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    CHỌN HSGQG TỈNH ĐỒNG NAI

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    SO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO KY THI CHON DOL DY TUYEN DONG NAL THI HQC SINH GIOI QUOC GIA THPT 2021 bE THI CHINH THU ‘MOn: TIENG ANH SO PHACH ‘Thoi gian lm bai: 180 phat Shared by Angels of Negay thi: 18/09/2020 Otto Channel (Dé thi nay gdm 12 trang, c6 110 cau + 1 bai tom tit + 1 bai mé ta biéu dd +1 bai lun) Ho vA tén gidm thi Ky tén 1 2. L.LISTENING (6 pts) HUONG DAN PHAN THI NGHE HIEU: © Bai nghe gém 3 phan, mdi phan duge nghe 2 Lan, mdi lan céch nhau 05 gidy, mo ‘moi phin nghe c6 tin higu, © MG dau va két thiic bai nghe ¢6 tin higu nhac. Thi sinh c6 03 phat dé hoan chinh bai true khi tin ge két thiic bai nghe. © Moi huéng dan cho thi sinh (bang ting Anh) da cé trong bai nghe. ‘Task 1: You will hear part of a lecture on philosophy of education given by the Canadian- American philosopher, Leonard Sylvan Peikoff, Complete the summary with a word or short phrase. The recording will be played TWICE. Write your answers on the answer sheet provided. To begin the course on philosophy of education, the speaker gives a general and (1) of education and the philosophy of education. He explains that he was following ‘Ayn Rand, who first defined what “value” means before discussing ethics. By an analysis of the concept given by Ayn Rand of “value”, and the (2) that underlies it, it can be inferred that reason and life are the values. He speaker confirms that he has done a great deal of study; however, although he submits it as essentially correct, it may be not as literally (3) as is possible ‘As defined by the speaker, education is “systematic instruction of the young to develop in them the powers necessary for mature life”. Also, education does not signify haphazard, short-range, (4) of data. For example, the information that wolf boys pick up to survive in the wild would be (5) . and thus that is not education. He stresses that any major human undertaking has to be (6) if is to achieve its goals and education is an essential of human life. Education does not even necessarily equal learning from others, and there is such a phenomenon as an a meaning a self-educated individual, Here in his lecture, the speaker wants to focus on (8) of education - wherever it’s given, whether by parents, teachers, or by yourself to yourself. Adult education is (9) , meaning that the adults have to catch up what they didn’t ‘get what they needed as youngsters from today’s schools. We also learn that for adults, there is such a thing as learning a specialized (10) In conclusion, education can go on all your life because you can go on learning... Task 2: Listen to the recording and do as instructed. The recording will be played ONCE only. Write your answers on the answer sheet provided. Question 11-17: Choose the correct letter, A, B, or C. 11. The main purpose of the service is to A. educate people. B. persuade people to fly. _C. provide people with comfort. 12. The number of people working at Sydney Airport is ‘A. 200, B. 360. c.440, Page 1 of 12 13. Dogs are chosen according to A. their ability to stay calm, _B. their friendliness C. their skill at locating narcotics. 14, The number of postal items processed last year amounted to A.4,400, B. 52,000. C. 72,000. 15. People carrying items that are not allowed A. will get arrested. B. will be refused on board. _C. will be given a warning, 16. Which of the following is NOT allowed to be taken on the flight? A. Carry-on items B. Plant seeds C. Parcels 17, What is the proper security protocol for a pocket knife found in a carry-on suitcase? A. Itis returned to the passenger after examination, B. It is thrown away in a safe receptacle. Shared by Angels of C. It is passed on to higher-level authorities. Otto Channel Question 18-20: Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. 18. The acceptable material for packing goods in Australia is 19. The belongings most of time are refused due to problems with the 20. The customs must be given notice of the goods from days before it arrives in Australia, ‘Task 3: You will hear five short extracts in which different people are talking about moving abroad. The recording will be played ONCE only. Write your answers on the answer sheet provided. For questions 21-25, choose from the list (A-H) why each speaker moved abroad.\ A. Toact on medical advice B. To reunite the family 21. Speaker | C. To improve career prospects 22. Speaker 2 D. To reduce stress 23. Speaker 3 E. To help disadvantaged people 24. Speaker 4 F, To escape boredom 25. Speaker 5 G. To fulfil a dream H. To forget a relationship For questions 26-30, choose from the list (A-H) what difficulty each speaker had immediately after the move. A. Coping with delays B. Having few comforts 26. Speaker | C. Learning the language 27. Speaker 2 D, Getting used to the noise 28. Speaker 3 E, Adapting to the climate 29. Speaker 4 F. Using public transport 30. Speaker 5 G. Obtaining reliable information H, Finding suitable entertainment Il. LEXICO-GRAMMAR @3 pts) Part 1: Questions 31-54: Choose the option (A, B, C, or D) that best completes the gap in each sentence. Write your answers on the answer sheet provided. 31. Robert Ingersoll, although virtually unknown today, was a(n) century; people traveled hundreds of miles to hear his eloquent speeches. orator of the nineteenth A. domineering ‘B. eminent C. unobjectionable D. execrable 32. The stray dog looked so sitting in the rain that we took pity on it and brought it inside. A. disturbed -B. forlorn C. indefensible D. insolent Page 2 of 12 33. After careful investigation, the committee should not charge her. ‘A. acquitted B. expelled C. dispelled D. exonerated the accountant and recommended that the police 34. The speaker was given a very welcome and roundly applauded. A, cordial B. admirable C. authentic D. austere 35. He's got no manners! How can you tolerate such a(n) person’? Poi B. stubborn C. villainous D. sullen 36. After much legal wrangling, the contract was solved led C disallowed D. destroyed 37. The statue of the nymph has been with garlands for the festival. B. cascaded C. adorned D. bunched 38. Although he came to work the day before his retirement, everyone ki as just A. going with the flow ns C. going against the grain . going along with them 39. They’re a real organization; they’re only interested in making a profit. A. devil-may-care B. fly-by-night . open-handed D. down-to-earth 40. began. B. The music having been turned on C. Turning on the music D. Having turned the music on 41. After the earthquake, the entrance hall was turned into a casualty ward. ‘A. mainstay ~B. makeshift C. piecework D. wayside 42. She is embarrassingly to anyone in authority and ready to do whatever they tell her to. B. disputatious C. multifarious D. ostentatious 43. Today, thankfully, women tennis players are not with long, heavy skirts and high-necked blouses. A, bolstered B. embroidered C encumbered D. cluttered 44, Despite burglar alarms and window locks, homes are never against determined thieves. A. inexorable B. untenable C. impalpable 45. I'm afraid that this complex article may seem to those not closely involves the world of finance. A. arcane B. spartan D. urbane 46. Having been exposed to the sun, his already dark complexion became . A. tarnished B. sweltering C. sullen ~D. swarthy 47. She became increasingly as the time came for her to make her decision. ‘A. avid B. prismatic Spent D. prevalent 48. The quality of his photography earned him from the experts. A. pundits B. plaudits C. audits D. pandits 49. A mass of snakes in the nest. A. writhed B. curled C. twirled - D. swirled 50, She always puts on a display of emotions, but everyone in the company can see through that. A. diatonic B. tectonic (Cibistione D. catatonic 51. The tomato sandwiches her father had packed for lunch were al by lunchtime. ‘A. soaked B. soggy C. damp D. m 52. Her friends led her and she ended up in jal B. astray C. askew D. adtift 53. In fact, he was his usual charming, and carefree self. ‘A. eclectic B. atrocious D. insalubrious 54. The pension fund invests the savings of its members in assets such as land and buildings, ‘A-tangible. B. sustainable C. apocryphal D. veridical Page 3 of 12 Part 2: Questions 55-60: Give the correct form of the word provided in parentheses. Write your answers on the answer sheet provided. AstraZeneca suspends leading COVID-19 vaccine trials after a participant's illness (Reuters) - AstraZeneca Ple said it has paused global trials, including large late-stage trials, of its experimental coronavirus vaccine due to an unexplained illness in a study participant. The vaccine, developed with the University of Oxford, has been described by the World Health Organization as probably the world’s leading candidate and the most advanced in terms of development. The suspension dims prospects for an early _ (55. ROLL) amid reports that the United States was aiming for a fast-track approval before the November presidential election. “This is a routine action which has to happen whenever there is a potentially unexplained illness in one of the trials,” the company said in an emailed statement. According to a New York Times report which cited a person familiar with the situation, a participant based in the United Kingdom was found to have transverse myelitis, a(n) (56. FLAME) syndrome that affects the spinal cord and is often sparked by viral infectio Called AZD1222, the vaccine is in late-stage clinical trials in the United States, Britain, Brazil and South Africa and additional trials are planned in Japan and Russia. The trials aim to __ (57. ROLL) up to 50,000 participants globally. South Korea said on Wednesday it would look into the suspension and review its plan to participate in the manufacturing of the vaccine. “It’s not rare that clinical trials get suspended as various factors (58. ACT),” health ministry official Yoon Tae- ho told a briefing Nine leading U.S. and European vaccine developers pledged on Tuesday to (59. HOLD) scientific safety and efficacy standards for their experimental vaccines despite the (60. URGENT) to contain the coronavirus pandemic. The companies, including AstraZeneca, Moderna and Pfizer, issued what they called a “historic pledge” after a rise in concern that safety standards might slip in the face of political pressure to rush out a vaccine. TIL. READING (5 pts) Part 1: For questions 61-68, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. Shared by Angels of Write your answers on the answer sheet provided. One channel ADVENTURE TRAVEL Wilfred Thesinger, the legendary explorer once said, “We live our lives second-hand’. Sadly, his words are true for far oo many of us, as we (61) _ in front of the television, (62)_in ‘reality’ television, living our adventures through the words and pictures of others. But it does not have to be that ‘way — there are more opportunities than ever for taking a break from our increasingly sanitized lives and exploring not only some exotic (63) of the globe, but also our own abilities and ambitions. The ind of first-hand experience whose loss Thesinger laments is still available for anyone willing to forsake the beaten (64) . and put thei mind to (65) into the less explored regions of this (66) planet. The (67) in travel in recent years has been towards what is known as adventure travel. But adventure doesn’t have to involve physical exertion; be it haggling over a souvenir in Peru, or getting lost in the labyrinthine passages of a Moroccan souk, it all (68) _ 61. A. droop B. slump C.sag D. plunge 62. A. captivated B. gripped C. engrossed Driveted 63. A. comer B. edge C.angle D. pocket 64. A. path B. road C. track D. course 65. A. turning out B. taking off C. making out D. dropping off 66. A. wide B. diverse C. mixed D. different 67. A. trend B. direction custom D. inclination 68. A. fits B. belongs C. counts D. holds Page 4 of 12 Part 2; For questions 69-75, fill each of the following numbered blanks with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on the answer sheet provided. Today, more people than ever are choosing to (69) under the knife in order to enhance their appearance. From cheek implants to liposuction, men and women of all ages are flocking to surgeons who promise they can forestall the ravages of (70) ‘or make them look more beautiful. ay subjects are as controversial as the escalating use of cosmetic surgery to reshape perfectly functioning body parts towards some subjective aesthetic ideal. Many vehemently oppose the whole idea, denouncing it as an expression of society’s worst impulses. Others embrace it, citing its ability to change lives. No matter what one’s stance, it cannot be denied that cosmetic surgery (not to be confused with plastic surgery, the surgical speciality dedicated to repairing body defects due to birth disorders, trauma, burns and disease) is a story of continual expansion. increased consumer demand, and growing social acceptability. What was once the province of celebrities and the rich has trickled down the social scale and is now within the grasp of anyone with the time and inclination, What was once kept (72) wraps is now discussed openly, if not braggingly. The thing about beauty that makes it the perfect marketing concept is its elusiveness. (73) when you have it, you're constantly at risk of losing it, or at least being jostled aside by someone with more of it. Cosmetic surgery success is built on the powerful emotions of denial and envy, not just vanity. It thrives on our refusal to accept the body we were (74) ith, and our collective denial of aging, It feeds our envy of those who embody nature’s most powerful (75) fleeting charms: youth, strength and beauty. Part 3: For questions 76-89, read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. Write your answers on the answer sheet provided. Can Hurricanes be Moderated or Diverted? A. Each year, massive swirling storms bringing along winds greater than 74 miles per hour wipe across tropical oceans and land on shorelines—usually devastating vast swaths of territory. When these roiling tempests strike densely inhabited territories, they have the power to kill thousands and cause property damage worth of billions of dollars. Besides, absolutely nothing stands in their way. But can we ever find a way to control these formidable forces of nature? B. To see why hurricanes and other severe tropical storms may be susceptible to human intervention, aresearcher must first learn about their nature and origins. Hurricanes grow in the form of thunderstorm clusters above the tropical seas. Oceans in low-latitude areas never stop giving out heat and moisture to the atmosphere, which brings about warm, wet air above the sea surface. When this kind of air rises, the water vapour in it condenses to form clouds and precipitation. Condensation gives out heat in the process the solar heat is used to evaporate the water at the ocean surface. This so-called invisible heat of condensation makes the air more buoyant, leading to it ascending higher while reinforcing itself in the feedback process. At last, the tropical depression starts to form and grow stronger, creating the familiar eye ~ the calm centre hub that a hurricane spins around. When reaching the land, the hurricane no longer has a continuous supply of warm water, which causes it to swiftly weaken. C. Our current studies are inspired by my past intuition when I was learning about chaos theory 30 years ago. The reason why long-range forecasting is complicated is that the atmosphere is highly sensitive to small influences and tiny mistakes can compound fast in the weather-forecasting models. However, this sensitivity also made me realise a possibility: if we intentionally applied some slight inputs, to a hurricane, we might create a strong influence that could affect the storms, either by steering them away from densely populated areas or by slowing them down, Back then, I was not able to test my ideas, but thanks to the advancement of computer simulation and remote-sensing technologies over the last 10 ‘years, I can now renew my enthusiasm in large-scale weather control. D. To find out whether the sensitivity of the atmospheric system could be exploited to adjust such robust atmospheric phenomena as hurricanes, our research team ran_ simulation experiments on computers for a hurricane named Iniki that occurred in 1992. The current forecasting technologies were far from perfect, so it took us by surprise that our first simulation turned out to be an immediate success. With the goal of altering the path of Iniki in mind, we first picked the spot where we wanted the storm Shared by Angels of Page 5 of 120tto Channel to stop after six hours. Then we used this target to generate artificial observations and put these into the computer model. E. The most significant alteration turned out to be the initial temperatures and winds. Usually, the temperature changes across the grid were only tenths of a degree, but the most noteworthy change, which was an increase of almost two degrees Celsius, took place in the lowest model layer to the west of the storm centre. The calculations produced wind-speed changes of two or three miles per hour. However, in several spots, the rates shifted by as much as 20 mph due to minor redirections of the winds close to the storm’s centre. In terms of structure, the initial and altered versions of Hurricane Iniki seemed almost. the same, but the changes in critical variables were so substantial that the latter one went off the track to the west during the first six hours of the simulation and then travelled due north, leaving Kauai untouched. F. Future earth-orbiting solar power stations, equipped with large mirrors to focus the sun’s rays and panels of photovoltaic cells to gather and send energy to the Earth, might be adapted to beam microwaves which turn to be absorbed by water vapour molecules inside or around the storm. The microwaves would cause the water molecules to vibrate and heat up the surrounding air, which then leads to the hurricane slowing down or moving in a preferred direction. G. Simulations of hurricanes conducted on a computer have implied that by changing the precipitation, evaporation and air temperature, we could make a difference to a storm’s route or abate its winds. Intervention could be in many different forms: exquisitely targeted clouds bearing silver iodide or other rainfall-inducing elements might deprive a hurricane of the water it needs to grow and multiply from its formidable eyewall, which is the essential characteristic of a severe tropical storm. Questions 76-82 ‘The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes 76-82 on your answer sheet. List of Headings i Hurricanes in history ii How hurricanes form iii Howa laboratory exercise re-routed a hurricane iv Exciting ways to utilise future technologies v ‘Are hurricanes unbeatable? vi _Re-visiting earlier ideas vii How lives might have been saved vili___A range of low-tech methods 76. Paragraph A 77. Paragraph B 78. Paragraph C 79. Paragraph D 80, Paragraph E 81. Paragraph F 82. Paragraph G ‘Questions 83-87 Complete the summary below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 83-87 on your answer sheet. Hurricanes originate as groups of (83) over the tropical oceans. Low-latitude seas continuously provide heat and moisture to the atmosphere, producing warm, humid air above the sea surface. When this air rises, the water vapour in it condenses to form clouds and precipitation. (84) releases heat—the solar heat it took to evaporate the water at the ocean surface. This so-called latent (85) of condensation makes the air more buoyant, causing it to ascend still higher in a self-reinforcing feedback process. Eventually, the tropical depression begins to organise and strengthen, forming the Page 6 of 12 familiar (86) —the calm central hub around which a hurricane spins. On passing over (87) , the hurricane’s sustaining source of warm water is cut off, which leads to the storm’s rapid ‘weakening. Questions 88 and 89 Choose the correct letter, A, B,C or D. Write the correct leter in boxes 88 and 89 on your answer sheet. 88. What encouraged the writer to restart researching hurricane control? ‘A. the huge damage hurricane trigger B. the developments in computer technologies C. the requirement of some Tocal people Shared by Angels of D. the chaos theory learnt as a student Otto Channel 89. What was the writer's reaction after their first experiment? A. surprised that their intervention had not achieved a lot B. ecstatic with the achievement the first experiment had C. surprised that their intervention had the intended effect D, regretful about the impending success Part 4: You are going to read an article about advertising. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (90-96). There is ‘one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answers on the answer sheet provided. THE ORIGIN OF ADVERTISING Advertising has become a major force in our modern world. Through our airwaves, up in the skies, on walls, streets and along motorways, almost nowhere can we go and not be bombarded by adverts. It has become so prevalent that scientists and researchers have analyzed its sociological effect extensively — how it influences buying habits, desensitizes consumers and in some cases even repels them. 90. Such rudimentary content is also believed to be present in the first printed adverts, used by ancient Egyptians to communicate sales messages through the use of papyrus. In contrast with the ephemeral nature of today’s advertising, they would also carve messages of commerce into stone or on steel plates, which would remain visible for a lifetime. 91 Naturally, we eannot know for sure, but one would guess that the power of persuasion was present in the spoken adverts of ancient times. You could suppose that the loudest, most colorful, most entertaining crier garmered the most business. Although we do not experience this form of advertisement often today, sellers in public markets in Europe and the Middle East still employ this method. 92, The specific message on the printing plate was ‘We buy high-quality steel rods and make fine-quality needles to be ready for use at home in no time’, and the seller also placed a rabbit logo and the name of his shop in the center. The plate, made of copper and dating back to the Song dynasty of the 10th-century China, was used to print posters the dimensions of which were nearly perfect squares roughly the size of a window frame. 93. Tt was not until the rise of newspapers did advertising makes its next big leap. During this time, targeted slogans and catchphrases became popular. The first such instance of a paid newspaper advert appeared in the French newspaper La Presse in 1836 and what was so revolutionary about it was that the seller paid for its placement, allowing the newspaper to charge its readers less. 94 Known as quackery, such messages boasted cures for common ailments that went above and beyond ‘what traditional remedies could provide. Naturally, an unsuspecting and undereducated public was Page 7 of 12 particularly susceptible to such tions. Much as how quackery would be dispelled today, doctors went out of their way to publish medical journals debunking the claims made by these adverts 95 In the advert, a painting of a child blowing bubbles — a work of art literally entitled Bubbles, by English artist Sir John Everett Millais — was used as the background of a poster, with the product visible in the foreground. The visual immediately linked the product with high — class society and that is undeniably still very much used today. 96 ‘Along with the staggering investment is the use of a broad range of tactics to maximize impact, such as focus groups, evocative imagery, storytelling, and seemingly boundless product placement. So psychological is the effect that it has given rise to the belief that companies know everything about you. Nevertheless, with such creativity poured into the field, one can still appreciate its art form and its place in history. Removed paragraphs: ‘A. One need look no further than failed advertising campaigns. Some went too far in their shock value, had to be apologized for and hurt the brand more than they helped. In one example, a game manufacturer, in order to promote the carnal violence visible in the game, held an event which showcased an actual deceased goat. B. For better or worse, there was no stopping the budding advertising industry. Agencies started to spring up and with that came campaigns. The first successful campaign was for the British soap manufacturer Pears. With the help of chairman Thomas James Barratt, the company successfully linked a catchy slogan with high culture. C. In contrast to the adverts being produced for the literate populace of this region, text was largely absent from adverts that proliferated in the towns and cities of medieval Europe. To circumvent thi obstacle, adverts used commonly recognizable imagery such a boot for a cobbler or a diamond for a carver to promote products and services. And still, criers remained the go-to medium for relaying the sellers’ messages to the public. D. Also entering the industry was the vast sums of money that companies would splash out on campaigns. A little over one hundred American companies in 1893 spent 50,000 US dollars on advertising campaigns. That equates to over one million US dollars today, still a fraction of what today’s, companies spend at nearly 500 billion pounds globally. E. In this era, though, the medium with the greatest prevalence was oral. Public criers would circulate messages in urban centers to passers-by advertising various products. There is evidence of written adverts and for more than just selling wares. In one such advert found at the ruins of Thebes dated 1,000 BC, a man was offering @ reward for a runaway slave. But oral messages were the main method of delivery until the invention of the printing press in 1450. F. But there was a time when an advert was a rare occurrence and its effect on society amounted to no more than its core function; that is, to connect seller and buyer. We know that the written word began around 5,000 years ago in Mesopotamia, in the Sumerian civilization that existed in modern-day southern Iraq. The make — up of this early scrawling consisted of grain inventories, from what historians and linguists can make of it G. Adverts in ancient times did contain an clement of sophistication which essentially lured buyers, albeit less obviously. On the other side of the world, in ancient China, the language of adverts contained selling points and friendly imagery, such as in an advert to coax people into using a craftsman’s services This particular advertising medium is considered the oldest example of printed advertising. H. That formula was soon copied by other publishers looking to increase their profits while expanding their circulation. British newspapers, which had been using newspaper advertising since the 18th century, used adverts to promote books and newspapers themselves. The printing press had made their production much more affordable and advertising content expanded to include medicines, in what would prove to be the first instances of false adver Page 8 of 12 Part 5: For questions 97-110, read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. Write your answers on the answer sheet provided. Shared by Angels of Environmental practices of big businesses Otto Channel The environmental practices of big businesses are shaped by a fundamental fact that for many of us offend our sense of justice. Depending on the circumstances, a business may maximize the amount of money it makes, at least in the short term, by damaging the environment and hurting people. That is still the case today for fishermen in an unmanaged fishery without quotas and for international logging companies with short-term leases on tropical rainforest land in places with corrupt officials and unsophisticated landowners. When government regulation is effective, and when the public is environmentally aware, environmentally clean big businesses may out-compete dirty ones, but the reverse is likely to be true if government regulation is ineffective and if the public doesn’t care. It is easy for the rest of us to blame a business for helping itself by hurting other people. But blaming alone is unlikely to produce change. It ignores the fact that businesses are not charities but profit-making companies, and that publicly owned companies with shareholders are under obligation to those shareholders to maximize profits, provided that they do so by legal means. US laws make a company’s directors legally liable for something termed “breach of fiduciary responsibility’ if they knowingly manage a company in a way that reduces profits. The car manufacturer Henry Ford was in fact successfully sued by shareholders in 1919 for raising the minimum wage of his workers to $5 per day: the courts declared that, while Ford’s humanitarian sentiments about his employees were nice, his business existed to make profits for its stockholders. ‘Our blaming of businesses also ignores the ultimate responsibility of the public for creating the condition that let a business profit through destructive environmental policies. In the long run, it is the public, either directly or through its politicians, that has the power to make such destructive policies unprofitable and illegal, and to make sustainable environmental policies profitable. ‘The public can do that by suing businesses for harming them, as happened after the Exxon Valdez disaster, in which over 40,000 m3 of oil were spilled off the coast of Alaska. The public may also make their opinion felt by preferring to buy sustainably harvested products; by making employees of companies with poor track records feel ashamed of their company and complain to their own management; by preferring their governments to award valuable contracts to businesses with a good environmental track record; and by pressing their governments to pass and enforce laws and regulations requiring good environmental practices. In tum, big businesses can expert powerful pressure on any suppliers that might ignore public or government pressure. For instance, after the US public became concerned about the spread of a disease known as BSE, which was transmitted to humans through infected meat, the US government's Food and Drug Administration introduced rules demanding that the meat industry abandon practices associated with the risk of the disease spreading. But for five years the meat packers refused to follow these, claiming that they would be too expensive to obey. However, when a major fast-food company then made the same demands after customer purchases of its hamburgers plummeted, the meat industry complied within weeks. The public’s task is therefore to identify which links in the supply chain are sensitive to public pressure: for instance, fast-food chains or jewelry stores, but not meat packers or gold miners, Some readers may be disappointed or outraged that I place the ultimate responsibility for business practices harming the public on the public itself. I also believe that the public must accept the necessity for higher prices for products to cover the added costs, if any, of sound environmental practices. My views may seem to ignore the belief that businesses should act in accordance with moral principles even this leads to a reduction in their profits. But I think we have to recognize that, throughout human history, in all politically complex human societies, government regulation has arisen precisely because it was found that not only did moral principles need to be made explicit, they also needed to be enforced. ‘To me, the conclusion that the public has the ultimate responsibility for the behavior of even the biggest businesses is empowering and hopeful, rather than disappointing. My conclusion is not a moralistic one about who is right or wrong, admirable or selfish, a good guy or a bad guy. In the past, businesses have changed when the public came to expect and require different behavior, to reward businesses for behavior that the public wanted, and to make things difficult for businesses practicing Page 9 of 12 behaviors that the public didn’t want. I predict that in the future, just as in the past, changes in public attitudes will be essential for changes in businesses” environmental practices. Questions 97-101 Complete the summary using the list of words, A-J, below. Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 97-101 on your answer sheet. Big businesses ‘Many big businesses today are prepared to harm people and the environment in order to make money, and they appear to have no (97) _. Lack of (98) __ by governments and lack of public (99) ‘can lead to environmental problems such as (100) or the destruction of (101) ‘A. funding B. trees C. rare species D. moral standards E. control F. involvement G. flooding H.overfishing I. worker support ‘Question 102-104 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in boxes 102-104 on your answer sheet. 102. The main idea of the third paragraph is that environmental damage ‘A. requires political action if it is to be stopped. B. is the result of ignorance on the part of the public. C. could be prevented by the action of ordinary people. D. can only be stopped by educating business leaders. 103. In the fourth paragraph, the writer describes ways in which the public can A. reduce their own individual impact on the environment. B. learn more about the impact of business of the environment. C. raise awareness of the effects of specific environmental disasters, D. influence the environmental policies of businesses and governments. 104, What pressure was exerted by big business in the case of the disease BSE? ‘A. Meat packers stopped supplying hamburgers to fast-food chains. B. A fast-food company forced their meat suppliers to follow the law. CC. Meat packers persuaded the government to reduce their expenses. D. A fast-food company encouraged the government to introduce legislation, Questions 105-109 Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in the reading passage? In boxes 105-109 on your answer sheet, write YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer NOT GIVEN if itis impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 105. The public should be prepared to fund good environmental practices. 106, There is a contrast between the moral principles of different businesses. 107. Itis important to make a clear distinction between acceptable and unacceptable behaviour. 108. The public have successfully influenced businesses in the past. 109. In the future, businesses will show more concern for the environment. Question 110 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write the correct letter in box 110 on your answer sheet. 110, What would be the best subheading for this passage? ‘A. Will the world survive the threat caused by big businesses? B. How can big businesses be encouraged to be less driven by profit? C. What environmental dangers are caused by the greed of businesses? D. Are big businesses to blame for the damage they cause the environment? Page 10 of 12 IV. WRITING (6 pts) Part 1: Read the following passage and use your own words to summarize it. Your summary should be between 100 and 120 words long. (1.5 points) Vertical farming is an emerging technique within agriculture that involves growing crops indoors under controlled environmental conditions. By carefully tailoring the environment to the exact requirements of the crop, such as through using LED lighting to produce the exact light spectrum needed. for optimal photosynthesis, it is possible to obtain yields hundreds of times higher than traditional agriculture. Vertical farms can be set up almost anywhere, making it possible to grow crops in the middle of populous urban centres, meaning that it is possible for crops to reach consumers within minutes of harvest. This contrasts with traditional agriculture, where fresh produce can take weeks to reach consumers, losing freshness and increasing contamination risk along the way. The recent IDTechEx report, “Vertical Farming: 2020-2030” explores the technologies and markets around the fast-growing vertical farming industry. Vertical farming has been the subject of a lot of hype in recent years, with supporters claiming it could revolutionise food production. Industry advocates, such as Columbia University Professor Dickson Despommier, have presented visions of a future world where fresh food is grown inside skyscrapers to feed giant, high-tech metropolises. Investors are also feeling the hype, with vertical farming start-ups raising over a billion dollars in investment in the last five years alone. However, despite this optimism, the industry does face some major challenges and the sector has more than its fair share of bankruptcies. PodPonics, once the most well-funded vertical farming company in the world, and FarmedHere, which once operated what remains the largest vertical farm ever built, both went bankrupt. David Rosenberg, Chief Executive of New Jersey based vertical farming outfit AeroFarms, recently said he wouldn’t be surprised if 90% of the players in the industry went out of business within the next three years, Broadly, many vertical farms struggle for the same reasons. As well as costing a lot of money to set up, vertical farms can be very expensive to run, largely because they require continuously running artificial lighting and climate controls. This is compounded by high labour costs and logistical

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