KHONG GIAN HILBERT

Il Khong gian Hilbert :

11 Tich v8 hiring :

lun.us/vciF=lun,vz1trEnkhinygianlR
Ta did bie't tich vi hiking via hai recti Ñ=
'
ki
ii. F) < = Unh +
Ur V2
1- Éng kgian 1123,1124 hay
"

quiet hdn ,
new 't
✗e trim ,
. . .
.IR C
,
C2 ,
. .
.
.
Ch
thi tich v0 sé ?
hiking ✗ d- ra suo

◦
D- N , F -

R C
,

Cho F- Ii kgian vector tren

truing F. khi did Edi
go.ikikgianti.ch
'

a' nh
v5
hiking niu ✗ a.
<
,
> : Ex F- → F Ici tich v5
hiding :

lit (x ,z >
Lxty ,
7) =
+ (
y , z) ,
ta y 2- E E ,
,

Iiit (xx ) ✗ Gi ) tie EE ta E F

,
y =
, y , , y ,

liiil (x
, y
) = < ,x >
y ,
tx , y
C- E ( lien hyp )
( iu ) (x x ) 70 t x E E vci ( x 1) = 0 1=0
,
, , .

hating
' '

Mit dy qian tick v5

'
•
si ri ri
Khong :

-
Vdi kgian 1122 ✗e 't ✗ 44 ; " 21 lyyi ya / 2- Hi /
,
=
, y= ,
=
, %
(× , y
> =
xny ,
-1
sky , Ici t tichui hiking biii :

lil
Guy ,
z > = Gc 2)
,
+ ( ,z )
y
do

Kt
y = IN, -1
y, ; sht yz / ,
2- = (Zn i 2-21
( Kt ) blat / (
kzty, / Zz
→ 2- n -1 -1 ✗
y ,
z =
y, = X
,
Z
,
Y, Z
,
t 222 +
Ya 22
=
(344-1×22-2) + ( Ya 2-1-1 Yz Zz )
(k >
=
,
z +
ly , z>

Iiit ( xx ) 41 ) do
, y = ✗ , y
✗✗ = 1×14 i ✗ xzl , y = lyi , ya /
→ < ok
,
y
) = ✗
Kay , t ✗
keys = ✗ (14%-1×292) = ✗ (× , y
)
 liii) ( x , g) =
(
y ,x ) do
("
iy
) =
Kay , -1
Kya =
Ynknt 92×2=4,14-192×2
( do 14,21
, Y, ,yzEM
( ,k )
=
y
( IU) (x , ) -1 Hit 1£ 70
x = X
,
X
, kzK , =

(
kik ) =
0
E) ×, =
112=0 tic ✗ = 10,01=0
Dodd 1122 Ici kgian tich lith
v5
hating Viii v5
huiong 41 ,y > =
shy , -1
Kaya .

Viii IN xét 44 ;xz ; :( Gizzi

kgian ;yn /
)
;xn ) , y yyiya ; 2- ;Zn
-

✗ =
= . .
.
.
,
,
. . . . .

(" > Ici t tichvi biii

hiding
-1 +
iy = '
Gynt sky , . . _
✗ nyn :

lil
Guy ,
z > Gc 2) =
,
+ ( ,z )
y
do

Kt
Y = 174-1 y, ; slztyzi . . .
; Knt yn / ,
2- =
Gni Zzi . . . ; 2- n /
( ( sent yn / Zn
→
Kty ,
z > = Ginty ,
/ 2- i
lkzty ,
/ 2-2-1 . . .
-1

-1 ✗
= X
,
Z
,
Y, Z
,
t 222 -1
Ya Zz -1 .
.
.
-1 "
nZnᵗ Yntn
=
1342-1-1 Kzzi . . .
+
XnZn ) -1 ( ynznt 4272-1 . .
_
+
yn Zn
/
(x
,z ) ly , z>
= t

Iiit ( xx ) 41 ) do
, y = ✗ , y
✗✗ = 1×14 i ✗ Kai . . -
idxnl , y = lyi , yz ; . .
. :
yn
)
→ ( ok ) ✗ -1 ✗ -1 -1 ✗ ✗ nyn
,
y
=
Kay , Kzya .
. .

✗ ( Kay -1 Iizyzt + ✗ )
=
,
. . _

nyn
✗ (x )
=
y ,

liii) ( x , g) =
(
y ,x ) do
( II ) -1 -1
Ynknt 92%-1 tynan
,y =
Kay , -1
Kya . .
.
Ilnyn = . .
_

Y, X -1
92×2-1 +
ynkn ( do 14,21 Kris Y, / Yz , E IR )
=
, yn
.

/
. .

/
. . . .
. .

( ,k )
=
y
( IU) ( 71,11 ) = K X -1
Ilzkzt
+
knXn = Hit II -1 -1
Kri 70
,
.

,
. . .
. .

(
kik ) =
0
E) Xp =
712 = . . .
= ✗ n= 0 tiic ✗ = 10,0 ,
. . .

,
= 0

Dodd lith
"
112 Ici kgian tich v5
hating Viii v5
huiong 41 ,y > =
shy , -1
Xabi . .
_
+
xnyn
 Vdi kgian Cn Guises : lyiyz ; )
'
✗ et sent
-

k
,
= . . .
; , y =
.
.
. :
yn ,

2- = ( z , izz : .
. ; Zn
) Idi 74,14 . .
.
, ten E
C
,
.

Yn E C
, YL /
. .
. I Yn
£7s 2-2 2-
n
E C
,
. .

,
.

( 1 tich v8 bei :
Ky
) =
145 ,
+
kzyit.i.txny-r.la hiking
Ii ) Get ) Gi , It ( ) do
y ,
z = 2-
y ,z
Kt
Y = IN, -1
y, ; sht yzi . . .
; Knt yn / ,
2- = (Zyi Zzi . . . ; 2- n /
→
Guy ,
z > = Ginty / Ii lxzty / Éz -1 -1 hint yn / In
, ,
. . .

=
1425-1 Y I t ✗ 225-1 Ya Ézt " hint
ynÉn , ,
.
.
.
-1

=
1342-5-1 kzzit xn-Z.tt/ynzitYzIz-...-ynZ-n ) . . .
+

=
(k z > + (y z)
, ,

Iiit ( xx ) 41 ) do
, y = ✗ , y
✗✗ = 1×14 i ✗ kzi . . .
;✗xnl , y = lyi yz ;
,
. .
. ;
yn
)

Case >
tiny -1 ✗xzyi -1 ✗ Knin
→ -1
✗
y
=
, , .
. .

= ✗ 1145 -1×252-1
,
. . .
-1 ✗
nyit
✗ (x )
=
y ,

liii) ( x , g) =
(
y ,x ) do

City ) =
145 ,
-1
Kyi -1 . .
.
-1
Ilnyi =
Yik ,
-1
52%-1 . .
_

tynscn
=
Y , In -1
Yzñzt .
. .
+
ynitn ( do 14,21 ,
. . .

/
"
ns Yi , Yu . . .
/
yn
E C)

( ,k >
=
y
(x , Knin Innit 1)hit
'
till x ) = × I, t skirt +
= .
-1 / Knt 70
,
. . .
. .

(
xx ) =
0
E) 1×11=1×21 Hnk 0 tic ✗ = . . .
= = 10,0 ,
. . .

,
= 0

Dodd lith
"
C ki kgian tich v5
hating Viii v5
huiong 41 y > ,
= 145, -1×252-1 . .
_
+
xnyi

•
Tinhchiit :

Ii ) (x > I <×
,
✗
y = , y>
CM ( > ( do ( u ,v ) ( nu ) )
: x
,
✗
y =
lay ,x ) =

= [ ✗ ( y ,x ) ) ( do Lau v3 , = ✗ ( un ) I
 I < y.sc ) ( do É 2--21
=
4.2-2 = .

=
I 41 ) ,
y ( do ( UN ) =
(v
,u ) )
Iii ) (x , ✗
yt Pz
> = In ( x ,
y
> +
1J ( x ,z )

CM : (x ) (✗ ) ( do ( un ) ( v. u > I
, aye pz
=
ytpz ,
x =

= ( ✗ y ,x ) -1 ( Pz ,
x ) ( do < utv
,
t ) = ( ut ) + (
Yt
) )
( ,x > +
plz ,k ) ( do ( ✗ u ,v > ✗ ( a. v ) )
= ✗
y =

= ✗ ( ,x>
y
+
plz,x ) ( do 2-1-12-2=25+2--2 )
=
I (x
,y
> +
13-41,2-7 ( do (u ,v > = ( nu) )
liiil (Ñ , g) = 0
CM : (Ñ ( O ,Ñ 0 (Ñ ) ( do ( au ,v ) ✗ ( un ) )
, y
> =
, g) = .
, y =

=
0
'
liv ) (x > 0 t EE → O
, y =
, y ✗ =

vie ( x ,x > = 0 khi ✗ =

Ñ
CM : Say ra true tiép tui liii )

VD : Ching Minh rainy irony kgiun tick v5

hating rien Chu > = G. v1 Viii
moi × ,
thi u=v .

G- iai :

Do IX. a) = ( x v7
,
nin
(
mu
) -

Gi , v7 = 0 ,
t K

T Gyu )
.
-

1- ( x ,v ) = 0 ,
ttx Ido 1=1-1

Gyu -

'
v7 = 0 ,
t a ldocx , ✗
yt Pz
> = In ( x ,
y
> +
1J ( x ,z ) )

khi did chi cain Cho ✗ = u

-

u thi Cu -

v
,
u
-

u > = 0

→
u
-
u = 0 -1 u=V ( d-pcm)
 tich
Chian iuavectd
trong kgian vi
hiking :
•

AN :E Ici kgian tich v5 hiking .

Viii x E E
,
chain ( hay d-& dail Cia u

Avi :c d-
inhnghia V41.x > voi d-vk.ec
kg hie?u Ici Hall
'
Ici .

11×11 =
✓ ( 11.x >

khi d-o V41

d
Guy / llx y 11 )
'
x
y y
= -
= - -

yn y a

Y Hu -

yll
,
"
11×11 T "
7

) )
O x
0 x

l Minh hog Cho

ing thin 11h11 voi din ,
yl = 1k -

y
"
trong
1122 )

" "
VD : -

irony kgiun IR ,
viii ✗ = ( xp
,
x
,, . . . . xn ) E R ,
thi
( kik ) =
14.71 ,
+
kz.kz -1 .
. .
+
xn.hn = Kit Kit . .
.
+
Kin
rien 111111 = ✓ Gi ,
x) = ✓kit kit . . .
-1
Kri
✓ (x y x V44 / 4 Ix /4
'
voi Ilic ,
y
/ = 1111 -

yll = -

,
-

y
) = -

y, ,
-

yz .
.
.
-1
lxn -

ynl

yh.tt
"

kgian C IR
"
b'di Udi 64.x sin / E
ch thi
cling ✗ ta
cñng
-

=
, , . . .

Cd ( Kik ) = ×
, ,
.I
xz.kz
-1 +
. .
.
+
xn.in = Kit Kit . . .
-1 Kri
rien 111111 = ✓ Gi ,
x) = ✓kit kit Kri . . .
-1

✓ x y x y) V44 / 4 Ix /4
'
(
voi Ilic ,
y
/ = 1111 -

yll = -

,
-
= -

y, ,
-

yz .
.
.
-1
lxn -

ynl

NX : 11×11 = ✓ ( xx ) ki Mit chain thou main

lil 11×1170 ,
t x E F- vñ 11×11=0 ✗ =
0 .

Iiit 112×11 = 1×1.11×11 ,

t ✗ E E

liiil 11×-1 ≤ 11×11 tic C- F-

yll +
Ily 11 , ,
y .

CM :
 lil 11×1170 ,
t × E E vie 11×11=0 ✓( x ,x > = 0 G. u > =
0 x=0 .

Iii ) Hank = ✓ (xxxx) = ✓ ✗ ( xxx ) ( do ( au ,v > = ✗ ( a. v7 )

=
✓ ✗ I Gi x ) ( do ( u ✗ v7 , ,
= I ca ,
v ) )
= V22 ( x , x ) ( do ✗ a- =
x2 )

=
121 ✓ (x ,
x) = 121.11×11
liiil Sii dying BAT
Cauchy
-

Schwarz .

'
•
M&t so BDT
quan trying trony kgiun tich v0
hating :

Cho kgiuntich khi do

'
F. hi v0
hiding .

til lcx , y > I ≤ 11×11

My 11 tic C- E 11317T Cauchy -

Schwarz )
, ,
y
the vie't
'
( '
161 g) if cnn.ly , y > I
cling ci
doing
'

o
,

CM : Nein ✗ = thi KO,

y
> 1=101 = 0

khid-ivcx.sc ) =
TO :O tiic 11×11=0
→
111111 .

Ilyll =
0 .

Ily 11=0 = ICH ,

g) I

NÉU ✗ ≠
Ñ . ✗ e't 2- = n -

iy .
khidd
(k
ly k
dy ) 70
- -

(X C ( do ( u ,w >
Xy ) dy ) 70 ( ut ) (v , > I
+ +
X
dy k v w w
- -
-
=
, , ,

(x ,
x -

dy ) + 1- A) ( y ,
k -

ly ) 70 ( do ( au ,v ) = ✗ (
un ) )
(x ,
it ) + III (x,
y
) -1 1-11 ( ,x
y
) + 1-111-71 (
y ,y ) 70

Ido Lu , vtpw > = In Lu

✗ ,
v > +
Flu ,w ) I

Hulk -

I (x ) -

✗ ( ,x ) + A. I llyll ' 70 ( do 111111 ✓ Gi ,x ) I

, y y ≥

( KY )
Chqn
'
✗ = tuco

Hy /12
11×112 (x y ) Gi , y ) (" IY ) ( " iy )
(× , ) ( ,x ) +
Ily 112 ? 0
_
-

,
y y . .

'
11911
'

llyli llyll llyli

11×112 (x y ) (x , ) (" iy ) 41 (" iy ) 41 y ) 70

g) +
_
-

,
y , ,
' '

Hyli llyll llyll

 ( do ( > Guy ) I
y ,x =

11×112 ("
_

iy ) (x
, y
) 70
'

llyll
2
11×112 - Kx ,y ) / ? ° ( do Z .É= 12-121
F)
HyH2
'

11×1127 ICKY > I Kii > 12

'

E) 11×112.1411 ≥ ,y
119112 Kx ,
y
> If 11×11 .

Ily "
"

Datu
"

= ✗ a'y ra ×
, y phu thug tuyéntinh
,
,
tiic 2
vectcinñy cuing Phuong .

that ray khidi

16C , y
> 1=11×11 . Ily "

NÉU ✗ =
Ñ thi 110 , >
y 1--11011.11911=0 voi khido '
✗ 0 Ñ
=
.y= .

NÉU ≠ Ñ thi (x
ay
> 0 0 lctpcml
✗ dy x
ay Ly
x = =
- -
-

✗
-

=
,

Iiit
llxtyll ≤ 11×11-1
llyll 11317T turn giacl

✗
11×-1911 11×11

>
"Y "

CM : 11kt ✓ Gcty my ) nén

yll = ,

1kt ylP= Guy , kty

)
( kik -1 ) -1 ( ) ( do ( Utv ) Cu ,w > + Cv,w ) )
y , kty ,w :
=
y
=
1- ( x
,
x ) -11-41 g) + , Icy ,x ) + 1- ( y
,y
)

( do (x , ✗
ytpz > = a- ( x ,
y
> +
15 ( x ,z ) )
 (x , x ) + ( 11 ) + ( ,x ) -1 ( )
= , y y y, y
Ily 11
'
(x Gi ly (x
'
= kick +
, y
) -1
,y
) + ( do ,
x) =
, y) )
Relic
i.IM/z11-(Relz1-i.ImlzD=2Relz-
11K 112 )/ ( do ( Retz ) -1
=
-1 2
, y
+
Ily 112 2- + I =

I /
≤ 11×11 't 2141 , g) It 11yd
'
( do Relzl ≤ 12-1 = ✓ Rélz) -1 IMYH I
≤ 11×112-1 211×11 .
llyll -1
Ily 11
'
l BAT Cauchy -

Schwarz : 141 g) I ,
≤ Hull .
1kg111
=
111kV -1
Ily 1112
11kt 112 ≤ ( Hull '
1kg111
→ -1
y
→ 11×-1 yll ≤ 11×11 +
Ily 11
"

Datu
"

a'y phu thug tuyéntinh tic 2 vector

cuing Phuong
'

= ✗ ra → ×
, y ,
, nay .

that ray khi d-i

11kt 11kV Ily "
yll
+
=

thi
" "

dieu =
trony BAT Cauchy
-

Schwarz cñnyxay ra →
ii.
y ph.uthn.ie tuyén
tinh lctpcml
D- iéu Igi choice chat d- tiny tuk pttt thi 11kt
ya ≠ 11h11 + "
yh
'
nyc .
,
my .

Vi dy k: Hi 1:01 ,
y =
1-1 ; -1 ; 01 pttt do ✗ =
-

1.
y nhuing
10; 0 ; 01
11×+911=0 ≠ 11×11-1 11 52+82 252
✗+
y =
→
Ily = =

Mai kgiantich v5 hating viii chian sinh bii tich us

hiking
11×11 = ✓ ( kpc ) ,
✗ C- F- .

Ici kgiandinhchuan

2) Khong gian Hilbert :

AN ( E, C )) ta kgian Hilbert néu (E 1 Ici kgian Banach Ndi

: .

,
.

, 11.14 .
,
.
> .

catch khiu ,
néu kgian d-inhchuiin ( F- , 11.111 ,
Iki d-iiy thi (E C ,
.
,
.
> I ki kgian
,
.
.

Hilbert .
 Kgian tich kgiand-inhchuiinll.lk
v0
hiking ✓ c. ,
. >

ltién Hilbert )

+ d-Éy + d-
Éy
✓ ✓

kgian Hilbert kgian Banach 11-11 = V4 .

>

Loin y Mqikgian Hilbert d-En Ici kgiun Banach

'
-

; .

kgian Banach thi choice Chai hi kgian Hilbert ( hiii Ko phiei hic
'
-

niro chain 11.11 trong kgian Banach cñny d- ! Sinh tui tick v0 hiking G.) 1 .

Cminhkgiantiihvi hiking Ici d-a'y Khoikhoi ninphuidminh trung gian qua

-

kgiand-inhchuoinll.tl : ✓ c. . .
) .

Catch dminh kgian Hilbert :

By : Cminh C .

,
.
> Ici tich vi hiking .

IE ,
132 : [minh Il Il-

= K .

,
.
> I ki d-iiy .

Say ra (E C
,
.

,
.
>) ki kgian Hilbert .

vidu.ve kgian Hilbert

' '
•

Most so :

Kgian IR
"
vcii Gi ,
y
> = ×
, yi +
ii. yit .
. .
+
xnyi Ici kgian Hilbert .
that
vi. y :

Ge Kyi -1
ti ,
y
> = 145 ,
-1
.
.
.
-1
Knin
= '
Gynt "
< yzt . .
.
-1 "
nyn
Ici t tick v5
having ld-a~dminhdtre.nl
412711.111 V41.x) Viii -1 ✗ it la
dicey ( d- a- dminhd
'

+I viii 11×11 = = . . .
-1
sin .

than kgian Banach /

Thiong
"
tu! C vcii Gi , > yi yit Knin Ici kgiun Hilbert
-1
cñng
-

× +
y =
, iii. .
. .
.

Kgian 12 = 1k = lxili? ,
:
& 1%12 ( N
, xi
E IR ho.EC Iii E C } Viii
i. n
 (x , y
> =
{ iiiyi Ii kgian Hilbert . that viey :

in
a

+1 ( x y> ,
= { xiyi.la met tich v8
hiking Iota dminh & trent
i. a

£
112,11-111 V41.x ) ( { hit /
'
( do xi.si
'
Kil )
'

+1 viii 111111 : = = co tinh

"
d-Fey Iota
^

dminhciphiinkgian Banach /

khidd-aylcixaydu.mg d-stich chain hi kgian Banach

'
NX : Cali vitiating ate .

◦
D- ñnythiichinh binh hienh :

2111×112-1 Ily 114 , tx y E E

'
11kt 112-1 11k yll
y =
-

.
,

ltong binh
phuong 2 d-wing chéo Cia hbh 2 lien =
tiny binh phuong cciccanh
aiahbh d-it

CM://x-iylk-llx-yli-lx-y.it y
) t (x -

y ,
x -

y)
= Gi Xt
y
) -1 ( ✗ +
y
) -1 (x ×
y
) -
(
y ×
y
)
y,
- -

, , ,

1- Gc ,x ) + 1- ( Ky ) +
Ay x ) + 1- Cy ) + 1- ( x a) -

1- (x g)
y
-
=
, , , .

( 1- (y ,x ) -

Icy y > I ,

(ex )
= + 41 y ) ,
+
Cy ,
x) +
Cy ,
y
) +
41,11 ) -
Gi ,
y
) -

Cy ,
x )
+
Cy , y)
= 24.x ) + 2
Cy , y
> = 211×112-1 21kg112
= 2111×114 Ily 114 ( d- pcml
 siidu.my Acing
'

king Taco the their hbh d-É kié'm traci hi tich

'

: v0

hiking hay Khong .

VD : Kgian l
"
= 1k = Kili? ,
:
↑ tail
"
( N
, xi
E IR ho.EC Iii E C , p ≠ 21
i. n

khinyphai ki kgian Hilbert . that vi.y :

'
Lady ✗ Hit ; 0; 0
;
0
; / 11 ; -1 ; 0 :O ; 0 ; I C- l thi khi d- i do
y
= .
.
.
=
,
. . .

chuiin 11×11
p
=
[ [ Hit P ] ¥ ,
ta ed
i. ^

11×11 =
My 11 =
2¥ voi 1kt yll = Ha -

y
11=2

Nhviny ni ko tlman doing thiic hbh

11kt y 114 11k -

y 112=8 ≠ 2111×114 Ily IP ) = 2 .

4¥
chuñh [ [ kill )É its sinh boii tich
'
ko
nén 11×111 ,
= viii p ≠ 2 ra v0
i = 1

hating llighia Ici ko xoiy dying di Heh

.
v8
hiding 1 .
Nein lPlp≠ H ko ki
kgian titch di l' die'y Iota dminh i
'
v8
huiony , rien ma :c phiinkgian Banach /
rien ko the
nhving kgian
'
no ki Hilbert .

Vector try'c
qiao :
•

D- N : Vector go.ilatru.ie giao vcii vector

y voi
vie't
xty néu ( ii.
y
> = 0 .

×
7

7
y

NX : Niu Gi , ) 0 thi ly x ) Gi ) I 0 Tok Ici néu ✗ 1-

y
=
y
=
, , y = = .

thi
'

1- ×
y .
VD :
Trong kgiantichvo-huiiinythu.cl/,chuinytorahyneullxll=11yHthi Guy ,x -

y
) -0
-

Pha't bien y nyhiahinh h :c via bñi tian trong kgian ✗ 1122 ?

'
=

a- iai :

Do 11×11
'

Ily 112
Ily 11 11×11
→ =
=

Tucci ( ) (x ) Gi ) + ( x) ly )
key
- -

x
y = x
y y, y
-

, , , ,

11×112 ( Ky ) -1 (
Ky ) Ily 112
-

= -

11×11? Gi ) -1 41 )
Ily 112
-
-

=
, y , y
=
O

tuk ki
key 1- x -

y .

Vdi ✗ IN thi y nyhi-ahinhh.cc nhu

'
'
= Sau :

"
^^ 7
✗+
y
k × ^
"
×
y
-

" 7
y
Niu hai ca.nhb.in iuu hinh binh hoinh boing nhau thi hai during chéo
giro vii nhau toting biii hbh cqnh bin nhau si Ici hinhthoi )
'
2
wing co =

tony quiet hon ta ed 17N san .

HE true giao
,
Gia sii E ki kgian Hilbert: .
Hé Cdc .
vector byline ± ctc.g.ci
hi hi true giaonewxatkp.tt ✗ ≠ B ni
,
ka ≠ 0 ,
ta .

NX : Nhu vii.
'

{ Else Ici hé true giao khi 4g xp

> 0 t ✗ ≠ P
y
=
,
.

. ,

litany thiic Pythagore ) Néu thi 11,414

'

14112
'

x 1- 1kt yll =
y
Tiny
'

quiet néu 64.x, . . .

,
sent ki hé true .
giao thi
1111 , +
Kat . .
.
-1
KNIT =
1114112 -1
11×2114 . . .
+
11km112
 ^

1kt yll
/ Minh hog chocking thuic Pythagore Viii
ni Chinh la dtinhly Pythagore
' '
11×11 n= 2
11×11 ,

quenthui.cl
5
llyll

CM : Néu ×
,
tr, thi
1111 , -1712112 =
(
Xy
-1
Ka , X -1 712)
,
(X 11 , ) + (X ( 112 ) ( Kz X2 )
112)
+
=
,
+
,
K
,
, , , ,

'
= 1111,11 t 11×2112
G- Is d-ñng thiic d- ! dminhti.in -172 xitxj titi ,

khi d- o vii Ii ,
'

, xz , .
. .
,xn E
E , xitxjti-tj.TW
(Knt Kzt .
. .
-1km , , rn
> = 41 , , Icn
) -1 (
Kulin)
+ . . .
-1 ↳In -

, , sin
) = 0

→ but . . .
-11in - a) 1- "n

rien ta ci

1114+112-1 kn 11 ? 11114-1 112

-1km /
+ +
. .
_
. . .
sin
,

1114-1 't Hank

= . . .
-11in -111
=
1114114 .
.
.
-1
11km114 think lctpcml

HI try'c chuiin : hi tie

.
tr.at giaoci HIGH 1 = to C- I .

NX : Nhu vii. y
'

lxalaei.la hi tripe chain khi

,

( xx
Kp )
{
= 0 néu ✗ ≠ P
,

1 néu ✗
=P

PAT Bessel : G- Kii ten}n , , Ici he? truic chain irony E. khi d- i

00

{ Kii ,
en
> i ≤ 11×112 tic EE
h=n
CM : that vii. y ,
Cho x EE .
Do { entry , hi he? tr.lk chain nén

o ≤ 11 x -
[ (ii. g.) er.lt
k=n
n

=
( x -
{ ( x eh >
ek , ,
x
-
Écx g.) ej ) ,

k=n j=n

= 41.x ) - (x
,
[ ( g) ;)x
,
e
-
{ Éciyekek ,
x ) +

j=n k=n

( Élx g) ek [ , ,
(x ,
e
;) ;) e

k=n j=n

= 11×112 _
É (x
,ej
) ( x ,e
;)
-
[ (x
, ek
)
lek ,
x ) +

j : n k : n
n
n

{ (x ek ) { (x ) lek ;)
e
, , ej ,

k=n j:n
n

= 11×112 -

[ (x , ej ) (x ,e;) -

{ lie ek ) ,
(
Mek
) +

j=n k -1
-

[ (x
, er .
> [ Gye;) lek ,
;)
e
k=n j=n

= 11×112 _

[ (x , ej ) (x ,e;) -

[ be , ek
> .
(ii. %) +

j=n k -1
-

[ (x
, ek
)
. bye ,? <
ek ek
)
,
k=n

Ido lek , ej ) =
0
,
tt k ≠ j)
n

= 11×112 _

[ (x , ej ) . Gye;) -

{ ( x ek >
,
.
(ii. %) +

j=n k -1
-

{ 41 >
bye ,? ( do lek > Her.tl? 1)
er ,
.
.

,
ek =

k=n
 =
11×112 _
[ (x
,
e ;) .
(n
,
e
;)
j=n

= 11×112 -
É Kx
, g.) i ,
t n ? 1
j : n

00

Say ra { Kii ,
en
> i ≤ 11×112 tic EE
h=n

•
Tinh hqitu.ua lien tyc
Tinh lientyc Néu kgian tich truing thi tich
F. lie v5 v0
hating cia
-

no lien t.ve trén Ex E.

CM : Cho loco yo /
,
E E ✗ F- .
Néu ✗ →
%
vñ
y
-1
yo this
/ (x ) Gio yo > I Xx ) -

(
xo g) + <
%, y)
-

(%
yo )
I
,y
-

,y ,
=
, ,

≤ Kr -

xo , y > It I Cxo y yo > ,

- I
≤ He -

roll Ily 11 .
+
11%11 Hy yall.
-
→ 0

Gc ) → Geo yo )
y
.

, ,

Trong kgian Hilbert :

Doty vector ( Knt d-uycy.oilaho.ityma.nhd-einvecto.sc trong Enéu

lim Han -

✗ 11 = O
n IN
-

Diy vectolxnld-uqig.ci Ki hoi tu

.
yéu d-én vector
trong F- neta
lim 4in ) (x )
ty E E
y
=
, , y ,

n -10

tu.ma.nhkeotheohi.itu.yeu.tha.tv?ayxnm-Yhk
NX : Hii
lim Han -
Kk = O voi ta xét :

n too
-

llxn y ) ,
-

Gc , y ) I = 14in -

×
, g) I ≤ Hsin -

✗ 11 .

Ily 11 11317T Cauchy -

Schwarz /

↓
""

Gen (
)
Ky )
→
, y
 *
Tiny ké't mi.tsokieinthuicciinnh.ci :

• Tich v8 hating : F -

R C
,

Cho F- hi kgian vector tren

truing F. khi did F- d- c.
go.ikikgianti.ch
'

a' nh
v5
hiking niu ✗ a.
<
,
> : Ex F- → F Ici tich v5
hiding :

lit ( ) (x ,z ) ( z) t E E
xty 2- + × 2-
,
=
y , , , y ,

Iiit (xx ) ✗ Gi ) tie EE t ✗ E F

,
y =
, y y , ,
,

liiil (x
, y
) = <
y, × >
,
tx y E E ,
( lien hyp )
( iu ) (x x ) 70 t x E E vci ( x 1) = 0 1=0
,
, , .

• Catch dminh kgian Hilbert :

By : Cminh C .

,
.
> Ici tich vi hiking .

IE , 11-11
132 : [minh = K .

,
.
> I ki d-iiy .

Say ra (E C
,
.

,
.
>) ki kgian Hilbert .

◦
D- ñnythiichinh binh hienh :

2111×112-1 Ily 114 , ttx y E E

'
11kt 112-1 Hu yll
y =
-

.
,

ltong binh
phuong 2 d-wing chéo Cia hbh 2 lien =
tiny binh phuong cciccanh
aiahbh d-it

litany thiic Pythagorel Néu thi Hull "

'

Ily 112
'
•
x 1- 1kt yll =
y
Tiny
'

quiet néu 64.x, . . .

,
sent ki hé true .
giao thi
1111 , +
Kat . .
.
-1
KNIT =
1114112 -1
11×2112-1 . . .
+
11%112
•
PAT Bessel : G- Kii ten}n , , Ici he? truic chain irony E .
Khi d- i

00

{ Kii ,
en
> i ≤ 11×112 tic EE
h= A

Tinh lientyc Néu kgian tich truing thi tich

•
: F. lie v5 v0
hating cia
no lien t.ve trén Ex E.

Trong kgian Hilbert :

Doty vector ( Knt d-uycy.oilaho.ityma.nhd-einvecto.sc trong E néu

lim Han -

✗ 11 = O
n IN
-

Diy vectolxnld-uqig.ci Ki hoi tu

.
yéu d-in vector
trong F- neta
lim 4in ) (x )
ty E E
y
=
, , y ,

n -10

NX : Hii ty mqnh kéo theo hi.it?yEu .

•
Nguyen ly
'
ble otéu : Cho ✗ Ici Ko gian Banach ,
Y ki kgd-c.ME LCX 'll
,

khi d- i d-iém thi d-Éu

'

Mbk si ble .

•
Dinh ly d-o thi d- ing
-
' '

:
Mqi axtt co
'
dit thi dicing giña calc kgian Banach
Ki lien tuk .
 Luyén tap
Boii 1 .
Cho bent ice lyn } Ici holiday trong kgian Hilbert F- Sao Cho "xnlkt
t n ? 1 "
yall ≤1 th ? 1 vie lim ( sin yn> ,
= 1 .
CMR
,
n→ N

ai Lim Hsin -

yn 11=0
n -100

b) Iim Hank = Iim Hyatt = 1

n→ N n -10

G- iai
( Hn
' '

a) Ta co II xp -

ynll =
-

Yn , Hn -

yn )
=
( anilin) -

4in yn ,
) -

( yn Hn ) ,
+ ( yn yn )
,

= 11km112 +
HynR
-

Lan , yn
) -

bin yn )
,

(sin Gin yn > ¥

'
≤ 1 t 12 -

> -
0
,
yn ,

Vqy lim Han yall -

=
0 .

h-10

b) A' p dying Ptt Cauchy -

Schwarz :

14in , yn
>I ≤ Hank .

llynllf 11h11 ≤1
Vi Iim 1 ( sin yn > I
,
= 1
n -1N

rien Lim Hsin 11 : t

n -10

Ty tu
.
'
lim Hyuk = 1
n to
-

Dili 2 .
Cho lenlns , ki 1 dairy tree chain irony kyian Hilbert E. CMR en
# 0
,

G- iai
+1
'
D- é dm en
¥ "

0 ta ian dm :
,
 1in ( en a) ,
= CO , a) = O ta E E
n -1N

that vii. y t Theo BAT Ressel

'
*
a EE ,
taco

[ Karen> I
'
≤ Half → [ Ka , en > i hiii tu
.

his n=n

→ Ila , en
)/ trainer v5
cling nhi → tim / (qen > 1=0
n -1N

Do to him <
en a) = 0 :
40 a)
, ,

*•

yéu
0
ktpcml
→ →
en

Biti 3 .
Cho day trong kgian
lxnln ≥,
Uci lynln ≥ ,
lie 2 Hilbert suo Cho dñy Gin }
hiii tyyeud-enxva-daylynlho.it , ma.nh d-éu y irony E. CMR

1in ( xn yn > (x )
,
=
, y
n -100

Gidi
Xét : Kxn , yn
) -
(x ,
y
>I

14in ) 4in > +

Gin ) -

(x ) I
=
yn y y ,y
-

, , ,

≤ I Can , yn )
-

Gin , y
> It 14in , y
) -

(x ,
y
>I
= I Can , yn
-

y
>I +
Kiln , y)
-
(x ,
y
>I
≤ think 14in Gi y > I 111
llyn yll +
y)
-

.
, ,

yéu
Do an → x 14in , y
) -

Ggg ) / →
0 121
yn ʰy llyn yh -
→ 0 131

Tatar dm no't Hank bi chain .

Do In
# x
 A&t fnlicl = ( xixn ) ,
si EE
{ fn } bk d-ie'm fnlxl
'

x' EE ( x ,xo )
'

vi
,

Theo nguyen ly bkctéu 7M > 0 ; llfnll ≤ tn

'

: M
" xnll ≤ Mitn
Tie '

111,121,131 n -1N

14in , yn )
-
(x
, y
) I -1 O

Chon -1 a Iim / Gin yn) Gi g) 1=0 ,

-

tim Gin yn) (x )

, y
=
,

n -10

Bii 4 . Cho / iinln ≥ , hi my day true giao irony kyian Hilbert F- .

Ching Minh
hai Khairy otinh sau
tuohy d-
worry
Chuck &

hqitu.mqnhlÉ ho.it?theochuahld-e'nxEE.n:nli 1ChuEi

lil

d-Én
hi.i tu .
yÉu ✗ E E .

n, ,

G- iai
lil → Iiit : Hien nhien ri su
'
hiii ty mgnh kéo theo sit hi.itu.y.eu .

Iii / → lil :
yéu
-%^ʰk
n

A&t Sn { xk Taco Sn Cah dminh Sn Khin

'
→ → a
= k
.
,
k=1

Tin coin clm : Hsn ✗ 11 → 0 -

( Sn n Sn
'
Xét Hsn -
sell =
-

,
-

x )
'
(x
'
= 115m11 + 11×11 -

( Sn
,
x ) -

,
Sn ) 1*1
Do dary hint ta
'
-11 tru:c giao nén ta co

11h11
'
=
It { Eli =
É 11%112 ( Py -
ta -

got (1)
k=1 t.ir

+, Viii m ? n ta ed
( Sm
, Sn > =
( Sn
,
Sn ) =
É 11%112
k=n
 5m¥
"

Matt Khai ,
do ,, nén

{ 11%11' =
( Sm
,
Sn) ("
i Sn ) 12,
k = n ncictinh
n

Toi 111,121 → (x
,
Sn) =
{ 11%11 ' = Hsn 112
kin

1-
hay iao 1×-1 tu di!
Hsn Gi Sn> '
( Smx ) Gi Sn )
'
-

sell :
,
+ 11×11 - -

= 11×112 -

(Smx ) 11×112 -

Gi ,
x ) =
0

Ido Sn ¥
"
x )
vii. y Hsn -
all → 0
hay Snm_%ʰx
Boii 5 . Cho E Ici l
kgian Hilbert vet A :
E → F- limit axtt thia min d- iéu Kien
( Ax <×
,
y
> =
, Ay > ,
tic ,
y
C- F- .

CMR : A ki tian tii tinh lien

mii tuyeh t.ua .

Gidi
chi coin dm A
'
Do
'
E ki
Ky Hilbert vñ A ki axft nén d- é dm A lien t.ve ta
'
ci d-i thi d-ing .

Cho { lien ,AknH C 1- IAI htu ,

d-Én 1% , yo )
tiic
→
In No

Asin →
Yo
t E E do Asin →
yo vñ tich vi
hiking lien t.ve rien ta ed
y ,

(A)in y ) ,
→ (
yo , y )
May Khai ,
theo gia thief taco
(A)in > ( In
Ay )
→ (Ko Ay ) ( Asio )
, y =
, ,
=
y ,

( do sin → no vie tick v0

hiking lien t.ve/
Do d- o ed ( yo ( Asio t
'

) EE
ta
, y y)=
y ,

( Asio 0 t
yo y )
→ C- F-
y =
-

,
D- % biet viii y Ako ta
'

co ( Ako yo Axo > 0

yo yo
=
-

=
- -

→ 11 Ax
,
-

yolk = 0 →
Allo =
yo
→
(ko yo )
, E 71A )

vii.y A co: d-É th! dicing → a'

p dying 171 d-É th ! d-long to
say ra A Ituc .