munity cowalne gua qian. sedhiialal. Aanladt 3. ngunnuuns: snweaamnaehial, 2518. eet euut, nrmiacruAutulerntsfinenretaunesdumaeilertatanandauew pnfuaulanenter. Ineinudviyay anermeantuniiutia, nnisuatinaiia, acuvinermiand, qvesnsnluwvinede, 2541. Yoyia areqaunde. noefincduruuleinnzermelnualungtalediua. Inednud iy nermansunnlotin matmuailinada, ncuvtnermans, qtrsenzal uwvinenda, 2637. yonqay eagnute, Ineraataing. nqaunnumiuns: snenatqywarl, 2630. nyad semioianin. neaiiiuilealernas, npunnnwrues: leRaualaf, 2532. finn deyey viata, nomwdinchuttstwteannsanthdushatulaunessudaelenstuca nants, Ineniwudeyy aneienameunnlasin eoantrunaluledfimnean Wonaefanwininenne, anavinernaans, snvinerdaniine, 2540. jannna, new. sBAinink Hf NUMMUM NAR: NsUAENING, ng 2530-2540. aomdange Ajay, K. Dalai, jasimuz Zaman, Stanley, E. Hall and Eric, L. Tollefson. Preparation of Activated carbon from Canadian coals using a fixed bed reactor and a spouted bed kiin system. Fuel 75 (1996): 227-237. 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Standard test for determination of iodine number of ‘granular Activated Carbon AWWA 8604-74, (1974): 674-679. Bansel, R. C. and Coworker. Active. Carbon. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1988, Bates, Andrew. The interaction of coal with microwave energy. Proc. Frist Australian ‘Symposium on Microwave Power Applications. Feb. 15-17, (1989): 64-115. Berkowitz, N. The Chemistry of Cosi. New York: Elsevier, 1985. Caturla, F. ,Molina-Sabio, M. and Rodriguez-Reinoso, F.. Preparation of activated carbon by chemical activation with ZnCi,. Carbon 29 (1991): 993-999. ‘Cha, C. Y. Microwave induced Reactions of SO, and No, Decomposition in the Char- bed, Res. Cham, Intermed. 20 (1994): 13-28. Cha, C. Y., Kim, B. K., Lumpkin, RE, and Quinga, E. Electromagnetic Enhancement of Chemical Reactions (Devolatiization of Char and Coal). Fuel Science and ‘Technology Intemational 11 (1993): 1,175-1,202. Cha, C. ¥. and Kong, Y. Enhancement of NO, Adsorption capacity and rate of Char by Microwaves. 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Jesch, LR. and McLaughlin, H.R. Dielectric measurement of oil shale as functions on temperature and frequency. [EEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote ‘Sensing. 2 (1984):)99-105. Jou, C. J .G. and Tai, H. S. Application of granulated activated carbon packed-bed reactor in microwave radiation field to treat BTX. Chemosphere, \37(1998): 685-689. Kirubakaran, C. John, Krishnaiah, K., and Seshadri, S. K. Experimental Study of the Production of Activated Carbon fram Coconut Shells in Fluidized Bed Reactor. ind. Eng, Chem. Res, 30 (1901): 2,411-2,416. Kong, Y. and Cha, C. Y. NO, Abatement with Carbon Adsorbents and Microwave Energy. Energy & Fuels 9 (1995): 971-975.Kong, Y. and Cha, C. Y. Microwave-induced regeneration of NO,-saturated char. Energy&Fuel 10 (1996): 1,245-1,249, Kong, Y. and Cha, C. Y. Reduction of No, Adsorbed on Char with Microwave energy. Caron 34 (1996): 1,035-1,040, Loren, M. Norman, and Cha, C. Y. Production of Activated Carbon from Coal Chars Using Microwave energy. Chem.Eng.Comm. 140 (1996): 87-110. Mattson, J. S. and Mark, H. B. Activated Carbon Surface Chemistry and Adsorption from solution. New york: Marcel Dekker, Inc, 1971. Mohd Zobir Hussein, Zulkamain Zainal, Ramii Ibrahim, and Khor K. Kheong. The Preparation of Activated Carbons from Chips of Oil Palm Trunk Catalyzed by ZnC1/CO, : Surface Area and Porosity Studies. J.Chem.Jech.Biotechnol, 64 (1995): 35-40, Nestor Tancredi, Cordero Tomas, Rodriguez-Mirasol, Jose and Rodriguez J. Juan. CO, Gasification of Eucalyptus Wood Char. Fuel 75 (1996): 1,505-1,508. Nestor Tancredi, Cordero Tomas, Rodriguez-Mirasol, Jose and Rodriguez J. Juan. Activated Carbons from Uniguay Eucalyptus Wood. Fuel 75 (1996): 1,701-1,706, Parisa, M. M., Mythili, R., William, R. M., and Paul, B. Rapid microwave pyrolysis of coal, Methodology and examination of the residual and Volatile phases. Fuel 74 (1995): 20-27. Potter, Norman N. Microwave Heating in Food Science. 3° ed. Avi Publishing Co., Westport Comn, 1978, Rist, Lance, P. , and Dougias P, Harrison. Surface Area and Pore Development during Lignite Activation. Fuel 64 (1985): 291-296. Rodriguez-Reinoso, F. ‘and Linares-Solano. Microporous structure of Activated Carbon a8 revealed by Adsorption method. Chemistry and Physics of Carbon: A Series of Advances. 21 (1965): 1-37. Satya Sai, P.M. and Jaleel Anmed. Production of Activated Carbon from Coconut Shell Char in a Fluidized Bed Reactor. Ind. Eng. Chem, Res, 20 (1997): 3,625-3,630. ‘Smisek, Milan, and Slavoj Cemy. Active Carbon: Manufacture, Properties, and Apnlication, 1“ ed. Elsevier Publishing Company, 1970,91 ‘Suzuki, M. Adsorption Engineering. Chemical Engineering Monographs Vol.25. Tokyo: Kodansha, 1990. Torregrosa, R. and Matin, J. M. M. Activation of lignocilulosic materials: a comparison between chemical, physical and combined activation in terms of porous texture. Euel 70 (1991): 1,173+1,180. Zhang, D. X., Yu, A. M., and Jin, Q. H. Studies on microwave-carbon reduction method for the treatment of nitric oxide, Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities-Chines 18 (1997): 1,245-1,249,maaan n. AWanevaanialanisvancnesnzenhsahstuuacdunenhsanhity FPanzsiaaiAlaeriszs10u (Proximate analysis) Juanevfantilaniesareunesnzanduthtuerdnunsenhdaiity wait ASTM D 1762-84 Inefuarevfarsfuisluernsl und wantemesuAtlatoututh winaessosilillaandu (Dry basis) andudanrdutineuimenianlnsesn astute ‘Awerma(air dry basis) TIAretArURQune anetorinndu eeecine ward nuse@uameianes decal nnnainuensiatios unrodnsethesomiauachnauinaoelcnereiiruncunsstauswin No.20 mesh (85G Hm) Toonatuntastatdicaanninnmeeratiitinnnteutunattiine qyoronrutuuavensinels vensantudensimredreilauindinastedriawin Wdnasan 7 Gandy 150 pm) sei iFinnadanmalunstincrettaiessine iin qdelusandounseiilestusendranasteiarereine AnvredreftunlAnniumutucctulsunauetitiestunraauly 1 Afndaaaanly (Moisture, M) - wndounssadoanteudatueunt 750 ssmnusadiue duo 10 wit aaniuiis ‘VWiduluniieganatu - debrtintulueusesdatneseantends siniuldtoedasiesmeuanst arse 1 NhiVier@untonalawtundst4 Mailevuamaneratounss 0.1 Heaintu) Judaunsstfeontenrls duiinthwnintMaewoedreieuewute sadimineenedeues Hn (A) - theuuitstwmeuignngl 105 esmusadien Wun 2 dotus sanduiielyt divlundieganantu - FuscifutinhntntlAreMedaendeouuite maunhwlosestoenmideenfen dn (B) - Faunnuenaanttudell93 - nanwilu Genaetnestawiin) (Moisture% = [(A-BV/A]"100) 2.AfiwaFannumnsszive (Volatile matter, VM) Sanur 950 eemuindiaa samsinnnfeutudounmdesnteudhun: soetnettlumemanidludunent 1. sil aneViuthumunihwan 2 will (qungiureuie 300 asians) anntvansiiitneu unuenudusaen 3 walt (qningihlzewial 500 ese vedten) aantiindauunuduien 6 wii sheensannuniisltduluuiiaganady deunctinthntntiseetedienteouuy ssihnwinesdounedleententh (8) Fnuncamrenerarcanindtell eressinn (Hauselaosiantin) (Volatile matter % = [(B-C\B}"100 3.siuutia (Ash content, A) danas innnfourutounredoentenduasdaedretttlumemenrrsinelaiy nent 2 turin Fecumgl 750 esmrisadine dure 6 satus Feltiduluntegn panty Fuscihfindnmintrestedvensoeuen manivninrestounsadeenfourh () Fawaumanadted nuda (Beuaelneinutin) (Ash % = [0/8"100) 4.¢inriaunsiia (Fixed carbon, FC) FC (fanuastantinwiin) = 100-A-VM-MMAKIN B. WPianedauiiveshulalud ‘Pluamevisarnadl Moisture M) Juamesianeunaadlucnututusnat ASTM 0 2867 -96 Hrenciiunnae ameitenelud - UnuszAaauiamanednslinraenlirinuazunsdeuswiA No.20 mesh (850 um) « dulvednaciawt nfuliiinnuarBuntionaReuiumista ludoonesiiieenten chile feuustuasplawthrusueunda - euustetaedretunrentiqang’l 145-155 exrnisnidas aunseviodrminas (lreurou 3 datas) Fisthiduluuileganaady delnyin unefowanunatulderngns ansdiu (fouae tanto) = [(C-D)(C-8)1"100 andl c Ae thminsesdiaunseiifaamtendain (nF) D Ae thontngnsitouneesffnantaneaarufutmindy infu) B Ae tnmninsestionnesileanfourTnsautunrwtndrundeeuusts (nF) mi < JanotannusnercimeludauAastumanl ASTM D 5832-95 finunsieanre Tuemoiveielal = unuszhosuradagedstiazduaieuacunssteuaura No.20 mesh (850-1) © dvfaedneciaud nfultlenuac@uatanateud unis Iudoenssieenten shila Houuitounsfirmintuueunta « nadannsdlantonshiatusrysavlumuriignangi 960 + 26 esnuaadinn tue 7 wit - theensinuuarislhidvlunteganaadudetnin unvAawontoon: snazeinalaenngas Founsrhawsinitqaydelluringtu [(C-0)(C-8)}"100 Tani c Ae thmningestounzeidleonfouelaflarauduthmind (nf)95 D fe thutnaestaunzeadleentouchTnroutushmindaundsiteanuiteu (nfu) 8 he thninsestounscidlnonfenhila (ni) aarmaue Fouaztantiamtin) = Foonviiawinilgqudelil-feusarndu Buansvlehuh (Asha) Fanevinaudludoutuautnii ASTM 0286-04 Uaeaianed uaere snwiatlitouriutaminaesitlitaaiu (Ory basis) nuanSuanrstuanekilxedelld + UauscAaawradzentiastiactentiruazunzedauswia No.20 mesh (850 im) -undrensadeonuanaiiou Hqoanali 900 esArusadiua auihinwinaed - shoansndiiisliuaignvn 10 wil udowaWidulunteganondtu - 44 touneeilesmunnntouunraitintinindnaty &% - duhrechatleuuilel 1605 esrrusndiin authhutinnst (evans 3 dots Alutonseiteenuannton Wihiminusesne 1 ni Waxduntmafoutaumite Meilaanufianeradiennia 0.1 Reainfu) WufintnwtnsnetandreAlA souhrwtnseedan nradeomuanutou x) - tnlennitgnangl 650225 eenusaitem auihinmtnnstldvonalssaies 316 dots -shheenantatielfundignuld 10 wil adorn biidulunstagnnaay - hae | inehustoganradu MatlesfuliitiiamAifenreae Sotuiintawin AUirowMredrnondaun saiaminsesdauneilemuncuteu (x) = Anwnawadriedl ih Geenctansiawitn) = 106,-%G)/K,-X}"100‘Wuameviehamamunuriweranw (Buk density 60.) Bansverimwuduresiutsatulnd ASTM 02854-89 meesBeanie Janevidenetud = eumreriredituslefiqnangd 110 -120 evmunadiua sfielsmdulunlogn andy - dehninnzeuenmastitaanng 10 fefinar WilnauexBuntonation Soumist 2 Meiacisfanarationna 0.01 niu) Tufinaa %) + Wdaeentastunzuennes suey nevunntunreuenmeuuudueney nrevarv@uneataednslunssuennasnct - dravutinetiivlamaity 10 latina Woinvoednadavinnenernnseuennas udanezunnfunseusnnaslyal aundreclasemuinsiily 10 detain - dehutingestandinonfeunszuannaa fufinun &,) - AowanuarninurusaseuzingAean manmurudueleing ( nfeiagnurarfisuiiaee) = (x,-x,)/10 FPkaneimeanaifuns-sns wasciusinitud (ot) Fuanrevidrnaidy nea-snennsciumusiudinad ASTM 03838-80 maaziuanis Auanestiited arorinacauteuuie 10,00 nfs elumands ‘Vdshtemastusaandis 100 Raine udaiialel Au Reflux uae 15 wl nreeansareiemoeneabnsts Wes f Hawnenveelvidu udalalelfan panaudunse-sinadon iitesinnanudlunea-sinsmanuan a. Wianeveleletureshuiatud Tuamevierueansnlunagaduleledu teeugiiduerstelutn aot AWWA 8604-74 Hrawuncidunroemeanesltell sonedlily + saraceralelemusann grunt 0.1000 uefiia avers 12.7 niu sostelenu (nmendianes) une 19.1 fy sostnunediusiletelad donna 25 Deane anni bunfanaldiths 1,000 Raaiinatansiandu viuensnzaremlAlusangan + ssazerelsimestntedauvia (Na,S,0,) Haiu 0.1000 wefta + smnemnnsnlotnsnneindaduon: 5 Taniowin witewlaunoenemlotar nacinduriudawon 70 addins inldriondtutisltanne 560 Aedane thutluiududouns 10 Diothimin ituulaodautle + nf nvenedaetatou audhhnindly 10 fu thutlsthettantecMinaelwiutotearaty iansi + unuszAamurnnedrsbinedentiannd 325 ta eumrorinelsuiletqnungil 140 esaniantiun uae 2 flue = thuavilutinhmintoedaiaity M WazBuntenaletumist 4 Geil arnuncition 0.1 lafintu) luanglauyawna 250 finde deflqnila laenhrwlnoediret ‘Walzzarrau 1.000 fs 1.600 nu +) Menenzarunenlstaanseindiudulesas 5 dowiu 10 Radiine (@rskoetiun ain 10 feds Auiemlsain 10 Swift undewaauun + Meliwedruftiatwiyndou adouenmacennifierdaidwitedarlefeensintavesduteatut = Wdensazarelateru 100 Aadans Tngqnudaseiauss 7 dua 30 Fwiit = nmessrsazeredrenszmnses doetllanignnmemnxonermeaet naesRulreniny 20 Raaainz = Heueneazenntlaltdnty gamsnvanetinsesl& 50 RaRinakoeThln98 Truneadouersazeretndnstntedann 0.1 walla Wneldshrutladuauan inefauteqaya (sreaverwlaldla)iutinutaunneresmsarareltenlnledanamdidy Haditine (S) Aowrmuninaegatudume (VM) uesnrdudufleuqarecdrenzane ‘Tetedularin (C) ean lodine number = (X/m)*D Toul xim = [A- (2.2 B'S) C= (N,'SV50 Xim = SiaainFuseslelemungngatuslentvsesdnunliqedy N, = nanuisdiusesmanreleteru N, = nsrdidumectisasereladenlnlevaun A=N,* 12693.0 B=N,* 126.98 C= nruidniusesdnenseetineesls D=unnnefutila We thwnlnaeatandhisild S= Rannzaesssazeeladeslnlodeianlt nommanaraudindufisuueusn stance antaansilnledainin (N,) Dulamavaretnunaenleleian (Ki0,) 25 Reaans Wuronglauyswia 250 indians alnunsdevlelelar 2 niuarmetiinty sanduldaneazerunanlonznne Innrnduduboens 5 acl 5 Retiinr udsialllansaruarsavertarualntodaia uesiiaerenrerauiludiniardeeulildaranzenetrudeashhudaiddgnga 23 Won 4A qAeqatenaveteuvndituduleliad ¢uaumarandudusesasave cls aangnz N, = (P*RVS Tao N, = avudiduresmazeretadunlnledauia (uefven) P= paiudidumosmoncerenarng ulnunaienletaunn (uefien) R= anarresmmzeretnunadasleleumnnamnnanaddariuflusiunureserensnateleAy N,) Tunsreeveeleledu 25 Aasainelsluranglauysuna 250 HaAfine udatinl Vustummverenangrulateulniedada unvilesraceniudindesioeulild snoavenntrudenchidhutaisigngl 2-3 wun qagiteqaimmncmelteusndinty dulelaidid Arwonawinatdusessisaze re aeingar (Nz) = (S*N,)/ hod N, =ardaduaermsnrmasnangiulaaerlnledaa (uefven) N, =arndadiuresereazeneleleny (vein) S=Vhnarsectimearenangulaatenluledaia Raaiians) lsifinassecersazesleledy Gaaan2) Correction Factor D for lodine Number Testmanuan 4. Aamevdimaqatumituugreschuraiud Aunetrrumunedlunsgedutindulubmntd sis K 1474-1901 ArwncBunres mrianesilxeielull untesilenlt 1. udesdanreqanduues UV/VIS Spectrophotometer Jasco Model 7800 2. witeunthmmuwariu Future ‘.nnasiinusnanemeiinies ( Butfer solution) - oulnunaddenlalalaneurieinia (KH,PO,) Wurteiqaungd 110 fs 120 es tandion wou 2 datas usctialtidulundinunefiay 20 wii « dan 9.08 ni udaazenedaetinauliitirnemaadly 1,000 Reaanr Aan santos aneneanniiliilae A - oulataduutatanauresivn (Na,HPO,) Wutleiiqangl i10 fs 120 29m vanviun wu 2 dale uastieltihituaiinunas un 20 wit « den 23:68 nf udoneeredoetanduliiutaansrautls 1,000 Aesiaine tu santos enracerunlaiiae 8 = thansazeat A 44uau 400 fisting eeifiuerzavere B 4ywau 600 finding naullidatuas Aenrazenentdoderiiinanddunensnaiviaty 7 2enemversndiuys 2.1 none — eutiaaniauye Wutefigangl 110-120 eemisades wu 2 datas uaediathudulwaaianes wr 20 wit dean 1.2000 nF sem eeauensaverenil weflude 1 sullfananilu 1,000 deaitine 2.2 mambhanmynangay qamsnceuiiduyateiasilann 1.0 feaaiar Gestaueencmetiinef audlnnanty 50 fedinsluromituliwin: sanuga drmzmatutnslann 0.5 Haaiine 1 Aaaains 2 finlfins 5 AaRanz unz 10 Hadans paudauldlunelfuliannmuia 100 fietane deaclAarsavernianiaduyinty 0.12 DetinFurlefine 0.24 HeaainFuviefins 0.48 RadinHuwiesiar 1.2 Tasindwwiednz uns 2.4 fafintuiedias muddy thervsncaetalsananimgantuuasiiiarwevandu 665101 waluune Dufinanimgantuuas udairhiahonslacudwudeewssunusurenany Uadulumiae Definfurefing unuxearntenanragantuues aelAunonudavtudiy vtuaes Wianed = unuarAaruramredaelinniBuntiouns 60 is (0.246 Hafiune) - deunetfufintirwtndaadias Wineiuntionaentunded 4 Geilnaruncidun 0.1 Aefingsy) Iusanguaunjawre 300 Aetine Faslgniin = Wersazeruamaiauye 25 ReBine Daqnudarntuvatia 30 wit = qamsaeren 1 eagine Revwhaeaizavernidiwes auiltinnily 50 Sindfine aindugnensncanetiAsn 1 Madang eanshoeaienem etnies audhianne vlhu 100 ediains lunettihdiuariadaduansasnttuye 0.24 Redintuneans - theomenettAaananaagentuunsiiianaeronau 665 wotuune tae Verazerorrinet duvateuieu - _ piuiniBfuye (Methylene blue adsorption, MB) AawanilKenn Q= ((1200-C)*0.025)/S Tne C = nanutuduiinieogapsdsazae anisuug (aainFurlena) § = thwinsesiaetin (nf) 1200= naTaHiauteseisaveTe HINRAMUQGAmy Mafinfusient) Q = 4auaunuundtuliqngady Maainurionty) Sunes Sua shaaniegatundeutlAsrnmes mated (Q)uavedanandiduansisniy yatinde (C) aganstienmeluuy send azlAidulelimenseinregadu sanavletanen aeUnimagnduiunttuye: thamnqnainnsiudidwapsninscaremtenduinty 0.24 Retintwieine limudulelanen udaernlal wedameqadumanuan a. Ihanededuidodumensenquteuunuascutudus Funnels tulad umesesgnqureschrufatudnald ASTM C 619-77 unceile mtlfistesm Mulia lsitennefawanuuy “Multtipoints” — Sudinnasitdamqyseanae Juarealdeneluid sstesemhy -whedunneniiliagy ASAP 2000 apsuit4'n Micromeritcs (qu#13.6) + Wffeanenfiaunes nieutiiaunsunnséqwins mianaFeamrasns ~ uauseriasiiadandsstinsBemieundn 60 ia (0.246 Raine) -duentufintninresennldiiveds WorBunitonaluutunied 4 MaiinrueciBun 0.1 Aasinty) + Vefaerineasiumaen ‘ithimimlzssinns 0.1-0.3 nfu domfuchutustul une 0.5-1 nf dowfunzenuavrauneentiadutlty siludrstuenetuileutleguufadautustul (Outgas) Hgrungli 150 89m sedis wi 2 dates melinrumuggyqyanin - dahwtinrautrerruacnenuanindontnnaen Weldnmushwinaesda etiny deaviiatutftunar quan (wy + Hrmuanaaumudintndiinuqa (P/P,) Henna 10 40 -riululaneutilmasnneentian datnanantiqniftenn: 99.5 qunzeisnnudn dininglaraeuqavintutinmua dwn tinnssesistulanautld—theniaennmafianeshnatienrinndtuseewineunweu Fenty uring (P/P,) unudeannferiarurestalulanautiqngadufieaududiindumen tao [W (PoP) -1) “av Uidunditufithuduaatteoaduinty s yemmuuunn seannte i Aowanuenufifia (S,,) Wael Seer (ATsaatMganH) = NA_/{(s+i)"(Mw)) Tan N= waterlaniiar = 6.023x10" tuianaviatua Acs = futitinnestuanalulaney wiiy 16.2 mmeSeansen Mw = shmnintusqasestulnaenasetagiiew waver areanMana intuit 10 fuovan wn. 2515 Aawdangann dulsmaAtmeiqratnnmeanniovin soniaigneune metnuniiqneunes pcuvinermanhizsynd soniiunntuladneseundinacunanie lullmsAni 2538 retinue umn ngannedinndin dain unisu twiumds Grannall uasdhanewely ndngnsinenmancunteutin iaiinale Aavrasneniuwinende de wa. 2539