Nouns: A noun is a word which names a person, a thing, an animal, a feeling or an idea.

The
nouns can be followed by an adjective, an adverb.

Proper nouns: A proper noun is a specific person, place or thing, and the first letter is always
in capital. Example: Does Clara like to eat blueberries? Other examples: Esteban, Manuel,
Candy, Fabricio.

Common nouns: The opposite of a proper noun, it is an item which is not capitalized in the
first letter, but if it appears at the beginning of a sentence or dot, it should be in capital.
Example: The chair is being eaten by my dog. Other examples: dog, cat, fly, bee, person.

Abstract nouns: Is a kind of common noun, is something that can not be seen, touched or
perceived. It can be a feeling. Example: I was totally marveled when I saw the garden
completely drowned. Other examples: Happy, sad, excited, surprised.

Concrete nouns: Opposite of abstract nouns, is everything which can be sensed, touched or
seen, in other words something physical. Example: The school’s floor is very slippery, I
almost fell yesterday. Other examples: floor, door, lamp, cellphone/

Compound nouns: Is a noun which is formed by more than 2 nouns. Its formula is
noun+noun, and there can be three forms:

Solid: No space between words, example: bedroom

Spaced: A space between words, example: full moon
Hyphenated: There is a ‘’-’’ between words, example: mother-in-law.

Collective nouns: Includes a group of things or people, it is a plural noun in other words.
Example: The trees give humans oxygen to breath, as they purify the incoming air. Other
examples: flock, herd of sheeps.

Countable nouns: They are nouns which can be counted, and are used words like some,
many, few, a lot, etc. Examples: There are three cats. There are 4 apples. There are some
scratches in the mirror.

Uncountable nouns: Are nouns which are so big, that can't be even counted, or impossible to
count. They are considered singular, and they use words like a little, much, some.
Example: There is so much water in the world. (It’s used a lot, as the water in the Earth can
be counted).

Sources:

Grammarly. (2022). ‘’What Is a Noun? Definitions and Examples’’. Grammarly.

https://www.grammarly.com/blog/nouns/

English Club. (n.d.). ‘’Compound Nouns’’. English Club.

https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/nouns-compound.php
Pronouns: A pronoun is a word which is used to substitute a noun, so when the phrase is
written, we don't repeat a noun twice, which means the same and its grammatically incorrect.

Subject pronoun: it is used to refer to a person who is performing something. Appears before
the verb, (I, we, he, she, they or who) For example:
I love you
She loves you
He loves you
We love you
They love you

Object pronoun: it is used to refer to a person or group of people affected by the action being
performed, (me, us, him, her, them or whom). For example:
Has Esteban told you about tomorrow's test?
Nicolás told me about it.
Blanca is very good at dancing. A lot of people admire her.

Reflexive pronouns: It is used to refer to a subject, and it is added the words ‘’<>self’’ and
‘’<>selves’’. Is also referred to as a possessive adjective. Example:
I read the whole book myself
We created this prototype ourselves

Possessive pronouns: Referred to things which belong to someone else (mine, yours, hers,
its, ours, his and theirs), also there are possessive adjectives (My, your, his, her, its, our,
their, and whose), the difference is this is more of relationship. For example:
That wallet is mine.
That white dog is hers.
The red carpet is ours.

This is my wallet.
That 's her dog.
This is our table.

Demonstrative pronouns: It is used to differentiate a person or a thing to the plural form of

these (This, that, these, those). For example:
This is my friend Jaime.
Is that my shirt?
Those are the best engineers of our country.

Sources:

Caulfield, J. (2023). ‘’What Is a Pronoun? | Definition, Types & Examples’’. Scribbr.

https://www.scribbr.com/nouns-and-pronouns/pronouns/

Merriam Webster. (2023). ‘’Pronoun’’. Merriam Webster.

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pronoun
Conjunctions: Conjunctions are words that are used to connect other words, items or
phrases.

Coordinating conjunctions: Are phrases used to connect items which are identical, can be 2
independent clauses. In English there are a total of 7 coordinating conjunctions, they are
(for, and, nor, but, or, yet and so). Examples:

Would you prefer to eat pizza or hamburger?

He was tired but he gave his best.
I usually study in my room for better concentration.

Subordinating conjunctions: Connections which include words like (because, if, although,
since, until, and while). The difference between this one and coordinating conjunctions is
that this gives a more complete sentence, more structured and easy to get. These are the
kinds of subordinating conjunctions:

Cause and effect: (Because, since, as)

Time: (When, before, after, once, until, whenever, since and while)
Of place: (Where, wherever)
Of condition: (If, unless, in case)
Of contrast: (Although, though, whereas)
Examples: I'm not going to pass this exam unless I study.
I need to arrive home before it rains.
She is tired because she didn't sleep yesterday.

Correlative conjunctions: This kind of conjunctions comes in pairs, in other words, the
connecting phrases are 2 words which are grammatically different, but they should be a
single word, (either, not only, but also, both…). Examples:

Not only did I win the race, I also got a congratulation from the coach.
You can win the race by either running or walking.

Sources:

Luo, A. (2022). ‘’Using Conjunctions | Definition, Rules & Examples’’. Scribbr.

https://www.scribbr.com/parts-of-speech/conjunctions/

Articles: They are used before a noun and they are kind of adjectives.

Definite articles: Used before a noun, a plural or a singular noun, basically to identify if the
noun is familiar to the reader. Example:
The apple
The tree

Indefinite articles: Used before a noun, basically is general, used when is not known.
Example:
An apple (An because the following word starts with a vowel)
A tree (A because the following word starts with a consonant)

Butte College. (2019). ‘’Definite and Indefinite articles’’. Butte College.

http://www.butte.edu/departments/cas/tipsheets/grammar/articles.html