BT 1 – Bldg Materials

Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

FINISHING

1. Finishing Wood

1.1. Clean the wood

1.2. Sand the Wood [use a sand paper, usually no.100 , no. 150, no. 200]
1.3. Optional: Apply Oil Stain / oil wood stain
1.4. Sand the wood
1.5. Apply Sanding Sealer
1.6. Repeat that process, until satisfied [2-3 x]
1.7. Apply top coat: Varnish [matt/semi-gloss] or Oil Finish
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NS-NbsgLjds

2. Roofing
a. Palm Roof

Lightweight, must be secured into place [nets],

Flammable.
BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

Innovation: Composite synthetic materials to mimic organic material and be non-

flammable and not easily deteriorate.

b. Galvanized Iron [G.I.]Sheet

Corrugated, Rib type, Bended. Typical width is 1.1m
Before: Galvanized Iron, Was usually limited 8 ft to 10ft long only. But thick 1mm-
3mm
Now: Pre-painted G.I. and Long Span. But thin 0.35, 0.4mm, 0.5mm, 0.6mm

Brands: APO, ColorSteel, DN Steel

INNOVATION:
NO NEED FOR TRUSSES, just the thickness and corrugation

QUEZON CITY Sports Club Basketball Court

c. Sand-coated Metal

Not too noisy when raining, good thermal resistivity, texture may occur molds
BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

d. Roof tile
i. Clay tile [‘tegula’]

-Clay tiles has high thermal rating, install roof from bottom to top.
-Joints are not aligned to prevent leaks [tsu Lucinda hostel]
-Layed above an undersheating roof, usually corrugated G.I. roof
-will impact structural design due to weight
- costly

ii. Ceramic Clay Roof tile

-little more expensive than ordinary clay roof tile
-glazed clay roof tile
-reflects more heat compared to ordinary clay roof tile
-less likely to mold
BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

iii. Concrete Roof tile

-cheap
-Heavier than clay roof tile
-less thermal resistivity
-easily molds

iv. Fiber Cement Roof tile

-cheap and less heavy than concrete roof tile
-easily molds [tsu Lucinda interfaith chapel]

e. Composite Roof: Insulated Roofing Panel

i. Polyurethane foam in sandwiched in the gi. Panel

BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

f. Asphalt Roofing
i. Shingles

-applied on undersheating board

-cold weathers areas
-Good insulation

ii. Corrugated asphalt

Ondoora / onduline brand – good thermal resistivity

Problem: softens on hot weather

Not typhoon resistant, requires a lot of tex screws 0.15m spacing of screws and
purlins, unlike sa G.I. 0.5-0.6m spacing of tex screws
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Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

g. Transparent Roofs
i. Glass Roofs

1. Tempered Glass
2. Wired Glass
3. Low E Glass

ii. PolyCarbonate
1. Twin Wall

brittle, weak, easily discolors over time

2. Corrugated

flexible but easily discolors

BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

3. Solid PolyCarbonate

Flexible compared to acrylic sheet, but discolors

iii. Acrylic

Thick, rigid but easily discolors and can be scratched

iv. Fiber Glass Roof

Looks like solid polycarbonate roofing

[plain, or Corrugated or Ribtype] does not
discolor, more durable than polycarbonate

v. uPVC Roof
ultimate PolyVinyl Chloride Roofs
Brands: Crown [crownpipes]
Ribtype or Corrugated
Good thermal insulation
BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

3. Thermal Insulations
a. Polystyrene

problem: flammable

b. Cellulose

Poured loose fibers between ceiling and roofing

c. Fiberglass mineral

Attached [iniipit/layed] directly on roof framing, below the roof

BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

d. Polyurethane foam

e. Foil Faced
Layed directly between the roof and roof framing purlins, better if supported
underneath by chicken wire
i. Bubble Foil

trapped air

ii. Expanded polyethylene [EPE] Foam

Better thermal R value than bubble foil

9mm, 12mm, 15mm; double sided

BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

f. Radiant Barrier
i. Reflects heat, non-flammable, non-tearable
ii. Installed sheet under the purlins, or between ceiling bd and clg framing
iii. Enviro-tuff brand

4. Ceiling
a. Spandrel [prepainted GI], usually used on eaves soffits. Exposed to weather
May also be used for walls in cold places.

b. Fiber Cement Board [exposed], [joints cracks] [ brittle] 4ftx8ft

3.5mm, 4.5mm thk; 320php/piece

Blind rivets on place
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Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

c. Gypsum Board 4ftx8ft

9mm, 12mm ; 320/piece

*not water resistant, but good thermal resistivity.
*water resistant gypsum board but expensive
*black screwed on place

d. Acoustic boards
60x60cm, or 60x120cm On T-runners [framing]
Acoustic properties due to texture and cellulose section. Operable

e. Wood Ceiling
i. Solid Wood

[G1 lodge]
Can be bent, lightweight.
BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

ii. Plywood [flammable, pest, moisture issues, cracks] 3.5mm, 4mm, ¼”thk,
½”thk
Laminate on Ceiling – use ½” thk plywood

f. PVC ceiling, [can also be used on walls]

i. PVC For indoor use only, soft and can be scratched

ii. uPVC for outdoor – rigid and durable to scratches.

Ceiling Framing: use “Furring” [Wood furring or Metal furring] metal = 70php per
piece only 6m. ceiling framing is usually 60cm x 60cm, 40x120cm.
BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

5. Flooring
a. Plain Concrete Finish
i. Screed Plain Finish

Natural polish

ii. Linoleum

Different patterns, but Not durable, for temporary use

BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

iii. Paint
1. Rubberized Paint

Good for carports

2. Epoxy Paint
Good for restaurant kitchen, carparks and warehouses, not easily
scraped or scratched

iv. Self-Leveling Concrete [grout] Epoxy Finish

grout epoxy
BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

b. Polished Concrete
Good for warehouses, heavy-duty, heavy foot traffic
Smooth and easy to clean
Polished/grinded solid concrete slab [with water for dust and smoothness],
fined and sealed to finish. 700php/sqm min.

Best if polishing contractor is present during concrete pouring of slab.

c. Solid Wood
i. Planks
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Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

Bamboo or wood
-tongue and groove joints
-use of baseboards to secure and cover termination of flooring to the wall.
-nailed on place

ii. Parquet

Tinier pieces of hardwood, adhered and sealed into place.

iii. Engineered Woods

1. Laminated High Density Fiber [HDF] Flooring

Balancing layer is usually EPE insulation, soft feel

BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

2. Engineered Bamboo Flooring

-tongue and groove joints

-with balancing layer or foam insulation

d. Vinyl
i. Anti-static Sheet
Seamless and rolled [fusion welded]. 10-12mm thk
Best use on hospitals for easy disinfection and anti-static feature for
equipment.
Rolled and bent to the wall.
BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

Can also be used on art rooms for easy cleaning of paints

HongKong PolyU by zaha hadid, architecture and fine arts bldg

ii. Vinyl tiles

Vinyl tiles are cheap and easy to install

BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

Can be easily scratched and not recommended in high traffic areas

Size: 10cm x 90cm; 150cm x 90cm, 30x30, 40x40

Use vinyl adhesive / glue. Not rugby

e. Sports Flooring
i. Surface Mask

Available in ready to go (10 mm)

Easy to install portable playing
surface
Excellent player comfort and
protection
Structures embossing made for
perfect footing
Brand: taraflex
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Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

ii. Rubber Flooring

For children’s playgrounds, for athletic oval, track and field..
Layed matt or Poured-in-place rubber
Bouncy/elastic 75mm to 100mm thick for low impact.
Non-slippery Rough surface

f. Tiles
i. Types of tiles
Floor tiles and Wall tiles
Floor tiles- thicker and heavier than wall tiles to accommodate loads
Wall tiles- more lightweight and thin
1. Ceramic tile
Tile sizes: 20x30cm , 30x30, 40x40, 50x50
-Lightweight
-Permeable [not waterproof]
2. Vitrified Ceramic tile
-Lightweight
-Non-permeable [water resistant]

Common Brands: Mariwasa, Eurotile

Research: how many pcs of tiles per box per size?

BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

3. Porcelain tile
Impermeable, Heavier and Larger tiles: 25x75, 30x60, 60x60cm;
60x120cm, 80x80, and larger

a. Non-homogenous
-layer only

b. Homogenous [full body tiles]

-Impermeable, water absorption is less than 0.5%
- same color, even if chipped
-more Heavy Duty,
Common Brands: Arte, Granito, Emigres
ii. Tile Spacing
1. Recommended: 2-3mm to allow movements of tiles.
2. Not recommended: 0-1mm.
3. Tiles move and expand due to vibration and weather
4. Every 3meters of layed tile, provide 8-10mm tile gap to allow
movement.

*Research on different Floor Patterns *usually ceiling and flooring patterns are matched
BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

iii. Adhesives

Brands: Eurotile, ABC,

Typical: 25kg per bag
Lightweight adhesive: 12kg/Bag
Usual Coverage: 3-4 sqms / bag
BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN
BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

iv. Grouting
1. Tile Grout
-flexible cement base compound, Applied to fill gaps between
tiles
BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

2. Grout Sealer
-To waterseal the grout for wet areas such as kitchens, toilets.
- solvent-type applied on grout using pencil brush, do not put on
tile surface

3. Anti-bacterial Black Grout

-Easy to clean,for wet areas such as kitchens, toilets.
BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

4. Tile Reform Sealer

6. Doors
a. Panel Door = Solid Door

-Door Sash/ Window Sash to cover wall and jamb termination

*Provide also groove between door jamb and wall
BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

b. Flush Door = Hollow Door

i. Wood
ii. Moulded Door [not water resistant] you may paint

iii. Metal Door

iv. PVC Door

7. Window Framing
a. Wood Framing
b. Steel

can get stuck because of rust

A lot of air leaks
BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

c. Aluminum Framing
i. Analok

ii. Anodized

iii. Powder Coated [oven-baked powder paint]

BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

iv. Laminated

d. uPVC
i. upvc framing

Watertight/airtight, but soft.

BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

e. Stainless

TYPES OF WINDOWS on BT2

8. Glass
6mm thk usual thickness, thinnest is 3.5mm
a. Clear Glass
b. Smoked glass

privacy
you may also achieve this with clear glass and smoked film

c. Frozen Glass

not too private, blurred only

d. Bronze Glass
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Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

e. Reflective Glass

Day time Night time

f. One-way glass
Police interrogation facilities
g. Low E [emission] Glass
i. Used in Nuvali, less heat gain

h. Tempered Glass
i. Becomes pebbles when broken
ii. Used on shower areas, commercial establishments, malls.
iii. Costly but safe, 12mm thk minimum.

i. Wired Glass
i. Meshed within the glass, intact glass even if broken
BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

ii. Used on hospitals, to provide protection but still allow view.

j. electro-chromatic glass
BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

9. Veneers
Natural wood, thin layer of high quality wood glued on ordinary wood

a. Laminate
Glued/rugby on wooden board,
Synthetic laminate on board

i. Laminated on Medium Density Fiber Boards

Not waterproof
ii. Laminated on Marine Plywood
Waterproof

10. Painting
a. Surface Preparation
i. Bad surf prep is the Usual cause of paint defects
ii. Check Environment/ambient humidity
iii. Make sure Adhesion of paint to surface
*Research on “PAINT DEFECTS” e.g. alligatoring, etc
BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

b. Latex [waterbased] for concrete

i. Surface Preparation options:
1. Concrete/masonry Neutralizer
a. Allows paint to adhere to concrete
b. but weakens concrete

2. Skim Coat

a. Does not weaken concrete

b. Has primer already
c. Patches already
d. After this layer no need for primer, straight to top painting
ii. Flat latex [primer] – usual ceiling paint.
1. Hides imperfections.
2. Do not forget to sandpaper, no.100, no. 150. Make texture rough
for top coat to adhere.
iii. Egg shell finish, Semi-gloss or Gloss
1. Easy to clean
2. But shows imperfections
iv. Elastomeric [exterior walls]
v. Liquid tile [odor] – ceramic-like coat finish.
vi. Innovations:
1. Bio-fresh: no odor
2. Anti Bac Paint – [sterile areas of hospitals]
3. Air-cleaning paint – along EDSA, roads, central business district
BT 1 – Bldg Materials
Ar. JEREMIAH MARCO A. BILDAN

c. Enamel [oil based for wood and metal]

Oil based paints dries longer than latex [waterbased]
i. Primers
1. Flat Wall Enamel for wood
a. Flat texture /primer
2. Epoxy Primer for metal [uses epoxy catalyst]
3. Metal Primer Gray [uses paint thinner]
4. RedOxide Metal Primer [uses paint thinner]
5. Zinc yellow Oxide metal primer [uses catalyst]

ii. Quick Dry Enamel [QDE]

1. Glossy
2. Thick and Dries overnight
3. Paint thinner

iii. Lacquer Paint

1. Matt /Flat texture
2. Lacquer based, thin and dries quickly than QDE
3. Lacquer thinner