BULLYING:

- What is it?

Bullying is the exposure of a child to intentional and repeated physical, verbal and
psychological harm by another, or a group of them, when attending school.

- Causes:

- The school bully lacks empathy and, therefore, is unable to put himself in the place of the
bullied and be sensitive to his suffering.

- The child develops an aggressive attitude and in adolescence becomes violent. "On many
occasions, bullies are people who have also been bullied."

- Other factors that may play a role are an unfavorable socioeconomic situation at home, poor
organization at home or tensions between parents.

- Multiple causes are taken as a game by the aggressors saying "We are playing".

- Symptoms:

There are a number of indicators that the bullied child may present and alert parents and
teachers in case he/she is suffering school bullying:

 Depression, anxiety, irritability, lack of appetite, headache, general malaise, tiredness, feeling
of suffocation, etc.

 Sleeping difficulties, nightmares or insomnia.

 Social isolation, apathy and introversion.

 Not wanting to go to school, or join other children.

 Recurrent truancy.

 Denial of facts and inconsistencies.

 Uncontrolled crying, extreme emotional responses.

 Suicidal ideation and attempts.

Types:

The ways the stalker uses to intimidate his victim are divided as follows:

Physical harassment: the stalker hits, pushes or uses some instrument to do physical harm to
his victim. He may also hide his things.
Verbal bullying: This consists of insulting, name-calling, making threats or provoking another
child.

Social bullying: This type of bullying occurs when the bully decides to isolate his victim, spreads
rumors, convinces other children not to talk to him or humiliates him in public so that the
bullied feels isolated.

Sexual harassment: All actions that involve sexual acts (such as non-consensual touching) or
that make fun of the victim's sexual orientation.

Internet bullying or cyberbullying: This is a type of bullying that occurs through cell phones,
tablets, computers, etc. In these cases the bully usually sends unpleasant text messages or
emails; spreads rumors through email or on social networks, or denigrating images and videos,
as well as creating fake profiles that can be embarrassing.

This type of bullying is increasing in recent years and is characterized by the fact that, often,
children who suffer cyberbullying are also bullied in person.

How to act:

Parents.

If the child shows mood or behavioral changes it is important to try to talk to them to
determine what the reason is. They should remain calm and listen to everything he/she has to
say, always trusting that what he/she is telling is the truth.

Next, contacting the school is the most important thing to do. An appointment can be made
with the child's tutor or other school officials to make them aware of the situation so that a
solution to the problem can be found.

Teachers

As soon as educators are aware of the situation, it is important to monitor the children
involved in all situations to ensure that the problem does not escalate.

When talking to the children, they should not limit themselves only to the bully and the victim,
but also to the other children involved, even if they are not actively participating in the
bullying. In this way, they get to educate about the consequences that bullying can have, while
at the same time resolving the problem.

Consequences:
The consequences mainly affect the victim, who may have school failure, high levels of anxiety,
phobia of going to school, dissatisfaction and personality changes, becoming an insecure
person, with low self-esteem. If the bullying intensifies, symptoms of hysteria or depression
may develop.

Conclusion:

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