Introduction To World Religions and Belief Systems: Quarter 1 - Module 4: Judaism

12 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Introduction to World
Religions and Belief
Systems
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Judaism
Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Judaism
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module

Writer: Laurice Kathe T. Inso
Editors: Jiosel C. Tuballa, Catherine A. Credo
Reviewers: Divina May S. Medez
Illustrator:
Layout Artist: Vanesa R. Deleña
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Fay C. Luarez, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D. Maricel S. Rasid
Adolf P. Aguilar, Ed.D. Elmar L. Cabrera
Nilita L. Ragay, Ed.D.
Carmelita A. Alcala, Ed.D.
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental
Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
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Introduction to
World Religions
and Belief
Systems
Judaism
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems - 12

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Judaism!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher
or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
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For the learner:
Welcome to the Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems -12

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Judaism!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
What I Know
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In the current lesson with the previous one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New introduced to you in various ways; a story, a
song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
What’s More
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
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This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!
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What I Need to Know
Hi, this is Teacher Tina. We will explore how Judaism, one of the
oldest monotheistic religions in the world was founded, what are
its core teachings, beliefs, practices and some issues related to it.
Are you ready? Then, let’s proceed.
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY:
➢ Examine the brief history, core teachings, fundamental beliefs, practices,

and related issues of Judaism
At the end of the module, you should be able to:
➢ Identify the founders, sacred texts, doctrines, core teaching and related issues
of Judaism
➢ relate a story from the Old Testament that demonstrates the Jewish belief in
one God
➢ show appreciation to other belief systems
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What I Know
Instructions: Challenge yourself by arranging the jumbled letter words. Write the
answers in your activity notebook.
1. A H R B A M A -____________________
2. J W E S H I - ___________________
3. M E S O S -____________________
4. T A O H R -____________________
5. R I B A B S -____________________
6. S O Y A N G U G E S- ___________________
7. H A C U L O T O S - ____________________
8. T U M A L D - ____________________
9. P E N C H A T U T E-____________________
10. S A T H A B B -____________________
What’s In
We have discussed in Module 3 how religion can have positive as well as

negative effects on society. Likewise, we have cited cases wherein religion played a
key role in the conflicts that happened between religious groups in certain countries.
In this module we will study the world religion that have originated from the region
we now call West Asia, one of the three Abrahamic religions- Judaism.
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What’s New
Instructions: 4 Pics, One Word: Guess the concept described in the four pics shown
below.
_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/249246160635055648/
https://image.shutterstock.com/image-photo/image-450w-759492115.jpg
https://www.haikudeck.com/world-religion-education-presentation-uCJYJuQdM9#slide27
https://fr.dreamstime.com/photographie-stock-relevé-torah-synagogue-image2951922
Questions:
1. What concept/ word does the four pictures show?

______________________________________________________________
2. Was it difficult for you to guess the word? Why or why not?
______________________________________________________________
3. What is your background knowledge about the concept/religion projected in
the four pictures? What do you wish to know about it?
______________________________________________________________
Judaism is the original of the three Abrahamic faiths, which also

includes Christianity and Islam. Get to know more about this
monotheistic religion in the next section of this module.
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What is It
JUDAISM AT A GLANCE
• Judaism originated in the Middle East over 3500 years ago.
• Judaism was founded by Moses, although Jews trace their history back to Abraham.
• Jews believe that there is only one God with whom they have a covenant.
• In exchange for all the good that God has done for the Jewish people, Jewish people
keep God’s laws and try to bring holiness into every aspect of their lives.
• Judaism has a rich history of religious text, but the central and most important
religious document is the Torah.
• Jewish traditional or oral law, the interpretation of the laws of the Torah, is called
halakhah.
• Spiritual leaders are called Rabbis.
• Jews worship in Synagogues.
• 6 million Jews were murdered in the Holocaust in an attempt to wipe out Judaism.
There are many people who identify themselves as Jewish without necessarily
believing in, or observing, any Jewish law.
Judaism is the world’s oldest monotheistic religion, dating back nearly 4,000 years.
Followers of Judaism believe in one God who revealed himself through ancient
prophets. The history of Judaism is essential to understanding the Jewish faith, which
has a rich heritage of law, culture, and tradition.
JUDAISM BELIEFS
Jewish people believe there is only one God who has established a covenant—
or special agreement—with them. Their God communicates to believers through
prophets and rewards good deeds while also punishing evil.
Most Jews (with the exception of a few groups) believe that their Messiah hasn’t
yet come—but will one day.
Jewish people worship in holy places known as

synagogues, and their spiritual leaders are called rabbis.
The six-pointed Star of David is the symbol of Judaism.
Today, there are about 14 million Jews worldwide.
Most of them live in the United States and Israel.
Traditionally, a person is considered Jewish if his or her
mother is Jewish.
Source: https://www.alamy.com/stock-
photo-icon-of-star-of-david-symbol-
judaism-religion-sign-125752352.html
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FOUNDER OF JUDAISM
The origins of Jewish faith are explained throughout the Torah. According to
the text, God first revealed himself to a Hebrew man named Abraham, who became
known as the founder of Judaism.
Jews believe that God made a special covenant with Abraham and that he and
his descendants were chosen people who would create a great nation.
Abraham’s son Isaac, and his grandson Jacob, also became central figures in
ancient Jewish history. Jacob took the name Israel, and his children and future
generations became known as Israelites.
More than 1,000 years after Abraham, the prophet Moses led the Israelites out
of Egypt after being enslaved for hundreds of years.
According to scriptures, God revealed his laws, known as the Ten
Commandments, to Moses at Mt. Sinai.
JEWISH HOLY BOOKS

While the Tanakh (which includes the Torah) is considered the sacred text of
Judaism, many other important manuscripts were composed in later years. These
offered insights into how the Tanakh should be interpreted and documented oral laws
that were previously not written down.
Around 200 A.D., scholars compiled the Mishnah—a text that describes and
explains the Jewish code of law that was previously orally communicated.
Torah
The Jewish sacred text is called the Tanakh or the “Hebrew Bible.” It includes
the same books as the Old Testament in the Christian Bible, but they’re placed in a
slightly different order.
The Torah—the first five books of the Tanakh—outlines laws for Jews to follow.
It’s sometimes also referred to as the Pentateuch.
Talmud
Later, the Talmud, a collection of teachings and commentaries on Jewish law,
was created. The Talmud contains the Mishnah and another text known as the
Gemara (which examines the Mishnah). It includes the interpretations of thousands of
rabbis and outlines the importance of 613 commandments of Jewish law.
The first version of the Talmud was finalized around the 3rd century A.D. The
second form was completed during the 5th century A.D.
Judaism embraces several other written texts and commentaries. One example
is the 13 Articles of Faith, which was written by a Jewish philosopher named
Maimonides.
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https://www.myjewishlearning.com/article/the-ten-commandments/
The Ten Commandments

The Ten Commandments are the first ten of the 613 commandments given by
God to the Jewish people. They form the foundation of Jewish ethics, behavior and
responsibility. These commandments are mentioned in order twice in the Torah - once
each in the Book of Exodus and the Book of Deuteronomy.
The following are the Ten Commandments as they appear in Exodus 19:1-
20:23
1. I am the Lord your God, who has brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of
the house of bondage.
2. You shall have no other gods beside Me. You shall not make for yourself any
carved idol, or any likeness of anything... you shall not bow down to them, nor
serve them...
3. You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain...
4. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days shall you labor and
do all your work; but the seventh day is a sabbath to God... For in six days God
made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested on the
seventh day. Therefore, God blessed the Sabbath day, and hallowed it.
5. Honor your father and your mother...
6. You shall not murder.
7. You shall not commit adultery.
8. You shall not steal.
9. You shall not bear false witness against your fellow.
10. You shall not covet...anything that is your fellow's.
Inscribed on two stone tablets, these commandments present God’s complete
and enduring standard for morality. These include instructions to venerate only one
god, to honor one’s parents, and to observe the Sabbath as a holy day. Meanwhile,
some proscribed acts that are pointed out in the commandments include idolatry,
infidelity, murder, theft, and deceit. For more than three thousand years, the Ten
Commandments have been embraced by almost two thirds of the entire world
population.
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Apart from the Ten Commandments that form the theological basis of other
commandments, there are also 613 mitzvot or laws found within the Torah (as
identified by Rambam) that guide the Jewish people in their daily living. Traditionally,
there are 248 positive and 365 negative commandments within the Torah (Parrinder
1971). These include laws about the family, personal hygiene, diet, as well as duties
and responsibilities to the community.
Shabbat
Shabbat (or Sabbath) is recognized as a day of rest and prayer for Jews. It
typically begins at sunset on Friday and lasts until nightfall on Saturday.
Observing Shabbat can take many forms, depending on the type of Judaism
that a Jewish family may follow. Orthodox and Conservative Jews, for example, may
refrain from performing any physical labor, using any electrical device or other
prohibited activities.
Most observant Jews celebrate Shabbat by reading or discussing the Torah,
attending a synagogue or socializing with other Jews at Shabbat meals.
SUBDIVISIONS/ SECTS
Within Judaism are three present day movements that emerged in response to
the modern and secular culture of Europe and America. These are Reform, Orthodox,
and Conservative Judaism. Two other smaller sects, namely Hasidism and Kabbalah,
are mystical approaches to the Jewish religion that emphasize spiritual experiences
over rational knowledge.
Orthodox Judaism is the most traditional of modern Judaism that adheres to
the authority of the entire Torah as given to Moses by God at Mount Sinai. The Torah
is the sole authority that must be strictly followed until the present time. As it considers
itself the sole and genuine heir to the Jewish tradition, it rejects all other Jewish
movements as undesirable deviations from the original Jewish religion.
Reform Judaism (Liberal or Progressive Judaism) is considered the most liberal
expression of Judaism that subjects religious laws and customs to human judgment.
To a certain extent, it developed due to internal changes in Judaism as well as other
factors operating within society. Members of this denomination sought to adhere to the
original teachings of Judaism while allowing some changes in their traditions. For
example, services were permitted to be conducted in mixed Hebrew and English, no
longer conducted solely in the Hebrew language. Moreover, women were also
accorded equality in terms of sitting together with men in synagogues and allowing
them to become rabbis unlike in other denominations.
Largely developed in the 20th century, Conservative Judaism seeks to
conserve the traditional elements of Judaism while at the same time allowing for
modernization that is less radical than Reform Judaism. The application of new
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historical methods of study in the light of contemporary knowledge but within the limits
of Jewish law may be applied to safeguard Jewish traditions. Gradual change in law
and practice is allowed only if such occurrence is in harmony with Jewish traditions.
Because Conservative Judaism falls halfway between the two other major Jewish
denominations, it is sometimes described as traditional Judaism without
fundamentalism.
Hasidism or Hasidic Judaism emerged in Germany during the twelfth century.
It was largely a spiritual movement that gives prime importance to asceticism and
experience as a result of love and humility before God.
Lastly, Kabbalah is another mystical form of Judaism that attempts to penetrate
deeper into God’s essence itself. While Kabbalists believe that God moves in
mysterious ways, they also hold that genuine knowledge and understanding of that
inner process is achievable.
SELECTED ISSUES
Women in Judaism
Women’s role in the Jewish religion is determined by the Tanakh, the “Oral
Torah,” and Jewish customs. Mishnah instructs that women must follow nearly all the
negative commandments except trimming the beard and viewing a dead body. Women
must also follow all positive commandments not structured by time but are exempted
from those that are restricted by time. The reason here is quite simple, that is, to
release women from laws that they find difficult or impossible to perform given their
traditional domestic roles, such as giving birth, taking care of the family, and
accomplishing household chores. In addition, women have the right to be consulted
on matters concerning marriage. Judaism offers tremendous respect to roles given to
women as wives and mothers. Even Jewishness or the question of Jewish self-
identification is passed down through the mother.
Holocaust
The term Holocaust is of Greek origin that means “sacrifice by fire.” In history,
Holocaust pertains to the methodical, bureaucratic, and state sponsored persecution
and execution of around six million Jews undertaken by the Nazi regime and its
collaborators from 1933 to 1945. For the Hitler-led Nazis, the Germans were racially
superior and considered themselves as the master race as compared to the Jews who
were seen as inferior people.
Anti-Semitism
The term anti-Semitism pertains to hostility towards and discrimination against
the Jewish people that was strongly felt in France, Germany, Poland, and Russia in
the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The term was popularized in Germany
around 1870s. The most common manifestations of anti-Semitism were the many
violent riots or pogroms undertaken against the Jews. The planned extermination of
the entire Jewish race during the time of the holocaust was the most extreme form of
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anti-Semitism. Other forms of anti-Semitic activities include the persecution and
massacre of Jews throughout history.
The core teaching of Judaism is the covenant

between one God and His chosen people. The Jews’ belief in
one God can be manifested in the following story. Let’s find it
out!
SAMSON AND DELILAH - BIBLE STORY
The story of Samson and Delilah reminds us just how important it is to guard
our hearts and follow God's way! The summary from Scripture starts with Samson's
birth was announced by an angel during a dark time for the Israelites. Israel was under
the rule and oppression of the Philistines. Samson was born a Nazirite and was set
apart with supernatural strength from God to do His work in the nation of Israel.
Samson became great in his own eyes and began to pursue women outside of God's
plan for his life. During his wedding sermon to a Philistine woman, Samson was so
humiliated by her and the wedding guests that he sought revenge by killing 1,000
Philistine men.
Samson then fell in love with a beautiful Philistine woman named Delilah. The
rulers in Philistine came to Delilah and offered her money if she found out what made
Samson so strong. Delilah went home and made a great meal for Samson and asked
him what made him so strong. Samson responded that if he was tied up with seven
new bowstrings that had not been dried, he would lose his strength. Delilah went and
told the rulers who instructed her to tie up Samson in his sleep. To Delilah's surprise,
Samson had tricked her and was able to break free. Samson again told that he would
lose her strength if tied up with bowstrings but that they had to be new and never used.
Delilah again tried to trap Samson while he slept but he was able to break free. Delilah
was very hurt by Samson and questioned his love for her since he could not share his
secret to his strength.
The next day Delilah asked Samson continually about his strength and bugged
him so much that he finally told her the secret to his strength - that he was given his
strength at birth by God and that if his hair was cut he would lose his strength. That
evening as Samson slept, Delilah cut his hair and called in the Philistines. The
Philistine men were able to capture Samson. They barged in, gouged his eyes out,
and took him to prison in Gaza.
The Philistines brought Samson out before a great crowd of rulers and
thousands of people gathered in the temple to celebrate his capture. Samson's hair
had begun to grow back and as he leaned against the pillars of the temple, he prayed
to God for strength once more to defeat the Philistines. Samson used all of his might
and pushed down the temple, killing himself and thousands of Philistines and rulers.
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God forgave Samson and still accomplished great things through Samson. It
was through Samson's destruction of the temple and his death that the Israelites were
freed from the Philistine rule.
To sum up what we have discussed in this module,

Judaism is the first monotheistic religion in the world founded by
Abraham and/or Moses. Its doctrines are based on its sacred
texts which include the Torah, Talmud, and Mishnah. Its
doctrines include the Ten Commandments and 618 Rules. Jews
or the followers of Judaism worship Yahweh/Jehovah as their
God. It has been divided into major sects such as Orthodox,
Conservative, and Reform Liberal. Some issues worth
discussing include how the Jews view women, Anti-Semitism,
and Holocaust.
What’s More
Directions: Arrange the Story of Samson into its proper sequence. Write only the
letters A to E according to the first event down to the last one.
____1. Delilah cut his hair and called in the Philistines.
____2. Samson fell in love with a beautiful Philistine woman named Delilah.
____3. Samson's hair had begun to grow back and as he leaned against the pillars
of the temple, he prayed to God for strength once more to defeat the
Philistines.
____4. God forgave Samson and still accomplished great things through Samson.
____5. Samson was born a Nazirite and was set apart with supernatural strength
from God to do His work in the nation of Israel.
What I Have Learned
Find a song where the singer uses lyrics that describe what you feel about the lesson tackled
in this module. It does not need to be a whole song but may be a lyric in a song. Afterwards,
explain why you think that song/lyrics captured your learning/feeling toward this module’s
lesson. Write your answers in your notebook.
_______________________________________________________________________
Your reflection will be graded according to the rubric below:
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Criteria Description Points Points
Obtained
Organization The chosen song/ lyrics was 5
appropriate and related to the
concept being asked
Analysis The analysis was well-written, clear 5
and concise based on the
song/lyric presented.
Total: 10
What I Can Do
Directions: Read each question pertaining to the Ten Commandments. Choose the
letter of the correct answer and write it in your activity notebook.
1. How many Commandments did God give to Moses?
a. 2.
b. 10.
c. 12.
2. What is the First Commandment?

a. "You shall not take the Name of the Lord in vain."
b. "Remember to keep holy the Lord's day."
c. I am the Lord your God, who has brought you out of the land of Egypt."
3. What is an oath?
a. It is a cereal.
b. It is calling upon God to witness the truth of what is being said.
c. It is a lie.
4. Which statement is true?

a. The Sabbath is the first day of the week.
b. Sunday and the Sabbath are the same thing.
c. The Sabbath is the seventh day of the week.
5. Which Commandment forbids a person from killing?

a. The Seventh Commandment.
b. The Sixth Commandment.
c. The Fifth Commandment.
6. Which Commandment forbids to take the life of an unborn child?

a. The Seventh Commandment.
b. The Sixth Commandment.
c. The Fifth Commandment.
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7. The Eight Commandment forbids to steal. That means that...
a. If you find something, you can keep it without making any efforts of finding its owner.
b. You cannot take what justly belongs to another.
c. Cheating in one's income tax is allowed.
8. Which Commandment forbids a person to injure another person's honor and

reputation?
a. The Eight Commandment.
b. The Ninth Commandment.
c. The Seventh Commandment
Quiz adapted from: https://www.catholicdoors.com/courses/comm_exa.htm
Assessment
Instructions: Write the letter of the correct answer for each item in your notebook.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
___1. Form of discrimination against Jewish people. a. Sabbath ( or

___2. It is also sometimes referred to as the Pentateuch. It is Shabbat)
the first five books of the Tanakh which outlines
laws for Jews to follow. b. Anti-Semitism
___3. A text that describes and explains the Jewish code of
law that was previously orally communicated. c. Mishnah
___4. It is a collection of teachings and commentaries on
d. Ten
Jewish law which contains the Mishnah and another text
Commandments
known as the Gemara (which examines the Mishnah).
___5. The first ten of the 613 commandments given by God to
e. Reform Judaism
the Jewish people is known as ________.
___6. The denomination of Judaism that promotes women f. Torah
equality in synagogues and in being a rabbi.
___7. According to the Torah, God first revealed himself g. Abraham
to a Hebrew man,_________ who became known as
the founder of Judaism. h. Moses
___8. It is recognized as a day of rest and prayer for Jews.
___9. It is the most traditional of modern Judaism that adheres i. Orthodox Judaism
to the authority of the entire Torah.
___10. It pertains to the methodical, bureaucratic, and state j. Holocaust
sponsored persecution and execution of around six
million Jews undertaken by the Nazi regime k. Talmud
and its collaborators from 1933 to 1945.
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Additional Activities
Share a new word, new practice/belief or new holiday/religious observance

about Judaism with which you were previously unfamiliar. What was the most
interesting or surprising thing you have learned in this module?
_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Congratulations! You have just completed Module 4. May your

learning about Judaism caused you to develop appreciation of the
various belief systems.
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References
BOOK
Jose, Mary Dorothy dL. and Jerome Ong. Introduction to World Religions and
Belief Systems Textbook. Quezon City: Vibal Group Inc., Haus of Serah Printing
and Trading Corp, 2016.
TEACHERS GUIDE
Most Essential Learning Competencies
INTERNET SOURCES/PICTURES
Posner, Menachem. “What is Judaism?” Chabad.org.
https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/3710122/jewish/What-Is-
Judaism.htm. (accessed August 10, 2020).
Shahar, Yael. “The Ten Commandments.” Haaretz.com.

https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/the-ten-commandments-1.5416257. (accessed
August 11, 2020).
Bible Study Tools Staff. “Samson and Delilah-Bible Story.”Biblestudytool.com.

https://www.biblestudytools.com/bible-stories/samson-and-delilah.html.(accessed
August 10, 2020).
British Broadcasting Corporation. “Judaism”. BBC. Com.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/judaism (accessed August 10, 2020)
Fairchild, Mary. “Samson and Delilah Story Study Guide.” Learnreligions.com.

https://www.learnreligions.com/samson-and-delilah- 700215.(accessed August 10,
2020).
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-icon-of-star-of-david-symbol-judaism-religion-
sign-125752352.html
https://www.haikudeck.com/world-religion-education-presentation-
uCJYJuQdM9#slide27
https://fr.dreamstime.com/photographie-stock-relevé-torah-synagogue-
image2951922
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-icon-of-star-of-david-symbol-judaism-religion-
sign-125752352.html
https://image.shutterstock.com/image-photo/image-450w-759492115.jpg
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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net
Systems
Quarter 1 – Module 6: Islam
Quarter 1 – Module 6: Islam
First Edition, 2020


Writers: Peter L. Togle
Editors: Laurice Kathe T. Inso, Catherine A. Credo
Reviewers: Gemma F. Depositario,Ed.D.
Illustrator: Typesetter

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
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Introduction to
World Religions
and Belief
Systems
Islam
Welcome to the Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems-12

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Islam !

body of the module:

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For the learner:

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Islam!

module.

What I Know
module.

or a situation.

What’s More
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competency.
lesson learned.

module.

answers.
with it.
you are not alone.

can do it!
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What I Need to Know
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY

Examine the brief history, core teachings, fundamental beliefs, practices, and related
issues of Islam
Content Standards:
The learner demonstrates understanding of the elements of Islam:
a. Founder: Prophet Muhammad (570-632 A.D.)
b. Sacred texts: Qur’an, Hadith
c. Doctrine s: Five Pillars of Islam (Shahadah-declaring there is no other god but
Allah and Muhammad is His messenger, Salat-ritual prayer five times a day, Sawm-
fasting during Ramadan, Zakat-alms giving to the poor, and Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca
at least once in a lifetime)
d. God: Allah
e. Practitioners: Sunni, Shi’ite, Sufi
f. Issues: Gender Inequality, Militant Islam, Migration
Performance Standards:
The learner conducts a panel discussion on Muslim beliefs and practices (when
possible inviting a Muslim).
K -Describe significant beliefs and traditions of the Islamic faith. .
S - Differentiate the teachings of Islam to Christianity.
A - Relate some values espoused by Islamic faith to one’s own beliefs.
Established around seventh century C.E., Islam is the youngest among the
world’s major religions. With more than 1.5 billion adherents comprising almost one-
fourth of the entire world population, Islam is the second largest group and one of the
fasting growing religions in the world. Majority of Muslims, the followers of Islam, live
in Asia and Africa.
There are 49 countries in the world that are Muslim-majority or comprise 50%
of the population. The 1.2 billion Muslims in these countries equivalent to 74% of the
entire Muslim population worldwide. More than 60% of the world’s Muslims can be
found in Asia, including Indonesia, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Turkey, and Iran.
Indonesia is the world’s most populous Muslim majority country with almost 87% of
the population practicing the Islam religion. In Africa, sizeable Muslim communities are
found in Egypt and Nigeria.
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What I Know
Read and analyze the statements below. Then choose the letter of the
correct answer, and write them in your activity notebook.
1.The term “Islam” means
a. submission b. peace c. fortitude d. thankfulness
2. The chapters that compose the Quran are known as
a. Surahs b. Sunnahs c. Shari’ah d. Sufis
3. The word jihad means
a. pilgrimage b. to strive or struggle c. fasting d. prophecy
4. Which of the following is true about the Sunnah?
a. It is the way of life of the prophet Muhammad.
b. Muslims can learn about the Sunnah from the hadith literature.
c. It is the mystical tradition of Islam
d. Both a and b
5. The hadith reports
a. Tell about what Muhammad said and did
b. Were collected by those closest to Muhammad
c. Were compiled in several authoritative collections
d. all of the above
6. The hijra is
a. The journey of the early Muslim community from Mecca to Medina
b. The annual pilgrimage to Mecca
c. The written reports of how Muhammad lived his life
d. The term for Islamic law
7. The salat is
a. The five daily prayers Muslims are expected to perform
b. The term for Islamic law
c. The term for a chapter of the Qur’an
d. The term for the Ramadan fast
8. Which of the following is not one of the Five Pillars of Islam?
a. Fasting during the month of Ramadan
b. Jihad
c. Declaration of faith
d. Prayer five times daily
9. During the month of Ramadan, Muslims are required to fast from dawn to dusk,
which means they
a. Abstain from food and drink
b. Abstain from food, drink, and sex
c. Abstain from eating meat
d. Abstain from food, but may consume liquids
10. When he received the revelation of the Qur’an, Muhammad
a. Was about 40 years old
b. Was already recognized as a prophet
c. Was married to Aisha
d. Was a teenager
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What’s In
In the previous module, you have learned about Christianity, one of the religions
which traces its origins to the patriarch Abraham. Furthermore, you were also
introduced to the core teaching of Christianity which is the message that a loving God
sent His begotten Son to redeem humankind from eternal damnation.
In this lesson, you will learn about the essential elements of another Abrahamic
religion, the youngest among the world’s major religions- Islam. Before proceeding, try
to answer the review questions below first.
Directions: In your activity notebook, unscramble the letters in each item to form the
correct word/ concept about Christianity.
1. C A N I R H S T I S - Followers of Christianity
2. B E L I B - The sacred scripture of Christianity
3. J U S S E C I R T S H - He is the central figure of Christianity and is
widely described as the most influential person in history
4. C O S S R - The most common symbol for Christianity
5. H L Y O T Y I N T R I - Christianity’s belief which means God has three
aspects—Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit
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What’s New
Directions: If you have access to the internet, watch the video of Al-Fatihah thru this
link (https://bit.ly/30OnEpU). If not, you may recite the English version of Al-Fatihah or
the opening lines of the Qur’an instead.
https://bit.ly/37cDDBB
Answer the questions below in your notebook.
1. How do you find the activity?

2. What is Islam?
3. Who is Allah?
4
What is It
a. Prophet Mohammad as the Founder of Islam
Background of Muhammad (570-632) An orphan from a poor Bedouin tribe,

and influence of Judaism and Monophysite
Christianity (that the divine and the human
Jesus were integrated in the same body) in
the Byzantine Empire. With no formal
schooling, Muhammad worked as a caravan
worker travelling across the Arabian
Peninsula as a camel driver. From 610, at
40, Muhammad started to receive
revelations from God, which he would later
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Dark_vignette_
Al-Masjid_AL-Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg recite in front of audiences. These recitations
were called the Qur'an, or "Recitation," and formed the heart of Islam. Muhammad
considered himself a "Messenger of God," but the wealthy and powerful clans were
against him, partly because the revelations recited by Muhammad were often
specifically directed against them, particularly in the direct commands to redistribute
wealth. Muhammad's new religion largely appealed to the unfortunate of Mecca:
foreigners who were not protected by any clan, members of poor clans, and the
children of the wealthiest clans who had fallen out of favor or somehow lost their
inheritance.
In 620 Muhammad went to Yathrib. The city consisted of most Arabic clans and
a minority of Jewish clans. Through blood-feuds violence in Yathrib slowly spread to
almost every clan. They were quickly converted to Muhammad's new religion and the
city was renamed Medina. The Hijrah: Muhammad went back to Mecca and got over
75 new followers in 622. They quietly slipped out of Mecca and went to Medina. This
journey to Medina was the Hijrah and it is from this year that the Muslim calendar
begins. While normally translated "pilgrimage," Hijra means something like "severing
ties with your relatives." It was from Medina that Muhammad formally severed his ties
with Judaism. Rise of Mecca as the Islamic center: The pre-Islamic Arabs worshipped
many deities. Among the gods they worshipped was Allah—probably derived from the
monotheistic religions of Judaism and Christianity. Mecca was the center of this
religion with its Ka'ba, or "Cube," which served as the temple for the religion. In 630
Muhammad went back to Mecca and defeated the wealthy clans there, and
established Mecca as the "capital," so to speak, of Islam, although Medina and
Jerusalem also remained holy Islamic cities. He also destroyed all the icons of
gods/goddesses.
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For about twenty-three years, God revealed these messages through
Muhammad who initially memorized these lines because he was illiterate. The
revelation spanned from about 609 to 632 C.E., the year of the prophet’s death.
Muhammad relayed these messages to his companion and secretary Zayd ibn Thabit
(c.610-c.660 C.E.) who wrote them on leather scraps, stone pieces, ribs of palm
leaves, shoulder blades of animals, and parchments (Parrinder 1971; Hopfe 1983). At
that time, the art of papermaking was still unknown to the Arab people. Zayd became
one of the first converts of Muhammad to the Islam fold. Twenty years after the death
of Muhammad, the Quran had officially come to the form that was disseminated
throughout the centers of the Islamic world.
Origin of Islam: According to Secular History The origin of Islam can be

traced back to 7th century Saudi Arabia. Islam is thus the youngest of the great world
religions. The prophet Muhammad (circa 570-632 A.D.) introduced Islam in 610 A.D.
after experiencing what he claimed to be an angelic visitation. Muhammad dictated
the Qur'an, the holy book of Islam, which Muslims believe to be the preexistent, perfect
words of Allah.
Origin of Islam: According to Islam the origin

of Islam is generally accredited to the prophet
Muhammad but to the devout Muslim, Islam began long
before Muhammad ever walked the earth. The Qur'an
was dictated by Muhammad but, according to the
Qur'an, it did not originate with Muhammad. The Qur'an
testifies of itself that it was given by God through the
angel Gabriel to the prophet Muhammad. "This is a https://bit.ly/37DcND7
revelation from the Lord of the universe. The Honest Spirit (Gabriel) came down with
it, to reveal it into your heart that you may be one of the warners, in a perfect Arabic
tongue" (Sura 26:192-195). "Say, 'Anyone who opposes Gabriel should know that he
has brought down this (the Qur'an) into your heart, in accordance with God's will,
confirming previous scriptures, and providing guidance and good news for the
believers'" (Sura 2:97).
The Origin of Islam: The "Previous Scriptures" The origin of Islam is

controversial. The "previous scriptures" mentioned above are the Hebrew Torah, the
Psalms of David, and the Gospels of Jesus Christ (Sura 4:163; 5:44-48). The Qur'an
accepts these books as divinely inspired and even encourages us to test its claims by
these "previous scriptures." "If you have any doubt regarding what is revealed to you
from your Lord, then ask those who read the previous scripture" (Sura 10:94). But this
is where we run into a problem. The problem is that the Qur'an thoroughly contradicts
the Torah, the Psalms, and the Gospels. For example, the Qur'an explicitly denies
Jesus Christ's crucifixion (Sura 4:157-158) while all four Gospel accounts clearly
portray Jesus Christ as crucified and resurrected. One contradiction has caused a
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great deal of conflict between Muslims and ethnic Jews and is thought to have been
and continues to be the 204 cause of much bloodshed in the Middle East. According
to the Hebrew Torah, God made a covenant with a man named Abraham.
God promised Abraham a child through

whom He would fulfill this covenant ("the child
of promise," Genesis 15). Abraham was at that
time childless. His wife, Sarah, was barren.
This of course made the promise very special
to Abraham. But it would require nothing less
than a miracle. Sarah, conscious of her https://bit.ly/3dZ7U8h
condition, decided to help God out. She offered her maidservant Hagar to Abraham
with the hope that Hagar might conceive and bear the child of promise. Abraham
agreed to take Hagar as his concubine. She conceived and bore Ishmael (Genesis
16). God allowed Ishmael to be born but Ishmael was not the child of promise God
had in mind (Genesis 17). God promised a child through Sarah, not Hagar (Genesis
17-18), and in due time God fulfilled His promise. "And the Lord visited Sarah as He
had said, and the Lord did for Sarah as He had spoken. For Sarah conceived and bore
Abraham a son in his old age, at the set time of which God had spoken to him. And
Abraham called the name of his son who was born to him-whom Sarah bore to him-
Isaac." (Genesis 21:1-3) Isaac was the child of promise.
Isaac later begot Jacob, the father of the twelve tribes of Israel, and the
Messiah, Jesus Christ, eventually came into the world through the nation of Israel,
fulfilling the covenant which God had made with Abraham. God also promised to give
the land of Canaan (Palestine) to Isaac's descendants, the land which Israel
possesses today (Genesis 12:4-7; 13:12-18; 15:1-21; 17:1- 22; 21:1-14; 25:19-26;
26:1-6; 35:9-12). The problem is that the Qur'an teaches that Ishmael was the child of
promise (Sura 19:54; compare Sura 37:83-109 with Genesis 22:1-19) and so Muslims
believe that God's covenant promises were meant for Ishmael's descendants, not
Isaac's. Muhammad descended from Ishmael and so Muslims seek to lay claim to
these covenant promises, namely the land of Palestine. Since Israel's U.N.-sanctioned
return to Palestine in 1948 there has been unceasing hostility between Israel and her
Arab neighbors, with major armed conflicts in 1948-49, 1956, 1967, 1973-74, and
1982. That Israel remains today is a miracle in-and of itself.
Origin of Islam: The God of the Bible? Whenever the origin of Islam is
discussed, one question tends to arise: are the God of the Qur'an and the God of the
Bible one and the same? The answer is no. This is a common misconception. The
misconception stems from the fact that many biblical characters seem to appear in the
Qur'an, Abraham being a significant example. But the truth is, while the Qur'an uses
the names of biblical characters to describe Quranic figures, they certainly are not the
same historical figures and the God of the Bible is by no means the God of the Qur'an.
The God of the Bible is a God who expresses Himself in three Persons (God the
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Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit; not three Gods working in unison; one
God expressed in three Persons).
The Qur'an on the other hand explicitly denies the trinity (Sura 4:171). Other
examples include the Qur'an's denial of Christ's unique Sonship (the Qur'an condemns
the title of "Son of God"; Sura 4:171; 9:30). It further denies Christ's deity (Sura 5:17,
75) and His pre-incarnate preexistence (Sura 3:59-60). The Bible on the other hand
calls Jesus the "Son of God" on many occasions (see Matthew 4:3, 6; 8:29; 14:33;
26:63; 27:40, 43, 54; Mark 1:1; 3:11; 15:39; Luke 1:35; 4:3, 9, 41; 8:28; 205 22:70;
John 1:34, 49; 3:18; 5:25; 9:35; 10:36; 11:4, 27; 19:7; 20:31), affirms His pre-incarnate
preexistence (Isaiah 9:6; Micah 5:2), and hails Him as God incarnate (John 1:1-3, 14;
8:58, 14:8-9; 20:26-29; Philippians 2:5-8; Colossians 1:15-17; 2:8-10; Revelation
1:8,13-18, 21:4-7; 22:6-7,12-16, 20).
Origin of Islam: The Qur'an vs. the Bible As we have seen, the history of
Islam can be traced back to the prophet
Muhammad, a man who professed to
proclaim a revelation from God, a
revelation which was supposed to confirm
and supersede the "previous scriptures"
(Sura 4:163; 5:44-48; 10:94). And as we
have seen, the Qur'an thoroughly
contradicts those previous scriptures. How
https://muslimskeptic.com/2017/06/09/1062/ do Muslims reconcile these
contradictions? They do not. And rather than throw out the Qur'an, they prefer to throw
out the previous scriptures instead. The claim is that somehow the Torah, the Psalms,
and the Gospels were lost or corrupted beyond recognition and that the books which
we have today which bare the names "Torah," "Psalms," and "Gospels" are clever
forgeries. Essentially the Qur'an takes its authority from the Bible, it contradicts the
Bible, and therefore turns around and undermines the authority of the Bible. It's an
interesting paradox.
Those who pledge allegiance to the Qur'an do so believing that it must

correspond with the Torah, the Psalms, and the Gospels because that is what it says
of itself. Then they turn around and deny the Torah, the Psalms, and the Gospels
because the Qur'an contradicts them. Origin of Islam: The Discrepancies Other
significant discrepancies include the Qur'an mistaking Jesus' mother Mary for Moses'
sister Miriam, claiming that Mary was Moses and Aaron's sister, a child of Amram
(Sura 3:35-48; 19:27-28), despite the 1500 plus years which separate the two. They
claim that a Samaritan sculpted the golden calf at the foot of Sinai (Sura 20:85-88)
despite the fact that Samaritans didn't come into existence until several hundred years
after the Exodus (at which time the calf was made, Exodus 32:1-4).
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The Rise and Development of Islam Derived from both Judaism and
Christianity, Islam was a religion that claimed prophets from both religions (Adam,
Noah, Abraham, Moses, & Jesus), and saw itself as sharing the same God with these
two religions, with Muhammad being the last prophet. The Muslims saw themselves
as descendants of Abraham, the ancestor of the Jews, and, the descendants of
Ishmael, Abraham's elder son by his Egyptian bondmaid. Unlike the first two religions
which were compiled by different people over time, Islam (submitting to God) came
exclusively from the revelations of God to Mohammed (the Koran) and words and
deeds of Mohammed (the Sunna). Islamic law is based on the sunna. 206 Codified
only a couple hundred years after the foundation of Islam, the Shari'ah, or law of Islam
installed permanently the Arabic order of society on subsequent generations.
b. Sacred texts: Qur’an, Hadith
The Q'uran
The sacred writing of the Muslims is called Quran (or Koran in English) that
literally means “recitation” or “reading.” The Quran is the revelation from God of his
speech (kalam) and is the foundation of the Islam religion (Bowker 1997). It is the
supreme authority in all matters of faith, theology, and law (Parrinder 1971).
In 610 C.E., when Muhammad

received the first revelations, he was
commanded by angel Gabriel to “iqra”
or “recite.” All Muslims believe that the
Quran is a copy of the eternal scripture
written in heaven but made known to
Muhammad chapter by chapter (Hopfe
1983). As such, the Quran is the word of
https://www.learnreligions.com/quran-2004556
God that is binding, continuous, and
supreme. The same message became known to earlier prophets like Moses and
Jesus, but people gradually altered the revelation entrusted to them by God (Bowker
1997). Any translation of the Quran, either in English or in any other language, is
neither a Quran nor a version of the Quran; rather, it is only a translation of the
meaning of the Quran (Ibrahim 1997). The Quran in Arabic, the only language in which
it was revealed, is considered the perfect word of God.
For about twenty-three years, God revealed these messages through

Muhammad who initially memorized these lines because he was illiterate. The
revelation spanned from about 609 to 632 C.E., the year of the prophet’s death.
Muhammad relayed these messages to his companion and secretary Zayd ibn Thabit
(c.610-c.660 C.E.) who wrote them on leather scraps, stone pieces, ribs of palm
leaves, shoulder blades of animals, and parchments (Parrinder 1971; Hopfe 1983). At
that time, the art of papermaking was still unknown to the Arab people. Zayd became
one of the first converts of Muhammad to the Islam fold. Twenty years after the death
9
of Muhammad, the Quran had officially come to the form that was disseminated
throughout the centers of the Islamic world.
The Quran has remained virtually unaltered since the time of Muhammad. To
the Meccan townspeople, Muhammad preached the messages which were short and
quite easy to remember as these lines rhymed with one another (Brown 1975). The
Muslims recite and memorize the Quran reflecting the profound influence of the
scripture on the daily lives of all followers.
Muhammad wanted the Muslims to recite
their scripture aloud like the manner done
by the Jews and Christians. As time went
on, the messages increased as
Muhammad kept on receiving new
revelations. The Quran guides all
Muslims in every stage of their lives.
https://funci.org/the-miracle-of-numbers-in-the-quran/?lang=en
In comparison, the Quran has almost
the same length as the New Testament, the Christian biblical canon (Parrinder 1971).
The chapters that compose the Quran are called surahs while the verses are called
ayahs which mean “evidence” or “sign.” There are 114 chapters in the Quran, 86 of
which are classified as Meccan while 28 are Medinian. The hijra or the journey of
Muhammad from Mecca to Medina serves as a pivot point in the division. Abrahamic
Religions of the Quranic verses that belong before or after the said emigration in 622
C.E. (Cragg 2004). The Meccan verses generally pertain to religious ideals while the
Medinian verses deal with the organization of the Muslim community. While the
chapters are of varying lengths, the Quran is also divided into thirty almost equal parts
(with each part known as juz) so as to enable a reader to complete the reading of the
scripture in one month (Aziz 1993).
Neither thematic nor chronological, the Quran is arranged based on the length
of the surah in descending order. The longest surah has about 286 ayahs, the Al-
Baqarah (“The Heifer”). The shortest surah has only three ayahs, the Al-Kawthar
(“Abundance”). The first of all the surah is called Fatihah (“The Opening”) that is in the
form of a prayer to God for guidance. The Fatihah, written below, is the most frequently
recited segment of the Koran.
“In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful

Praise be to Allah, the Cherisher and Sustainer of the Worlds;
Most Gracious, Most Merciful;
Master of the Day of Judgement.
You do we worship and Your aid we seek.
Show us the straight way,
The way of those on whom You have bestowed Your Grace,
those whose (portion)
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is not wrath, and who go not astray.”
A person who can memorize the Quran in its entirety is called hafiz (“guardian”). The
female counterpart is called hafiza. Whatever denomination Muslims may belong to,
they always have the same Quran written in Arabic like the early days of Islam’s
founding. No two copies of the Quran anywhere in the world differ in any way (Aziz
1993).
The Hadith
The hadith is the collection of the deeds and sayings of Muhammad and his
followers (“traditional reports or sayings”) and is the second source of shari’a law
(Horrie & Chippindale 2003). Unlike the Quran that was officially compiled under the
auspices of a central authority (as initiated by the first caliph Abu Bakr), the hadiths
were collected generations after the death of Muhammad. The hadiths are recognized
today as second in authority after the Koran (Parrinder 1971).
Around the ninth century C.E., Muslim scholars undertook several great
systematic collections of hadiths that are known as Kutub al-Sittah or the Six Sahih
(“Authentic”) Books. The collections of
Persian scholars Muhammad al-Bukhari
(810-870) and Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj (c.815-
875) are the most respected and most often
cited among the said collections (Parrinder
1971). Imam Bukhari authored the Sahih al-
Bukhari while Imam Muslim compiled the
Sahih Muslim. From the six books, these
hadith records are the two most authentic
collections. https://bit.ly/34uxDCy
The word sahih in these titles indicates that the authors of these books sifted
the authentic reports about Muhammad from other unsubstantiated narratives (Aziz
1993). The various rituals and obligations embedded in the so-called “Five Pillars of
Islam” as well as majority of criminal laws originate from the hadiths (Horrie &
Chippindale 2003).
c. Doctrines: Five Pillars of Islam (Shahadah-declaring there is no other god

but Allah and Muhammad is His messenger, Salat-ritual prayer five times a
day, Sawm-fasting during Ramadan, Zakat-alms giving to the poor, and Hajj
pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in a lifetime)
Five Pillars of Islam. The basic obligations of Muslims are called the Five Pillars
of Islam or arkan al-din. While differences may occur in the interpretation of Islamic
law, all Muslims believe and accept the entirety of these obligations that must be
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strictly observed to avoid being sent to hell on the “Day of Judgment.” The Five Pillars
give structure and unity to all believers of Islam.
Foremost among all Muslims’ obligations is the declaration of their statement
of belief called shahada (“witness”) that is recited during prayers and rituals. Apart
from shahada, the four other duties that must be performed by all Muslims are
collectively called as ibadah (“state of submission”). The ibadah aims to discipline the
adherents and eliminate impostors to the Islamic faith.
The ibadah is composed of praying five times a day, fasting during the time of
Ramadan, giving of annual charity, and undertaking a pilgrimage to Mecca once in a
Muslim’s lifetime.
• The Creed (Shahada)

The basic creed of Islam that “there is no God but Allah; Muhammad is the
messenger of Allah” is known as shahada. In Arabic, the shahada is recited as
“La ilaha illa Allah; Muhammadon rasul
Allah.” These are the very first words
uttered into an infant’s ear and perhaps
the last words given to a dying Muslim.
The shahada asserts that Allah is the
only divinity and that he has relayed his
will through Muhammad (Bowker
https://bit.ly/2HyCzOa 1997).
• Obligatory Prayer (Salat)

Just as the body requires food for its daily sustenance, prayers are done for
spiritual development so that a Muslim’s
character and conduct remain sound and
healthy (Aziz 1993). Facing in the direction of
Mecca or qiblah, Muslims must offer prayers
or salat five times each and every day—
before sunrise (as-subh), noon (az-zuhr),
mid-afternoon (al-asr), immediately after https://medium.com/online-quran-school/salat-muslim-prayer-second-
pillar-of-islam-d9f8f6edadf8
sunset (al-maghreb), and before midnight
(al-isha) (Horrie & Chippindale 2003).
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• Poor Tax (Zakat)
•
Muslims who live above the subsistence level
must pay zakat or the poor tax to aid the
underprivileged Muslims. Affluent Muslims
must share their wealth to the unfortunate
ones. Originally, almsgiving was for the benefit
of the poor, widows, and orphans through an
act of charity. Later on, it became mandatory
https://bit.ly/34tPLg4 amounting to a certain percentage of a
Muslim’s total resources. Islam has never viewed begging as dishonorable
(Hopfe 1983). Zakat is not charity but an annual wealth tax that serves as just
and lawful claim of the poor against the affluent ones. The zakat is payable the
moment a Muslim has accumulated sufficient resources starting with a basic
rate which is fortieth (2.5 percent) of a person’s entire asset, including savings,
jewels, and land (Horrie & Chippindale 2003).
• Fasting (Sawm)
Fasting or sawm during the entire 30 days of Ramadan, the ninth month of the
Islamic calendar, must be performed by all Muslims every year. The Ramadan
is believed to be the month when Muhammad
received the first surah of the Quran. The sawm is
done by all Muslims to express obedience to Allah
and the readiness to relinquish pleasures in their
lives. By undertaking sawm, Muslims observe
discipline and experience the deprivations of the
poor (Bowker 1997). During this time, a Muslim
must refrain from eating, drinking, smoking, and
engaging in any sexual intimacy from dusk until
dawn. By resisting the demands of the body during http://islampillars.com/sawm
sawm, the Muslims strengthen their will. Muslims /
are reminded that they have the capacity to ignore the longing of the body or
material gratification (Frager 2002).
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• Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj) All Muslims must attempt to undertake a
pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca or hajj
(“visitation of Holy Places”) at least once in
their lifetime during the twelfth Islamic month.
The “Grand Mosque” (Al-Masjid al-Haram) in
Mecca houses the most sacred site of Islam,
the Kaaba (“House of Allah”). The Kaaba is
a cube-shaped ancient stone building that
dates back to the time of Adam and Eve
https://www.britannica.com/topic/hajj
according to Muslim tradition. Muslims
believe that the Kaaba was originally built for
the worship of God by Abraham and his son Ishmael (Belt 2001). The Kaaba
represents the end of a journey because it is the symbolic point of origin of all
creation wherein all things turn around it and from it all things radiate (Renard
1992).
d. God: Allah
Is the absolute one, the all-

powerful and all-knowing ruler of the
universe, and the creator of everything in
existence. Islam emphasizes that God is
strictly singular (tawḥīd ); unique (wāḥid );
inherently One (aḥad ); and also all-
merciful and omnipotent. According to
Islam, God is neither a material nor https://bit.ly/37ER5OT
a spiritual being. According to Islamic teachings, beyond the Throne and
according to the Quran, "No vision can grasp him, but His grasp is over all
vision: He is above all comprehension, yet is acquainted with all things.”
e. Practitioners: Sunni, Shi’ite, Sufi
• Sunni Muslims (The Sunnis)- Majority of Muslims, around 87% to 90% of

the entirety of Islam believers,
belong to the Sunni
denomination. The Sunnis
(“Followers of the Smooth Path”)
are traditionalists and are
considered the orthodox of Islam
as they endeavor to follow the
original religion established by
https://www.christianheadlines.com/news/sunni-muslims-and-
shiite-muslims-what-s-the-difference.html
Muhammad and guided 98
Abrahamic Religions by the first
14
four righteous caliphs (Hopfe 1983). These Muslims follow the sunnah
(“customary practice”) of Muhammad from which their name originated.
Sunnah pertains to the orally transmitted record of wisdom, conduct, and
sayings attributed to Muhammad and his earliest companions as recorded
in hadith.
• Shi’a (The Shi’ites)- The Shi’ite Muslims are the largest faction within the
Islam religion that separated from the rest of the community (Brown 1975).
Historically speaking, three close associates of Muhammad became
successive leaders or caliphs of Islam with the death of the founder in 632
C.E. The caliphate acted as a central
unifying agency in Islamic history.
Initially, caliphs were friends of
Muhammad that acted as virtuous
leaders of the believers. They may be
chosen by election or general
consent. Later on, the position
became hereditary resembling that of
a king (Hopfe 1983).
https://bit.ly/3ktSI5z
• Sufi - Muslims whose concern mainly dwell for a mystical union with God
are collectively called Sufis. Their name originates from the word suf that
means “woolen” since they wore coarse wool garments or robes to
symbolize poverty and denunciation of worldly pleasures (Hopfe 1983). A
Sufi can be a Sunni or Shi’ite
Muslim. The Sufi movement may
have started around the ninth
century C.E. at the time when there
came a clarion call to live a simpler
and austere life far from the
splendor and grandeur that
characterized the Abbasid Dynasty
https://www.geopolitica.ru/en/article/sufi-orders-pakistan
f. Issues: Gender Inequality, Holy War, Militant Islam and Migration
15
• Islam and Women- The role of
women in Muslim societies is a
complicated subject since their
rights vary greatly throughout
Islamic nations. While they may
experience harsh restrictions in
terms of legal rights and
employment opportunities, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-09-23/why-do-muslim-women-wear-
a-burka-niqab-or-hijab/5761510?nw=0
women rulers have emerged in the
twentieth century to lead Asian
countries such as Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Turkey (Frager 2002). Women
in Islam must accept that their roles in society vary greatly when compared
to men. Foremost, they must remain obedient to their fathers and husband.
A surah in the Quran depicts a woman’s father or husband as master and
portrays the superiority of men on women.
• The Holy War (Jihad)- One controversial requirement placed upon Muslims
by their faith concerns holy war or jihad. A frequently mistranslated term,
jihad means “effort” or “struggle” to convince unbelievers to pursue the
Muslim way of life (Fletcher 2003).
Strictly speaking, it could mean a
Muslim going to war to wipe out the
infidels in the name of Allah (Hopfe
1983). However, the method of a
jihadist can be a peaceful one, such
as living a pious life or observing the
required obligations to his faith, or
https://bit.ly/34tAeN1
through violent means, especially if
the infidels are obstinate (Fletcher 2003). Presently, jihad has remained a
vague issue especially now that Arab nations have been less than
apprehensive to commit to war as unified Muslims versus non-Muslims
(Hopfe 1983). Likewise, Islamic law opposes all violent means except in
cases of war or legally sanctioned punishment of criminals (Frager 2002).
• Militancy and Terrorism- Islam is a religion of mercy that prohibits

terrorism. During Muhammad’s time, he proscribed his soldiers to kill
women and children, and even listed murder as the second of the major sins
(Ibrahim 1997). Punishment through the use of fire was also forbidden by
Muhammad. Since Islam is a religion of peace and mercy, terrorism in all its
forms are abhorred by Muslims. Destruction of human lives, buildings,
infrastructures, shrines, and other properties are despicable in the light of
various Islamic texts (Ibrahim 1997). Muslims who promote terrorism and
https://bit.ly/34tAeN1
16
mass slaughter of innocent and helpless civilians do not embody Islamic
ideals. Their blatant disregard of Quranic teachings distorts the very
essence of Islam as a peaceful religion.
The presence of violence in Islamic
society cannot be attributed to the
teachings of Islam but to the failings of
human adherents of the religion
(Frager 2002). A person committing an
act of terrorism is guilty of violating
Islamic laws for that matter. https://bit.ly/3kGJdA0
• Migration- The late nineteenth century saw a significant migration of

Muslims from Syria, Lebanon, and Jordan to the US. After the Second World
War, European countries encouraged emigration from former colonies to
augment manpower shortages. United Kingdom today is home to more than
two million Muslims; France between four to five million Muslims; and
Germany four million Muslims (Frager 2002). In 2010, there were about 44
million Muslims in Europe, excluding
Turkey. The Muslim population in the US
and Europe continues to rise in the
present century. Islam has now become
an American religion with around six
million Muslims in population. Muslim
immigrants and their American-born
https://bit.ly/34pNuSW children number about four million in
total. Meanwhile, almost two million are American converts that are mainly
African American (Frager 2002).
Summary
• The history of Islam is closely bound with the life story of Muhammad who is
recognized by the Muslims as the last of the prophets.
• The sacred writing of the Muslims is called Quran (or Koran in English) that
literally means “recitation” or “reading.”
• The basic obligations of Muslims are called the Five Pillars of Islam or arkan al-
din and all Muslims believe and accept the entirety of these obligations. The
Five Pillars give structure and unity to all believers of the Islamic religion.
• The major denominations of Islam include Sunni, Shi’a, and Sufi.
17
What’s More
In your notebook, answer the following questions.
Task1: Tell us what you think!
1. In what way is Christianity similar to Islam?
2. How do the Five Pillars of Islam give a sense of unity and structure to the
religion as followed by all Muslims worldwide?
3. How do you think global terrorism affected Islam as a religion in the eyes
of the world? What negative effects did it have on innocent Muslims in
their everyday lives?
What I Have Learned
Share your learning Insights/reflection. In not less than 200 words fill in the following
statement on a short bond paper.
I have learned that ________________ ________________ ______.
I have realized that ________________ _________________ _____.
I will apply _____________ _________________ _______________.
What I Can Do
Task 2: What are the significant beliefs and traditions of Islam? Complete
the table below.
Beliefs Traditions
18
Task 3: Read and analyze the Ayat (Quran verse) below.
Questions:
1. What do you think does this ayat (Quran verse) imply?
2. What do you think is being displayed in this verse?
3. How important is it to believe and have faith for Muslims in
Allah?
Assessment
Directions: Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false.
1. Muhammad ibn Abdullah worked as a camel driver across the

Arabian Peninsula.
2. The longest surah has 268 ayahs.
3. Zayd ibn Thabit wrote on leather scraps, stone pieces, ribs of palm
leaves, shoulder blades of animals, and paper.
4. The zakat must be 2.5% of a person’s entire asset.
5. Ritual washing or wudu is required before prayer.
6. The Quran is binding, continuous and supreme.
7. Muslims whose concern mainly dwell for a mystical union with God
belong to Sunni Islam.
8. According to figh, human behavior may be classified into four
categories.
9. Jihad means “effort” or “struggle” to convince unbelievers to pursue
the Muslim way of life.
10. Salat is done before sunset, noon, mid-afternoon, after sunset,
and after midnight.
19
Share your Thoughts!

1. How is Allah described in the surah?
2. What does the worshipper hope for regarding his or relationship with Allah?
Answer Key
References
BOOKS
Ali, Abdullah Yusuf (trans.). The Quran. New Delhi: Goodword Books, 2003.
Aziz, Zahid. Introduction to Islam. Ohio: Ahmadiyya Anjuman Isha ‘at Islam Lahore, Inc.,
1993.
Belt, Don (ed.). The World of Islam. Washington D.C.: National Geographic Society, 2001.
Cragg, Kenneth. Muhammad and the Christian: A Question of Response. Makati City: St.
Pauls, 2004.
Fletcher, Richard. The Cross and the Crescent: The dramatic story of the earliest
encounters between Christians and Muslims. London: penguin Books, 2003.
Frager, Robert. The Wisdom of Islam: An introduction to the living experience of Islamic
belief and practice. New York: Barron’s Educational Series, Inc., 2002.
Horrie, Chris & Peter Chippindale. What is Islam? London: Virgin Books Ltd., 2003.
Ibrahim, I. A. A Brief Illustrated Guide to Understanding Islam. Houston: Darussalam,
1997.
Jomier, Jacques. How to Understand Islam. New York: The Crossroad Publishing Company,
1999.
Karabell, Zachary. People of the Book: The Forgotten History of Islam and the West.
London: John Murray, 2007. Renard, John. In the Footsteps of Muhammad: Understanding
the Islamic Experience. Makati City: St. Pauls, 1998.
TEACHERS GUIDE
https://www.allaboutreligion.org/origin-of-islam.htm
https://www.biography.com/religiousfigure/muhammadhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isl
am
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/Dark_vignette_Al-Masjid_AL-
Nabawi_Door800x600x300.jpg
20
https://www.islamforchristians.com/dictionary-duplication-identity-chapters-bible-
quran/
https://muslimskeptic.com/2017/06/09/1062/
https://www.learnreligions.com/quran-2004556
https://funci.org/the-miracle-of-numbers-in-the-quran/?lang=en
https://medium.com/online-quran-school/salat-muslim-prayer-second-pillar-of-islam-
d9f8f6edadf8
http://islampillars.com/sawm/
https://www.britannica.com/topic/hajj
https://www.geopolitica.ru/en/article/sufi-orders-pakistan
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-09-23/why-do-muslim-women-wear-a-burka-
niqab-or-hijab/5761510?nw=0
21

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Systems
Quarter 1 – Module 8: Hinduism
i
Quarter 1 – Module 8: Hinduism
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government


Writer: Darlene Ann Y. Bersa
Reviewer: Divina May S. Medez
Illustrator: Typesetter
Nilita L. Ragay, Ed.D. Carmelita A. Alcala, Ed.D.

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
i
12
Introduction to
World Religions
and Belief
Systems
Hinduism
ii

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Hinduism!

body of the module:

iii
For the learner:

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Hinduism!

module.

What I Know
module.

or a situation.

What’s More
iv
competency.
lesson learned.

module.

answers.
with it.
you are not alone.

can do it!
v
What I Need to Know
Dharmic religions emerged from the vast subcontinent of India. These religions,
Hinduism and the two branches of Buddhism (Mahayana and Theravada), commonly
believe in dharma with each religion having their own special meaning for the term but
has no exact translation in western country. Dharmic religions have a great multitude
of followers all over the world.
Analyze the brief history, core teachings, fundamental beliefs, practices, and
related issues of Hinduism. (HUMSS_WRB12-I/IIIj-II/IVa-8.1)
• Identify the brief history, core beliefs, practices, and related issues of Hinduism.
• Illustrate a particular form of yoga.
• Value Hinduism as a way of life and belief system.
1
What I Know
Direction: Read each item carefully and use your notebook to write your answers.
I. True or False: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is incorrect.
1. Atharva Veda is the book for curses and charms.

2. In Hinduism, the people that do not belong to the caste system are called
“brahmins”
3. Vedas is the longest poem in the world.
4. The sacred scriptures in Hinduism are called Mahabharata.
5. Vishnu is the creator of the universe
6. Rig-Veda is the oldest living religious literature in the world.
7. Jnana yoga means the way of knowledge.
8. Soul in Hinduism is called atman.
9. Karma Yoga is the path of action, service to others and remembering the
levels of our being while fulfilling our actions
10. The word Yoga means to yoke.
What’s In
In Module 7, you have explored how the three Abrahamic religions- Judaism,
Christianity and Islam share commonalities and differences with one another. One
most notable commonality is their belief in Abraham as the patriarch of the three
religions- considered “the Father of Many Nations”.
Before we study another religion established in the region called Eastern End, try
accomplishing this review activity first.
Directions: Read each element of the Abrahamic religions below, then identify what
specific religion is described herein. Write J for Judaism, I for Islam and C for
Christianity in your notebook.
____1. Its adherents believe that God made a special covenant with Abraham
and that he and his descendants were chosen people who woul d
create a great nation.
___2. Its morality is based on the Ten Commandments that were in the
Bible.
2
___3. The concept of submission in this religion can be literally observed in
the way the Muslims worship: with their foreheads touching the ground
in worship of Allah.
___4. God may have the best plans for us, but our actions and decisions determines
whether God’s plans will materialize or not.
___5. With patriarchal society as its origin, it propagates an unequal view of men
and women because of the belief that men are superior to women.
What’s New
Task 1: Word Map

Gather as many words associated with the word Hinduism. Write your answers in
your notebook.
HINDUISM
3
What is It
Hinduism
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fthirdhour.org%2Fblog%2Ffaith%2Fhinduism-mormonism-pt-1%2F&psig=AOvVaw1cTwhx6sZ-
mu3NTAy8zW8-&ust=1597053253353000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCNifrpTtjesCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
Origin
Hinduism or Sanatana Dharma, which means eternal faith, or the eternal way things
are (truth) is more than a religion. It is a culture, a way of life, and a code of behavior.
Hinduism has complex roots and involves a vast array of practices and a host of
deities. Hinduism derives from the Persian word hindu and the Sanskrit word Sindhu
which means “river”. Hinduism began about 4000 years ago in India. It was the religion
of an ancient people known as the Aryans ("noble people") whose philosophy, religion,
and customs are recorded in their sacred texts known as the Vedas.
The name Hinduism was given in the nineteenth century to describe the wide array
of belief in India. Hinduism was originally known as “Aryan Dharma” or the “Aryan
Way”. Between 1750 B.C.E. and 1200 B.C.E., Aryan conquerors moved to the Indus
Valley and brought with them their own sets of belief that eventually mingled with the
religion of the natives. Aryans brought with them their sets of beliefs based on oral
texts known as Vedas.
Sacred Scriptures
The way of music, dances, drama and recitation were the sacred text of Hinduism
that is passed down throughout the generations. The sacred writing of Hindus are
categorized into two classes, the shruti and smriti.
4
Shruti
Literally means “that which is heard”, regarded as eternal truth that were passed
orally until the present age wherein the Aryans came to write them down. The four
collections of the text of the Vedas form the shruti and are considered primary sources
and the most authoritative texts of the Hindu faith.
Vedas
The word Veda means “knowledge” or Sacred Lore”. The four basic Vedic books,
which are sacrificial hymns compiled from an earlier oral tradition, are composed of
Rig-veda, Sama-veda, Yajur-veda, and Atharva-veda.
Rig Veda
The most important and oldest book that dates to around 1500 B.C.E. The oldest
work of literature in an Indo-European language is also the oldest living religious
literature of the world. The book is a collection of over a thousand hymns and more
than a thousand verses dedicated to the Aryan pantheon of gods.
Yajur- Veda
The “Knowledge of rites”. This book is a compilation of materials recited during
rituals and sacrifices to deities.
Sama-Veda
The “Knowledge of chants”. This book is a collection of verses from the basic hymns
recited by priests during sacrifices.
Atharva- Veda
The “Knowledge given by the sage Atharva”. This book contains rituals used in
homes and popular prayers to gods. Atharva contains numerous spells and
incantations for medical purposes and magical aids to victory in battle, among others.
Each Vedas consist of four main parts.
• Mantras- are hymns and chants for praising god.
• Brahmanas- are explanations of the Mantras with detailed descriptions of the
sacrificial ceremonies related to them.
• Aranyakas- are meditations that explicate their meaning.
• Upanishads- secret teaching transcend rituals to elucidate the nature of the
universe and human’s connectedness to it.
Smriti
Smriti literally means “that which has been remembered. Most of the text are
sectarian and of lesser importance than shruti.
• Ramayana- translated as the “Story of Rama” or “Rama’s Journey”. The epic
Sanskrit poem was written by the poet Valmiki between 200 B.C.E. to 200 C.E.
The story is centered in Rama, a prince and later portrayed as avatar
5
(incarnation) of the Hindu god Vishnu. Presently, this story is danced out and
acted in Southeast Asia where Hindu influence is observed.
• Mahabharata- the world’s longest poem and another major Sanskrit literature
of old India which is composed of around one hundred thousand verses.
• Bhagavad Gita- which is translated as “the Lord’s Song” a celebrated episode
within the Mahabharata. Considered as one of the holiest books by the Hindus.
Beliefs and Doctrines

Devotion to Trimurti
• Brahman- the ultimate reality, one and undivided. Brahman is often seen in
three forms called the Trimurti (creation, preservation, and destruction).
These functions are expressed in gods’ form:
Gods/Deities Form Attributes

Brahma Four heads and eight hands The creator
Vishnu Incarnation or avatars The preserver
Shiva The destroyer
Routes of Moksha
• From the Upanishads one may find the three principal and inter-related
doctrines.
1. Every soul dies and reborn anew in new form (this cycle is called
samsara).
2. One’s deeds have an effect in this or a future life
- The moral law or Karma
3. One may escape the weary round of death and rebirth.
- A soul may escape the cycle of birth and rebirth and attain Moksha.
• Within every human is an eternal soul or the Atman that is being reborn many
times in various forms in accordance with the moral law or karma. To attain
moksha the liberation can be achieved through the four yoga’s (to yoke or to
join) that involves a system of practices aimed at producing spiritual
enlightenment.
6
Yoga
The Four Yoga Practices
Jnana yoga (the way of The path of knowledge, wisdom, introspection,
Knowledge) and contemplation
Bhakti yoga (the way of Love) The path of devotion, emotion, love,
compassion, and service to God and others
Karma yoga (the way of Work) The path of action, service to others,
mindfulness, and remembering the levels of our
being while fulfilling our actions or karma in the
world.
Raja yoga (the way of The path of meditation that directly deals with the
Meditation) encountering and transcending thoughts of the
mind.
https://fitsri.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/4-paths-of-yoga.jpg
https://bit.ly/36Icq7V
• For all Hindus, there are four desirable goals of life or Purushartha.
1. Dharma – the appropriate behavior
2. Artha – the pursuit of legitimate worldly success
3. Kama – the pursuit of legitimate pleasure
4. Moksha – release from rebirth.
Worships and Observances

Hindu scriptures states that there are 330 million gods or devas. Hindu worship or
puja involves images(murtis), prayers(mantras), and diagrams of the universe
(yantras). Integral to Hindu worship are the sacred images and temples believed to
house and represent the deities. Most Hindus worship individually involving mantras
or vibrating sounds that summon the deity and the prasad or gift offering.
7
Hindus celebrate a number of festivals that are based on the Hindus calendar and
often related seasonal changes. Main festivals include Holi, Diwali, and Dussehra. The
Diwali or the “festival of lights” is India’s biggest and most important holiday of the year
held in October or November that is similar to Christmas holidays of the Christians.
Caste System
The caste system is one of the major distinguishing features of Indian culture. A
system of social class in which a social hierarchy is maintained for generations and
allows little mobility out of the position to which a person is born. This social class is
composed of the Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras, opportunities are
based on their family origins.
What’s More
Task 2: Which caste system does the subject in the following pictures belong to?
Write your answer in your activity notebook.
1. 2.
https://images.summitmedia-digital.com/spotph/images/articles/mb_sweepinside.jpg https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/761952830677322255/
Caste
Brahmins Order of the Priests, and law givers.
Kshatriyas The fighting and the ruling class (Kings and
Warriors)
Vaishyas The commercial, agricultural and pastural pursuits
(Merchants, Craftsman, Landowners, and Skilled
workers)
Shudras To give service to the other three class (Farmed
workers, Unskilled workers, and Servants)
Dalits They perform the most menial of jobs, receives the
(Untouchable/ Outcasts) lowest wages and have the most appalling living
conditions and sometimes considered not belong to
the caste. (street sweepers, clean up human/animal
waste, and deals with dead bodies)
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
8
3. 4.
https://bit.ly/2JT4CZl https://bit.ly/38BnuGz
____________________________ _________________________
5.
https://bit.ly/2Uo2gUs
_______________________________________________________
What I Have Learned
9
What I Can Do
Task 3: Make a poster on the four types of Yoga. Use a long size bondpaper in this
activity.
RUBRIC FOR POSTER
CRITERIA DESCRIPTION POINTS POINTS
OBTAINED
Organization The concept was clearly and creatively
10
conveyed.
Content Concepts are clearly used as explained. 5
Visual The idea was clearly presented based on
Presentation the words used. 5
Total: 20
Assessment
Directions: Read each item carefully and use your notebook to write your answers.
Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is incorrect.
1. The word Yoga means to yoke.

2. Vedas is the longest poem in the world
3. In Hinduism, the people that do not belong to the caste system are called
“brahmins “.
4. The sacred scriptures in Hinduism are called Mahabharata.
5. Vishnu is the creator of the universe
6. Rig-Veda is the oldest living religious literature in the world.
7. Jnana yoga means the way of knowledge.
8. Soul in Hinduism is called atman.
9. Karma Yoga is the path of action, service to others and remembering the
levels of our being while fulfilling our actions
10. Atharva Veda is the book for curses and charms.
10
ANCIENT SOCIAL CLASSES IN THE PHILIPPINES. Even during pre-colonial

times, some cultural groups in the country, have already developed their distinct social
groups. One of them are the Tagalogs who then has three classes of people.
Directions: Identify the caste and respective role of the specific class of people
reflected in the pictures below. Pick your answers from the given box and write them
in your notebook.
1.
http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/metsnav/common/navigate.do?pn=104&size=screen&oid=VAB8326
Caste:_______________________
Role:________________________
2. 3.
http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/metsnav/common/n http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/metsnav/common/navigat
avigate.do?pn=112&size=screen&oi e.do?pn=112&size=screen&oi=VAB8326
d=VAB8326 d=VAB8326
Caste:_______________________ Caste:_______________________
Role:________________________ Role:________________________
Commoners Nobles Slaves

They are not obliged to pay tax or tribute to the dat
They serve their master in his house and on his cultivated lands, and may be sold.
They live in their own houses, and are lords of their property and gold.
11
Answer Key
References
BOOK
Abrera, Maria Bernadette I.et al. Araling Panlipunan 7: Mga Saksi ng Kasaysa-yang
Pilipino. Pasig City: DepEd- Instructional Materials Council Secretariat, 2013.
INTERNET RESOURCES
https://www.uri.org/kids/world-religions/hindu-beliefs
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-asia/beginners-guide-asian-
culture/hindu-art-culture/a/roots-of-hinduism
https://bit.ly/3pryg8j
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fthirdhour.org%2Fblog%2Ff
aith%2Fhinduism-mormonism-pt-1%2F&psig=AOvVaw1cTwhx6sZ-mu3NTAy8zW8-
&ust=1597053253353000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCNifrpTtje
sCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fthirdhour.org%2Fblog%2Ff
aith%2Fhinduism-mormonism-pt-1%2F&psig=AOvVaw1cTwhx6sZ-mu3NTAy8zW8-
&ust=1597053253353000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCNifrpTtje
sCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
https://bit.ly/2Uo2gUs
https://bit.ly/38BnuGz
https://bit.ly/2JT4CZl
https://images.summitmedia-digital.com/spotph/images/articles/mb_sweepinside.jpg
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-asia/beginners-guide-asian-
culture/hindu-art-culture/a/roots-of-hinduism) .
https://www.uri.org/kids/world-religions/hindu-beliefs).
12

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Religions and Belief Systems
Comparative Analysis on the Abrahamic
Religions
Quarter 1 – Module 7: Comparative Analysis on Abrahamic Religions
First Edition, 2020


Writer: Darlene Ann Y. Bersa
Illustrator:

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
12
Introduction to
World Religions
and Belief
Systems
Comparative Analysis on
Abrahamic Religions
Welcome to the Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Comparative Analysis on
Abrahamic Religions!

body of the module:

ii
For the learner:

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Comparative Analysis on the
Abrahamic Religions!

module.

What I Know
module.

or a situation.

What’s More
iii
competency.
lesson learned.

module.

answers.
with it.
you are not alone.

can do it!
iv
What I Need to Know
In the previous module, you have been introduced to the teachings and
doctrines of the second largest group and one of the fastest growing religions in
the world—Islam. You have learned how and why Muslims adhere strictly to their
faith as they universally follow the “Five Pillars of Islam.” In this module, we will
study how Judaism, Christianity, and Islam manifest uniqueness and similarities—
as well as their relevance in the world today.
Compare and contrast the uniqueness and similarities of Judaism,

Christianity, and Islam. (HUMSS_WRB12-I/IIIi-7.1-4)
• Identify the similarities and differences of the three Abrahamic religions-

Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
• Create an essay on the three Abrahamic religions.
• Value the common roots of the three Abrahamic religions.
1
What I Know
I. Direction: Match the items in Column A with their corresponding

answers in Column B. Write only the letter of your choice in your
activity notebook.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. One of Abraham’s wives a. Shmail
2. Last Prophet b. Sarah
3. Father of Israel c. Muhammad
4. Sarah’s lady in waiting d. Rebecca
5. Father of the 12 tribes of e. Jacob
Israel f. Khadija
6. Mohammed’s uncle g. Isaac
7. Patriarch h. Abu Talib
8. Abraham’s second son i. Hagar
9. Wife of Isaac j. Abraham
10. Mohammad’s first wife
II. True or False: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and False if it is
incorrect. Answers should be written in your activity notebook.
1. _____ Canaan was the land that God promised to Abraham.

2. _____ Prophet Muhammad was the messenger of God.
3. _____ In Islamic law, a man should be given dowry or property by the
wife upon marriage.
4. _____ In Judaism, men are superior to women, hence they are excluded
from priesthood and from numerous religious duties.
5. _____ Christianity considered following Jesus Christ footsteps as a basis
of morality.
2
What’s In
Five Pillars of Islam. Match the specific pillar (column A) with its appropriate meaning
in column B. Write the letter of the correct answer in your activity notebook.
A B
1. shahada a. pilgrimage to the holy city
of Mecca
2. salat b. Muslims must offer
prayers five times each
3. zakat
and every day
4. sawm c. Fasting
d. Muslims’ obligations is the
5. hajj declaration of their
statement of belief
e. poor tax to aid the
underprivileged Muslims
What’s New
Direction: Answer the following questions in your activity notebook.
1. What are the manifestations of the uniqueness and similarities of Judaism,

Christianity, and Islam?
2. Why do the Three Abrahamic religions trace their common roots to Abraham?
3. How relevant are Judaism, Christianity, and Islam in the world today, with
Christianity and Islam being the world’s most popular religion in terms of numbers
of adherents?
4. What are the views for women in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?
3
What is It
https://bit.ly/2FJQOyv
ORIGIN
➢ JUDAISM
- a monotheistic religion and the oldest among the three Abrahamic
religion beginning at around 3,500 B.C.E.
- Israelites traces the origin of their nation and their religion as well to one
family distinct from other groups of people in Southwest Asia by the
virtue of belief in one God.
- Jews believe that God made a special covenant with Abraham
and that he and his descendants were chosen people who would
create a great nation. ( https://www.history.com/topics/religion/judaism )
- Abraham’s son Isaac, and his grandson Jacob, also became
central figures in ancient Jewish history. Jacob took the name
Israel, and his children and future generations became known as
Israelites. ( https://www.history.com/topics/religion/judaism )
- Being the heir to the covenant, made a pact with God that they will be
liberated from Egyptian enslavement if they will continue to follow God’s
commandments.
➢ CHRISTIANITY
- A monotheistic religion and the second oldest religion were formed
around 33 C.E. in an area Palestine.
- Christians trace their origins to Jesus Christ, born around 4 B.C.E. while
the area was under the Roman Empire.
4
- It was a time of social disorder, political turmoil, armed uprising, poverty,
heavy taxation, food shortage and epidemic.
- To put down rebellion those who participated in the armed uprising were
crucified which incidentally was how Jesus Christ was punished as well.
- In this context Jesus was born and in his late twenties he started to
preach about the coming of the Kingdom of God. He was baptized by
another prophet, John the Baptist and had 12 men as his disciples.
- His public ministry was considered a threat to Romans authority, so he
was arrested, whipped, and crucified as a penalty for what he did.
- The essence of Christianity revolves around the life, death, and
Christian beliefs on the resurrection of Jesus. Christians believe
God sent his son Jesus, the messiah, to save the world. They
believe Jesus was crucified on a cross to offer the forgivenes s of
sins and was resurrected three days after his death before
ascending to heaven. ( https://www.history.com/topics/religion/history-of-christianity) but He
promised that he will come back in the same way that His disciples saw
Him go into heaven.
➢ ISLAM
- The second largest religion and the youngest of the Abrahamic religions,
started around 622 C.E., considered to be the beginning of the Islamic
calendar.
- Islam started in Mecca, in modern-day Saudi Arabia, during the
time of the prophet Muhammad’s life or the “Seal of the Prophet”.
Today, the faith is spreading rapidly throughout the worl d.
( https://www.history.com/topics/religion/islam)
- The word Islam is an Arabic word which means “submission” or
“surrender” and is also related to “salaam”, the Arabic word for peace.
- It originated in Mecca, which is found in the Arabian Peninsula, with
Muhammad, considered the last prophet or “Seal of the Prophet”.
- Muhammad was born and raised in Mecca by his uncle Abu Talib, work
as an assistant to a rich widow Khadija whom he later married and
meditated on certain issues such as unequal distribution of wealth,
5
leading to a great divide between the rich and poor, as well as the
possession of slaves.
- During one of his visits to a cave angel Gabriel appeared before him,
delivering the message of Allah that he was chosen to found a new
religion and preach that Allah is the only God that should be worshiped.
- His teaching of equality and brotherhood threatened the power of the
rich Qurashy tribe so was forced to escape to Medina to avoid
persecution. This happened in 622 C.E. and was known as Hegira.
❖ If we compare the origins of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, we can see that
they share more commonalities than differences. They all developed during
the time of political turmoil and social inequalities. The conditions in society
were ripe for the birth of religion which would serve as the liberating force that
would provide the people with hope for a better life. It is noteworthy that all
three religions developed belief in one God or monotheism. The role of angels
as messengers of God was also evident among the three religions. The story
of creation was also shared by the three religions, with the universe and the
first man and woman being created by God, but then they were tempted by evil
and were banished from paradise, hence the need to follow God’s
commandments to restore humanity’s relationship with God. Lastly, one of the
most important commonalities is the belief in Abraham as the patriarch of the
three religions- “the Father of Many Nations”.
MORALITY
➢ JUDAISM
- Morality and ethics are based on the covenant between the Jews and
God that they are God’s chosen people and in return, they should follow
the 613 commandments (mitzvoth) found in the Torah which was
summarized into Ten Commandments.
- Murder, adultery, and theft are prohibited which is quite like Christianity
and Islam. However, Judaism adopts retribution or the philosophy “an
eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.”
- Jewish morality and ethics are also based on a principle of treating
others as you would have yourself treated by others.
6
- Its morality and ethics are also based in the religious law Halakha which
gives prescribed rules in their day-to-day living.
➢ CHRISTIANITY
- Its morality is based on the Ten Commandments that were in the Bible.
Thus, murder, adultery, and theft are also considered evil and should be
avoided if one wants to live a moral life.
- To love God above all else and to love your neighbor as you love yourself
is emphasized in the Ten Commandments.
- Living an exemplary life means following Jesus Christ who lived a life for
others and even died for the forgiveness and salvation of mankind.
- When one is led astray from God’s teachings, the sacraments will help
in reconciling to God, e.g. the Sacrament of Confession.
- Unlike Judaism, Christianity does not advocate for retribution since
Christians are advised to love their enemies.
➢ ISLAM
- Islamic concept of morality is based on having faith in one God, which is
manifested in exhibiting righteousness and piety.
- Muslims are expected to practice moral righteousness in their everyday
lives.
- If Christianity’s morality is based on the Bible, Islam has Quran that
explains its concept of morality.
- Charity is significant and is reflected in one of the Five Pillars of Islam,
the Zakat, in which Muslims are obliged to give alms to the less fortunate.
- Vanity is strongly discouraged as it is not pleasing to God, as well as
attachment to material possessions on earth.
- Being accountable to God is also another important thing for Muslims for
nothing can be hidden from God and he will be the one to judge people
of their sins when the judgment day comes.
- Acts that can harm the individual and society are considered immoral.
- Based on the Quran, the need to possess traits such as holiness and
righteousness are guidelines in becoming morally good.
7
PURPOSE
➢ JUDAISM
- Jewish people were considered as the “Chosen People of God” and
because of that, they should strive to become god-like and possess the
attributes and traits of God by being holy.
- The ultimate purpose in life for the Jews was to praise God as the
Creator of the universe and imitate God or become God-like.
- Living in the likeness of God will guide Jews on how to treat themselves,
their families, communities, and the world.
➢ CHRISTIANITY
- The purpose of life for the Christians is to love and serve God, who
created the universe purposefully.
- Just like in Judaism, Christianity also advocate the belief that human
beings were created in God's image and this enables them to have some
understanding of God and His divine plan.
- God granted human beings with reason and free will. Hence human
beings are capable of committing sins; however, these sins do not
devalue a person in the eyes of God, believing that everyone is capable
of redemption, including sinners.
➢ ISLAM
- As with Judaism and Christianity, the purpose of life according to Islam
is to love and serve God.
- The fact that Islam means “surrender” means that a Muslim must submit
to Allah and recognize Mohammad as His prophet. This concept of
submission can be literally observed in the way the Muslims worship:
with their foreheads touching the ground in worship of Allah.
- Muslims become worthy followers of God by doing good deeds, being
honest, and obeying God's will as be contained in the Quran and the law.
8
DESTINY
➢ JUDAISM
- Judaism believed in predetermination, which means that God is in control on
everything except for the free will of humanity.
- God gives us free will to decide or choose goodness over evil, God allows
people into different situations in life. The main reason why God puts people in
a certain situation in life is for them to serve God according to their destiny.
- God allows people to be poor so that they will serve God and be blessed, while
this puts the rich in an easier situation to serve God and if they fail despite in
an advantageous situation, they will be punished all the more.
- God places each and every one in different situations to challenge us to do our
best in serving Him no matter the circumstances are.
- God may prolong the wicked life to repent or take away life even before his/her
predestined to stop doing evil. Good people’s life may be taken away before
God’s plan so that he/she will no longer fight evil or prolong his/her life to
continue the good works.
➢ CHRISTIANITY
- God wanted humanity to be saved for hell is created not for humans but
for Satan and his demons. 2 Peter 2:4 said For if God did not spare angels
when they sinned, but sent them to hell,[a] putting them in chains of
darkness[b] to be held for judgment.

(https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+peter+2%3A4&version=NIV)
- God gave us the free will, so it is up to us to claim that salvation. For

Roman Catholics, doing good deeds will merit salvation, while for
Protestants faith in Jesus Christ and accepting Him as Their Savior will
earn us eternal life.
- Therefore, in Christianity, God may have the best plans for us but our
actions and decisions determines whether God’s plans will materialize
or not.
9
➢ ISLAM
- Predestination is emphasized more in Islam. In fact, this is the reason
why Islam is considered not only a religion but a way of life, and life in
Muslim revolves around the worship of Allah.
- Just like Judaism and Christianity, Muslim believes that they are given
free will by God which allows them to live their lives as they wish. But
unlike Judaism and Christianity wherein free will might lead people to
disobey God’s plan, in Islam even the decision they make out of free
will is governed by God’s will.
- Muslim believes that if something is not meant to happen it will not
happen no matter how hard you tried. And if something is willed by God
to happen, it will happen no matter how hard you prevent it.
- Everything, even bad things are allowed by God to happen for a certain
purpose which only He comprehends; it may be to teach people a
lesson, to punish them for their wrong doings, or to serve as a warning
for other people to repent.
VIEWS ON WOMEN
➢ JUDAISM
- Originated from a patriarchal society, propagates an unequal view of
men and women because of the belief that men are superior to women
where women are excluded from the priesthood and from numerous
religious duties.
- Because of their “natural” child-rearing functions the impure state
attributed to women when giving birth especially to a girl, women are
considered impure for about half of each month because of
menstruation.
- Divorce is also allowed in Judaism, with men easily divorcing their wives.
➢ CHRISTIANITY
- Christianity have more positive regards for women if we are to analyze
how Jesus treated women. In the New Testament, Jesus spoke
frequently to women and allowed them to be included in His followers.
10
- He preached that men and women have equal capacity of eternal
salvation of our soul, and advised everybody, regardless of their sex ,
that they should not let domestic chores hinder them from serving God.
- However after the death and resurrection of Jesus it changed the course
of Christianity’s positive view for women, for after the conversion of the
Roman Emperor Constantine, the Roman empire became responsible
for the formation of Christian Churches using the Romans political
structure as the model which are very hierarchical and patriarchal.
- The role of women in Catholic Churches was downplayed to the extent
of excluding women from priesthood.
➢ ISLAM
- Islam treats men and women equally for it is stated in Quran that men
and women are equal to the eyes of God and expected to fulfill the same
duties. Ummah the community of believers that promotes equality
among all race, ethnicities, and gender, is supposed to have high
regards for women.
- It is also stated in the Islamic Law that women should be given dowry or
property given by the husband upon marriage, and that they have the
right of inheritance and property ownership, and women leaders in the
History of Muslim expansion In West Asia and even Europe.
- However, certain Islamic practices contradict the claim that Islam has
high regards for women. Some of this practice are limited access to
education, seclusion, strict veiling, polygamy, slavery, and concubinage
or the practice of having mistresses.
- Men can have up to four wives if they can support financially and
guarantee that they be treated equally. Meanwhile, women are allowed
only one husband and if they are caught with another man, they will be
punished by stoning them to death.
- In Islamic practices, if a woman is raped, she must produce four
witnesses to prove that she was raped, and failure to do so would
invalidate her case and would be penalized by lashing in pubic.
- Strict veiling is also an issue raised by feminists against Islam- some
practices requires only hijab, a head covering worn in public; some
11
requires the burka, a long loose garment covering the whole body from
head to feet. The practice of Purdah or strict veiling of women in Islam
is symbolic of their subordination and literally inhibits their social mobility.
What’s More
Task 1: Complete the Venn Diagram below by writing down the differences and
similarities of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. Make a brief explanation of your work.
CHISTIANITY
JUDAISM
ISLAM
Task 2: Make a poster showing the commonalities among the three Abrahamic
Religions. Use the rubric below as a guide. Use a separate long bond paper for this
activity.
RUBRIC FOR POSTER

OBTAINED
Organization The concept was
clearly and creatively 10
conveyed.
Content The illustration were
appropriate to the 5
theme.
Visual The idea was clearly
5
Presentation presented based on
12
the pictures and words
used.
Total: 20
What I Have Learned
Write your reflection in this lesson using the format below: Do it in your notebook.
What I Can Do
Task 3: Copy the table below in your activity notebook except for the statements on
Column 1. Just indicate the Number of the statement for easy reference. Put a check
(∕ ) on the appropriate Abrahamic religion that believes in the statements found under
the first column.
Beliefs/ Practices CHRISTIANITY JUDAISM ISLAM
1. Believes in angel as the
messenger of God.
2. One of the oldest monotheistic
religion.
3. Believes in the direct covenant
with God.
13
4. This religion was developed
during a political turmoil and social
inequalities.
5. Believes in Abraham as a
prophet of God.
Assessment
I. Write the letter of the correct answer which corresponds to the statements
given below. Use your activity notebook.
a. Patriarchy f. Predestiny
b. Purdah g. Ummah
c. Burka h. Ishmael
d. Hijab i. Isaac
e. Polygamy j. Jacob
1. Islamic practices of strict veiling.

2. A long loose covering used by Muslim women to hide their body
including the face.
3. Head covering used by Muslim women.
4. The son of Abraham from Hagar, Sarah’s lady in waiting.
5. Belief that all events are determined in advance by divine will or fate.
6. Isaac’s son and the father of the 12 tribes of Israel.
7. Abraham’s son from his wife Sarah.
8. A system of society wherein the father or eldest male is considered
the head of family and lineage is traced through the male line.
9. A partnership wherein a man has many wives.
10. Concept of equality among all races, ethnicities, and gender.
14
I. Essay: Write an essay on how the position of women in the three Abrahamic
religions may be improved. Use the rubric below as a guide. Do it in your
notebook.
RUBRIC FOR POSTER

OBTAINED
Organization The concept was clearly and creatively
10
conveyed.
Content Concepts are clearly used as explained. 5
Visual The idea was clearly presented based on
5
Presentation the words used.
Total: 20
15
Answer Key
16
References
TEACHERS GUIDE
https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Three-Monotheistic-Religions-
Doodle-Notes-and-powerpoint-4297557
https://www.history.com/topics/religion/judaism
https://www.history.com/topics/religion/judaism
https://www.history.com/topics/religion/history-of-christianity
https://www.history.com/topics/religion/islam
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+peter+2%3A4&version=NIV
https://languages.oup.com/google-dictionary-en
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fiminist
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/halakha
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/patriarch
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Quran
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Torah
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Zakat
17

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Religions and Belief Systems
Core Teaching of Christianity and its
Elements
Quarter 1 – Module 5: Core Teaching of Christianity and its Elements
First Edition, 2020


Writer: Peter L. Togle
Editors: Laurice Kathe T. Inso; Catherine A. Credo
Illustrator:

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
12
Introduction to
World Religions
and Belief
Systems
Core Teaching of Christianity
and its Elements
Welcome to the Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems

Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Core Teaching of Christianity
and its Elements!

body of the module:

ii
For the learner:
Welcome to the Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Core Teaching of Christianity and its
Elements!

module.

What I Know
module.

or a situation.

What’s More
iii
competency.
lesson learned.

module.

answers.
with it.
you are not alone.

can do it!
iv
What I Need to Know
Examine the brief history, core teachings, fundamental beliefs, practices, and related
issues of Christianity.
Content Standards:
a. Founder: Jesus Christ (c. 7 BC30 A.D.)
b. Sacred texts: Bible (Old Testament and New Testament)
c. Doctrines: Trinity, Virgin Birth, Deity of Christ, Resurrection, Last
Judgment
d: God: Trinity (Father, Son and Holy Spirit)
e. Sects: Roman Catholic, Greek/Eastern Orthodox, Protestantism, etc.
f. Issues: Ecumenism, Sexuality issues (e.g., contraception, homosexuality,
ordination of women)
Performance Standards:
The learner interviews a Christian parent or couple on why they are Christians and
what beliefs and practices they adhere to.

K - Explain the core teaching of Christianity.
S - Initiate an interview with a Christian couple.
A - Display compassion as the core teaching of Christianity.
1
What I Know
Direction: Read each item carefully and use your notebook to write your answers.
Read and analyze each sentence. Write T if the statement is TRUE and write F if the
statement is FALSE.
_________1. Christianity is a monotheistic religion.
_________2. Old Testament is composed of 27 books written around 50 to
100 C.E. and is composed of two sections: The Gospels which
tell the story of Jesus (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John); and
the letters (or Epistles), written by various Christian leaders to
serve as guide to the early Christian communities.
_________3. Jesus Christ was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious
leader.
_________4. Christians believe in the Holy Trinity, which means that God is
composed of three persons: God the Father, the Son (Jesus
Christ), and the Holy Spirit.
_________5. The core teaching of Christianity is the love of oneself.
_________6. Monotheism is the belief in one god who is more powerful than
the rest.
_________ 7. The biblical account of creation is commonly and naturally
taught alongside the theory of evolution.
_________ 8. Christianity is the largest of the world’s religions.
_________ 9. Islam, Judaism and Christianity all have their roots in the
middle east.
_________ 10. The New Testament focuses on the life of Jesus and the spread
of early Christianity.
2
What’s In
In the previous module, you have been introduced to the elements of Judaism
such as its core teachings, principal beliefs, practices and selected issues. Prior to
taking up the new lesson in this module, let us first review your learning by completing
the missing information in the concept map below. Choose your answers inside the
word bank.
JUDAISM
Founder Sacred Texts Subdivisions/ Sects Selected issues
1.____________ 2.____________ 4. __________ 8.____________

__
3. __________ 5. __________ 9. ___________
__ __
6. __________ 10.___________
__ _
7.____________
WORD BANK
Talmud Women’s Role Holocaust Orthodox Judaism
Bible Moses Reform Judaism Conservative
Hasidism Anti- Semitism Torah
3
What’s New
Read and analyze the poem below, then answer the questions that follow in
your activity notebook.
When I say, “I am a Christian”
by Carol Wimmer

I’m not shouting, “I’ve been saved!”
I’m whispering, “I get lost!
That’s why I chose this way”.
I don’t speak with human pride
I’m confessing that I stumble –
Needing God to be my guide
I’m not trying to be strong
I’m professing that I’m weak
And pray for strength to carry on.
I’m not bragging of success
I’m admitting that I’ve failed
And cannot ever pay the debt.
I don’t think I know it all
I submit to my confusion
Asking humbly to be taught.
I’m not claiming to be perfect
My flaws are all too visible
But God believes I’m worth it.
I still feel the sting of pain
I have my share of heartache,
Which is why I seek His name.
I do not wish to judge
I have no authority…
I only know I’m loved
4
Questions:
1. What is the poem all about?
2. What does being a Christian mean according to the author?
3. What is your idea on the essence of being a Christian? Do you agree with
the author’s perspective? Why or why not?
Christianity is considered the most popular religion in the world with the greatest
number of adherents among all religions. Starting around the 1st century C.E., it
developed out of Judaism during the reign of the Roman Empire in West Asia. It
centers on the life, teachings, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, who is
considered the Messiah or Savior of humanity. The most common symbol for
Christianity is the cross, for Christians believe that Jesus died on the cross to save
humanity from their sins and to restore people’s relationship with God the Father.
Christians also believe in the Holy Trinity, which means God has three aspects—
Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit. It is believed that God the Father sent His only Son,
Jesus, to earth to redeem humanity from their sins for them to avoid the eternal flames
of hell.
Although there has been a prophecy in Judaism that God the Father will send
His only Son to redeem humanity from their sins and to restore relationship with God,
the Jews do not accept that Jesus was the fulfillment of that promise. Instead, the
Jews are still waiting for the Messiah to be sent by God the Father. Christians, on the
other hand, have accepted that Jesus is the fulfillment of God’s promise. Nonetheless,
Christianity is considered one of the first monotheistic religions in the world and shares
many similarities with Judaism in terms of belief in prophets, angels, judgment day,
among others. Together with Judaism and Islam, Christianity is considered one of the
world religions which traces its origins to the patriarch Abraham. The core teaching of
Christianity is the message that a loving God sent His begotten Son to redeem
humankind from eternal damnation.
5
What is It
a. Jesus as the Founder of Christianity
Jesus Christ (c. 4 BC – c. AD 30 / 33), also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth

and Jesus Christ, was a first-century Jewish preacher and
religious leader. He is the central figure of Christianity and
is widely described as the most influential person in history.
Most Christians believe he is the incarnation of God the
Son and the awaited Messiah (Christ) prophesied in the
Old Testament. Virtually all modern scholars of antiquity
agree that Jesus existed historically, although the quest for
the historical Jesus has produced little agreement on the
historical reliability of the Gospels and on how closely the
Jesus portrayed in the Bible reflects the historical Jesus.
Jesus was a Galilean Jew who was baptized by John the
Baptist and began his ministry. He preached orally and
was often referred to as "rabbi". Jesus debated with fellow
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/6685037570
2699708/
Jews on how to best follow God, engaged in healings,
taught in parables, and gathered followers. He also taught
about the new covenant that God will bring to humanity: that of sending His begotten
son to save humanity from their sins and restore the people’s relationship with Him.
Jesus preached that he was sent by God to fulfill this goal by dying on the cross, then
resurrecting to life after three days to prove that God’s plan had succeeded. Hearing
these messages, Jesus soon attracted a group of followers who became his disciples
and who called Him their teacher. Thus, Christianity started with a prophecy in the Old
Testament: that God will send his only begotten Son to save humanity from eternal
damnation. Jesus was seen by his followers to be the Messiah they were waiting for.
He was arrested and tried by the Jewish authorities, turned over to the Roman
government, and crucified on the order of Pontius Pilate, the Roman prefect. After his
death, his followers believed he rose from the dead, and the community they formed
eventually became the early Church.
b. Sacred texts: Bible (Old Testament and New Testament)
The Bible is considered the sacred scripture of Christianity. It is a collection of

songs, stories, poetry, letters, history, as well as literature. It is composed of two books,
the Old Testament and the New Testament.
6
Old Testament- the Old Testament,
also called the Hebrew Bible, is composed
of 39 books which are arranged in three
parts: The first five books (Genesis to
Deuteronomy) are considered “The Law” or
Torah which may refer to guidance or
instruction. They are called as such
because they serve as guidelines on how
people should live their everyday lives, as well https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/old-testament-
important/
as other legal necessities. Later these books
were called the Pentateuch, which were attributed to Moses. Meanwhile, the second
part of the Old Testament is called “The Prophets” which is divided into two parts, the
earlier prophets and the latter prophets. The book of former prophets is considered
historical while the book of latter prophets contains sayings and stories of the prophets.
The third part is called “The Writings,” which include Psalms (songs, prayers, and
worship liturgies), Proverbs (wise sayings), Job (a drama that explores the nature of
suffering), and the five scrolls (Megiloth) which were grouped together for their
associations with a particular religious festival.
New Testament- the New Testament is composed of 27 books written around

50 to 100 C.E. and is composed of two sections: the
Gospels which tell the story of Jesus (Matthew, Mark,
Luke, and John) ; and the letters (or Epistles), written
by various Christian leaders to serve as guide to the
early Christian communities. They were written to tell
http://stpetesrock.blogspot.com/2017/08/in-90-days-read-whole- the life and teachings of Jesus. The Acts of Apostles
new-testament.html
and Luke tell how Christianity developed from a small
group of Jewish believers to becoming one of the world’s major religions. Revelation
is the last book of the New Testament, traditionally attributed to the apostle John,
which is considered an epistle and an apocalypse.
c. Doctrines: Trinity, Virgin Birth, Deity of Christ, Resurrection,

Last Judgment, Christian Ethics and Ten Commandments
Beliefs/Doctrines - Christianity has certain beliefs and doctrines that serve as

moral guidelines for its followers. As much as possible, Christians should follow these
teachings strictly if they want to redeem God’s promise of eternal life. These teachings
are essential to their belief system as Christians and not following them would lessen
their chances of being called true Christians and reduces their chances of salvation in
the afterlife.
7
Holy Trinity- Christians believe in the Holy Trinity, which
means that God is composed of three persons: God the Father,
the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit. This doctrine of the
Holy Trinity was affirmed at the Council of Nicea in 25 C.E. where
it was agreed upon that the Son has the same substance with
http://stmarysblackbrook.co.uk/wp/re
the Father, therefore they are both eternal. /2016/05/22/the-most-holy-trinity/
The Virgin Birth of Jesus - is the doctrine that Jesus was conceived and born
by his mother Mary through the power of the Holy Spirit and without a human father.[1]
The Catholic church holds it authoritative for faith and Protestants regard it as an
explanation of the mixture of the human and divine natures of Jesus,[1] but the
scholarly consensus is that its historical foundations are very flimsy.
Deity of Christ- Christians believe in one God, therefore Christianity is a

monotheistic religion. God is seen as the creator and maintainer of the universe and
is believed to be omnipotent (all powerful), omniscient (all-knowing), omnipresent (all-
present), and omnibenevolent (all-good). God is also sacred, moral, unchangeable,
compassionate, graceful, and timeless.
The resurrection of Jesus Christ is the foundation of the
Christian faith. Without the resurrection, the belief in
God's saving grace through Jesus is destroyed. When
Jesus rose from the dead, he confirmed his identity as
the Son of God and his work of atonement,
redemption, reconciliation, and salvation. The
https://www.ebglobal.org/biblical-articles/the-deity-of-christ resurrection was a real, literal, physical raising of
Jesus’ body from the dead.
Jesus was arrested, tried and found guilty of claiming to be a king. His body
was hung on a cross between two thieves. After his death, Jesus’ body was wrapped
in linen clothes and placed in a tomb with a large stone rolled across the opening. On
the third day, an early Sunday morning, Mary Magdalene and another Mary came to
the tomb and found it empty. Sitting on the rolled away stone was an angel of the Lord
who told them to not be afraid because Jesus had risen. As the women left to tell the
disciples, Jesus Christ met them and showed them his nail pierced hands. Both the
Old and the New Testament speak of the truth of the Jesus being raised from death -
Jesus testified of his resurrection before he died on the cross and his disciples
witnessed his body after the resurrection.
8
Resurrection of Jesus - The resurrection of
Jesus, or anastasis, is the Christian belief
that God raised Jesus on the third day after his
crucifixion at Calvary as first of the dead, starting his
exalted life as Christ and Lord. In Christian theology, the
death and resurrection of Jesus are the most important
events, a foundation of the Christian faith, and
commemorated by Easter. For Christians, his
resurrection is the guarantee that all the Christian dead
will be resurrected at Christ's second coming. For the
Christian tradition, the bodily resurrection was the
restoration to life of a transformed body powered https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/213991419766988430/
by spirit, as described by Apostle Paul and the

Gospels, that led to the establishment of Christianity.
Last Judgement- The "judgment" in the words previously spoken—judgment

will begin at the house of God—refers to the judgment God passes today on those
who come before His throne in the last days. Perhaps there are those who believe in
such supernatural imaginings as that, when the last days have arrived, God will erect
a big table in the heavens, upon which a white tablecloth will be spread, and then,
sitting upon a great throne with all men kneeling on the ground, He will reveal the sins
of each man and thereby determine whether they are to ascend to heaven or be sent
down to the lake of fire and brimstone. No matter what the imaginings of man, the
substance of God's work cannot be altered. The imaginings of man are nothing but
the constructs of man's thoughts and come from the brain of man, summed up and
pieced together from what man has seen and heard.
Christian Ethics- Love is the core of Christ’s teachings- love of God, and love
of neighbor. Love for God is shown by being compassionate. Being compassionate is
not just confined to fellow human beings but also includes the entire creation of God.
To love creation is an expression of one’s love for the creator.
Ten Commandments -Also called the Decalogue, the Ten Commandments

are a set of laws given by God to the people of Israel at Mt. Sinai through Moses. In
Exodus, God gave Moses the tablets containing the Ten Commandments, which
Moses smashed into pieces because of extreme anger when he saw the golden calf
idol created and worshipped by the Hebrews. God gave Moses another set to replace
the broken one.
9
The Ten Commandments are said to appear twice in the Bible, in Exodus 20:1-
17, and at Deuteronomy 5:-21. They are meant to guide Christians on how to behave
within the family, society, and most especially with respect to God.
d. Sects: Roman Catholic, Greek/Eastern Orthodox, Protestantism, etc.
Roman Catholic- is the faith professed by the Roman Catholic Church. The
term “catholic” came from the Greek kath’bolou, which means “referring to the whole,
“or” related to all, and was used to denote the universal nature of the church.
The Orthodox Church in the Philippines- In the 1900s, Greek sailors settled
in Legazpi city in the island of Luzon, and established communities through
intermarriage with Filipinos. These communities were largely responsible for the
establishment of an Orthodox presence in the Philippines through the arrival of
missionaries which encouraged conversation among Filipinos.
Protestantism- is another major branch of Christianity that emerged in the

Reformation Period in the 16th century. The Reformation started in 1517 and was
10
begun by the theologian and Catholic priest Martin Luther, who inspired a movement
in reaction to the perceived abuses of the officials of the Roman Catholic Church.
e. Issues: Ecumenism, Sexuality issues (e.g., contraception and

homosexuality)
Ecumenism - Ecumenism refers to the effort of the Catholic Church to sponsor

activities and initiatives to promote
mutual understanding and unity
among all Christians. Ecumenism
can also be described as the
promotion of worldwide Christian
unity (Brodd 2003). It is based on
Vatican II’s Decree on Ecumenism
which states that: “The restoration of
unity among all Christians is one of
https://www.irishcatholic.com/ecumenism-the-path-forward/
the principal concerns of the Second
Vatican Council. Christ the Lord founded one Church and one Church only. However,
many Christian communions present themselves to men as the true inheritors of Jesus
Christ; all indeed profess to be followers of the Lord but differ in mind and go their
different ways, as if Christ Himself were divided. Such division openly contradicts the
will of Christ, scandalizes the world, and damages the only cause of preaching the
Gospel to every creature.”
Sexuality - The issue of sexuality has always been controversial for the
Catholic Church. Due to its conservative view of human sexuality, it has often found
itself in conflict with progressive and liberal ideas regarding certain issues connected
to sexuality such as artificial contraception, abortion, and homosexuality. In general,
sexuality refers to sexual orientation, sexual activity, and sexual feelings. Christianity
advocates that the goal of sexual union between men and women is procreation, thus
anything that might hinder this is considered immoral. Having sexual pleasure from
such union is not necessary, thus when people use artificial contraceptives, such as
condoms, birth control pills, IUDs (intrauterine contraceptive devices), and the like,
they are committing a sin because they are engaging in sexual acts without
procreation in mind. Instead, Christianity advocates natural family planning methods
such as the rhythm method, wherein couples will engage in sexual acts only during
days when the woman is not fertile and cannot conceive a baby. In this light, abortion
is also considered as immoral by the Catholic Church since it entails the killing of life.
For the Catholic Church, life begins at fertilization, when the sperm and ovum meet to
form a single cell, hence abortion is already considered as taking away the life of a
person. Another issue with regards to sexuality is that of homosexuality. It refers to
attraction to members of the same sex. Males who are attracted to males are called
gays, while females attracted to females are called lesbians.
11
The Catholic Church states that homosexual orientation itself is not a sin, it is
nevertheless a tendency towards the "moral evil" of homosexual sexual activity. It also
states that when God created humans, He created male and female only, and that
their union is meant for procreation. Thus, in the Christian line of thinking,
homosexuality should not be practiced since it is not in accordance with God’s plan.
The Church does not allow same-sex marriage and is vocal in opposing homosexual
relationships. Nevertheless, while the Church condemns homosexual acts (sexual
activity), being homosexual (orientation) is not wrong or sinful. It also states that
homosexual persons must be accepted with respect, compassion, and sensitivity.
Summary
• Christianity is one of the first monotheistic religions in the world. It considers
God as the creator and maintainer of the universe—omnipotent, omniscient,
omnipresent, and omnibenevolent.
• The Bible is considered the sacred scripture of Christianity and is the basis of
the religion's teachings.
• According to Christianity, since human beings are created in the likeness of
God, they are intrinsically good; but they are also given free will, so they are
considered prone to sin and in need of grace.
• The goal of every individual is to have eternal life of the soul after death.
• For those who have become good Christians, the reward is eternal life in
heaven; for those who lived a life full of sins, the punishment is eternal
damnation in hell.
What’s More
Task 1: Tell us what you think! Write your answers in your notebook.
1. Why is the concept of Holy Trinity confusing for some Christians

and non-Christians alike?
2. Despite the split in Christianity into numerous sects, what bind

these religious sects together?
3. What does Christianity share with Judaism in terms of beliefs and

practices?
12
Task 2: True or False.
Write the word TRUE if the statement is true and FALSE if the
statement is false. Write your answers in your notebook.
________1. Christianity is considered the world’s largest religion.

________2. Followers of Christianity are called Catholics.
________3. Christianity started in the 2nd century CE in a land called Palestine.
________4. According to a 2010 survey, Brazil is the country with the largest
number of Christians in the world.
________5. Christianity was born in an era when Palestine was colonized by
the Muslims.
________6. Pontius Pilate was the Roman prefect (governor) who presided over
Jesus’ trial.
________7. Martin Luther King Jr. formed a Christian sect named Protestantism
as a reaction to the abuses of the Catholic Church.
________8. Christianity believes in the Holy Trinity but remains a monotheistic
religion.
________9. The core teaching of Christianity is the message that a loving God sent
His begotten Son to redeem humankind from eternal damnation.
________10. The Big Bang Theory narrates the origin of the universe and
humanity according to the Bible.
What I Have Learned
Share your learning Insights/reflection about this module’s lesson. In not less than
200 words, fill in the following statements. Write your answers in a short bond paper.
13
I have learned that ________________ ________________ ______.
I have realized that ________________ _________________ _____.
I will apply _____________ _________________ _______________.
What I Can Do
Task 3: Share your Thoughts!
Christianity is embedded in Filipino culture as our country became

predominantly Catholic since the Spanish period. Thus, stories from the Old
Testament and New Testament are something that most students like you have
become familiar with. In this activity, summarize two Bible stories that you love and
explain why you like those tales. Also, share the lessons you have learned from the
stories that you selected. Be ready to share your Bible tales and insights. Write your
essay on a one whole sheet of paper.
Be guided by the rubric below which will serve as criteria for grading your essay.
RUBRIC FOR ESSSAY
OBTAINED
Organization The concept was clearly and 10
creatively conveyed.
Content Concepts are clearly used and 5
explained.
Presentation The idea was clearly presented 5
based on the words used.
TOTAL: 20
14
Assessment
Initiate a 2-3-minute interview of a Christian parent or couple on why they are

Christians and what beliefs and practices they adhere to. Record the output using a
tape recorder, cell phone or any other materials available.
Be guided by the following criteria below.

CRITERIA POINTS
Content 25%
Relevance to the topic 20%
Presentation 5%
TOTAL 50%
Read and analyze the Bible verse below. Then answer the questions that
follow in your activity notebook.
John 3:16 “For God so love the world that he gave his one and only
Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life”.
Questions:
1. What do you think does this verse imply?
2. What do you think is the love being displayed in this verse?
3. How important is it to believe and have faith in God?
15
Answer Key
10. T
9. T
8. F
10. FALSE
9. TRUE 7. F
8. TRUE
6. T
7. FALSE
6. TRUE 5. F
5. FALSE
4. T
4. FALSE
3. FALSE 3. T
2. FALSE
1. TRUE 2. F
1. T
Task 2 True or False
KNOW
WHAT’S MORE
WHAT I
What’s New- Responses may vary

What’s More- Task 1- Answers may vary
What I Have Learned – Insights/ reflection may vary
Additional activities- Responses may vary
16
References
TEACHERS GUIDE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_birth_of_Jesus
https://www.biblestudytools.com/bible-stories/the-resurrection-of-jesus-bible-
story.html
http://www.pewforum.org/2011/12/19/global-christianity-exec
http://www.macmillandictionary.com/us/buzzword/entries/common-era.html
http://www.allaboutreligion.org/history-of-christianity.htm
http://vatican.com/articles/popes/catholic_church_hierarchy-a1084
http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/beliefs/trinity
http://christianity.about.com/od/glossary/g/trinitydoctrine.htm
http://www.patheos.com/blogs/markdroberts/series/introduction-to-advent
http://www.catholiceducation.org/en/culture/catholic-contributions/history-of-
lent.html
https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/old-testament-important/
http://stpetesrock.blogspot.com/2017/08/in-90-days-read-whole-new-
testament.html
http://stmarysblackbrook.co.uk/wp/re/2016/05/22/the-most-holy-trinity/
https://www.ebglobal.org/biblical-articles/the-deity-of-christ
17

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117


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Introduction To World Religions and Belief Systems: Quarter 1 - Module 4: Judaism

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12 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Welcome to the Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems - 12

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

Notes to the Teacher

Welcome to the Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems -12

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

This part includes an activity that aims to

In this portion, the new lesson will be

This comprises activities for independent

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

The following are some reminders in using this module:

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY:

➢ Examine the brief history, core teachings, fundamental beliefs, practices,

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

We have discussed in Module 3 how religion can have positive as well as

_____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____

1. What concept/ word does the four pictures show?

Judaism is the original of the three Abrahamic faiths, which also

Jewish people worship in holy places known as

JEWISH HOLY BOOKS

The Ten Commandments

The core teaching of Judaism is the covenant

SAMSON AND DELILAH - BIBLE STORY

To sum up what we have discussed in this module,

What I Have Learned

Your reflection will be graded according to the rubric below:

2. What is the First Commandment?

4. Which statement is true?

5. Which Commandment forbids a person from killing?

6. Which Commandment forbids to take the life of an unborn child?

8. Which Commandment forbids a person to injure another person's honor and

___1. Form of discrimination against Jewish people. a. Sabbath ( or

Share a new word, new practice/belief or new holiday/religious observance

Congratulations! You have just completed Module 4. May your

Shahar, Yael. “The Ten Commandments.” Haaretz.com.

Bible Study Tools Staff. “Samson and Delilah-Bible Story.”Biblestudytool.com.

British Broadcasting Corporation. “Judaism”. BBC. Com.

Fairchild, Mary. “Samson and Delilah Story Study Guide.” Learnreligions.com.

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Welcome to the Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems-12

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

Notes to the Teacher

Welcome to the Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems -12

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

This part includes an activity that aims to

In this portion, the new lesson will be

This comprises activities for independent

___ _ _ _ _ _ ___

I have learned that ______ .

I have realized that ____ _ _.

I will apply _____ _ _______.