which produces electricity.

(Bataan Nuclear
BUILDING UTILITIES
ELECTRICAL
Electricity – made up of atoms (electron, proton,
neutron)
Static Electricity – transfer of electrons from one
object to another, the charges are at rest
Dynamic Electricity – motion of Electrons, charges
are in motion
Direct Current (DC)
Electricity Classifications
 Flows in one direction
 Uniform in strength
 Battery/dry cell
Alternating current (AC) – reverse direction of
flow at regular intervals
 Reverses in direction
 Frequency: 60cps (60hertz)
 Phase: SP/3P
 230VAC, 60Hz, SP
Series Circuit – arrangement of component in an
Electrical Circuit
electric circuit in which the same current flows
through each component in turn w/o branching
Parallel Circuit – has two or more paths for current
to flow through
Voltage (volts) – EMF: pressure or force; voltmeter
Ohm’s Law
Electromotive Force (EMF) – force which causes
the movement of electricity in a conductor
Amperes (Amps) – inherent in wires (conductor);
Ammeter Ampacity – current carrying capacity
Ohms – friction; inherent in insulator/ohmmeter
Megger Test – method of testing making use of an
insulation tester resistance meter that will help to
verify the condition of electrical insulation
Power Plants
Power Plant, Morong, Bataan – 620 Megawatt)
Geothermal Power Plant – energy is accessed by
drilling water or steam wells in a process similar
to drilling for oil (Unified Leyte, Tongonan, Leyte
– 538 Megawatt)
Biomass Power Plant – wood wate or other waste
is burned to produce steam that runs a turbine to
make electricity (Universal Robina Corporation,
Kabankalan, Negros Occidental – 46 Megawatt
Fossil Fuel Power Plant – a power station which
burns a fossil fuel such as coal, natural gas or
petroleum to produce electricity.
Coal Power Plant - the most abundant fossil fuel
on the planet and widely used as the source of
energy in thermal power stations (Sual Coal
Power Plant, Sual, Pangasinan – 1294 Megawatt)
Natural Gas – naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas
mixture consisting primarily of methane but
commonly including varying amounts of other
higher alkanes and sometimes a small percentage
of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide or
helium (Ilijan, Batangas City – 1200 Megawatt)
Oil Based – oil fired power plant (Malaya,
Pililia,Rizal – 650 Megawatt)
Photovoltaic – method of converting solar energy
into direct current electricity using semiconducting
materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect.
(Helios, Cadiz City, Negros, Occidental – 132
Megawatt)
Wind Turbine – power captures the natural wind in
our atmosphere and converts it into mechanical
energy then electricity (Burgos Wind, Burgos, Ilocos
Norte – 150 Megawatt)
Chemical Energy – the potential of a chemical
substance to undergo transformation through a
chemical reaction to transform other substances.
Primary – nonrenewable. Secondary – rechargeable.

Sources of Energy
Hydroelectric Power Plant – capture the energy of Energy Path
falling water to generate electricity. A turbine
Transformer – a static electrical device that transfer
converts the kinetic energy of falling water into
electrical energy between two or more circuit
mechanical energy. Then a generator converts the
through electromagnetic induction, Transformer
mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical
Rating; stepped up/stepped down.
energy. (Kalayaan Pump Storage Power Plant,
Kalayaan, Laguna – 736 Megawatt)
Outdoor Transformer
Cluster mounted – 225 kva
Nuclear Power Plant – a thermal power station in
which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is  residential
typical in all conventional thermal power stations
the heat is used to generate steam which drives a
steam turbine connected to an electric generator
H-frame – 1000 kva

Transformer

 subdivision
Pad mounted – 120v to
240v
 avoid yung linya sa taas
Indoor Transformer
Dry Type – pad mounted; switchboard, a type of
transformer which never uses any insulating liquid
where it is winding or core are immerged in
liquid. Rather, the windings and core are kept
within a sealed tank that is
pressurized with air. Also
known as cast resin
transformer, are power
transformer with winding
encased in epoxy resin. This
makes the installation process
easier because they are dry and do not require
cooling oil. Plus, they do not need to be contained
in a fire proof vault.
Oil insulated – for transformer vault – higher
ratings
Service Entrance
Service Entrance (SE – Aerial) Service Drop
 Power supplied to a building through a service
entrance
 3 heavy wires (drop), extend from utility pole
overhead wires are fastened to the structure and
spliced to service entrance wires that enter a
conduit through a service head
 Rigid conduit is used
Underground Service Entrance – Service Lateral
 3 wires are placed in a rigid conduit
 An underground service conduit is brought to the
meter socket
 Includes a watt-hour meter, main breaker,
lightning protection
Auxiliary Equipment
Generator – a device that converts motive power
into electrical power for use in an external circuit
MTS – Manual Transfer Switch
ATS – Automatic Transfer Switch
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) – an
electrical apparatus that provide emergency power to
load when the input power source or main power
fails
Rotary Converters
Inverter – an electronic device or circuitry that
changes direct current to alternating current
Rectifier – an electrical device that converts
alternating current which periodically reverse
direction to direct current which flows in only one
direction
Voltage Regulator and Protector
Auto Voltage Regulator – device designed to
regulate voltage automatically to take a fluctuating
voltage level an turn it into a constant voltage level
Power Handling Enclosure
Surge Protector – an appliance or device designed
to protect electrical devices from voltage spikes.
Switch Gear – the combination of electrical
disconnect switches, fuses or circuit breakers used to
control, protect and isolate electrical equipment
Switch Board – a device that directs electricity from
one or more sources of supply to several smaller
regions of usage. It is an assembly of one or more
panels, each of which contains switches that allow
electricity to be redirected
Panel Board / Distribution Board – component of
an electricity supply system that divides an electrical
power feed into subsidiary circuit while providing a
protective fuse or circuit breaker for each circuit in a
common enclosure
Appliance Branch Circuit -Supplies outlets
Branch Circuit
intended for feeding appliances.
Min wire size: 5.5 sq.mm – 10 AWG
Individual Branch Circuit - designed to supply a
single specific item
Min wire size: 5.5 sq.mm – 10 AWG
General Purpose Branch Circuit – supplies outlets
for lighting and appliances, including convenience
receptacles
Min wire size: 2.0 sq.mm – lighting outlet – 14
AWG
3.5 sq.mm – power outlet –
Overcurrent Protective Device
Overcurrent – excess current is a situation where a
larger than intended electric current exists through a
conductor, leading to excessive generation of heat,
and the risk of fire or damage to equipment
Fuse – an overcurrent protective device with a
circuit opening fusible element which opens when
there is an overcurrent in the circuit
Circuit Breaker – a switch that automatically
interrupts an electric circuit to prevent excess
current from damaging apparatus in a circuit or
from causing a fire
 Bolt on type
 Plug-in
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter or GFCI – fast
acting circuit breaker designed to shut off electric
power in the event of a ground fault within as little
as 1/40 of a second. It works by comparing the
amount of current going to and returning from
equipment along the circuit conductors.
Residual Current Device – is a life saving device
which is designed to prevent you from getting a
fatal electric shock if you touch something live,
such as a bare wire. It can also provide some
protection against electrical fires. RCD offer a
level of personal protection that ordinary fuses and
circuit breakers cannot provide.
Safety Switch (also known as a “disconnect
switch” or “ load breaker switch”) – serves
multiple purposes, but its primary functions are to
function as a disconnect means for a service
entrance and a disconnect means and fault
protection for motors (heavy machinery)
National Electrical Manufacturers
Association (NEMA) Enclosures
NEMA – standard used in North America for
various grades of Electrical Enclosures typically
used in industrial applications. Each is rated to
protect against personal access to hazardous parts
and additional type dependent designated
environmental conditions
Enclosure
Designed and Intended use
Type
Indoor use primarily to provide a
1 degree of protection against limited
amounts of falling dirt
Indoor use primarily to provide a
2 degree of protection against limited
amounts of falling dirt an water
Outdoor use primarily to provide a
degree of protection against rain,
3
sleet, windblown dust and damage
from external ice formation
Outdoor use primarily to provide a
degree of protection against rain,
3R
sleet, and damage from external ice
formation
Outdoor use primarily to provide a
degree of protection against rain,
3S sleet, windblown dust and to provide
for operation of external mechanisms
when ice laden
Indoor or outdoor use primarily to
provide a degree of protection
4
against windblown dust and rain,
splashing water, hose directed
Indoor or outdoor use primarily to
provide a degree of protection
against corrosion, windblown dust
4x
and rain, splashing water, hose
directed water and damage from
external ice formation
Indoor use primarily to provide a
degree of protection against settling
5
airborne dust, falling dirt and
dripping non corrosive liquids
Indoor or outdoor use primarily to
provide a degree of protection again
hose directed water and the entry of
6
water during occasional temporary
submersion at a limited depth and
damage from external ice formation
Indoor use in locations classified as
Class 1, Division 1, Groups A, B, C
or D hazardous locations as defined
7
in the National Electric Code (NFPA
70) (commonly referred to as
explosion proof)
Indoor or outdoor use in locations
classified as Class 1, Division 2,
Groups A, B, C, or D hazardous
8
location as defined in the National
Electric Code (NFPA 70) (commonly
referred to as oil immersed)
Indoor or outdoor use in locations
classified as Class 1, Division 2,
Groups A, B, C, or D hazardous
9
location as defined in the National
Electric Code (NFPA 70) (commonly
referred to as dust ignition –proof)
Intended to meet the applicable
10 requirements of the Mine Safety and
Health Administration
Indoor use primarily to provide
12 and degree of protection against
12k circulating dust, falling dirt and
dripping non corrosive liquids
13 Indoor use primarily to provide a
 degree of protection against dust,
spraying of water oil and non-
corrosive coolant
Conductor – an object or type of material that allow
the flow of electrical current in one or more
directions.
 Gold, Silver – Best
 Copper, Aluminum – Good
 Steel, Iron, other metals – Fair
Insulator – a material whose internal electric
charges do not flow freely
 Glass, Porcelain, Dry Wood, Paper, Plastic,
Rubber – Good
Wires – a single, usually cylindrical, flexible strand
or rod of metal
Cables - made of two or more wire running side by
side and bonded, twisted or braided together to form
a single assembly, the ends of which can be
connected to two devices, enabling the transfer of
electrical signal from one device to the other
Busbar – a metallic strip or bar, typically housed
inside switchgear, panel boards and busway
enclosures for local high current power distribution.
Mineral Insulated (MI) jacketed – cable consists
of copper or thermocouple wire inside a copper,
stainless steel or Inconelr sheath, insulated by packed
minerals such as magnesium oxide. The mineral
insulations available provide excellent high
temperature dielectric strength to ensure signals are
carried faithfully to the instrumentation or controls
 Doesn’t deteriorate with age
 High current capacity
 Overcome the over load and short circuit
 Fire resistant
 Can be exposed
Shielded Non-Metallic Sheated cable (SNM) –
telecommunication/submarine cable, a type of
covered electrical wire consisting of at least two
insulated conductors and one bare conductor used in
residential wiring
Flat Cable Assemblies (FC) – system furniture
application/cable management
Conduit – a tube for protecting electric wiring
Conduits
Non Metallic; PVC
Rigid

Wires and Cables

Flexible
Service Entrance Cable (aerial or underground) –
contains wires that are made of copper. The cable
contains three wires, two of which are insulated in
different colors while the last one is completely bare
for easy identification. The two insulated wires are
the primary transmitter of electrical power while the Mica Tube –
bare or the neutral wire serves to support or insulating a broad
neutralize the other two wires. These wires are then range of electrical
covered with rubber or plastic. appliances, along
with their use in
UF – B Cable (underground feeder) – this cable electrical motors and
comes in the standard circuit sizes of 14awg through smelt furnaces,
6 awg and come in 2 or 3 conductors plus a ground exceptionally high
wire. The ground is bare copper but the UF – B heat resistance, rigid
jacket is very strong and can handle the underground mica tubes also provide excellent electrical
abuse. insulation properties, insulation sleeve in
hairdryer, air blower, hot gun and many
Flexile Armored (AC) – also BX or Greenfield equipment device
cable, use both in exposed and concealed work
Metallic
Metal Clad (MC) – factory assembled cable w/ two
or more insulated conductors, used for services Rigid Steel Conduit
feeders, either concealed or exposed for indoor or
outdoor use.

Non Metallic Sheathed Cable (NMC/NM) –

Romexr is the brand name for non-metallic building
wire made by south wire that is widely used by
professional electricians and DIYers alike. Romex is
used for many common household electrical projects
like outlet and lights.
 Outlet – a point on a wiring system at which current
is taken to supply an electric device
Intermediate
Metal Conduit Receptacle – a device to which any plug in
extension line, appliance or device can be connected

Convenience outlet – usually mounted on a wall

and housing one or more receptacles for portable
lamps and appliances

Electric Metallic
Tubing (EMT)

Flexible Metal
Conduit (FMC)

Lamp holder – surface mounted fixtures, flush or

recessed fixtures, lighting fixtures special purpose
Raceway receptacles

Raceway – an enclosed conduit that forms a

physical pathway for electrical wiring Switch

Floor Raceway + Ceiling Raceway Switch – a device for making, breaking or directing
Underfloor raceway – conventional installation an electric current
Cellular metal floor raceway – rib decking/raised
floor system Toggle Switch – a switch in
Cellular concrete floor raceways – t-joist precast which a lever or knob, moving
concrete slab with built in pipes through in as small arc.

Cable Tray – an open wire way used to support

insulated electrical cables used for power
distribution, control and communication Knife switch – form of air
switch in which a hinged
Cable Bus – most often compared to non-segregated copper blade is placed
phase bus duct and cable tray. In both indoor and between two contacts
outdoor installations of low to medium voltage
(600v.69kv) high amperage (1000a – 8000a) power
distribution systems, cable bus provides a more
reliable, cost effective, flexible and maintenance free
power distribution system than either cable tray or
bus duct Key switch – operated only
by a key
Utility Box – outlets, switches
Junction Box – joining, splicing

Pull box – facilitates pulling

Rocker Switch – activated

by “rocking” a flat, broad
lever
Dimmer Switch – device for regulating the intensity
of an electric light w/o appreciably affecting spatial
distribution

Photoelectric
Switch – a device
that is turn off by
the presence or
absence of light

Push button Switch

Keycard Switch – has circuit

breakers, timer and magnetic
contractor to effectively
operate