Direct speech means saying exactly what someone else said.

It is usually placed in quotation

marks.

Indirect speech (also called reported speech) means saying what someone else said without
quoting exactly what they said. This means that you don’t necessarily use their words.

To report what someone said we normally use verbs like: Say, tell, ask, explain, request.

The word THAT can be used after a communicative verb to begin the statement. But
remember – it’s optional.

You can use it or omit it, as you prefer.

Verbs in the third person singular form usually have an S at the end.

When the communicator verb is in the simple past tense, the verbs in the reported sentence
usually take a step back.

Form the passive

Follow these steps as you get practiced: identify the subject of the active sentence identifies
the object identify the verb and the tense it is in conjugate the verb “to be” in that same tense
find out the past participle of the verb For example, if I have to make this sentence passive:

The dog has chased the cat.

Subject: “the dog”

object: “the cat”

verb: “has chased” (present perfect) conjugation of «to be» (in present perfect):

has been past participle: chased And now all you have to do is put each piece in its place:

Object + conjugated verb «to be» + past participle + by + subject The cat + has been + chased +
by + the dog

active sentences

Active sentences have to fulfill a series of characteristics:

The subject is the one who performs the action.

The verb used is in the active voice, so it is not built with ser + participle They are predicative
sentences