejsen, Zukowska,

Wargocki and Wyon, 2016).

Construction World (2018) states that in relation to minimized expenses,

installation and procurement outlays of green structures might become initially very

13
expensive. However, in during the long-term, profits become extra profitable for

the general business. The specific forms of technologies are intended for adequate

utilization of resources that ultimately result in minimized expenditures for its

owners. In addition, several organizations are acknowledging the requirement of

acquiring green building technologies as well as gradually adopt those

methodologies for their companies, for example, green structures that amalgamate

systems of solar energy utilize almost 70% lower electricity compared to conformist

systems. Furthermore, the author adds that environmental benefits are probably

considerably beneficial to buildings that use green solutions. The conventional

technologies, for instance, petroleum generators cause enormous harm to the

atmosphere hence leading to significances in adopting green building technologies.

The utilization of green building technology aids in minimizing a company’s carbon

footprint, conserves water, reduces waste as well as consumption of reduced

energy in relation to conventional technologies. The image below illustrates green

technology.

Figure 2: Green technology (Construction World, 2018).

14
 According to Darko, Chan, and Owusu (2018), green building technologies is

essential in attaining sustainable accommodation development as the employment

of green structure technologies in construction projects presents a cost-efficient

alternative for resolution makers, developers as well as policymakers while focusing

to achieve long-standing economic, environmental plus societal performance

improvements. In addition, numerous green building technologies, for instance,

elevated effective windows, ventilation, air conditioning system, solar technology

and high-efficiency heating have been initiated in housing developments. Though it

is simpler to openly choose from an assortment of available green technologies

within the universal community, knowledge and identification of green building

technologies appropriate for a specific nation’s environment are essential for the

effectiveness and success of achieving and executing sustainable housing projects.

Chan, Darko, and Ameyaw (2017) exhibit that elevated energy efficient

windows, as well as green hedge technology application in housing projects, could

aid to save 14 to 20% plus 33 to 60% of operational power respectively.

Additionally, by retrofitting available stock of housing possessing lofty power

efficient hedge materials and technologies, there exist improved prospects for the

housing sector to accumulate 24.8% energy. Furthermore, housing development

companies are inclined to implement green building technology, for instance,

thermal performance optimization and solar technology of the structure envelope

since it adds to constructing their viable advantages. These advantages help in

gaining improved public reputation and image as well as acquiring extra market

opportunities. Nonetheless, despite the presence of several associated benefits of

15
green building technologies, their execution encounters some difficulties and

hurdles.

Vanegas, DuBose, and Pearce (2014) explain that several prospects are

present to enhance human activity sustainability by creating brand new

technologies. The energy and matter consumption could be minimized through new

technology development that is not reliant on conventional material kinds and

energy in meeting human needs. The photovoltaic (PV) panels that produce energy

from solar emission are examples of novel technologies; hence the PV panels utilize

the significant unlimited solar energy resources rather than utilizing limited coal

reserves in making electricity as employed by the human race. The use of waste

concrete and masonry from razed buildings as an aggregate within the novel

concrete relates to taking artificially produced waste that would have been thrown

in the innate surrounding and utilizing it as a contribution back to the building

process. Furthermore, the authors add that in modifying chronological technologies,

they have been employed during the course of man's past in meeting people's

needs (Vanegas, DuBose, and Pearce, 2014). There are several technologies that

have been abandoned since novel technologies were created to substitute the old

technology. However, though the majority of these technologies might seem

obsolete, some might demonstrate being useful or recommend ideas for brand new

technologies. The techniques of traditional building, for instance, shoved terrain

have acquired fresh functions within systems built from ravaged vehicle tires and

packed with compressed earth. The combination of past building knowledge

techniques with regards to the subtle predicament of ravage tire removal, building

16
constructors have created a lesser cost structure that aids in dealing with dissipate

disposal when producing a long-standing and useful structure.

According to Musa, Mohammad, Yusof, and Mahbub (2014), based on the

environmental context, green construction aids in protecting the bionetwork and

improving urban biodiversity through sustainable site management and land use.

The reduction in waste demolition and construction is a core constituent of the

sustainable construction plan. In order to moderate the apparent environmental

effects of building and demolition waste, the rate of recycling should be over 90%

signifying reused and recycled novel building materials. The modular construction

methods and prefabricated components employed in green construction allow the

methods and components to be reutilized without production of waste in the

process of reuse. In comparison to traditional constructions, green structures

present greater performance as a result of water efficiency, carbon emanation

reduction and energy efficiency. In addition, the productivity level and health

situation improve when tenants shift to green buildings. Green buildings result in

economic benefits through non-absenteeism and productivity. These are attained

there is a 35% productivity enhancement and reduced absenteeism as traditional

building occupants shift to a green structure. Therefore, green structures result in

elevated levels of productivity among the employee class as well as a reduction in

worker absenteeism from their workplace. Furthermore, Were, Diang'a, and Mutai

(2015) expound that green structures utilize minimal natural resources, water and

energy in relation to traditional buildings. The green constructions generate limited

waste and present a healthy living environment as they integrate elements, for

instance, efficient water utilization, eco-friendly, and energy efficient environment.

17
These buildings use recycled materials and renewable energy while embracing

valuable landscape use as well as have enhanced interior comfort and health

quality.

2.3 Approaches Promoting Green Building Technology Adoption in the UK

Construction Industry

Patterson (2012) opines that Arbed 1 programme was initiated to capture

“Whole house” strategy by installing power efficient renewable and appraisals all

over Wales. The programme set up originates from the Welsh government Strategic

Energy Performance Investment Plan. The government investment funding in the

Arbed 1 plan amounted to 60 million pounds acquired from diverse government

sources. The program included properties possessed by local authorities,

catalogued social landlords and owner-occupied homesteads. Furthermore, the

premeditated Arbed 1 agenda objectives include reduction of carbon discharge,

minimizing carbon deficiency, supporting training and recruitment within the

industry and promoting supply chain renewable energy and energy efficiency. The

targeted properties in Wales were the strategic regeneration locations discovered to

possess low household revenues. The illustration below shows several energy

consumption patterns in the last 40 years.

18
Figure 3: Energy consumption pattern in the previous 40 years in Wales (Patterson

2012).

Shi, Zuo, Huang, Huang, and Pullen (2013) opine that technologically, the

use of technological innovation renewable energy is paramount in attaining green

construction accreditation and objectives. The utilization occurs as a result of

exhaustion of traditional energy and fossil resources plus its connection to matters

of the environment. Hence, the use of renewable energy and renewable power

expansion in different industries has precedence of several governments.

Furthermore, there exist some credit numbers for execution of renewable energy in

the rating tools of green buildings. The renewable energy use in construction aids in

reducing emission and energy consumption. Thus, buildings incorporated with

renewable energy have become a significant constituent for green development and

building design (Hashim and Ho, 2011).

According to Littlewood, Karani, Atkinson, Bolton, Geens, and Jahic (2017),

the Knowledge Economy Skills Scholarship 2 (KESS 2) is a project carried out by

the Metropolitan University of Cardiff to expand on the success of KESS 1 that

assessed the building superiority of retrofitted external wall insulation on homes

19
whose inhabitants had encountered fuel deficiency from 2010-2014. In addition,

Littlewood, Karani, Atkinson, Bolton, Geens, and Jahic (2017) state that Wales

witnessed two premeditated power performance support programs titled Arbed

from 2010-11 and 2012-14 of Arbed 1 and Arbed 2 respectively that targeted

available homes for upgrades on retrofit power efficiency. There was the need for

resolving issues in available homes due to the main fuel deficiency and carbon

discharge in homes within the UK. The nations of Wales had inefficient and the

worst from the perspective of the energy of all homes in Europe leading to

considerable fuel scarcity as well as prospective effects on occupant welfare and

health. Therefore, the initiation of retrofitted measures aided in resolving these

challenges, for instance, renewable power systems, heating controls, external wall

insulation and new boiler controls. In addition, the housing associations controlled

Arbed that comprised of landlords of largely rented and affordable social homes and

developers whilst the Being Greener Business Unit managed Arbed 2 in West and

South Wales as well as by the United Kingdom public building facilities and

contractor manager.

Life cycle evaluation (LCA) strategy is employed in analysing the green

building technical aspects. The LCA regards a structure as a method whilst

enumerating energy consumption and material stream flow through different levels

of the existence cycle. The merit of LCA is going past the conventional study of

aiming at one level through expanding the examination of different stages, for

instance, material transportation, material manufacture, water consumption and

greenhouse gas discharge in the operation level. In addition, while referencing ISO

14044 and ISO 14040, the LCA comprises of four stages that includes inventory

20
analysis, result interpretation, scope and goal description and impact evaluation

(Dixit, Fernandez-Solis, Lavy, and Culp, 2012). Additionally, the LCA is capable of

application to individual constituents or a complete building to assess their

environmental impacts hence improving the building’s design (Bribian, Capilla, and

Uson, 2011). Furthermore, life cycle evaluation on the lighting retrofitting indicated

lighting reporting 42% of the aggregate buildings electricity consumption. The

retrofitted light aids in reducing energy use by 17 to 40% signifying an investment

return in 1-2.5 years in relation to inflation and tariff subsequent to utilizing

retrofitted lighting (Mahlia, Razak, and Nursahida, 2011).

According to Chan, Darko, and Ameyaw (2017), incentives and co-funding by

government, regulation and policies for green expansion as well as collaboration

with firms and research organizations in studying the advantages of green industry

parks recognized as very viable resolutions for surmounting considerable hurdles

regarding green industry park adoption hence supporting adoption of green

business open space. Additionally, other approaches include expanding government

incentive coverage to entail the use of green technologies and products, expanding

the project management green building structure, and enlightening proprietors on

potential green construction benefits. Furthermore, preparing building tours to

enlighten the masses regarding green construction benefits, government subsidies

for development and research in green construction methods as well as identified

management plans to support green construction adoption. In addition, Chau, Tse,

and Chung (2010) explain that the behavioural and cultural elements are critical for

the development of green construction. The achievement of these aspects makes it

crucial to create awareness in all involved stakeholders within the construction

21
sector regarding theories of sustainable development and green construction. In a

study undertaken to assess Hong Kong resident attitude towards green features of

housing property indicated resident preference in additional spending on measures

of energy efficiency compared to the different green construction aspects, for

instance, interior air quality, noise control and water efficiency. These behaviours

and attitudes of end users is a central responsibility in supporting green buildings.

Consequently, green building education can become an efficient plan to augment

resident knowledge regarding sustainability matters as well as the willingness to

recompense for the green construction aspects.

2.4 Challenges Encountered in Adopting Green Building Technology within

the Construction Industry

According to the Scottish Government (2018), besides physical shocks

emerging from climatic change, the construction industry encounters viable barriers

whereby investments require an update of present assets thus resulting in the

significance of constructing novel infrastructure, developing and purchase of novel

technologies. There are challenges posed in dealing with enhanced quantities of

sporadic production to manufacturers as energy system workers create smart grids

that alter demand in matching generation that is contrary today. Additionally,

Scotland's power concentrated industries might face challenges while adapting to

the low carbon market since there is a continued rise in energy expenditure in

reaction to signals from the global market. Therefore, there is a need for reduced

costs on energy since availability and costs of power are a major element in

attaining competitiveness within the construction and manufacturing sector.

22
 According to Were, Diang'a, and Mutai (2015), several metropolitan locations

in Africa specifically cities, building construction and majorly residential construction

have been undertaken to inhabit the whole site. The innate green structure has

been damaged by the occurrence of compaction to levels that thwart air movement

although the construction is concluded. However, the available innate surrounding

has been damaged as a result of inappropriate activities undertaken in these

locations. Furthermore, the need for monetary resources hinders the change to

green sustainable constructions as well as institutional structures to facilitate its

access. In addition, the initial green investment cost is elevated, and payback

timeframe is usually shorter due to attained savings from the construction.

Nonetheless, there exist savings in the energy use from green buildings, such as

lower productivity and health features plus indoor environments. Furthermore,

Samer (2013) opines that construction planners are usually constricted in their

capabilities to minimize the buildings environmental impact as a result of the need

for environmental performance information of construction components and

discrepancies in ways that information is attained by designers. Though there are

tools that help in facilitating the process of low energy building planning, they

characteristically need bigger investments of money and time usually over those

present in a given project.

Mosly (2015) expounds that figures of novel constructions are dramatically

augmenting in developing countries. However, energy costs are low, but the usage

of renewable energy and effective technologies is not promoted. Individuals begin

performing fundamental arithmetic’s and realize that costs of green construction

systems are elevated and need prolonged payback timeframes. Therefore, they

23
prioritize the use of conventional functions. The elevated green construction costs

and technologies are hurdles to its adoption. The green material prices are high as

green construction practitioner’s approximate green materials to cost 3 to 4%

higher in comparison to traditional material expenditure that is similar to

technologies of green building (Mosly, 2015). Thus, the implementation of improved

equipment and technology saves the building's energy though costs are regarded

as principal difficulties in adopting green building technology. The costs also arise

from developer’s import of novel technology from different countries hence the

augmented rise in cost. Furthermore, the author adds that freshly initiated

concepts, such as green buildings as well as their structures normally undergo

through issues of technicalities. The technical challenges include, need of reliability,

information and professional personnel. These technical predicaments hinder

adoption of green construction. In addition, the availability of specialized personnel

is essential in attaining accurate design, maintenance and operation of green

constructions since these structures possess alternative technologies and systems

as well as the requirement of professional supervisor in the field. The distinguished

information resources, such as technical manuals and data on maintenance and

operation for green systems and technologies are paramount for their

implementation. Similarly, the reliability of products is significant for marketplace

endurance and green systems and technologies should become established to be

consistent (Mosly, 2015). However, the need for reliability will become another

barrier against green building adoption.

According to Hassan and Zhang (2016), construction management of green

building implementation is openly predisposed by the degree of senior management

24
support. In scenarios where the top administration is non-committal to

environmental matters, company employees at lower levels become incapable to

manipulate circumstances because of their restrictive authority within the

organization. Hence, the longevity of green knowledge and materials regarding

green technologies are measured as major hindrances in resisting the execution of

green construction disclaimers and strategies. Furthermore, during the initial

construction project phases, designers, contractors and suppliers should interact

since they possess information on building projects in relation to building materials,

plants and environmental issues. In addition, green building adoption encounters

green material supply chain challenges that originate from the elevated material

cost of green structures, conflict of interest from stakeholders resulting in

inadequate confidence uncertainties and relationships (Abraham and Gundimeda,

2018).

Shaw and Allen (2016) exhibit that there is a need for a professional labour

force in case a green economy is to be achieved globally. There is a need for

training and education authorities in the field of green building skill development.

The green economy is essential in relieving the present unemployment level as well

as reducing the elevated carbon effect in the economy. Though green construction

projects are more expensive than traditional projects, the extra capital expenditure

of the green building is as low as 1 per cent. Therefore, the required expertise to

correct and create plans in order for the structure to exploit its efficacy, as well as

the cost of modelling, becomes the principal rationale for the cost augmentation.

The enhancement in extra expenditure is usually the foundation in which customers

make their choices to shift to green building.

25
 Abraham and Gundimeda (2018) explain that challenges in green building

implementation include, restricted monetary capital, standards and codes,

regulatory policies, unclear market signals, stakeholder’s attitude on energy

efficiency, supposed threat of power competence investments, misplaced incentives

and information gaps. In addition, market imperfections, lack of decision making

procedure for under speculation within the power service marketplace and unclear

price signs, the vicious stakeholder incentives, building sector fragmentation, need

for coordination as well as outdated thumb rules as major hurdles resisting energy

efficiency investment. Furthermore, other barriers include the need for financial

access, misplaced incentives, errors in market systems, imposed mispricing through

regulation, need for information, decision making manipulated by custom,

misinformation, and indivisible gadget features that are uncompromising while

shifting to attain energy efficiency.

Furthermore, according to Chan, Darko, Olanipekun, and Ameyaw (2018),

there exist several challenges affecting sustainable construction in England, such

as, need for awareness and information, inadequate expertise, need for customer

demand, cost and non-presence of sustainable products and materials. In addition,

insufficient construction regulations, limited expertise and knowledge are the

encountered challenges in sustainable building. In Australia, these barriers include

the need for information and cost hinder green building. Additionally, identified

hindrances to the green building include unfamiliarity with green building

technology, prolonged implementation time of green building technology, involved

uncertainty and risk, extended approval and planning processes for novel green

construction technology in a company.

26
 According to Samari, Godrati, Esmaeilifar, Olfat, and Shafiei (2013),

government inducement is significant to contractors involved in green construction

adoption. The incentive presents low risks as well as monetary support towards

contractors. These incentives when provided by the government to contractors

facilitate their investments offsetting any prospective risk that might arise from the

venture. Nonetheless, high green building upfront costs are unable to cover and

support by government inducement. Therefore, incentives given by the government

are unable to encourage and attract contractors to implement green building.

Additionally, Gundogan (2012) asserts that the building team requires resources

and time in performing research regarding appropriate green material. Whilst the

non-expert team members in green building are unable to provide clear and precise

green building suggestions. However, in the process of adoption of green building,

there is a need for expertise in providing specialist advice to the construction

project team concerned with tender and contract issues, technology application,

green regulations as well as utilization of green materials that cause setbacks

during construction. The danger of utilizing novel green materials and technologies

causes contractors to become unwilling to participate in green building.

Qian, Chan, and Khalid (2015) explain that in comparison to traditional

constructions, green building plans are usually professed as possessing greater

initial construction and design costs. The absence of an appropriately informed

image of costs and benefits, as well as the analogous elevated transaction costs

and initial costs alongside the affiliated additional threats, discourage prospective

stakeholders from joining green building. Furthermore, the majority of the

predicaments arise from hidden costs in relation to involved total costs that are

27
particularly hidden outlays as unintended outcomes, such as, unforeseen results

and by-products. In relation to traditional constructions, green building market

barriers are greater as a result of uncertainties, for instance, new information,

monetary risk, enhanced capital costs, and the danger of impediment with

government support.

2.5 Summary

The literature review section summarizes the general discussion on the

benefits of adopting green building, the approaches employed while adopting green

building technology and the challenges encountered in the adoption of green

building technology. There are several researchers that have supported their

studies in examining the concept of the green building within and outside the

United Kingdom. However, the literature presented in the current section highlights

what is entailed in relation to green building as well as what is to be expected in

future regarding either its absolute implementation through going green by

adopting the green technology or ignoring its execution through the continued use

of traditional construction.

28
 Chapter 3: Methodology

3. Research Methodology

3.1 Introduction

This chapter presents the research design, and undertaken methodology. The

design is created in illustrating the general approach to attaining the objectives and

aims of the dissertation. There are various research strategies discussed below in

achieving research aims and objectives;

3.2 Research Design

The design employs the questionnaire in its study. The questionnaire was

selected due to the fact that it provides ample and relevant information regarding

the study variable due to the limited need to compile adequate data to complete

the dissertation. The design was selected as it would aid in uncovering pertinent

and accurate data basing on the study objectives and questions presented to the

respondents in the field during the questionnaire filling after their receipt. The

questionnaire is utilized as it helps in accessing additional comprehensive data

regarding attitudes and experiences of study respondents that facilitate analysis of

research aspects. The questionnaire acquires pertinent and specific knowledge

about data provided by participants and enables performance of appropriate

categorization of obtained respondent data. The study examines the research

objectives and questions to adequately emphasize reactions relative to the study

objectives and questions. The study additionally designs while considering the

29
recorded responses of project managers, project directors and senior project

engineers in the questionnaire further facilitates the research progress.

3.3. Sampling

The population study was expected to consist of several participants,

however, the involved sample size accounts for 65 participants that engaged in the

study chosen from various construction companies across the United Kingdom

boosting an expanse of experience from their respective fields in the construction

industry. The research employs a random sampling approach for the study

sampling process. The random sampling approach is utilized as it centres on

building field project managers in the UK since they possess adequate experience

and knowledge about green building technology. Additionally, random sampling

provides every engaged research participant in the populace that possesses an

equitable chance as well as the probability of becoming selected. In addition, the

related population in the present study concerns the inclusion of managerial

employee’s operating in the arena construction (Taherdoost, 2016).

3.4 Interpretivism Research Philosophy

The study implements the Interpretivism research value in guiding the

research. The philosophical approach employed permits additional comprehension

of data by the researcher through access to genuine data recognizable with

respondent insight (Creswell et al., 2017). The philosophy enables instruction of the

researcher in providing attention relating the usage of research elements in

acquiring relevant data. Additionally, since Interpretivism meets the criterion of the

study, it is regarded as a genuine strategy in making authentic rationales about the

research objectives. In the present study, it investigates the study topic application

30
of green technology in the construction industry. The study also comprises of data

regarding participant responses employed in the construction industry as well as

have knowledge relative to green building technological functions within the

construction industry (Gargari et al., 2016).

3.5 Research Method

The research uses both quantitative and qualitative study strategies that are

implemented in compiling data in the course of study. The quantitative strategy is

employed as it provides probable usage in an anthology of analysis of numerical

data plus aiding in reacting to study questions as well as achieving the objectives of

the study. In addition, the data section is probably for statistical assortment hence

the employment of qualitative systems was executed within the research in

enabling the compilation of reliable and adequate data from the study field. The

qualitative study strategy facilitates the collection of data founded on additional

data rather than particular details, enables identification of information from

questionnaire responses acquired in an informative manner and facilitates

examination of participant details accessed from the questionnaire. Additionally, the

qualitative approach allows respondent identification in diverse ways as well as

languages. However, the questionnaires central focus is analysing comprehensive

data from study respondents in understanding their concept perception about the

research variable under study. The principal research concerns data acquired from

the respondent’s involvement in the research study.

3.6 Methods of Data Collection

The employment of questionnaire facilitates identification of major

importance’s regarding green technology application within the UK construction

31
industry. The project managers were resources of data concerning their use and

knowledge about green building technology while undertaking operations of

construction. On the other hand, the questionnaire became separated into triple

sections basing on the research questions and objectives as well as the main

function of subdividing the questionnaire being able to examine all elements

concerning the adoption, benefits and challenges in the application of green

technologies in the UK construction industry. The participating respondents were

green building construction employees and those from non-green building

construction companies. These individual respondents were recruited through

LinkedIn, Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. Additionally, high-level construction

industry employees were respondents targeted for the study thus aiding in

acquiring genuine and relevant information on the study variable in several UK

construction organizations. Furthermore, the acquisition of data from the study

respondents allows appropriate analysis of application plus green building

technology impact on the construction sector in the UK.

3.7 Data Analysis

The triple division of the questionnaire provides appropriate configuration of

a specific theme for all study sessions that require interpretation and analysis from

the researcher. The qualitative approach employs themes in proving probable

aspects of the study. The thematic strategy is employed to permit emphasizing the

questionnaire under the three-theme approach. The initial session relates to green

building technology adoption within the United Kingdom and enables categorization

of essential elements regarding the benefits that might lead to efficient green

technology application. Secondly, green technology benefits theme provides the

32
merits and advantages introduced by green building technology within the UK

construction industry. Thirdly, the final theme examines the challenges encountered

in adopting green building technology by UK construction companies. These themes

provide the researcher with ample collected data responses from the participant’s

viewpoint concerning their attitudes and experiences regarding the barriers faced

by the construction industry while adapting to green building. Therefore, data

examination process centres on analysing every questionnaire aspects that might

lead to an adequate understanding of the research questions and objectives.

Furthermore, in relation to the quantitative research approach, the study employed

the use of tables, graphs and pie charts representing acquired data from the study

field. These statistical representations aid in depicting results achieved from the

respondent's responses.

3.8 Study Limitations

The research limitation allowed possible identification concerning where the

study area is to be chosen, every probable restriction analyses barriers created

while conducting the study questionnaire in the field and presents constraints

relating to the study context hence permitting examination on the application of

green technologies in the UK. In addition, the research focuses on providing

constraints to its study questions, objectives and aims that significantly relates

green building technology application within the United Kingdom construction

sector.

Nonetheless, the second limitation element illustrates considerations of green

building technology in the United Kingdom. The constraints to the study include

analysis of benefits about the adoption of green construction technology as well the

33
barriers encountered while adopting the green building technology. Additionally, the

study audience is focused specifically on individuals from various construction

companies affiliated to the UK construction industry aged over 18 years involved in

the construction sector with the majority as project managers.

3.9 Validity and Reliability

Reliability refers to the level of a considerations interior constancy where a

study attains treatment for reliability when there is the presence of certain

responses that consistently measure particular items. Hence, the production of

similar results on continuous study tests. While validity illustrates whether

outcomes generated by the study can be employed by different research

investigators in relation to their area of research. Additionally, according to Herbst

and Coldwell (2004), there are presently two validity types, and these are external

and internal validity. External validity refers to the degree to which study outcomes

are generalized in relation to different studies of a similar circumstance while

internal validity concerns how pertinent the study results could be undertaken

without other distinct variables causing similar outcomes.

3.10. Ethical Considerations

The research study prioritized ethical considerations with the study objectives

and aims designed on grounds of effective study significance and ethics that would

offer constructive information to readers. On the other hand, the study employed

questionnaires in compiling its data from respondents and conducted with

appropriate consent and approval from all respondents prior to the study. The

private respondent information was kept confidentially and privately while

34
respecting participant privacy and the project focuses on undertaking its research

with ethical considerations with green technologies.

In presenting ethical measurements to the study respondents, the researcher

highlights the need for awareness in green building technology, damaged resulting

from poor or failure to adopt green building technologies as well as the challenges,

benefits and reasons for green building adoption within the UK construction

industry. However, while undertaking the research, the respondent employees of

the UK construction sector with their individual consents concerning their

involvement in the study signified confidentiality in the information acquired and

specifically employed for academic research purposes.

3.11. Summary

This chapter outlines the research methodology which includes the data

collection approach, research design, data analysis and the study limitations. This

also outlines the validity, reliability and ethical considerations with the research

objectives and aims. The outcomes of the study were achieved from the random

sampling strategy through the usage of questionnaires distributed via the web-

based survey analyzed and expounded in chapter four.

35
 Chapter 4: Findings and Interpretation

4. Findings, Results and Interpretation

4.1 Introduction

The present section gives enlightenment and discussion regarding the study

findings and outcomes. The analysis was undertaken basing compiled data through

the questionnaire disseminated using web-based survey platform as well as the

literature review. The major objective of information analysis is on green

technology application in the UK construction industry, the study participant biodata

plus the benefits, approaches, and challenges of green technology adoption in the

UK construction industry are presented and discussed founded on outcomes from

the study questionnaire.

4.2 In your opinion what would be the significance of using green

technologies within your projects?

From the aggregate respondent’s in the study, all participated in responding

to the question that accounts for 65(100%). The respondents in their view sited

reduction of energy consumption for end users the major significance for employing

green technologies in their projects with a majority of 35(54%). The research

respondents that agreed with the statement in relation to ecological concerns,

realizing sustainable development of green buildings and those that stated others

accounted for 16(25%), 11(17%) and 3(4%) respectively. The higher agreement

with reduction of energy consumption for end users implied green technologies

require adoption to minimize end-user power usage. The agreement was in

36
alignment with Vanegas, DuBose, and Pearce (2014) that explained that several

prospects are present to enhance human activity sustainability by creating brand

new technologies. The energy and matter consumption could be minimized through

new technology development that is not reliant on conventional material kinds and

energy in meeting human needs.

Figure 4: Reducing energy consumption for end users

4.3 What is the impact of green technologies on the productivity of

construction firms?

The results from participant responses indicated that all respondents were

involved in responding to the question that accounted for 65(100%) of the selected

study populace. The majority of respondents that accepted green technologies

improve competitiveness in the industry were 35(54%). The respondents that

agreed with financial boost accounted for 13(20%), health and safety concerns for

end users accounted for 11(17%) while others indicated 6(9%) agreement to the

37
statement on the impact of green technologies on construction firm productivity.

The findings indicated that most of the respondents agreed that green technologies

improve competitiveness in the industry while the least stated none of the above

influenced productivity of construction firms. The majority agreement was in

correlation with the Scottish Government (2018), that opined that Scotland's power

concentrated industries might face challenges while adapting to the low carbon

market since there is continued rise in energy expenditure in reaction to signals

from the global market. Therefore, there is a need for reduced costs on energy

since availability and costs of power are a major element in attaining

competitiveness within the construction and manufacturing sector.

Figure 5 : Green technologies impact the productivity of construction firms

4.4 Which green technologies have you employed in your projects?

From the findings, all respondents were involved in response to the question

that indicated 65(100%) participated in the study. The study participants that

38
agreed with PV solar panels accounted for 23(35%), Solar water heater 11(17%),

Wind generator 12(18%), Rainwater harvesting system 17(26%), and Energy star

HVAC installation 5(8%). Additionally, the majority that agreed that their projects

employ Double glazing installation were 40(61%), while those that used Energy

monitors, Green roof and others accounted for 21(32 %), 8(12%) and 5(8%)

respectively. The findings indicated that most of the respondents agreed that

projects involve the use of double glazing installation and PV solar panels probably

due to the efficiency of these green technologies as well as affordability. The

photovoltaic (PV) panels that produce energy from solar emission are examples of

novel technologies; hence the PV panels utilize the significant unlimited solar

energy resources rather than utilizing limited coal reserves in making electricity as

employed by the human race.

Figure 6: Green technologies employed in most construction projects

39
4.5 What are the barriers and challenges that hinder the acceptance and

implementation of green technologies in the UK construction industry?

The results from the field indicate that all study participants were involved in

responding to the questions that accounted for 65(100%) of the selected

respondents. The findings showed that initial costs and technical factors were

barriers and challenges hindering implementation and approval of green

technologies in the UK construction sector that accounted for 38(58%). The

respondents that stated buildings heritage were 7(11%), the absence of sufficient

government incentives, information asymmetric, institutional bureaucracies and

other were 9(14%), 5(8), 5(8) and 1(1%) respectively. The outcome indicated that

the majority of the responses stated initial costs and technical factors that the

major aspect that hinders implementation and approval of green technologies in the

UK building sector. These findings were in alignment with Qian, Chan, and Khalid

(2015) who assert that in comparison to traditional constructions, green building

plans are usually professed as possessing greater initial construction and design

costs. The absence of an appropriately informed image of costs and benefits, as

well as the analogous elevated transaction costs and initial costs alongside affiliated

additional investment threats, discourage prospective stakeholders from joining

green building.

40
Figure 7: Barriers and challenges that hinder the acceptance and implementation of

green technologies

4.6 Have you incorporated green technologies into your recent

construction or renovation project?

All respondents participated in the study signifying 65(100%) of those

selected were completely involved in the study. The respondents that stated Yes,

but excessively were 10(15%), Yes but minimal were 27(42%), No, not planning to

do so accounted for 16(25%), No plans at all were 11(17%) while others that

specified accounted for 1(1%). The findings indicated that most respondents stated

yes, but minimal on the incorporation of green technologies in their recent building

and renovation projects. The results were in agreement with Littlewood, Karani,

Atkinson, Bolton, Geens, and Jahic (2017) who stated that Wales witnessed two

premeditated power performance support programs titled Arbed from 2010-11 and

41
2012-14 of Arbed 1 and Arbed 2 respectively targeting available homes for

upgrades on retrofit power efficiency. There was a need for resolving issues in

available homes due to the main fuel deficiency and carbon discharge in homes

within the UK. Therefore, the initiation of retrofitted measures aided in resolving

these challenges, for instance, renewable power systems, heating controls, external

wall insulation and new boiler controls.

Figure 8: Incorporating green technologies into a recent construction or renovation

project

4.7 How do you believe the environment will be impacted with the

application of the green technologies in the construction field?

Results from the respondents indicated that only 56 participants responded

to the question signifying 9 did not answer the question. However, the respondents

that stated less pollution accounted for 11(16.92%), saves energy 4(6.2%), costly

42
4(6.2%), creation of efficiency 1(1.54%), reduces carbon dioxide 2(3.1%),

greenhouse gas reduction 1(1.54%), sustainability, 2(3.1%), good 16(24.62%) and

not sure 15(23.08%). The findings indicated that majority of the study participants

stated good on how the environment will impact with green technology application

within the construction sector. Therefore, application of green technology has not

negative effect on the natural environment. The bar graph shows how the

respondents responded to the question.

Figure 9: Respondents opinions on the Impact of environment

Percentage Frequency

Not sure
Good
Sustainability
Greenhouse gas reduction
Reduces Carbondioxide
Creation of efficiency
Costly
Saves energy
Less pollution
0 5 10 15 20 25

4.8 In your opinion, how can the construction industry approach the

preservation of the environment by the use of green technology?

The findings from the field show that only 55 respondents answered the

question with 10 ignoring to provide a response to the query. Nonetheless, the

study participants were asked and responded as save energy, lower price, build

greenhouse technology, build standard, site analysis for energy use, good and not

sure. The numerical responses were 3(4.62%), 1(1.54%), 15(23.08%), 4(6.2%),

1(1.54%), 7(10.77%) and 24(36.92%) respectively. Therefore, majority of the

43
study respondents stated that they were not sure about how the construction sector

could approach environmental preservation by employing green technology in its

activities. Those that were not sure were followed by participants construction of

greenhouse technology would aid in preserving the environment through green

technology.

Figure 10: Respondents opinions on the Approach of environmental preservation

Frequency Percentage

40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Save energy Lower price Build Build Site analysis Good Not sure
greenhouse standard for energy
technology use

4.9. The government is a critical player in the adoption and use of green

technologies. Do you believe that the UK government has done enough to

ensure the adoption of the GBTs? Kindly provide details

The results from the research field indicated that only 56 respondents

responded to the question and 9 did not answer the question. The respondents

answered with responses of making it mandatory, not enough, good and not sure.

The numerical responses were 1(1.54%), 33(50.77%), 9(13.85%) and 12(18.5%)

correspondingly. The majority of respondents stated that the government has not

achieved enough in ascertaining the implementation of GBTs. These responses

imply the UK government needs to entirely participate in generating awareness to

44
facilitate the adoption of green technology by the UK construction sector. The bar

graph below indicates responses

Figure 11: Whether the government has done enough

Percentage Frequency

Not sure

Good

Not enough

Make it mandatory

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

4.10 Kindly provide the strategies that you deem appropriate for

promoting the adoption of green building technologies in the UK

construction industry?

The results from study indicated that only 55 respondents answered the

question and 10 did not respond, however, the responses were more advertising,

built environment, building green level measurement, reduction in taxes, more

regulation specification, awareness and boldness, detailed building analysis,

innovation technological design, embracing construction, using team projects,

reducing product costs, increasing financing, sustainability, recycling, good and not

sure. The numerical participant responses were 1(1.54%), 2(3.1%), 1(1.54%),

2(3.1%), 4(6.2%), 1(1.54%), 2(3.1%), 4(6.2%), 2(3.1%), 1(1.54%), 1(1.54%),

2(3.1%), 2(3.1%), 1(1.54%), 4(6.2%) and 25(38.5%) respectively. Majority of

respondents stated that they were not sure of the appropriate strategies that would

45
promote implementation of green construction technologies within the UK building

sector.

Figure 12: What is deemed appropriate for the adoption of green technology

Percentage Frequency

Good

Sustainability

Reducing product costs

Embracing green construction

Detailed building analysis

More regulation specification

Building green level measurement

More advertising
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

4.11 Kindly provide any other information that you deem important but not

captured by the questions in the survey?

Findings from the study showed that 48 respondents answered and 17 did

not answer the question. Regarding information respondents deem essential that

could be captured by the survey, the participants stated price of building cost

accounted for 1(1.54%), introduction of laws 1(1.54%), strategized application

monitoring 1(1.54%), creating natural incentives 1(1.54%), adoption of more

green technologies 1(1.54%), wind farms 1(1.54%), good 3(4.62), and not sure

39(60%). The study outcome therefore showed that majority of the participants

stated that they were not sure of any other additional information that could be

added for the survey.

46
Figure 13: What respondents think would be added to the survey questions

Percentage Frequency

Not sure

Good

Wind farms

Adoption of more green technologies

Creating a natural incentive

Strategized application monitoring

Introduction of laws

Price of building cost

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Respondent’s bio-data

4.12 Findings on Age

Findings indicated that from the aggregate 65(100%) respondents, only 51

responded to the age question. The study showed that none of the respondents was

below 18 years and those between 18-29 years accounted for 6(12%), and

respondents between 30-44 years were 17(33%). The study participants aged

between 45-60 years and above 60 years accounted for 22(43%) and 6(12%)

correspondingly. The findings indicated that most of the chosen respondents were

between 45-60 years. The majority of respondents signify the level of experience

possessed by these study participants and implies that these construction

companies do not mostly employ young engineers and project managers due to

need for experience within the sector.

47
 Figure 14: The respondent’s age

4.13 Gender of Respondents

The findings showed that from the entire populace of 65(100%) of selected

respondents, only 51 participants responded to the question on gender.

Nonetheless, results from the study indicated that males and females accounted for

35(68%) and 16(31%) correspondingly. The outcome showed that the study had

more male compared to female respondents chosen for the study that also signifies

the will by more men to provide their opinion on the issue of green technology

within the UK building industry. The results might indicate men are at liberty to

discuss the application of green building technologies than female study

participants shown by their response number.

48
Table 1: Respondents’ gender

4.14 The Respondents’ Origin

From the study, results showed that respondents originated from different

parts of the UK in their participation in the study. The number of respondents that

indicated their locations of origin accounted for 65(100%) of the selected study

participants. The regions of origin consist of North East Yorkshire and the Humber

main regions, North West-main regions, Midlands-main regions, East of England-

main regions, London-main regions, South East-main regions, South West-main

regions, Wales-main regions and Scotland-main regions. The responses were

8(12%), 4(6%), 6(9%), 5(8%), 15(23%), 5(8%), 4(6%), 7(11%) and 11(17%)

correspondingly.

These outcomes indicated that the majority of respondents originated from

the London and Scotland main regions. The finding probably signifies that these

respondents were more willing to provide information on the implementation of

green building technology due to the probable benefits the technology would bring

to both the health of its users and the environment. The table below shows the

representation of the regions with their respective response number.

49
 Table 2: Showing origin of respondents

REGIONS PERCENTAGE NUMBER OF

RESPONDENTS
NORTHEAST YORKSHIRE & THE HUMBER – Main regions 12 % 8

NORTHWEST – Main regions 6% 4

MIDLANDS – Main regions 9% 6
EAST OF ENGLAND – Main regions 8% 5
LONDON – Main regions 23 % 15
SOUTHEAST – Main regions 8% 5
SOUTHWEST – Main regions 6% 4
WALES – Main regions 11 % 7
SCOTLAND – Main regions 17 % 11
TOTAL 65

Source: Primary data

The pie chart below shows a representation of the study respondent's origin.

Figure 15: Origin of respondents

Source: Primary data

50
4.15 Summary

The current chapter includes themes from the survey questionnaire, results

and interpretation of the data collected during the course of the research. The

researcher has employed the Web-based survey approach to facilitate the collection

of data, including the questions were in your opinion, what would be the

significance of using green technologies within your projects, what are the impacts

of green technologies on productivity of construction firms, the green technologies

that are employed in their projects, the challenges and barriers that hinder

implementation and acceptance of green technologies within the UK building

industry, how they believe the environment will be impacted with the application of

the green technologies in the construction field, in the respondents view, how can

the construction industry approach the preservation of the environment by the use

of green technology, provide the strategies that you deem appropriated for

promoting the adoption of green building technologies in the UK construction

industry, and providing any other information that you deem important but not

captured by the questions in the survey. These themes were analyzed and

discussed in relation with the literature review previous studies from other authors.

51
 Chapter 5:

Discussion

5. Discussions

5.1 Introduction

The current section of the dissertation entails discussion of findings from the

preceding chapter. The present chapter provides a study discussion based on

outcomes obtained from respondents in the field. However, themes from the

questionnaire are presented as well as the discussion of findings.

5.2 Summary Discussion

5.2.1 In your opinion what would be the significance of using green

technologies within your projects?

The project managers in their view sited reduction of energy consumption for

end users the major significance for employing green technologies in their projects

with a majority of the respondents. The research respondents that agreed with the

statement in relation to ecological concerns, realizing sustainable development of

green buildings and others were less. The high level of agreement implies that the

green technology is majorly used for reduction of power consumption. The response

is supported by Yu, Lu & San (2014) that the genuine construction project is

initiated as a demonstration for management and application measures in

minimizing power saving of green buildings and reduction on consumption of

natural resources.

52
5.2.2 What is the impact of green technologies on the productivity of

construction firms?

The results from participant responses indicated the majority of respondents

that accepted green technologies improve competitiveness in the industry. The

respondents that agreed with that financial boost, health and safety concerns for

end users and others were less. The outcome indicated that competitiveness was

the major influence of green technological productivity in construction companies.

The findings are supported by Jofre (2011) that explained that sustaining and

enhancing the universal competitiveness of pertinent fiscal aspects, for instance,

construction that stands to be of strategic significance to Europe’s economic welfare

ambitions.

5.2.3 Which green technologies have you employed in your projects?

From the findings, few participants agreed that PV solar panels, Solar water

heater, Wind generator, Rainwater harvesting system, and Energy star HVAC

installation employed in their building projects. Additionally, the majority that

agreed that their projects employ Double glazing installation, while those that used

Energy monitors, Green roof and others were also minimal. The above results are

supported by Badiei (2016) that expounded that Double glazing installations

enhance comfort and reduce energy expenditures as well as long lasting as they

could be utilized for 8 to 20 years.

5.2.4 What are the barriers and challenges that hinder the acceptance and

implementation of green technologies in the UK construction industry?

The findings showed that initial costs and technical factors were barriers

and challenges hindering implementation and approval of green technologies in the

53
UK construction sector due to majority of study responses from the field. The

respondents that stated buildings heritage, the absence of sufficient government

incentives, information asymmetrics, institutional bureaucracies and other were less

in comparison. The findings by Chan, Effah, Darko, & Owusu-Manu (2016) exhibited

that stakeholder resistance to change as well as elevated costs are crucial

impediments for the execution of green building technologies. Additionally, Hassan

& Zhang (2016) stated that green technologies are additional incurred cost in

building as capital outlays are enhanced with utilization of green approaches, such

as, energy and water saving machinery, elevated performance wadding protection.

5.2.5 Have you incorporated green technologies into your recent

construction or renovation project?

The respondents that stated Yes, but excessively were, No, not planning to

do so, No plans at all while others that specified and Yes but minimal had majority

respondents. The majority stated that they were not planning to implement green

technologies in their renovation or construction projects.

5.2.6 How do you believe the environment will be impacted with the

application of the green technologies in the construction field?

The participants responded that those in agreement with less pollution, saves

energy, costly, creation of efficiency, reduces carbon dioxide, greenhouse gas

reduction, sustainability and not sure were few whilst good were the majority. The

outcome signified that most respondents were in agreement that the human

environment was well impacted through the application of green technologies. The

outcome was supported by Jainudin, Jugah, Ali & Tawie (2016) that explained that

the rising numbers of building projects while employing green building technologies

54
is becoming extra essential since it aids in creating efficient explanations in

countering universal ecosystem issues.

5.2.7 In your opinion, how can the construction industry approach the

preservation of the environment by the use of green technology?

Regarding the above question, the participant’s responded to the statements

of save energy, lower price, build greenhouse technology, build standard, site

analysis for energy use, good and not sure on how the construction sector

approaches environment preservation through the employment of green building

technology while those that stated that there were approaches that could preserve

the surrounding were few.

5.2.8 The government is a critical player in the adoption and use of green

technologies. Do you believe that the UK government has done enough to

ensure the adoption of the GBTs? Kindly provide details

The outcomes from the research analysis and findings showed that study

participants responded with answers of making it mandatory, not enough, good and

not sure. Majority of respondents were not sure whether the UK government has

adequately ensured GBTs adoption in the construction industry. The statement was

in alignment with Sangster (2006) that asserted that the United Kingdom then had

operations of green building technology though there existed different companies

undertaking similar projects.

55
5.2.9 Kindly provide the strategies that you deem appropriated for

promoting the adoption of green building technologies in the UK

construction industry?

The results from study indicated that responses included more advertising,

built environment, building green level measurement, reduction in taxes, more

regulation specification, awareness and boldness, detailed building analysis,

innovation technological design, embracing construction, using team projects,

reducing product costs, increasing financing, sustainability, recycling, good and not

sure. The majority were not sure of the statement while those that stated the

distinguished responses were few. The statement was not in alignment with Chan,

Effah, Darko (2017) that opined that expanding client awareness regarding the

merits of green building technologies is paramount in promoting its acceptance

amongst people. Furthermore, behaviors and attitudes of clients as well as the

masses possess considerable impact in promoting green building within the

construction sector.

5.2.10 Kindly provide any other information that you deem important but

not captured by the questions in the survey?

Findings from the field of study indicated that regarding information

respondents deem essential that could be captured by the survey, majority of the

study respondents were not sure. The participants on price of building cost,

introduction of laws, strategized application monitoring, creating natural incentives,

adoption of more green technologies, wind farms and good were few.

56
5.3 Biodata from Respondents

5.3.1 Age of respondents

Findings indicated that from the aggregate 65(100%) respondents, only 51

responded to the age question. The study showed that none of the respondents was

below 18 years and those between 18-29 years accounted for 6(12%), and

respondents between 30-44 years were 17(33%). The study participants aged

between 45-60 years and above 60 years accounted for 22(43%) and 6(12%)

correspondingly.

5.3.2 Gender of respondents

The findings showed that from the entire populace of 65(100%) of selected

respondents, only 51 participants responded to the question on gender.

Nonetheless, results from the study indicated that males and females accounted for

35(67%) and 16(31%) correspondingly.

5.4 Summary

The discussion section comprised of the summary of findings basing on the

questions and objectives themes, and bio-data summary. The initial section had

most respondents stating reduction of energy usage for final consumers for using

green technology, most participants noting green technologies enhance industrial

competitiveness, most agreed that they use double glazing installation, and

institutional bureaucracies as the major barrier and predicament. Furthermore,

majority were not planning to involve green technology in their construction

activities, most respondents agreed that the environment would well influenced by

green technology, most study participants were unsure of preservation approach to

the surrounding when using green technology, and according to respondents, the

57
UK government has not adequately implemented the adoption of green building

technology and possessed no proper green technology strategy to aid in promoting

green technology. However, most of the responses in the second part of the survey

questionnaire had majority of respondents that were not sure of the asked

questions. In addition, majority of the respondents were between 45-60 years,

mostly male.

58
 Chapter 6

6. Conclusion and Recommendations

6.1 Introduction

The chapter is based on the functionality of the research methodologies. The

present study undertook a questionnaire to facilitate information and data collection

for adoption, benefits and challenges on the adopting green building technologies.

These result outcomes result obtaining the study conclusion and recommendations

for the study as well as other potential researchers.

6.2 Conclusion

The green technology implementation results to extensive benefits to human

life as well as the surrounding. These construction technologies were created to

minimize the use of energy through recycling; however, green buildings enhance

the quality of human life as well as the ecosystem's stability. Additionally, green

construction technologies are acquiring an increased interest within the global

building sector since green construction technologies adoption is a form of

improving a buildings sustainability performance. In order to promote the extensive

adoption of green construction technologies in building growth, the study stated

significant benefits for its widespread promotion within building industry.

Regarding the benefits of green technologies adoption, the technology

possesses numerous advantages that help in preserving the environment, human

welfare and health as well as its users. Green technology reduces toxic emission of

substances across its lifetime and congruent with culture, traditions, close

59
surroundings and local climate. Additionally, the other benefits include considerable

operational savings, improved employment of construction resources, and

enhanced workplace output. From a business perspective, green buildings are

profitable investments when their operating costs become lower when compared to

conventional structures. Economically, green structures provide several financial

advantages pertinent to a wide range of distinct cohorts of individuals. The financial

benefits include lesser costs of construction for construction developers and the

elevated value of the property, and utility bill cost saving for households through

water and energy efficacy.

Relating to approaches on the implementation of green building technology,

the Arbed 1 agenda was started to capture “Whole house” stratagem by

establishing power efficient renewable and appraisals all over Wales. The

programme set up comes from the Welsh government Strategic Energy

Performance Investment Plan. Additionally, the technological approach entails the

employment of technological improvement that renewable energy is vital in

accomplishing green construction accreditation and objectives. The other

approaches include the Knowledge Economy Skills Scholarship 2 (KESS 2), a

project carried out by the Metropolitan University of Cardiff to expand on the

success of KESS 1 that assessed the building superiority of retrofitted external wall

insulation on homes whose inhabitants had encountered fuel deficiency from 2010-

2014, the green building awareness to enhancing extensive mass understanding of

ecological matters, and the Lifecycle evaluation (LCA) policy is employed in

examining green construction technical elements.

60
 On challenges faced by green building adoption, the construction industry

encounters viable barriers as investments require an update of present assets thus

resulting in the significance of constructing novel infrastructure, developing and

purchase of novel technologies. Additionally, the innate green structure has been

damaged by the occurrence of compaction to levels that thwart air movement

although the construction is concluded, energy costs are low, but the usage of

renewable energy and effective technologies is not promoted. Individuals begin

performing fundamental arithmetic's and realize that costs of green construction

systems are elevated and need prolonged payback timeframes. Additionally,

scenarios where the top administration is non-committal to environmental matters,

company employees at lower levels become incapable to manipulate circumstances

as a result of their restrictive authority within the organization.

The surrounding becomes considerably impacted by adoption of green

technology as there arises decrease in the greenhouse discharge, reduction in

carbon dioxide that results in environmental pollution. In preserving the

surrounding using green technology, there is need to adopt purchase of green

materials, and enhancement in green building technology as well as creating

awareness among industry players. Additionally, the UK government needs to

become extensively involved in its implementation efforts of green technology

amongst the masses and the construction industry through promotion of schemes

and educational courses. Furthermore, both the government and the UK

construction sector players need to initiate strategies to aid with promoting

achievement of adoption relating to green building technologies.

61
6.3 Recommendations

There is a need for government's involvement in green building technologies

since its promotion facilitates its adoption among masses. The government would

propose buildings most sectors to using the green building's standard. Additionally,

relevant green building authorities need to provide green information, education as

well as training and technical assistance to facilitate successful adoption of green

technologies. Furthermore, there is a need for private and public-sector

encouragement by the government to enable the adoption of green building

technology as well as purchasing friendly ecological construction materials.

There is a need to enhance access, knowledge and awareness of green

building. The green technology academic programs must be undertaken in

government and the private sector in widening green knowledge as well as

augment public awareness. The curriculums that currently provide these programs

should extensively develop, however, certain seminars and courses must provide

building sector players with adequate knowledge to increase on their present

knowledge. These also enhance strategies, materials and techniques on green

technologies.

The private sector should implement with a green inducement scheme by

initiating green technology strategies rather relying on the government. The plan

involves the need to become cognitive and arrange their distinct monetary utilities,

for instance, banks could offer very irresistible offers relating to green technologies.

Additionally, green tax exemptions and incentive plans are presented to building

companies as well as involved players affiliated to green development.

62
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 Appendix

Questionnaire:

1. In your opinion what would be the significance of using green

technologies within your projects?

o To reduce energy consumption for end users

o Ecological concerns

o To realize the sustainable development of green buildings

o Other (please specify)

2. What is the impact of green technologies on the productivity of the

construction firms?

o Improves competitiveness in the industry

o Financial boost

o Health and Safety concerns for end users

o Other (please specify)

3. Which green technologies have you employed in your projects?

o PV solar panels

o Solar water heater

o Wind Generator

o Rainwater Harvesting System

o Energy Star HVAC installations

o Double glazing installation

o Energy Monitors

o Green roof/wall

o Other (please specify)

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4. What are the barriers and challenges that hinder the acceptance and

implementation of green technologies in the UK construction

industry?

o Initial costs and technical factors

o Building heritage

o Absence of sufficient government incentives

o information asymmetric

o Institutional bureaucracies

o Other (please specify)

5. Have you incorporated green technologies into your recent

construction or renovation projects?

o Yes, extensively

o Yes, but minimal

o No, but planning to do so

o No plans at all

o Other (please specify)

6. How do you believe the environment will be impacted with the

application of the green technologies in the construction field?

7. In your opinion, how can the construction industry approach the

preservation of the environment by the use of green technologies?

76
8. The government is a critical player in the adoption and use of green

technologies. Do you believe that the UK government has done

enough to ensure the adoption of the GBTs? Kindly provide details.

9. Kindly provide the strategies that you deem appropriate for

promoting the adoption of green building technologies in the UK

construction industry.

10. Kindly provide any other information that you deem important but

not captured by the questions in this survey.

77