GE-7 STS MIDTERM EXAM REVIEWER

BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
Science started in the Philippines way
before colonization.

• Pre-Spanish Period
SCIENCE KNOWLEDGE
 Planting and agricultural purposes
 Taking care of animals
 Movements of the heavenly bodies
 Calendar
TECHNOLOGY
 Developing tools for industry SCIENCE EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
 Tools for everyday survival
 Weapons The Concept of Science Education
 Transportation
 Musical Instruments Science Education - focuses on teaching,
 Jewelries learning, and understanding science.
Teaching Science involves developing
Brief History- Spanish Periods
ways on how to effectively teach
science.
- Established schools for boys and
girls. Learning science includes both
 Beginning of formal science pedagogy and helping the students
education. understand and love science.
- Slowly become modernized by adapting Understanding science implies
Western technologies. developing and applying science-
- Medicine and advanced science are process skills and using science
introduced in formal colleges and literacy in understanding the natural
universities. world.
- Galleon trade
John Dewey - stressed the importance of
utilizing the natural environment to teach
Brief History- American Periods
students.
- Established public education system
which improved Engineering work and Marx 1994 opines that science is going to
health condition of the people. be one of the most important subjects in
- Established a modern research the future.
university, University of the Science education prepares the
Philippines. citizens in a scientifically and
- Transportation and communication were technologically driven world.
improved.

SCIENCE EDUCATIN IN BASIC EDUCATION

 - Help students to learn important
concepts and facts that are related
to real life.
- Science Education develops Positive
attitude: love for knowledge, passion
for innovative things, curiosity to
study nature, and creativity.
SCIENCE EDUCATIN IN BASIC EDUCATION
- Developing student’s understanding
and appreciation of science ideas and
scientific work.
- Done through offering basic science
courses in General education.
QUEZON CITY REGIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
- It focusses on the preparation of
science teachers, scientists,
engineers, and other professionals in
various field.
SCIENCE SCHOOL IN THE PHILIPPINES
- Philippine Science High School
- Special Science Elementary School
- Quezon City Regional Science High
School
- Manila Science High School
- Central Visayan Institute Foundation
MANILA SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL
PHILIPPINE SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL (PSHSS)
Government program for gifted students.
- Vision: develop Filipino science
scholars with Scientific minds and
passion for excellence.
- Student graduates are expected to
pursue degrees in science and
technology
CENTRAL VISAYAN INSTITUTE FOUNDATION
SPECIAL SCIENCE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS
- Pursuance to DepEd Order No. 73 s.
2008 and DepEd Order No. 51 s. 2010.
- 57-60 identified Special Science
elementary school to which science is
taught with a longer time period and
introduced investigatory projects to
students.
Mission:
- Provide a learning environment to
science-inclined students.
- Promote development of lifelong
learning skills.
- Foster holistic development of the
learners.
- Formerly called as Quezon Science
High School.
- The focus of the curriculum is on
science technology.
- There are additional subjects in
sciences and technology that students
should take.
- Providing maximum opportunities for
science gifted students to develop
spirit of inquiry and creativity.
- The first science high school in the
Philippines.
- The curriculum of the school puts
more emphasis on science and
mathematics with included humanity
courses and other electives.
- Aim to produce scientist with souls.
- The MSAT have five (5) parts:
aptitude in science, aptitude in
mathematics, problem solving test in
science, problem solving test in
mathematics, and proficiency in
English.
- It is the home and pioneer of the
prominent school-based innovation
 known as Dynamic Learning Program
(DLP).
- DLP is the synthesis of classical and
modern pedagogical theories adapted
to poster the highest level of
learning, creativity, and
productivity.
- The school takes pride in its
Research Center for Theoretical
Physics.

Indigenous Science and Technology in the Philippines

 Classifying plants and animals into

Indigenous Knowledge
- Is embedded in the daily life
experiences of young children as they
grow up.
families and groups based on cultural
practices.
 Preserving and selecting good seeds
for planting.

- Their parents and other older folks  Using indigenous technology in daily
served as their first teacher lives.

- Their methods of teaching is very  Building local irrigation systems.

effective in transmitting cultural
knowledge in their minds.
Indigenous Science
- Their lessons comprise good values
and life stories on their daily life  Practiced by different groups of
struggles. people and early civilizations.

- Their views about nature and their  It includes complex knowledge,

reflections on their experiences are expertise, practices, and
evident in their stories, poems and representations that guide human
songs. societies in their enumerable
interactions with agriculture,
Indigenous Knowledge that is taught and medicine, naming and explaining
practiced by the Indigenous people. natural phenomena, and coping with
 Predicting weather conditions and changing environments.
seasons using the knowledge in  According to Cajete, Indigenous
observing animal behavior and science includes everything from
celestial bodies. metaphysics to philosophy and various
 Using herbal medicine practical technologies practiced by
indigenous peoples both past and
 Preserving foods present.

Indigenous Science
 Uses Guided by Composed of

Science Process Skills Community Culture Traditional Knowledge

and Values

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND

SOCIETY AND HUMAN CONDITION
- In ancient Greek society, they
believe that acquiring these will
EUDAIMONIA
surely bring the seekers
- “good spirited” happiness, which in effect allows
- Coined byAristotle them to partake in the greater
- Describes the pinnacle of happiness notion of what we call the Good.
that is attainable by humans.
- “human flourishing”
- How to achieved flourishing? What is happiness?

- In psychology, happiness is a mental

Human Flourishing or emotional state of well- being
which can be defined by, among
- A state where people experience others, positive or pleasant emotions
positive emotions, positive ranging from contentment to intense
psychological functioning and joy.
positive social functioning, most of
the time," living "within an optimal - To behaviorists, happiness is a
range of human functioning. cocktail of emotions we experience
when we do something good or
- Ability to live a good life or seek positive.
happiness.
- To neurologists, happiness is the
From Nicomachean Ethics (philosophical experience of a flood of hormones
inquiry into the nature of the good life released in the brain as a reward for
for a human being.) behavior that prolongs survival.
- human flourishing arises as a
result of different components
such as
 Phronesis
 Friendship
 Wealth
 Power

Human Flourishing
Aristotle’s Human Flourishing
 - Live comfortably, explore more 1. Observe
places, develop more products, and
2. Determine the Problem
make more money, and then repeating
the process in full circle. 3. Formulate hypothesis
Today’s Human Flourishing 4. Conduct experiment
- Humans today is expected to become a 5. Gather and analyze
“man of the world”.
6. Formulate conclusion and provide
- He is supposed to situate himself in recommendation
a global neighborhood, working side
by side among institutions and the
government to be able to reach a
common goal.

- Competition as means of survival has

become passed; coordination is the
new trend.
EUDAIMONIA - The very concept of our
happiness cannot be achieved without
science.

Eastern vs. Western Conception Regarding

society and Human Flourishing

- Western civilization focused on

individual

- Eastern are more community-centric

Science, Technology and Human Flourishing
Every discovery, innovation, and
success contribute to our pool of human
knowledge.

- One of the most prevalent themes is

Human’s perpetual need to locate
himself in the world by finding
proofs to trace evolution.

- Technology is a human activity that

we excel in as result of achieving
science.

- Science technology and human

flourishing are related, in that the
good is inherently related to the
truth.
Science as Method and Results
Scientific Method TECHNOLOGY AS A WAY
Verification and Falsification OF
Theory

REVEALING
Verification Theory - refers to the idea
proposes that a discipline is science if
it can be confirmed or interpreted in the
event of an alternative hypothesis being
accepted.
FalsificationTheory - asserts that as long
as ideology is not proven to be false and
can best explain a phenomenon over
alternative theories, we should accept
that ideology.
Science as a Social Endeavor
- Science cease to belong solely to
gown-wearing, be speculated scientist
at laboratories.
- The new view perpetuates a dimension
which generally benefits the society.
- Example far-off places in South
America where many tribes remain
uncontacted, do not regard western
science as their science.
- Whatever their science is, it can be
ascertained that it is no way
inferior to that of globalized people
in science.
Science and Results
- People who do not understand science
are won over when discipline is able
to produced results.
- For some communities without access
to science can turn to divination and
superstitions and still get the same
results.
- Science is not entirely foolproof,
such that it is correct 100 % of the
time.
Example: Weather reports and
inability to predict some
disaster.
- Science does not monopolize the claim
for definite results.
Comparing the lives before and now, will
make anyone realize the changes that
happened in the society not just in terms
of culture, languages or rights but more
importantly because of science and
technology.
The term “generation gap” is attributed
mainly to the changes brought about by
technology.
Human Condition Before Common Era
- Primal needs to survive paved way for
the inventions and developments.
- Homo erectus have been using fire to
cook without realizing the laws of
friction and heat.
- Homo sapiens invented the simple
machine wedge.
- Used of minerals and fur clothing and
animal skin as well as accessories.
- Different gods.
Human Condition in the Common Era
- Due to an increasing population and
decreasing resources people
- need to improved their way of living.
- Exchange of goods emerge.
- Agriculture
- Formation of communities
- Establishing authorities
Notable Comparison
- Mortality Rate
- Average Lifespan
- Literacy rate
- Gross Domestic Product