Equilibrium Extra Practice Problems

1. Quantities of PCl3 and Cl2 were placed in a reaction chamber and heated to 230 oC
at 101.3 kPa. At equilibrium [PCl5] = 0.235 M and [PCl3] = 0.174 M. If the
equilibrium constant for this reaction is 0.0205, then calculate the [Cl 2] at
equilibrium. (0.0277 M)

PCl5(g)  PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)

2. 1.0 mole of NH3 was introduced into a 1.00 L reaction vessel at a certain
temperature. At equilibrium 0.60 mols of H2 were found to be present. Calculate
the equilibrium constant. (0.12)

2NH3(g)  N2(g) + 3H2(g)

3. Consider the hypothetical reaction: A(g) + 2B(g)  2C(g)

The initial concentrations of the reactants and products were as follows: [A] =
2.00 M; [B] = 3.00 M; [C] = 1.00 M At equilibrium, it was found that the [C]
was 3.00 M. Calculate the equilibrium constant. (9.00)

4. Consider the hypothetical reaction: 2A(g) + B(g)  C(g) + 3D(g)

Given that the initial concentrations of A, B, C & D were 4.0 M, 3.5 M, 2.0 M and
5.5 M respectively, and that [A] at equilibrium was 6.0 M, calculate the
equilibrium constant. (0.096)

5. Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of all substances involved in the reaction

depicted below when 0.10 M CO(g) is mixed with 0.10 M H2O(g) in a 1L reaction
vessel. (x = 0.067 M)

CO(g) + H2O(g)  CO2(g) + H2(g) keq= 4.06

6. The equilibrium constant for the reaction above at 700 oC is 5.10. Calculate the
equilibrium concentrations of all substances when 1.00 mole of each compound
is initially placed in a 1.00 L flask. (x = 0.386 M)

7. The equilibrium constant for the reaction below is 4.0. If 2.00 moles of each
substance is placed in a 1.00 L flask, calculate the concentrations of all
substances once equilibrium is reached. (x = 0.500 M)

H2(g) + I2(g)  2HI(g)

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8. Consider the following hypothetical reaction:
A(g) + 2B(g)  3C(g) keq = 1.5 x 10-9

If 2.0 mol of A(g) and 3.0 mol of B(g) are initially placed into an empty 1.00 L
flask, calculate the concentration of C(g) present at equilibrium.
(x = 1.0 x 10-3M)

9. If 1.00 mol C and D are placed in a 1.00 L container, calculate the concentrations
of all substances at equilibrium for the reaction. A(g) + 2B(g) 
6
C(g) + 2D keq = 1.5 x 10

10. If 4.0 mols each of CO(g) and Cl2 (g) are initially placed into a 2.0 L flask,
calculate the equilibrium concentrations of all substances. (2.1 x 10-5 M)

COCl2(g)  CO(g) + Cl2(g) keq= 2.2 x 10-10

11. Consider the following reaction: A(g) + B(g)  C(g)keq = 1.5 x 106

If [A] =1.0 M, [B]= 2.0 M and [C] =3.0 M initially, calculate the concentrations
of all substances once equilibrium is reached. (2.7 x10-6M)

12. Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of all substances given that the initial
concentrations of A and B were 2.0M and 3.0M respectively.

2A(g) + B(g)  C(g) + 3D(g) Keq=2.2 x1010

13. At a given temperature, analysis of an equilibrium mixture represented by the

following equation: SO2 + NO2  SO3 + NO

The concentrations at equilibrium are: [SO 2] = 4.0 M, [NO2] = 0.5 M, [SO3] =

3.0 M & [NO] = 2.0 M. What is the new equilibrium concentration of NO when
1.5 moles of NO2 is added to a 1.00 L vessel containing the above equilibrium
mixture? (x =0.85M)

14.Consider the reaction: CO(g) + Cl2(g)  COCl2(g) carried out in a

1.00 L container. The equilibrium concentrations were found to be 0.31 M and
0.14 M for the reactants respectively and 0.78 M for the product. How many
moles of Cl2 must be added in order to reduce the [CO] to 0.25 M?(0.11 mols)

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3
More Mixed Practice:

1. Given H2(g) + I2(g) ⇋ 2 HI(g) Keq = 49.5 If 0.25 mol of H2 and 0.25 mol of I2 are
placed in a 10.0 L vessel and permitted to react, what will be the concentration
of all components at equilibrium?

2. Given PCl5(g) ⇋ PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) Keq = 35.0 If 1.34 x 10-3 M PCl5 and 2.05 x 10-1M
PCl3 are at equilibrium in a container, what is the concentration of Cl 2 at
equilibrium?

3. 0.150 mol H2, 0.150 mol I2 and 0.870 mol HI are at equilibrium in a 10.0 L
container according to the reaction in question 1. If 0.40 mol of HI are now
added to this system and the system is allowed to reach equilibrium again, what
will the new concentration of all components be?

4. The reaction H2 + I2 ⇋ 2HI has Keq = 125 at a certain temperature. If 0.15 mol
of HI, 0.034 mol of H2 and 0.096 mol of I2 are introduced into a 10.0 L vessel,
will the reaction proceed to the reactant or product side to get to equilibrium?

5. 0.50 mol of NOCl was introduced into a 1.00 L flask and allowed to come to
equilibrium according to the reaction: 2 NOCl ⇋ 2 NO + Cl2. If 0.10 mol of Cl2
was found at equilibrium, what is the Keq of the reaction?

6. The reaction 2 H2 + S2 ⇋ 2 H2S has Keq = 7.5. A certain amount of H2S was
added to a 1.00 L flask and allowed to come to equilibrium. At equilibrium,
0.036 mol of H2 was found. What concentration of H2S was originally added to
the flask?

7. A reaction mixture, 2 NO + O2 ⇋ 2 NO2 was found to contain 0.24 mol of NO,

0.086 mol O2 and 1.20 mol of NO2 when at equilibrium in a 2.0 L bulb. How
many moles of O2 would have to be added to the mixture to increase the number
of moles of NO2 to 1.28 when equilibrium is re-established?

8. A reaction mixture, 2 ICl + H2 ⇋ I2 + 2 HCl, was found to contain 0.50 mol of

ICl, 0.056mol of H2, 1.36 mol of I2 and 0.80 mol of HCl at equilibrium in a 1.0 L
bulb. How many moles of ICl would have to be removed to reduce the [HCl] to
0.68 M when equilibrium is re-established?

9. The Keq=1 for N2O2 + H2 ⇋ N2O + H2O. If 150 kPa of N2O and 250 kPa of H2O
were introduced into a 10.0 L bulb and allowed to come to equilibrium. What
partial pressure of N2O2 is expected at equilibrium? (Pressures will work the same
as [] here).

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 10. The Kc = 3.0 for the reaction: N2(g) + 3 H2(g) ⇋ 2 NH3(g) at a certain temperature.
Enough NH3 was added to a 1.0 L container such that at equilibrium, the
container was found to contain 2.5 mol of N2. How many moles of NH3 were
originally introduced into the container?

11. An equilibrium mixture, 2 SO2 + O2 ⇋2 SO3 was found to contain 0.10 mol of
SO2, 0.15 mol of SO3, and 0.050 mol of O2 in a 1.0 L bulb. An identical bulb
contains 48g of SO2 at the same temperature. What mass of O2 must be added
to the second bulb such that half of the SO2 will be converted to SO3 at
equilibrium?

Answers: 1)[HI]=0.0389 M 2)0.229 M 3)[H2]=[I2]=0.0201M 4)product side 5)0.044

6) 0.0492 M 7) 0.174 mol 8) 0.331 mol 9) 93.8 kPa 10) 61 mol 11) 6.7 g

Le CHATELIER QUESTIONS

1. For the equilibrium, PCl5(g) ¾ PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) use Le Chatelier's Principle to predict the
behaviour of the above system which is at equilibrium in a container and is
subjected to the following changes. Also explain your predictions using theory.
a) Add some Cl2 to the container.
b) Lower the temperature of the reaction.
c) Add an inert gas to the container which is flexible.
d) Remove some PCl3 from the container.
e) Increase the pressure by reducing the volume of the container.

2. In the production of ammonia N2 + 3H2 ¾ 2NH3 all molecules are in the gas phase.
State with explanation as many things you could do to the system as possible to
increase the yield of ammonia.

3. The equilibrium, 3NO(g) ¾ NO2(g) + N2O(g) was reached at 125 °C. Answer the
following based on this reaction.
a) According to Le Chatelier's principle, if the pressure of the system were to
double by reducing the volume, in which direction would the equilibrium shift?
b) Show that this prediction can be explained using rate theory.
c) Predict the shift in the equilibrium if the temperature was increased.
d) Show that this prediction can be explained using theory.

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4. State the direction in which each of the following equilibrium systems would be
shifted upon application of the stress listed. For each give a brief Le Chatelier
explanation.
a) 2SO2(g) + O2(g) ¾ 2SO3(g) Temperature decrease
b) 2H2S(g) + 3O2(g) ¾ 2H2O(g) + 2SO2(g) Pressure increase by volume decrease
c) 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) ¾ Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g) Add more Fe(s)

5. The equilibrium below was followed and plotted over a number of changes and
graphed. 2NO(g) + 2H2(g) ¾ 2H2O(g) + N2(g)

a) When was equilibrium first achieved?

b) Determine the equilibrium concentration of each substance and the K eq.
c) What occurred at t2? Explain.
d) What occurred at t4? Explain.
e) Draw on the graph what would occur if at t 6 the pressure was doubled by
reducing the volume.

6. Draw a graph of the equilibrium, 2NH 3(g) ¾ N2(g) + 3H2(g) where the initial
[NH3] = 0.05M for each of the parts below. Include all parts on the same graph.
a) Draw the initial equilibrium where [NH 3] = 0.03M. For the remaining parts
you may assume any reasonable change in concentration that is consistent
with the above equation.
b) Show on the graph the change that will occur if 0.02M N 2 is added to the
equilibrium at (a). Allow to re –establish equilibrium on the graph.
c) Show the change that will occur if the temperature is raised. Again allow to
re –establish equilibrium on the graph.
d) Show the change that will occur if the volume is doubled.

7. For the gaseous equilibrium 2A + B ¾ C + 3D assume that both A and B start off at a
concentration of 4.00 M. At time T1, equilibrium is reached and the concentration of

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 A is 2.00 M. At time T2 an additional 1.00 M of A is added to the equilibrium.
Equilibrium is re-established at time T 3. At time T4, the system is subjected to a
decrease in temperature. After equilibrium has been re-established at time T 5, the
system is subjected to an increase in pressure at time T 6 that causes the volume to
be halved. Draw a diagram of the concentration changes with time showing the
curves for each substance in the equation. Label the times indicated and show the
appropriate changes. Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant between T 1
and T2.

Answers:
1a) shift left b) shift left c) shift right d) shift right e) shift left Explain (a) using rate law. More Cl 2 increases
the reverse rate. Reaction is endothermic. Lower temp makes reverse reaction spontaneous using G. In (c) larger
container makes all concentrations drop. Rate lowers more on the right. In (d) less PCl 3 lowers reverse rate. (e) is the
opposite of (c).

2. Addition of N2or H2 will increase yield by forcing reaction to right. So will removing NH3. Increasing pressure causes
more crowding on left so shift moves right. Lowering temp shifts to right since reaction is exothermic.

3a) To the right since there is more crowding. b) rate law forward increases by 8 times but reverse only increases by 4
times. c) Forward reaction is exothermic so heat term is on the right. If temp goes up equilibrium shifts left. d) use G
explanation.

4a)Forward is exothermic so lowering temp shifts to right. Use G explanation

b) More crowding on left so moves right. Use rate increase of 25 for forward and 24 for reverse.
c) NO change. Fe is a solid so there is no change in concentration.

5a) At T1 b) NO, H2O, H2 = 0.4M N2 = 0.2M Keq = 1.25 c) NO was added and equilibrium shifted to the right. d)
Temp was increased. Since S < 0
that makes H <0. The graph indicates that the equilibrium has moved to the left. To cause this to happen heat must be
added. e) all concentration values
will double from what they are at T6

6. 7.

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 Solubility Equilibrium Problem Set

Solubility Product

1. The Ksp for PbCO3 is 1.0x10-13. Calculate the solubility of PbCO3 in g/L.
2. The Ksp for CaSO4 is 2.4x10-5. Calculate the solubility of CaSO4 in mol/L.
3. The Ksp for Ni(OH)2 is 1.6x10-16. Calculate the solubility of Ni(OH)2 in g/L.
4. A solution in equilibrium with a precipitate of Ag 2S was found to contain 1.6x10 -16
M of S2- and 2.5 x 10-18M of Ag+. Calculate the solubility product of Ag2S.
5. A solution in equilibrium with a precipitate of Pb 3(PO4)2 was found to contain
2.9x10-3 M PO4-3 and 1.2x10-9 M Pb2+. Calculate the solubility product of
Pb3(PO4)2.
6. The molar concentration of Co2+ in a solution in equilibrium with CoS(s) was found
to be three times as great as the concentration of S 2-. If the Ksp for CoS is
3.0x10-26, what was the Co2+ concentration?

Common Ion Effect

7. The Ksp for AgBr is 1.0x10-13. How many moles of AgBr will dissolve in 1.0 L of
0.020 M KBr solution?
8. The Ksp for AgCl is 1.6x10-10. How many moles of AgCl will dissolve in 5.0 L of
0.10 M NaCl solution?
9. The Ksp for PbSO4 is 1.1x10-8. If 5.0x10-6 mol of PbSO4 can dissolve in 1.0 L of a
K2SO4 solution, what is the molar concentration of the K 2SO4 solution?
10. The Ksp for Cu(IO3)2 is 1.4x10-7. If 2.0x10-5 mol of Cu(IO3)2 can dissolve in 2.0 L
of a NaIO3 solution, what is the concentration of the NaIO 3 solution?
11. Powdered AgOH is slowly added to 2.0 L of a 0.020 M solution of NaOH until no
more AgOH will dissolve. If the Ksp for AgOH is 1.4x10 -8, a) determine the [Ag+]
in the saturated solution and b) what mass of AgOH had to be added to get to
the saturation point (this concentration of silver ion)?
12. The Ksp of Mg(OH)2 is 1.2x10-12. What is the solubility in g/L of Mg(OH) 2 in
0.050 M MgSO4?
13. The Ksp for BaSO4 and BaF2 are 1.08x10-10 and 1.73x10-6 respectively. Ba2+ ions
are added to a solution which is 0.0100 M in Na2SO4 and 0.0100 M NaF until 50%
of the F- has been precipitated. What is the [SO42-] after the addition of the
Ba2+? (challenge)

Precipitation

14. What concentration of S2- must be present to just start precipitation of CuS from
a 0.20 M solution of CuCl2? Ksp = 4.0x10-36 for CuS.
15. What concentration of F- must be present to just start precipitation of CaF2 from
a 3.0x10-3 M solution of Ca(NO3)2? Ksp=3.4x10-11 for CaF2.
16. The Ksp for PbSO4 is 1.06x10-8 at 18oC. Predict whether a precipitate will form
when 10.0 mL of 1.0x10-3 M lead (II) acetate is added to 40.0 mL of 1.5x10 -4 M
Na2SO4.

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 17. A precipitate just starts to form when 20.0 mL of 1.00x10 -2 M Mg2+ is added to
60.0 mL of 2.00x10-2 M CO32. What is the Ksp for MgCO3?
18. The Ksp for Ag2CrO4 is 1.0x10-12. If Ag+ is slowly added to a solution of 0.10 M
Na2CrO4; (a) at what concentration of Ag+ does a precipitate start to form? (b)
when [Ag]=1.0x10-4M what percentage of CrO42- is left in solution? (challenge)
19. Predict whether a precipitate will form when 1 drop (0.050 mL) of 5.0 M Pb 2+ is
added to 100.0 mL of 3.0x10-5 M I- solution. Ksp=7.5x10-9 for PbI2.
20. Predict whether a precipitate will form when 20.0 mL of 5.0x10 -5 M Cu+ is added
to 35 mL of 2.5x10-4 M Br- and the resulting solution boiled down to a total
volume of 25 mL. Ksp=4.2x10-8 for CuBr.
21. The Ksp for AgCl is 1.6x10-10 and the Ksp for Ag2CrO4 is 1.0x10-12. A solution is
0.10M Cl- and 0.010 M in CrO42-. If Ag+ ions are added slowly; (a) which
precipitate forms first? (b) what is the concentration of the negative ion in the
first precipitate that forms when the second negative ion starts to precipitate?
(challenge)

Answers
1. 8.44x10-5 g/L
2. 4.9x10-3 mol/L
3. 3.17x10-4 g/L
4. 1.0x10-51
5. 1.5x10-32
6. 3.0x10-13
7. 5.0x10-12
8. 8.0x10-9
9. 2.2x10-3
10. 0.12 mol/L
11. a)7x10-7 mol/L
b)1.8x10-4 g
12. 1.4x10-4 g/L
13. 1.56x10-9 M
14. 2x10-35M
15. 1.06x10-4M
16. Yes Q=2.4x10-8
17. 3.75x10-5
18. a)3.16x10-6
b)0.10%
19. No Q=2.25x10-12
20. No Q = 1.4x10-8
21. a) AgCl
precipitates first
when
[Ag+]=1.6x10-9M
b) [Cl-]=1.6x10-5
when Ag2CrO4
starts to
precipitate

9
 Mixed Solubility Worksheet

1. Write the Ksp expression for the following salts:

(a) AgCH3COO (b) Cu2CO3 (c) PbI2
(d) BaSO4 (e) MnF2

2. Convert the following solubilities to mol/L.

(a) 4.6 x 10-2g of MgSO4 dissolved in 1.00 L.
(b) 8.7 x 10-3g of MnF2 dissolved in 400 mL of water.
(c) 1.0 g of PbBr2 dissolved in 10.0 L of water.

3. Convert the following solubilities from mol/L to g/L.

(a) the solubility of BaSO4 is 9.8 x 10-5 mol/L.
(b) the solubility of PbI2 is 1.5 x 10-3 mol/L.

4. The Ksp of a certain compound is 4.6 x 10-7. A trial Ksp of 8.1 x 10-8 is calculated
for a mixture of ions.
(a) Will a precipitate form?
(b) In order to achieve solubility equilibrium, are more or fewer ions required?

5. 15.0 mL of 0.100 CaI2 is added to 30.0 mL of 0.0100 M Pb(NO3)2.

(a) Calculate the concentration of ions in solution after mixing.
(b) Which compound may precipitate?
(c) Ksp = 2.6 x 10-7. Calculate a trial Ksp and state whether or not a precipitate
should form.

6. Give the formulas of two ions that will cause more PbCl 2(s) to dissolve when the
ions are added to a saturated solution of PbCl 2.

7. Ksp of MnSO3 = [Mn2+][SO32-] = 6.1 x 10-9. If the [Mn2+] is increased, what

happens to the [SO32-]?

8. It was experimentally determined that at 25o C the solubility of BaSO4 in water is

0.0091 g/L. What is the value of Ksp for barium sulphate?

9. The solubility of lead iodate, Pb(IO3)2 is 4.0 x 10-5 mol/L at 25o C. What is the Ksp
for this salt?

10. What is the solubility in moles/L of AgCl in water at 25 o C? Ksp = 1.7 x 10-10

11. Will a precipitate of PbCl2 form in a solution having a Pb(NO3)2 concentration of

0.010 M and an HCl concentration of 0.010 M? For PbCl2, Ksp = 1.6 x 10-5.

12. What is the equilibrium concentration of Sr2+(aq) in a saturated aqueous solution

of SrSO4? (Ksp of SrSO4(s) = 2.8 x 10-7)

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 13. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the result of mixing equal
volumes of 0.02 M CaCl2 and 0.00040 M Na2SO4? (Ksp for CaSO4(s) = 2.4 x 10-5)

(a) The trial product (Q) is smaller than the Ksp and a precipitate will form.
(b) The trial product is larger than the Ksp and precipitate will form.
(c) The trial product is smaller than the Ksp and precipitate will not form.
(d) The trial product is larger than the Ksp and a precipitate will not form.

14. What is the solubility of AgI in g/L in a 0.040 M solution of MgI 2?

(Ksp for AgI = 8.3 x 10-17)

Answers:

1a) ksp = [Ag+][CH3COO-] b) ksp =[Cu+1]2[CO3-2] c)ksp =[Pb+2][I-]2

d) ksp = [Ba+2][SO4-2] e) ksp = [Mn+2][F-1]2

2.a) 3.8 x 10-4 M b)2.3 x 10-4M c) 2.2 x 10-4 M

3a) 0.023 g/L b) 0.69 g/L 4 a) no trial ksp (Q)< ksp b) more

5. a) [CaI2] = 0.033 M (same for calcium, double for iodide)

[Pb(NO3)2] = 0.0067 M (same for lead, double for nitrate)

b) lead (II) iodide c) trial ksp (Q) = 2.9 x 10-5 so yes ppt forms

6. Any ion that will ppt the lead or chloride ions (eg. S 2-, OH-1 ; Ag+1, Hg+1) because that
would decrease their concentrations and cause a forward shift.

7. Reverse shift occurs to it (Le Chat) therefore its concentration decreases after time of
addition.

8. 1.5 x 10-9 9. 2.4 x 10-13 10. 1.3 x 10-5 11. No Q< ksp

12. 5.3 x 10-4 13. C 14. 1.0 x 10-15

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 Acid-Base Equilibrium Problems

1. Calculate the pH of a 0.05 M solution of nitrous acid, HNO 2 (ka = 4.5 x 10-4) [2.3]
2. Calculate the pH of a solution of 1.0 M methyl amine (CH 3NH2) (kb = 4.38 x 10-4).

[12.32]
3. The pH of a 0.100 M solution of a weak monoprotic acid, HA, is 2.85. Calculate the
ka of this acid. [2.0 x 10-5]
4. The pH of a 0.016 M solution of p-toluidine, CH 3C6H4NH2, in water is 8.60. Calculate
the kb for this substance. [9.9 x 10-10]
5. The pH of a 0.100 M solution of a weak base is 10.200. Calculate the kb of the base
and the ka of the conjugate acid. [kb = 2.50 x 10-7; ka = 4.00 x 10-8]
6. Calculate the % ionization of a 0.10 M solution of a weak acid with a ka of 8.0 x 10 -5.

[2.8%]
7. Calculate the pH of a 0.30 M solution of NaF (k? = 1.4 x 10 -11). [8.31]

8. Calculate the pH of a 0.15 M solution of NaCH 3COO (k? = 5.6 x 10-10). [8.96]

9. Calculate the pH of a 0.25 M solution of ammonium chloride (k? = 5.6 x 10 -10) [4.93]

10. What is the pH of a 0.50 M solution of a weak acid if it is 5.0 % ionized? What is the
Ka? [pH = 1.6 Ka=1.3x10-3]

11. Calculate the pH in each of the following cases

a) 1.5 M HA Ka=4.5x10-4 [1.59]

b) 1.2 M CH3COOH Ka=1.8x10-5 [2.34]

12. Calculate the Ka in each of the following cases

a) A 0.100 M solution of a weak acid HA with pH=4.85 [2.0x10-9]

b) A 0.200 M solution of benzoic acid C6H5COOH with a pH of 2.45 [6.1x10 -5]

13. Calculate the initial concentration of an acid HA if the pH is 4.25 and the Ka=2.6x10 -9.
[1.2M]

14. Calculate the pH of a solution of 1.0 M methyl amine CH 3NH2 Kb=4.38x10-4. [12.3]

15. Calculate the pH of a 0.15 M NH 3 Kb=1.8x10-5. [11.3]

16. The pH of a 2.5 M solution of pyridine C5H5N is 9.79. Calculate the Kb. [1.0x10-9]

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17. The pH of a 0.10 M solution of a weak base is 10.2. Calculate the K b of the base and
the Ka of its conjugate acid. [2.5x10-7, 3.97x10-8]

18. If a 0.50 mol/L formic acid solution, HCOOH(aq), is 2.00% ionized, calculate the K a for
the acid. [2.0x10-4]

19. A 0.10 mol/L solution of propanoic acid (C 2H5COOH) is 1.1 % ionized. Calculate the
Ka for this acid. [1.2x10-5]

20. Calculate the percent ionization of a 0.30 mol/L acetic acid solution, CH 3COOH, given
the Ka = 1.8x10-5. [0.77%]

21. Calculate the percent ionization of a 1.2mol/L hydrofluoric acid solution, HF, given
the Ka = 7.0x10-4 [2.4%]

22. HSO4-, the bisulphate ion, is 11% ionized in a 1.0 mol/L solution. Calculate the K a
HSO4- (aq) + H2O (l)  SO42- (aq) + H3O+ (aq) [1.4x10-2]

23. The Kb for an ammonia solution, NH3, is 1.8x10-5. Calculate the [OH-] for a 0.50 mol/L
ammonia solution. [2.9x10-3]
24. The [OH ] of a 1.0 mol/L tritheylamine solution, (CH 3)3N, was found to be 7.9x10-3
-

mol/L. Calculate the Kb. [6.3x10-5]

25. Kb for CN- is 2.1x10-5. Calculate the [OH-] for a 1.0 mol/L solution of KCN. [4.6x10 -3
M]

26. The pH of a 0.500 mol/L solution of trichloroacetic acid, CCl 3COOH is 0.64. Calculate
the Ka for this acid. [0.20]

27. Hypochlorous acid ionizes as show by the equation:

HClO (aq) + H2O(l)  H3O+(aq) + ClO- (aq) If a 0.20 mol/L solution has a pH of 3.85, what is
the Ka for this acid? [1.0x10-7]

28. A 0.50 mol/L solution of hydrazine, N2H4, has a pH of 11.10. If the equilibrium is
represented by the equation: What is the K b for this reaction? [3.2x10-6]
+ -
N2H4 (aq) + H2O (l)  N2H5 (aq) + OH (aq)

29. The pH of a 0.500 mol/L solution of formic acid is 2.05. Calculate the K a.
[1.61x10-4]

30. The base, hydroxyethylamine (HOCH2CH2NH2) reacts with water to produce the
hydroxyehtylammonium ion and the hydroxide ion:
HOCH2CH2NH2 (aq) + H2O (l)  HOCH2CH2NH3+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

31. The pOH of a 0.200 mol/L solution is 2.43. What is the K b for this base? [6.9x10-5]
32. Calculate the pH of a 0.010 M AlCl3 solution. Ka for Al(H2O)63+ is 1.4 x 10-5. [3.43]
33. A weak acid is 0.050% ionized. What is the pH of a 0.50 M solution of this acid?
[3.60]

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