Physical Education (P.
E) Article XIV, section 19, 1986 Constitution of
It is the interdisciplinary study of all area of
science relating to the transmission of physical
knowledge and skills to an individual or a group,
the application of these skills, and their skills.
It can also be viewed as a program of activities
in a school curriculum that involves sports,
games, dance, gymnastics, and recreational
activities. Great emphasis is placed on motor
skills, fitness, health, recreation and safety. It is
the vital and integral part of general education
designed to promote the optimum
development of individual physically, socially,
emotionally, and mentally through total body
movement in the performance of properly
selected physical activities.
(Wunderlich 1967)
The newer and modern concept is that it is
education through physical activities states
that: It provides sensory data, it broadens the
perceptive horizon, it stimulates function and
structure of all bodily organs.
LEGAL BASIS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Article 1 of the International Charter of
Physical Education and Sports, UNESCO, Paris,
1978 and Recommendation 1, Disciplinary
Regional Meeting of Experts on Physical
Education, UNESCO, Brisbane Australia. 1982.
1. The practice of Physical Education and Sports
is a fundamental right for all.”
2. “And this right should not be treated as
different in principle from the right to adequate
food, shelter, and medical care”
the Republic of the Philippines
1. The state shall promote Physical Education
and encourage sports programs, league
competitions, and amateur sports including
training for international competition to foster
self-discipline, teamwork, and excellence for
the development of a healthy and alert
citizenry.
2. All educational institution shall undertake
regular sports activities throughout the country
and in cooperation with athletic club and other
sectors.
PURSPOSE AND OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL
EDUCATION:
The school’s PE program should seek to develop
in each student the ability to:
1. Perform and enjoy a variety of physical
activities with understanding.
A balanced PE program comprising concepts
and skills development are necessary to lay a
strong foundation for participation in daily
activities, intra- mural games and recreational
pursuits. Developing proficiency in physical
activities helps students to channel their desire
for play into constructive outcomes. Their
interests will be extended as they attain a
broader range of movement skills and concepts
from which they can derive greater satisfaction.
2. Develop and maintain physical health and
fitness through regular participation in physical
activities.
Physical health and fitness enable students to
carry out their daily talks with vigor, and still
leave them with sufficient energy to pursue and
enjoy leisure activities. A high level of physical
health and fitness usually indicates optimum
physical and mental well-being. Students with
abundant vitality are often physically and
mentally alert, and socially well-adjusted. Hence
physical well-being helps to promote the
academic attainment of students. A long-term
objective of the PE program is to enable
students to maintain a good level of fitness
throughout their lives.
3. Demonstrate positive self-esteem through
body awareness and control.
Body awareness and control are developed
through movement activities where students
use their bodies to express their ideas, attitudes
and emotions. Through these movement
experiences, they learn about their abilities and
limitations. This knowledge is vital in the motor
skill acquisition and the development of positive
self-esteem.
4. Understand and apply thinking skills in PE
The PE program provides students with
opportunities to engage in decision- making and
problem-solving situation. Such opportunities
help students to develop thinking skills such as
organizing and evaluating; focusing and
remembering; generating and integrating;
inferring and analyzing; decision- making; and
creative problem solving.
5. Demonstrate the spirit of fair play,
teamwork and sportsmanship
Opportunities for interaction during PE lessons
serve to develop in student’s social qualities
such as courtesy, sportsmanship, co-operation,
teamwork, loyalty and consideration for others.
Some competitive sports and games may create
emotionally charged situations. Under such
circumstances, students should be taught to
manage their emotions and express themselves
in socially acceptable ways. Teachers are in an
excellent position help students discover the
difference between acceptable and
unacceptable sports behaviors.
6. Acquire safe practices during physical
activities
Safe practices are fundamental to the
participation and enjoyment of physical activity.
Students should also be made aware of the
common sense safety rules and considerations
to reduce potentially dangerous or threatening
situations. This will enable students to play
safely and acquire an awareness of safely with
respect to themselves and others.
VALUES AND HEALTH BENEFITS OF PHYSICAL
EDUCATION
In the field of physical education, concept of
fitness has implications for the following:
1. Physical Fitness – (the acquisition of physical
skills).An individual who participate actively will:
a. Develop muscular strength, endurance,
flexibility, and enhances proper growth of
bones.
b. Improve blood circulation and efficiency of
the lungs to supply oxygen.
c. Improve the functioning of body tissues.
d. Help control body weight and develops
firmer body contour.
e. Reduces fatigue at the end of the day.
f. Enhances work, recreation, and performance.
g. Improve posture and body mechanics.
2. Social Fitness – (Building/maintaining
harmonious relationships) development of
desirable social traits needed for adjustment to
social life in general. Some worthwhile traits
are: friendliness, cooperation, respect for rights
of others, and good sportsmanship.
3. Emotional Fitness – (emotionally stable)
promotes greater confidence, and improves
self-worth. Some worthwhile traits are: self-
control, self-reliance, courage, and
determination.
4. Mental Fitness – (cognitive function) ability
to recognize realistic solution to any problem.
Some worthwhile traits are: good in reasoning
and judgement.
Physical fitness
It is a combination of medical fitness (body
soundness) and dynamic fitness (capacity in
action). A physically fit person is free from
disease and can move and perform efficiently.
Another factor is emotional factor. This is
readily apparent in athletic contests, where
good performance requires self-discipline,
effective teamwork, and the ability to remain
calm under stress.
FACTORS TO CONSIDER IN SELECTING
PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES
A person’s physical fitness is determined by
such factors as age, heredity and behavior.
Health habits that aid physical fitness include
getting enough sleep, eating properly,
receiving regular medical and dental care, and
maintaining personal cleanliness. Overeating
and eating the wrong kinds foods; smoking;
and drug abuse, including excessive use of
alcohol, can harm health. Harmful health habits
can undo the results of regular exercises.
COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS
1. Aerobic Capacity / Cardiovascular Endurance
– it is the ability of the heart, lungs, and blood
vessels to supply oxygen and nutrients to the
working muscles efficiently in order to sustain
prolonged rhythmical exercises. The ability to
deliver and utilize oxygen is an indicator of a
healthy heart. Research shows that individuals
who can use large amounts of oxygen during
maximal exercise (VO2max) have strong hearts,
normal blood pressures, and decreased risk for
heart disease and diabetes.
Activity Test or example activity: 1-kilometer
Run/Walk
2. Muscular Strength -it is the ability of the
muscle to generate the greatest force. One
repetition maximum is the heaviest load that
can be lifted in one repetition. A good strength
level protects an individual from severe injuries
when he/she slips or falls.
Activity Test or example activity: Weight Lifting
3. Muscular Endurance – it is the ability of the
muscle to resist fatigue when performing
multiple repetitions of a submaximal load. It can
also refer to the period of time in which a
muscle is able to hold a contraction. Muscular
endurance is needed to deter injuries that
commonly occur when the individual is tired.
Activity Test or example activity: Abdominal
Curls-ups and Push-ups.
4. FLEXIBILITY – it is the ability to move joint
without pain over its entire range of motion. It
is affected by the structure of the joint and the
muscles surrounding the joint. These factors
deteriorate over time and leads to chronic pain
as an individual becomes older. An adequate
degree of flexibility is important to prevent
injury and to maintain body mobility. It can be The health-related component of fitness
greatly improved by stretching. includes:

Activity Test or example activity: Sit and Reach
and Truck Forward Flexion.
5. BODY COMPOSITION – it refers to the total
make-up of the body using the concept of two
component model: the lean body mass and the
body fat. It is often reported as the ration of fat
mass with the overall body mass. Many non-
communicable diseases are associated with
obesity or having too much fat especially
around the abdominal area.
Activity Test or example activity: Waist
Circumference.
BODY MASS INDEX
Refers to the measurements of one’s weight
relative to one’s height.
1. Speed – the ability to perform a movement
or cover a certain distance in a short period of
time.
2. Reaction Time – the amount of time to move
once you realize the need to act.
3. Agility – the ability to change the position of
one’s body quickly and to control one’s body
movements.
4. Balance – the ability to maintain equilibrium
while you are stationary or moving.
5. Coordination - the ability to use the body
parts and senses together to produce smooth
and efficient movements.
6. Power – the product of strength and speed.

Formula for computing:

Body Mass (In Kilograms)

Height (in meter squared )2

By knowing your BMI, you will know whether

you are underweight, of normal weight,
overweight, or obese.

Less than 15 Starvation

15.0 - 18.5 Underweight

18.5 - 24.9 Normal

25.0 - 29.9 Overweight

30.0 - 40.0 Obese

Greater than 40 Morbidly Obese