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SNI 03-6574-2001
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Procedures for Designing Emergency Lighting, Directional

Signs and Hazard Warning Systems in Buildings.

1 Scope.

1.1 Emergency lighting standards, directional signs and hazard warning systems on
this building is intended as a minimum standard for all parties involved in the planning,
construction and maintenance of the building.

1.2 By adhering to this standard, it is hoped that buildings that are

comply with the security requirements in accordance with the provisions applicable to the building.

2 Reference

- NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, 1997 edition, National Fire Protection Association.

3 Terms and Definitions.

3.1
emergency light (e.gemergency luminaires).

a lamp designed for use in emergency lighting systems.

Notes :
a). An "Exit" direction sign, can also function as an emergency light if it has been designed for that
purpose.
b). The emergency light can be combined with a normal lighting lamp or it can be a complete
separate unit.
3.2
lux
the value of the lighting level from a light source to the work area.
3.3
emergency lighting(emergency lighting).
a lighting having a backup power supply.
3.4
sound amplifier device.
one-way communication equipment used by emergency control officers in an effort to
control the evacuation/rescue of occupants.
3.5
emergency control room.
a room where sound reinforcement devices (such as amplifiers, zone selector switches, etc.) are
installed, and internal communication systems. Usually chosen room on the ground floor.

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3.6
seamese joint (seames connection).
pipe joints for fire department cars.
3.7
means of exit from the building (means of egress):
passageway and unobstructed passage from a point in a building or structure to a public
road, consisting of three parts:

a) exit access (exit access).

a means to a safe path.

b). exit(exit).

safe means of egress

c). leave exit(exit discharge).

part of the means leading to an exit in the direction of a public road

3.8
internal communication system.

two-way communication equipment used by occupants or officers to contact the Hazard

Control Center.
3.9
emergency resources.
spare resources reserved exclusively for the Hazard Warning System. It is possible that
emergency resources are combined for other emergency needs.
3.10
direction sign.

a sign indicating the direction to a safe exit.

4 Emergency Lighting.

4.1 General.

4.1.1 Emergency lighting on means of egress(means of egress)must

provided for:

a). each building on:

1). causeway.

2). room with an area of more than 300 m2.

3). rooms with an area of more than 100 m2but less than 300 m2which is not open ;

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4). into the corridor, or

5). to a room with emergency lights, or

6). to the highway, or

7). to open space.

8). class 2 or 3 buildings and on every causeway that has a length of more than 6 m
an emergency light is installed.

9). class 9a building, namely on:

(a). every aisle, corridor,matteror similar used by the patient.

(b). any room with a floor area of more than 120 m2used by the patient.

(c). Besides mentioned in 4.1.1.a) above, emergency lighting must be installed at the
location:

(1) elevator car.

(2) parking lot in the besmen.

(3) generator room.

(4) fire pump room.

(d). On doors fitted with delay exit locks, and

(e). Staircase and vestibule of smoke-resistant casing.

4.1.2 Emergency lighting at means of egress must be on continuously

as long as the occupants need a means of egress. Artificial lighting that is operated as
emergency lighting is installed in certain places and for a certain period of time as needed
to keep the lighting down to the specified minimum level.

Exception :
Automatic motion sensors to operate the lamp are permitted and a control switch must be provided in the event of an
operation failure.“timers”the lighting is set for a minimum of 15 minutes, and the automatic motion sensor works with
the movement of the occupants before entering the area served by the emergency light unit.

4.1.3 Floors and surfaces for walking on a safe place, means of access
a safe place and a means of accessing public roads, the light intensity level of at least 10 Lux is
measured on the floor..
Exception :
In meeting rooms, lighting from the floor at the means of access to a safe place, a minimum of 2 Lux for a certain
period of time.

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4.1.4 Any required lighting must be arranged so that the failure of

any single lighting unit should not cause the room to darken.

4.1.5 Equipment or units installed to comply with chapter 5, are possible

functions as emergency lighting on means of exit, like the emergency lighting in chapter 4.

4.2 Lighting Sources.

4.2.1 Lighting on means of exit must come from a power source

whose reliability is guaranteed.

4.2.2 Battery operated lamps and other types of lamps such as

hand lamps or lanterns shall not be used for primary lighting of means of egress. Battery
operated lamps may be used as an emergency source as described in chapter 5.

4.3 Emergency Light.

4.3.1 Technical Provisions.

a). Every emergency light must ;

1). work automatically.

2). have sufficient light levels for safe evacuation.

3). if having a centralized system, the backup power supply and automatic control
shall be protected from fire damage by an enclosure construction having a Fire
Resistance Rating (TKA) of not less than -/60/60.

4). Emergency lights used must comply with applicable standards.

ib) Emergency light identification.

1). Symbol identification is illustrated in Figure 4.3.1.b.

2). The minimum symbol diameter is 10 mm.

3). The symbol must be placed where it is easy to see.

4). Symbols must not be placed on emergency light diffusers or ceiling covers that can
be opened.

Figure 4.3.1.b : Identification of emergency light symbols

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4.3.2 Installation Location.

a). Emergency lights installed on:

1). stairs.

2). alley.

3). corridor.

4). ram.

5). elevator

6). passageway to a safe place, and

7). route to a public road.

b). All the way to corridors, lobbies and exits with a direct distance from the entry point of
the aisles, lobbies or exits exceeding 13 meters (see figure 4.3.2.b), or;

Figure 4.3.2.b : Location of indoor emergency lighting installation.

c). throughout the area if there is no clear path to the corridors, lobbies and exits (see
figure 4.3.2.b).

4.3.3 Emergency Lights for Fire Fighting Facilities.

a). Fire Signal Panels, manual call points and firefighting equipment must be sufficiently
bright at all times to make them easy to find.

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b). The minimum illumination level must comply with applicable regulations. The time delay
between the failure of the power supply for normal lamps and the switching on of
emergency lights for fire-fighting facilities shall not exceed 15 seconds.

c). Emergency lights must be placed in such a way as to be able to provide lighting
automatically when needed at fire protection equipment facilities such as: fire
department connection(seamese connection), fire panels, manual call points, and so
on. This is to make it easier for residents and fire agency officers to find the location of
fire protection equipment (see figure 4.3.3.c).

Figure 4.3.3.c : Emergency lights for fire protection location facilities

4.3.4 Operating System.

a). A back-up generator installed to operate the smoke-tight sheathed mechanical

ventilation apparatus may be used as the supply of electric power for the stair shaft
and vestibule.

b). Lighting needs to be maintained not to turn off when switching from one energy
source to another. Emergency lights are provided by a driving force that drives an
electric generator with an allowable delay of not more than 15 seconds.

c). Emergency lighting shall be provided for a period of 1½ hours in the event of failure of
normal lighting. The emergency lighting facility shall be capable of providing an initial
illumination of not less than an average of 10 Lux and a minimum at each point of 1
Lux measured along an egress path from the floor level. Illumination intensity is
allowed to decrease to 6 Lux on average and at a minimum of 0.6 Lux at each point at
the end of the emergency lamp operating time. The ratio of maximum and minimum
lighting intensity at any point anywhere shall not exceed 40 : 1.

d). The emergency lighting system must be capable of providing emergency lighting
automatically when normal lighting is disturbed, such as failure of the mains power
supply, opening of the power breaker.(Circuit breakers) or break

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melting safety(fuse), or the normal light control switch facility is intentionally opened (
off).

e). Emergency generator along with fireproof and switching installations(switching)that provide
electrical power for the emergency lighting system must be installed, tested and maintained in
accordance with applicable regulations. Electrical energy storage systems if required in this
Technical Instruction must be installed and tested in accordance with applicable regulations.

f). Emergency light operated withbatteryused only of a reliable and rechargeable type (
rechargeable),always available in full condition.Batteryused in each lamp or units for
the use of emergency lights must meet the applicable provisions and be approved by
the competent authority.

g). The emergency light system must be operational and capable of automatically turning on without
assistance.

4.3.5 Emergency lighting equipment test period.

a). A function test must be carried out on each emergency lamp using a battery powered
system every 30 days, for 30 seconds.

b). An annual test should be carried out with a test time of 1½ hours.

c). The equipment must be fully operational during the test period.

d). A written report on the test results is prepared by the building owner for further
submission to the authorized agency.

5 Direction Sign “EXIT”

5.1 General.

5.1.1 Means leading to the exit must be marked with directions in accordance with the provisions
in this chapter, which is required for buildings with the classification as mentioned in point
2.1.1.

5.1.2 Directional signs are not required for class 2 buildings where each door is assigned
labels on the side leading to an exit or balcony;

a). with the word “EXIT(EXIT)”uppercase letters, minimum height of 25 mm and contrasting
colors against the background, or ;

b). other suitable method, and ;

5.1.3 entrance to the sales section of a class 2 or class 3 building or

4th grade.

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5.2 Installation Location.

5.2.1 Directions to a safe place must be marked with a directional sign

approved, in a location that is easy to read from all directions.

5.2.2 At every door leading to a safe staircase, an “EXIT” sign must be posted
(EXIT)” above the doorknob at a height of 150 cm from the floor surface to the center line of
the direction sign as shown in Figure 5.2.2.

Figure 5.2.2. : Installation location of the "EXIT" sign (EXIT)” on doors and walls.

5.2.3 Entrance to a safe place must be marked at an easy location

read from all directions, if the road to the place is not easily visible to the occupants (see
picture 5.2.3).

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Figure 5.2.3 : Installation location of the “EXIT(EXIT)” in the corridor.

5.2.4 If a directional sign to an exit is required near the floor, a directional sign
egress should be installed close to floor level in addition to directional signs on doors and
corridors (see figure 5.2.2).

This direction sign:

a). size and lighting comply with 5.2 and 5.3.

b). the base of this direction sign is at least 15 cm and not more than 20 cm above the floor.

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c). for doors leading to safe egress, a directional sign is posted on the door or adjacent to
the door with the end nearest the directional sign 10 cm from the door frame.

5.2.5 The placement of the directional signs required in this Section, must be of the size,
special colours, designed for easy reading and should contrast against decorations, interior
finishes, or other signs. No decorations, furniture, or equipment obstructing the view of the
directional signs are permitted except for egress signs, and there must be no directional
signs with sharp lighting.displays,or an object within or adjacent to the line of sight of the
required egress direction sign which has the character of detracting from the direction
sign's attention.

5.2.6 If the floor adjacent to the track leading to the exit needs to be given
direction signs, must be illuminated from the inside at a distance of 20 cm from the floor. The
required system is designed to be easy to see along the path to a safe place and continuously,
unless it is cut off by a doorway, a roadhall, corridors, or others related to architecture. The
system can operate continuously or while the fire alarm system is running. Activation, duration
and continuous operation of the system must comply with item 4.2.

5.2.7 If the authorities permit, the stairs from the top floor continue to
Basement floor, suitable directional signs including pictorial directional signs must be
placed in strategic locations on the stairs leading to occupant egress in an emergency
situation (see figure 5.2.7.a and figure 5.2.7.b).

Figure 5.2.7. (a).

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Figure 5.2.7.(b).: Direction sign “EXIT(EXIT)” on the stairs.

5.3 Direction Sign Size.

5.3.1 Externally illuminated directional signs are required by 5.2 and 5.5.1,
reads “EXIT' or other suitable word, in easy-to-see letters, minimum height of 15 cm, font
thickness of at least 2 cm. The word "EXIT" must have a minimum letter width of 5 cm except
for the letter "I" and a minimum distance between letters of at least 1 cm. Directional signs
are made larger with the width, thickness and letter spacing proportional to the height
(figure 5.3.1).

Figure : 5.3.1.

5.3.2 Internally lit directional signs required by 5.2 and 5.5.1

bearing the word “EXIT” or other words that match the letters that are easy to read from a minimum
distance of 30 m under normal (300 Lux) and emergency (10 Lux) lighting conditions. Directional signs
that are illuminated from the inside must comply with applicable regulations.

5.4 Directional Sign Lighting.

a). Any directional signs required in 5.3.1 or 5.2.4 must be properly illuminated from a
reliable light source. Directional signs that are illuminated from the outside or from
the inside must be easy to read in normal and emergency lighting conditions.

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b). Directional signs that are illuminated from outside must have a minimum illumination level of 50 Lux
and a minimum contrast ratio of 0.5.

c). Directional signs illuminated from the inside must be readable equivalent to direction signs
illuminated from the outside and fulfill item 5.4.2.

d). Any directional sign lighting required in 5.4., shall be illuminated continuously as
specified in Section 4.

e). If an emergency lighting facility is required in a building as mentioned in point 4.1.1

for individual occupancy, the exit sign must be illuminated by an emergency lighting
facility. The lighting level of the exit direction sign must comply with item 5.4.2 or
5.4.3, and the length of time the emergency light operates is described in item 5.3.1.
The lighting level may decrease by up to 60% at the end of the emergency lamp
flashing period.

5.5 Special Needs.

5.5.1 Direction Sign.

A directional sign that complies with 5.3 and reads “EXIT or EXIT' or a similar designation
with a directional indicator indicating the direction of passage must be posted at any
location where the direction to the nearest exit is not visible (see example in the annex).

5.5.2 Direction Indicator.

a). Directional indicators must be placed outside the words “EXIT (EXIT)” ,

b). at least 1 cm from each letter, and ;

c). shall be allowed to be attached to or separated from the directional signs.

d). Directional indicators must display “Chevron" as shown in Figure 5.5.2.d, and ;

Figure 5.5.2.d : “Chevron”

e). must be visible as a directional sign at a minimum distance of 12 m at an average lighting level
of 300 Lux in normal conditions and 10 Lux in emergency conditions on the floor.

f). Direction indicators shall be placed at the ends of the direction signs for the direction indicated
(figure 5.5.2.f).

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Figure : 5.5.2.f : Directional sign and "Exit"

5.5.3 Special Direction Sign.

Every door, aisle, staircase which is not an exit and is placed or arranged so as to cause an
error, must be marked 'NOT EXIT'. The word “NOT” should be at least 5 cm high, 1 cm thick,
and the word 'EXIT' should be 2.5 cm high, where the word “EXIT" is placed under the word
"NOT".

Figure : 5.5.3.

5.5.4 Elevator Direction Sign.

Elevator is part of an exit facility that has direction signs with a minimum letter height of 1.6
cm in each elevator lobby;

Elevator direction signs are installed for:

a). direction signs indicating which elevators can be used for egress, including;

b). direction signs indicating the operating status of the elevator.

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5.6 Testing and Maintenance.

a). Egress signs must be checked every 30 days maximum.

b). Egress direction signs whose lighting is obtained from the battery as required in 5.4.5,
must be tested and maintained according to 5.6.a.

6 Hazard Warning System.

6.1 General.

6.1.1 The hazard warning system can also function as a sound reinforcement system
(public address)necessary to provide guidance to residents and guests as an evacuation or
rescue measure in an emergency. This is intended so that building occupants obtain
accurate and clear guidance information, and be assured that they are in reliable protection,
so that panic does not arise among those who could do harm.

6.1.2 The hazard warning system in question consists of:

a). Sound amplifier device.

b). Internal communication system.

6.2 Installation Location.

6.2.1. Hazard warning system and internal communication system, refer to

conditions that apply and must be installed:

a). In general, buildings with a height of less than 24 meters, except:

b). class 2 buildings that have a height of more than two layers and are used for:

1). the home part of the school, or

2). accommodation for the elderly, children or the disabled.

3). class 2 buildings used for the care of elderly people, unless:

(a). the alarm system immediately gives a warning to the officer, or:

(b). the alarm system has been set in such a way that it will not cause panic
and trauma, according to the patient's condition.

4). class 9a buildings with a floor area of more than 1,000 m22or a height of more than
two floors with the following arrangements:

(a). the system is designed to provide immediate alerts to officers.

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(b). in the treatment ward area, the alarm system is adjusted to the volume and content of
the message in order to minimize panic and trauma, according to the type and
condition of the patient.

5). class 9b building:

(a). for schools whose height is not more than three floors.

(b). for theater,hallpublic, or the like with a floor area of more than 1,000 m22
or more than two floors high.

6.2.2 Specifically, a hazard warning system shall be installed:

a). in buildings with a height between 24 meters to 60 meters;

1). enough regular sound system.

2). There should be a Fire Control Center available.

3). there should be a two-way communication system between the Fire Control
Center and each lobby for fire fighting.

b). on buildings with a height of more than 60 meters;

1). there should be a one-way communication system.

2). There should be a Fire Control Center available.

3). There must be a two-way communication system between the Fire Control Center
and the following areas:

(a). every lobby for fire fighting.

(b). any room that contains equipment for fire fighting, such as a pump room.

(c). every room that contains tools for smoke control.

(d). each elevator machine room.

(e). other rooms that may be required by the Fire Department.

c). For hotels and hospitals with a building height of less than 24 meters, must be
provided;

1). normal sound system.

2). loudspeakerfor announcements in every lobby, stairwell and other strategic

places, so that announcements can be heard in every part of the building.

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d). Buildings used for mixed occupancy (residential and commercial), the requirements in
points 6.2.2.a and 6.2.2.b apply if;

1). Commercial occupancy is only at the bottom of the building.

2). if a commercial dwelling is above a residential dwelling, then the requirements

in points 6.2.2.a and 6.2.2.b only apply if requested by the Fire Department.

6.3 Sound Intensity.

6.3.1 The sound that is sent must be strong enough to reach every point of occupancy.

6.3.2 The intensity of the sound should not be startling so that it can be irritating
panic.

6.3.3 The contents of the message must be soothing to residents, guiding and giving
precise and clear instructions, not confusing.

6.4 Fire Control Center.

6.4.1 One Fire Control Center shall be available other than at the request of the Agency
Fire Department, if the building has:

a). Fire elevator.

b). Voice communication system.

c). Smoke control system.

6.4.2 The size of the room for the Fire Control Center must be large enough to
installation of control devices and others, including fire hazard signal system devices (Fire
alarm), plus a work space of 6 m2. (see figure 6.4.2).

Figure 6.4.2 : The Central Fire Control Room seen from above.

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6.4.3 The location of the Fire Control Center should be located near the fire elevator lobby (see
figure 6.4.3).

Figure 6.4.3: Location of the Central Fire Control Room.

6.4.4 Construction, facilities and room lighting for the Control Center
Fires must comply with applicable regulations.

6.4.5 The Fire Control Center must have:

a). Backup power supply to run mechanical ventilation devices.

b). Separate ducting (separate from ducting for other rooms), see figure 6.4.5.

Figure 6.4.5 : Mechanical Ventilation in the Central Fire Control Room

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6.5 Radio Communications.

6.5.1 If requested by the Fire Department, then the basement must be available
Radio Communication Facility.

6.5.2 It must be located in a secure area such as a Control Center

Fire.

6.5.3 Frequency range : 470 ~ 490 MHz, unless otherwise specified by the party concerned
authorized.

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Appendix

Building classification.
The classification of a building or part of a building is determined based on the intended
function in the planning, implementation or changes required in the building.

A.1. Class 1 : Ordinary Residential Buildings.

one or more buildings which are:

a). Class 1a : Single Occupancy Building, in the form of :

1). one single house; or

2). one or more attached residential buildings, each building separated by a fire-
resistant wall, including a row house, garden house, town house unit, villa, or

b). Class 1b: Dormitory/boarding houses, guest houses, hostels,

or the like with a total floor area of less than 300 m2and are not permanently occupied by
more than 12 people,

and not located above or below another residential building or other class of building
other than a private garage.

A.2. Class 2 : Residential Buildings consisting of 2 or more Residential Units,

each of which is a separate residence.

A.3. Class 3: Residential Buildings Outside Class 1 or 2 Buildings,

commonly used as long-term or temporary residence by a number of unrelated people,

including:

a). hostel houses, guest houses, inns; or

b). the residential part of a hotel or motel; or

c). the residential part of a school; or

d). homes for the aged, disabled, or children; or

e). the residential part of a health care building housing its employees.

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A.4. Class 4 : Mixed Occupancy Buildings.

a residence that is in a class 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 building and is a residence in that building.

A.5. Class 5 : Office Buildings.

buildings used for professional business purposes, administrative arrangements, or

commercial business, other than class 6, 7, 8 or 9 buildings.

A.6. Class 6 : Trading Building.

shop buildings or other buildings used for the sale of goods in retail or for direct service to
the public, including:

a). dining room, cafe, restaurant; or

b). a dining room, bar, shop or kiosk as part of a hotel or motel; or

c). a place for hairdressing/salon, a public washing place; or

d). market, sales room, showroom, or workshop.

A.7. Class 7 : Storage/warehouse buildings.

buildings used for storage, including:

a). public parking lots; or

b). warehouse, or a place to display production goods for sale or clearance.

A.8. Class 8 : Laboratory/Industrial/Factory Buildings.

laboratory buildings and buildings that are used for the processing of a production,
assembling, changing, repairing, packing, finishing, or cleaning of production goods in the
framework of trade or sales.

A.9. Class 9 : Public Buildings.

Buildings used to serve the needs of the general public, namely:

a). Class 9a :health care buildings, including those parts of those buildings that are
laboratories.

b). Class 9b:meeting buildings, including workshops, laboratories or the like in

elementary or secondary schools, matters, buildings of worship, cultural buildings or
the like, but excluding any part of the building which is another class.

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A. 10. Class 10 : Non-residential buildings or structures.

a). Class 10a:non-residential building which is a private garage,carport,or similar.

b). Class 10b:Structures that are fences, bollards, antennas, retaining or freestanding
walls, swimming pools, or the like.

A. 11. Buildings not specifically classified.

Buildings or parts of buildings that are not included in the classification of buildings 1 to 10,
in this standard are meant with a classification that is close to its designation.

A. 12. Buildings whose use is incidental.

Parts of a building that are used incidentally and as long as they do not cause disturbance to
other parts of the building, are considered to have the same classification as the main
building.

A. 13. Plural Classification.

Buildings with multiple classifications are when several parts of the building must be
classified separately, and:

a). if the part of the building that has a different function does not exceed 10% of the floor
area of a building level, and is not a laboratory, the classification is the same as the main
classification;

b). class 1a, 1b, 9a, 9b, 10a, and 10b are separate classifications;

c). Processing rooms, engine rooms, elevator machine rooms, boiler rooms, or the like are
classified in the same way as the part of the building in which they are located.

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Bibliography

1 NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, 1997 edition, National Fire Protection Association.

2 Ron Cote, PE : Life Safety Code Handbook, National Fire Protection

Association.

3 Handbook on Fire Precautions in Buildings, 1997, Fire Safety Bureau, Singapore

Civil Defense Force.

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