Hetion 5 (2019) 01705, ELSEVIER, Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Heliyon Heliyon journal homepage: ww heliyon.com Experimental investigation on convective heat transfer and pressure drop of cone helically coiled tube heat exchanger using carbon nanotubes/ [sas water nanofluids K. Palanisamy®, P.C. Mukesh Kumar” 2M Kumaran Cae of Bering Kane, 63911, Tomidy, ni Lineal Clie of EhnriDital 123, Tana ns ARTICLE INFO ApsTRAcT owas Nscitonlogy ‘This sty investigates he heat transfer and the presure drop of cone helically cole tube heat exchanger wing (Out al earbon nano tube) MWCNT/waternanofuds. The MWCNI/waternapotuds at 0.1%, 0.9, and (0.59% patce volume concentrations were prepared with the addition of surfectatby using the two-step metod The tts were conducted under the turbulent ow lathe Dean number range of 2200 < De < 4200, The ex peraents were conducted with experimental Nuseet umber is 20%, 52% and 6M higher than water for the anofluids volume conecration of 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% respectively Is found that the pressure drop of 0.19%, (0.39% and 0.5% nanofuis are Found tobe 16%, 30% and 42% respectively higher than water. Its stadie that the prepared MCNT/ater nanofuds show good sbily even ater 45 days of preparation and there is no considerable deposit of nanotubes onthe tube Inner wall Is ao studled that there Is no immediate risk of handing MWCNT and studied that tere is no significant erosion of coiled tbe inner wal surface even ater several est rns. Therefore the MINCNT/srternanofuids are the alterate heat tansr fide for traditional ‘uid inthe cone helically coed tube eat exchanger to improve the hea transfer with considerable pressure cop. 1. Introduction ‘The performance of the heat exchanger i enhanced by improving the heat transfer coefiient and this enhancement, in ation, reduces the heat exchangers size which ithe ericial requiement in meeting out the ‘cooling demand, In general heat transfer enhancement techniques can be ‘grouped into active and passive techniques. The ative technique needs ‘extemal forees and passive group needs a special surface geometric face ‘or fluids additives and various tube insert. Ciled tube configuration i ‘widely used in industries euch as poner plants, nuclear reactors, refi eration and air-conditioning systems, heat recovery systems, chemical processing, pharmaceutical industries and soon, The coiled tube isof two {ypes namely helical coed and spiral coiled tube, As reported by Dean (1, the centrifugal fore induces the generation of secondary low which makes proper mixing of fluids particles in a helically coiled rube that improves the physical contact between the tube area and the Mus. This also provides better mixing of the Auids which results inthe improve ‘ment ofthe temperature gradient. Prabhanjan etal. [2] observed that the © Corresponding autho. ‘mal adres pesteshbumart975qgmaicom (PC Mukesh Kum. hups://doLorg/10:1016/ lyon 2019.c01705 heat transfer coefficient in a helical coil tube is higher than that of a similar geometry of straight tubes. Saimpour [3 conducted an exper ‘mental analysis study the overall heat transfer coefficient of a shell and helical coil heat exchanger with water. Its reported that the Nusselt number corelation and the analysis show that there isa difference in heat transfer rate with variation in the coil tube pitch. Purandare et al [4] investigated the effect of changing the tube angle on Nusselt number lina cone shaped helically coed tube. Srinivasan eta. [5] experimen: tally carried out the heat transfer rate, fiction factor analysis and revealed the critical Reynolds number Reg. in bend pipes. Sheikholeslami {6] numerically analysed the effect of magnetic force offerrofluks onthe exergy and entropy generation of porous media. Revealed that the exergy «drops with reduced magnetic fore and the entropy generation inerease. Sheikholeslami et al. [7] investigated the application of cwo nano: particles in energy storage efficiency ina V shaped fin. They found that the discharge rate is enhanced with increasing V shaped fin and Cuo nanoparticles. Sheikholeslami (8) worked on the flow of magneto hy- Arodynamic ALO; ~ water nanofid in a porous medium by using Received 22 November 2018; Received in revised form 9 April 2019; Accepted 8 May 2019 2405 8440/0 2019 The Authors. Published by Hever Lid. This an open aces article under the CC BY.NC-ND license (p//reatiecommons.ore/lcense/by coe.300 200 3s £ 2 & 100 ° ety $2019) 1705 15 20 25 30 36 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 2 theta values Fig. 1. XRD per of MWCNT nanoparticles lnnovative numerical approaches. The results showed thatthe convec- tion heat transer detracts with increasing magnetic forces. Sheikho- leslami etal. (9} applied neural network fr estimating hea transfer of ‘N03/#,0 nanofluid in a duct. 1s found that the heat transfer inereases by increasing nanoparticles concentration. Sheikholeslami et al. (10) numerically studied the MHD generative heat transfer porous medium. ‘The viscosity and thermal conductivity of alumina were predicted by ‘considering Brownian motion and shape of nanoparticles numerically. ‘Shirvan et al [11] studied the optimization of mixed convection in ‘ventilated square cavity filled with nanofluid. They found thatthe Nus selt umber decreases by increasing the Richardson number and volume ‘concentration. Ella etal (12| carried out the particle shape effects on Marangoni convection boundary layer flow of @ nanoffuids with the blend of numerical and analytical studies. They suggested that the Interface velocity reduces by inreasing particle volume fraction and the spherical shape is better for heat transfer point view. Bhatti etal. [1] smathematically dealt with combined effect of heat and mass transfer on MHD peristaltic propulsion of two phase low through a porous medium. “They suggested that the heat and mass transfer in porous medium has ‘more potential usage in two ~ phase low. The heat transfer rates and flow behovirous of AlsOs/water nanofluid is a porous medium has been investigated elaborately by Ellahi etal. (14). They found that the kero sene-Al,O; nano fluid has potential use for thrust chamber regenerative ‘cooling in semi eryogenie rocket engine a they have enhanced the thermal properties, ahi et al. (15) suggested that the Bejan number ‘decreases when iis greater than one. Aagib Majeed ct al. (16) invest gated the two dimensional boundary layer flow and heat transfer behavior of ferromagnetic fluid flow in a strecting sheet with suction. “They reported the pressure profile and skin frition coefficient improves with inereasing the ferromagnetic interaction parameter. Ahmed zeeshan ‘tal. [17] carried out the analysed on the peristaltic transport of MHD Jeffrey uid by taking Hartmann number, relaxation time and volume fraction, aroog hussain etal. [18] mathematically modeled the Electro [MHD multiphase flow of Hafnium nanoparticles. They concluded that their model may be used to design and engineer for nozzle and difuser type of injector of automobiles. heh et al. [19] worked on the elec troosmoti low of MHD power law AlsO, -PVC nanoflud ina horizontal ‘channel. They revealed that the skin frietion decreases withthe inrease of electroosmotic parameter with decrease Nusselt number. Hassan etal. [20] analysed the convective heat transfer of nanofluid in a porous me- dium over wavy surface. They proposed that the heat transfer coeiient increases by increasing nanoparticles concentration and reduces the Now velocity. The trend of working on the hybrid nanofluid is picking up ‘momentum to analyses the hydro thermal characterization in applying the heat exchanger. Bahirac tal. (21 applied a novel hybrid nanofluid containing graphene ~ platinum nanoparticles in twisted geometry in a miniature devices. They proposed that the heat transfer and pumping Power in the channel increase by increasing pressure drop and Dean ‘number. The ratio of heat transfer tothe power inthe chaotic ehanne! is grater than 1.5. Bahiraei et al (22) numerically inverted the hydro thermal and energy efficiency ofa hybrid nanofuids (graphene ~ plat {num nanofluid) in a tube connected by twisted tapes. They have taken the twisted angle, twin co ~ twisted tape and counter twisted tape for co-switlng flows recommended to use the counter twisted tapes with higher twisted ratio to enhance the heat transfer with reduced energy consumption. Bahirael et al. 23} carried out the research work on applying the graphene ~nanoplatelet~ platinum composite powder in a tripe tube heat exchanger fitted with inserted ribs. They suggested that the greater rib height and smaller sib pitch at more particle volume concentration lead to enhance heat transfer. Bahiaci etal [24] opt ‘mized the thermo hydraulic performance of min pin heat sink of cooling Df electronic processor by eco-friendly graphene nanoplatelets and ‘nanofuid. They observed that adding nanoparticles improves the cooling effect, however the pressure drop and pumping power do not show sig nificant variation, They recommended to employ the nanofluidat higher concentration in the heat sink. Bahirac etal, (25) erivally revived the tletronic cooling wth nanofluis by considering liquid block, numerical approach, nanoparticle material energy consumption and second law of thermodynamies as primary aspects. They suggested thatthe diferent liquid biocks and heat pipes improve the electronic eooling technique ‘They presented heat transfer Mids have limited thermal energy man agement capacity to face higher cooling demand. More than a decade the research on applications of the nano materials and nanofluids, have picked up momentum among the researchers. In particular, the existing cooling uids have been tried to replace with the nanofluid co solve the hurdles faced by the existing conventional eat transfer Nuids. Chot (25)ety $2019) 1705 Fig. 2. TEM image of MWENT/waternanofii introduced a new traditional heat transfer fluids with 1-100 nm sized suspended nanoparticles in the base uids and suggested that the nanofluid has a better thermal performance when compared with water. Ding et al. (27) analyzed the effective thermal conductivity of MENT. and observed thatthe thermal conductivity of MWCNT inereases with increase in temperature and volume concentration of MWCNT dispersed with Gum Arabie asa surfactant, Kumaresan etal (28) investigated the theemophysical properties of MWENT water-ethylene glycol mixture based nanoflids with SDBS asa surfactant. The maximum enhancement ‘of thermal conductivity was 19.75% at 0.45 vol%6 MWCNT. Das eta {29} ealeulated the theemal conductivity of nanofluids with ALO, nanoparticles and studied the result of base fluid on the thermal con ‘ductivity, Wen et a. [30] observed that the convective heat transfer ‘characteristics of Al;Os nanoparticle with water are improved in the laminar flow condition. Ie i suggested thatthe convective heat transfer ‘characteristics are enhanced with Reynolds number as well as particle volume concentration. Suresh ct al. (31 presented the convective heat transfer and frietion factor characteristics of plain and helically dimpled under turbulent flow by Cuo water-based nanofluids. AC high volume ‘concentration, the heat transfer rate enhances with aa inrease in Nusselt number. Wang etal. [32) investigated the hea transfer and pressure drop ‘of working fluids as water-based CNT nanofluds ina circular tube as a horizontal postion. They concluded that the enhancement of average convective heat transfer inereases wit inerease in volume concentration of nanoparticles at constant Reynolds number. Kumar etal (33) studied the heat transfer and pressure rp in helically coed tubo heat transfer working fd as AIO; nanofluids under a turbulent low region. The increase n heat transfer cocficents and pressure drop are enhanced with increasing the particle concentration, Fsadai et al. (24) critically reviewed and summarized the two-phase heat transfer behaviour in a helically coiled rube heat exchanger. They reported that the work on the effect of nanofids onthe coiled tube is limite. 4s studied fom the literature thatthe research report onthe effect of rnanofiuids on thermal and flow performances of cone helically tube exchanger are very les, in particular the experimental work on. cone helically coiled tube with MWNT/ water is very limited. Therefore this experimental work deals withthe study of thermal an flow behaviour of MWCNT/Water nanofuids in helically cone coed tube heat exchanger. 2, Materials & methods ‘The dry and aggregated MWCNTs have been purchased from Nano: structured & Amorphous Materials, Ine. Houston, TEXAS and USA. The purchased MWCNTS have been studied by XRD (Rigaku Curkay X-ray Fig. 3. Photograph of MINCIT/water nanos 45 days after preparation,ety $2019) 1705 Fig 4. Cone helically coiled tubs Adjsing vale Nano storage tank ig. 5. Line diagram of experimental sup. Differtometer), The average CNT dimensions are found to be between 50-80 mm (the error is within the limit of -Snm) using XRD pattern of nanoparticles Fig. 1, The MWCNT water-based nanofluids have been prepared by using the two-step method. Ghadimi et al. (35) suggested thatthe two-step method gives higher stability and low agglomeration with a better nanostructure, The MWCNT water-based nanofluids have been synthesized at 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, volume concentration. The ‘morphological characters of MWCNT in base fuid nanofluid are obtained by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEMD as shown in Fig. 2. TEM Image clearly illustrates thatthe MWCNT core is hollow with multiple layers almost parallel to the MWNT axis. Garg tal. [36] investigated the effect of changing the ultrasonication trimmings on heat transfer characteristics of MWCNTY/ water nanofiuids They reported from their experimental work that the maximum heat transfer enhancement is obtained at 40 minutes ultrasonication. In this work, the required amount of MWCNT is taken and diffused in purified ‘desig ae Fig 6. Photograph ofthe experimental sup.ety $2019) 1705 ‘able ‘Table2 Dimensions of coe col tube “Taermophyscl properties of MWWCNTS one ail age See CT nnepowder one er tie dete (4) aaem — Cine ter tbe dane) ‘en Diane of bel naan ra cons the lenth ofecat room Outer dancer S040 mm Going ce gh item ie 10.209 one i dancer oaem SpeciteSuiae 240mg ‘edemiy 2 gent water with the Ultrasonic bath (Citizen, tndia) generating Ultrasonic Patty oom pulses 110 W at 40 +5 kits and it set on for fve hours for easy and Therm 300 Wk uniform dispersion which lead to having more stability. In this work the TabtMY (0.1 vol % of Sodium dodecylbenzene solfonates Surfactant is added (0 have more stability. From the Fig. 3. It i observed that the nano: structures are stable without any agglomeration and found uniformly dispersed. From the observation, it is noted that there is no significant settlement of nanoparticles even after 45 days of the static condition of nanofluid are shown in Fig. 3. Kumaresan et al. (28) presented the So: dium dodecylbenzenesolfonates (SDES) as surfactant gives long-standing stability of nanotubes. 3. Experimental ig, 4 shows the image of the test section. Figs. Sand 6 show the line ‘diagram and photograph of the experimental setup. The experimental ‘setup has two loops. The fist one is cone helically coiled tube side which hhandles nanofluids. The second loop isthe shel side which handles hot water. The second loop is connected with a storage vessel with size of Sem > 15em x 15cm, witha heater 2KW capacity, magnetic pump and thermostat. Cane coiled tube loop side is connected with a manobloe pump with 0.5 hp power, valve to control the flow on tube side, test section, coling unit and storage vessel of six-lter capacity. The straight tube with fine sand is bent to have the conical shape with the help of ‘wooden conical shape. The use of fine sand in the tube is due to avotd the flattening ofthe copper tube while bending. The shell material is Stain less Steel and the cone tube is copper. The thermostat is used t0 cuts in ‘and cus off the heater. The inlet and outlet temperature are recorded by the fitted four K- type Thermocouples with the accuracy of 0.1 °C. The flow entry effect i avoided by using the calming section, Utube mercury manometer fitted across the tube with accuracy of Imm. The cooling unit of nanofluids handles water as cooling medium, The shell outer surface is covered with asbestoses tape to reduce heat los. Flow control Js done with the valve and the hot water from the tube is cooled by a ‘cooling unit. Table 1 presents the geometry of cone coiled tube used for this experimental work Sk. Experimentation A frst, water is supplied to check the experimental setup to check the leakages through the ftins. After checking, the ordinary water is passed through the tube side and hot water isallowed through the shell side. The ‘experimental ests have been condeted under constant wall temperature consitons of wall surfaces, turbulent flow and counter flow condition ‘The flow rate is varied and the corresponding readings are recorded Similarly, the nanofluids are supplied through the tube side and hot water is allowed to shell side. The experiment is allowed to run for 30 ‘minutes to attain the steady sate condition, The corresponding reading is recorded, The nanoflids of 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% volume concentrations supplied for cone helically coiled tube and hot waters supplied tothe shell side, The mass low rate ofthe shell side is maintained constant (015 kg/sce). The rate of flow is recorded manually by collecting the ‘Bud inthe jar and the stopwatch. The flow rate of the cane tube which handles: nanoflukd is varied from 0.05 kg/see to 0.07 ky/see. The corresponding Dean number range is 2200 < De < 4200. The ‘U" tube manometer is used to measure the pressure drop across the tube, The measured values for finding the Nusselt number are subjected under ‘uncertainties because of the experimental ero. 3.2, Caleultion of nanoftids thermo physical properties Pak and Cho {97}, Patel (98) and Ebrahimnia » Bajestan (99) sug gested the Eqs. (1), (2), (3), and (4), for determining the density, thermal conductivity, specific hea, and viscosity of nanofluds and the Fas. (1), (2), @), and (4), have widely been used by the researchers as the ‘mathematical results ae closer to the experimental results. Table 2 show the dry MWCNTs properties used for this experiments. re=tne sO @ (e)y ==) (95) + #0), @ oy Lie =O 420718 #97888 g + 100000 #] @ 33. Data reduction ‘The low condition is obtained by using the Dean number Pa. (5). The average rate of heat transfer of tube and shell ze found by using Eas. (6), (7),() and (9). and the Nu and pressure drop are calculated by Eqs. (10) and (1. o.-R8(4an) ® Q. = Hh acp(Tin — Touhy © etal Tal ® wa weet ® O-bN Tas Ta) ® 0 Ul Pa eo Pressure drop (AP) aah ayOverall heat transfer coefficient,Uo (Wim’k) ety $2019) 1705 1200 1180 1100 1050 1000 e585 3 700 650 Fa Water [e019 Nanofu [03% Nanofiud [v0.55 Nanofuid 2250 2500 2750 3000 3250 3500 3750 4000 4250 Dean number, De Fig. 7. Overall heat transfer cxefclent Vs Dean number. ‘The thermal performance factorof hermohydraulic factor deals with heat exchanger the thermo hydraulic bchavior of nanofluid in heat exchangers Hashemi . ‘et al, [40]. The thermal performance factor of the cone helically coiled Nig heat exchanger is given. (12). In this investigation, the thermal per- = | formance factor is found to range of 1.1-1.6. Therefore the nanofluid an a2) ‘ives better thermal behavior than water in cone helically coiled tube oP Inner heat transfer coefficient,hi (W/m’K) g gE88 4000 3800 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3250 3500 3750 4000 4250 4500 ig. 6. Inner heat transfer coeticient Vs Dean namber—= Water —*— 0.1% Nanofluid —4— 0.3% Nanofluid | —¥— 0.5% Nanofluid | 120 115 1104 105 1004 954 v0] as] 204 74 704 Nusselt number (Nu) 654 604 55] 504 Ze ety $2019) 1705 {oe} 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3250 3500 3750 4000 4250 4500 Dean number, De Fig. 9. Bfect of nanoluds on Nusselt number 34. Uncertainty analysis ‘The uncertainty of the measurements are caleulated by using the Eqs. (13), (14), (15), (16), (17), (18) and (19). [EY obey bey a] +e] -o aay ay as) a6) an as) 2G) GP ox as) 4. Results and discussion 4.1, Heat transfer of MWCNT nanoftids ig. 7 deseribesthe Dean versus the overall heat transfer coefficient. I Table a Comparison of Nusselt number of nano wih water. {is seen that the overall heat transfer coefficient increases with increasing the Dean number and particle volume concentration. The maximum ‘overall heat transfer coefficient is 529% at 0.5% nanoffuid in the Dean ‘number 4200, The overall heat transfer coefficient 8 the effect of con: duction and convection mode in the heat exchanger. While comparing the conduction heat transfer mode, the convection heat transfer is highly effective than the conduction heat transfer. In particular the inner heat transfer is highly effective due to stronger convection current between MWCNTS and water, This Ieaves to improve moze convective heat transfer. The lower temperature difference between the tube and shells the major cause for improved convective heat transfer. ig. 8 shows the effect of particle concentration on the heat transfer coefficient. Ii found that the increasing trend in heat transfer coe cient with varying Dean number. The improved heat transfer cooiient {s found tobe 14%, 30% and 419% more than the water at 0.1%, 0.3%6and 0.5% MWCNT/water nanofluid respectively. Iti clearly sen that the ‘maximum heat transfer coefficient is obtained at 0.5% nanofluid. The addition of more MENT increases the thermal conduetiity of nano: fluids, Moreover, the addition of MWCNT delays the formation of the theemal boundary layer and makes the temperature profile flatten. In addition to the delaying thermal boundary layer, the lower relative ve locity of MWCNTS with water particles along the curved flow path isthe reason for higher inner heat transfer coefficient at 0.5% volume From Fig. 9 and Table’ itis seen thatthe Nusselt number is enhanced by changing Dean Number and particle volume concentration, Theety $2019) 1705 —e— 0.1% Nanofluid —4— 0.3% Nanofluid —7— 0.5% Nanofluid 17000 16000 18000 14000 13000 112000 11000 Pressure drop (Pa) 110000 ‘9000 ‘8000 —*- Water jE 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3250 3500 3750 4000 4250 4500 Dean number, De ig, 10 tec of manofuis on pressure drop. Increase in Nusselt numbers is found to be 28%, 52% and 68% at 0.1%, (03% and 0.5% MWCNT/ water nanofluids respectively when compared “with water, The improvement is because ofthe thorough mixing of water particles and GNTS, this also may be the contribution Brownian motion of the CNTs. Morcover, the random movement of MWCNT disturbs the boundary layer formation and the formation of secondary flows are intensified. The Nusselt number is directly proportional tothe inner heat transfer coeficient and therefore Nusselt umber increases with increase the heat transfer coefficient and with inressing the volume concentra- tion. The significant Nusselt umber ishow effective the convective heat transfer happens. In this work the convective heat transfer is highly ‘effective when inerease particle volume concentration. 4.2, Efe of pressre drop Fig. 10 and Table 4 reveal the increasing trend of pressure drop by varying particle volume concentration and Dean number. The pressure drop of 0.1% 0.3% and 0.5% nanofluds are found to be 16%,30% and 429% higher than water respectively. Ic is because ofthe higher viscosity while adding more MWCNTS. cis seen thatthe maximum pressure drop ‘occurs at 0.5% nanofiuid and a the Dean number 4200. Ii evident that the higher pressure drop leads to the pumping power penalty. The ‘maximum pressure drop obtained is 42% when the outlet temperature of nanofluid is at 48°C when it leaves the tube. However, the pressure drop may vary with respect tothe nanofluids outlet temperature. Higher the a, Fig. 11, Asessment of deposit of MWCNIS on enlled tube before con ducting test nanofiid temperature means that lower the pressure drop. Tis fssimply because of lowering the viseosity due toa higher temperature. Fig. 12 Assesment of depast of MENTS on called tube aller con ducting testA Plan, CMe amar 43. Assessment of helth risk, deposition and erosion ‘Though the assessment of health risk, deposition and erosion are not the primary objectives of this work, the observation made on these Is ‘mentioned as they may lead to further work in details with appropriate techniques. The report on the risk assessment of using MWCNTS nano- ‘Dud inthe laboratory is very limited in terms of heat transfer point of view. Therefore the health risk is assessed during the date of preparation ‘of MWCNT/water nanofluids and tests conducting days (60 Days). The primary safeguarding components like standard glowse, apron and air filter have been used during these day. The assessment of deposition of IMWCNTS and erosive wear of tube surfaces are carried out manually and visually. Figs 11 and 12 reveal that there is no significant deposit of MWCNTs on the inner tube surface due to impingement of MWCNTS and there fs no observable erasive wear on the tube inner surface even after several test uns. George et al. [1]. suggested that the erosive wear ‘depends on nanoparticles size, shape, impinge velocity, particles con ‘entration and angle of attack and temperature ofthe Mud. Its also fouind that there is no considerable health risk except the irritation of [MWCNTs when exposed tothe bare skin '5. Conclusions In this pape, the turbulent flow (2200 < De < 4200) heat transfer characteristics and pressure drop of cone helically coiled tube with MWCNT/veaternanoflui at 0.1% 0.3% and 0.5% particle volume con- centration have been experimentally studied. It is found that the ‘maximum overall heat transfer coefficient of nanofids is 52% higher than the water at 0.5% nanofluid in the Dean number 4200. The improved heat transfer coefficient is found to be 14%, 20% and 41% ‘more than the water at 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% MWCNT/ater nancfluid respectively. The increase in Nusselt numbers is found 10 be 289%, 52% and 6849 a1 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% MWCNT/water nanofluids respectively ‘when compared with water. The pressute drop of 0.1%, 0:3% and 0.5% ranofluids are found to be 16%, 30% and 42% higher than water respectively. Its also studied that there is no significant depost of the IMWCNTS on the inner surface ofthe cone coiled tube even after several ‘experimental tes un deposit of nanotubes onthe tube inner wall. Found that there are no immediate and 60 days of using MWCNT nanofluids health risk while preparing and conducting the ests with the primary safeguard kis lke glouse, air filter and apron. Therefore the traditional heat transfer uids may be replaced with MWCNT/ water nanoftuids at ‘considerable pressure drop in cone helically coiled tube heat exchangers. ‘Future work is needed for investigating the thermal anf low behaviors of MWCNT/ater nanofluids with higher volume concentration atdiferent ‘cone helically col piteh. Declarations Author contribution statement Palanisamy: Conceived and designed the experiments; Performed, the experiments; Wrote the paper. PCMukesh Kumar: Analyzed and interpreted the data; Contsbuted reagents, materials, analysis tools or data. nding statement ‘This researc did not receive any specif grant from funding agencies, the public, commercial, oF not-for-profit sectors. Competing inurest statement ‘The authors dectare no confit of intrest. ety $2019) 1705 Additonal information ‘No additional information is available for this paper. References a eo 81 v1 8 1 0 an oa os oa os) as on 9) 0 eu ea ea ea es WA. Dea, Note on te mation a i incre ie Pil. Mig A 4 (1927) 1G. Pihjn, GS. Raghavan. Rene, Comparison of heat ase tes between tight abe hea exconger and ial elle heat exchanger {Commun Het Mass Tras 29,2002 185-191 ap Therm iS 3 (lo) 03-207 Pow 5. 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