Collin Jasper C.

Pachingel
BSN2C
GEC7
I. EVALUATE

Activity 8

RESEARCH. Pinikpikan is a very common food in the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR). But how
do you really know this food? Using the guide questions below, do a research on Pinikpikan. You may
use the back portions of this module or other sheet(s) of paper. (50 points)

1. What is Pinikpikan?

What is pinikpikan, exactly? Before we begin the process of preparing the dish, let's first understand
where it all originated. The word "pikpikan" derives from the root "pikpik," which means to beat softly.
This entire procedure is based on an ancient ritual that tribes used to make difficult decisions. In the
ritual, the ancestors and spirits are called upon to assist in answering a request. The live chicken is
hung by its feet and then struck with a short stick across the entire body without breaking the skin or
bones before being cooked. The chicken is bruised during this procedure, which gives the skin a unique
texture and flavor that makes pinikpikan famous. A single, powerful strike to the back of the
chicken's head or neck is used to end its life when the "pikpik" procedure is complete. The leftover
feathers are manually plucked before the chicken is placed on top of open flames to burn off the
feathers, which gives the meat a distinct smokey flavor. After the chicken has been dressed, it is ritually
opened and an Igorot elder looks at the bile, which is thought to indicate what was asked throughout
this ritual process.

2. How do you prepare Pinikpikan? Write all the ingredients and the process of cooking it.

1. Start a fire and choose a suitable live chicken. The tribes used a smaller kind of native chicken
with richer, darker meat in former times. A broiler has recently replaced a rotisserie chicken since
it can cook more food and serve more people. In the Mountain Province, broiler chicken is
typically used instead of native chicken.

2. Gently strike the live chicken with a simple stick under both wings and in the neck until the
affected areas turn dark blue and the blood rises to the skin's surface. Give it the final blow by
giving it a strong blow to the head with the stick. For indications of life, the eyeballs are examined.
(In our case, we typically blow under the feathers in the buttocks area to determine whether a
chicken is still alive or dead if the butthole moves instead of looking for signs of life in the eyes.

3. In order to separate the boots (paa ng manok) from the skin by hand, the pinions are then taken
off and the entire chicken is thrown into an open fire until all the feathers are burned off. (Or the
burned skin is removed with a knife)

4. The chicken is then cleaned and washed to get rid of the grime and soot, and the claws, beak,
and crown are taken off. The gizzard is cut open and cleaned, then the intestines are inverted
and cleaned. The gizzard is then wrapped with the intestines. All of these will ultimately be a part
of the soup.

5. The ritual butchering of the chicken then starts. The chicken head should be removed and placed
aside for cooking. Slice beneath the neck to remove the insides, then slice through the skin to
dislocate the thighs (stomach, intestines and gizzard). To separate the rib cage from the chest,
carefully direct the knife to cut underneath the shoulder blade. Remove the chest while keeping
the rib cage and internal organs whole (heart, liver, lungs).

6. The tribe's course of action (i.e., hunting, planting, etc.) is then determined by the reading of the
bile and liver by the tribal priest "Am-Ama (elderly), which is known as "Calub" when the liver
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 covers the bile and Cherwey when the bile is completely visible, which is a sign of good luck. If
the prognosis is Calub, the entire process is repeated, and other chickens are cooked this way
until Cherwey is achieved

7. Then, after detaching the limbs from the body, the entire chicken, including the head and internal
organs, is placed in a pot of "Etag" smoked meat or Itag-flavored water and boiled. The soup is
also given a smokey flavor thanks to the singed feathers.

8. The entire center portion, which is regarded as the tastiest part, is served to the headman or the
one who read the charm of the bile (ribs and innards). The remaining chicken is offered as a
meal.

3. Every household in the Cordillera, families have their own way on how to cook Pinikpikan. Give at
least 3 varieties of this food and explain their differences.

• The customary pinikpikan comes first. This particular recipe calls for neither additional
ingredients nor condiments to be used in the preparation of the cuisine. Pure water and the
slaughtered chiken's body pieces are all that is present. Since it adheres to tradition in the
preparation of the sacrificial offering, some in our hometown believe that this is the best method
or the best one to make anytime there is Canyao or what we refer to as "mang-mang."

• The "Inasin" or pinikpikan with "etag" or smoked meat, which is often prepared by ISagada, the
second option (Salted meat) often also prepared by the IBontoc. This kind of delicacy is now
often available in restaurants and is probably produced less as part of rituals and more as a daily
delight. The use of the various types of meat gives the pinikpikan a colorful flavor since it
emphasizes the flavor and improves the fragrance of the food. This type can certainly be utilized
in ceremonies, although more visitors than usual might be fed as a result.

• The pinikpikan with Sayote or Papaya is the last dish, and it is one of the many things that has
transformed how people view or are familiar with pinikpikan since it sounds more like a tinola
than the dish pinikpikan. Here, in my opinion, is the improvised method of preparing pinikpikan,
which is often prepared by "lowlanders" or Ilocanos. These kinds of substances serve the same
purpose as additional flavor and occasionally scent in cuisine. And in this particular method, this
type of serving is not used during rituals since it does not render the traditional serving made as
an offering to the gods.

4. Why do people cook Pinikpikan during a Kanyaw?

Again, tracing back to what were said above as the description of pinikpikan. People do not do this
every day, it is a solemn thing to do, occasionally in honoring their demigods such as “Lumawig” the
creator. People (usually IGOROTS) make pinikpikan if a family member is sick. All of which, if, for
instance, a member of the family becomes ill and science is unable to provide assistance like medicine.
They may carry on cooking the butchered chicken if the heart and bile have been properly and properly
prepositioned. The old or the person performing the ritual will urge the family to butcher another chicken
if the bile and heart are not prepositioned properly until they achieve the desired result. This in their
belief means that God the Almighty is not favoring the family. When performing this, it may occasionally
need the butchering of two or more chickens before the elderly person is satisfied with the results. In
simple words, it is usually made as an offering for the gods they believe.

We usually do this as IGOROTS mainly from Bontoc Mountain Province.

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5. Is cooking Pinikpikan “animal brutality”? Justify.

For me it is a matter of yes and no.

Yes, Pinikpikan is a controversial food that comes from the Philippines' Cordillera Mountain
range. Pinikpikan is disputed because of how the chicken is killed: local tribes undertake a rite in which
they gently beat the bird to death with a stick.

In order to keep the blood inside, the chicken is battered, and if done correctly, it won't be bloody
when cut. During the beating and cutting operation, no bones should be fractured. But the preparation
technique is against the 1998 Philippine Animal Welfare. The goal of this Act is to safeguard and
advance the welfare of all terrestrial, aquatic, and marine animals in the Philippines by regulating and
monitoring the construction and operation of all facilities used for breeding, caring for, treating, or
training all animals as pets or trade goods. The chicken is mixed with salt, etag, and water before being
boiled until it is ready to eat.

In the part where I do not agree with animal brutality.

Nearly every culture and tradition have its own method for making or preparing goods that are
utilized in performing its own particular rituals. Since it began that way and was passed down from one
generation to the next by their ancestors, what would appear barbaric to us may not be to them. Since
we now live in a refined and civilized age and have laws against things like animal cruelty, what those
diverse cultures still conduct in their traditional ways has a detrimental influence on society. Since laws
have been passed, people's perceptions of other cultures' ways of doing things have changed
significantly (Este the making of the pinikpikan). From the perspective of the people who once perceived
it as normal, it suddenly appeared barbaric and cruel to them. Contrarily, I am used to making pinikpikan
because it is similar to how I butcher or prepare different kinds of poultry.

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ASSESSMENT

SUMMATIVE TEST
ESSAY. In just two (2) paragraphs (10-12 sentences), explain the following: (50 points)
1. Compare and contrast the science education programs of public school and private schools in the
Philippines. (25 points)

The ultimate goal of both the public and private schools is to increase academic proficiency among
the students, and both follow a specific curriculum that is established by the relevant educational
authorities. The instructors of the public and private schools are also required to have a certain level of
academic qualification. The financing source, attendance fees, and student population are the three
areas where there are most often variations. The parallels and discrepancies highlight the significant
disparity between the two types of schools. In comparison to private schools, where parents are
required to pay for the school's infrastructure and technological advancements, the majority of public
schools are relatively affordable for parents because the government facilitates most of the costs and
teachers. Contrary to what is seen in public schools, private schools have more advanced facilities and
teachers that impart information to their students.

As was already said, the aspect that differs the most often is the method teachers instruct their
responsibilities. Regarding the public school, all that is taught is constrained and often generic since it
receives less funding and access to facilities for SCI EDUC programs. On the other hand, private
schools provide special education programs that are more closely tied to science and technology as
well as more effective teaching methods and instructional resources. As far as terminology that they
share, they both begin with the fundamentals or the origins of how science and technology were
created. The majority of the pupils here in the Philippines continue to find the discrepancies between
the two institutions to be unjust.

2. How do society and culture (indigenous science) influence the development of science and
technology? (25 points)

Society and economic progress most commonly have an impact on science and technology. A
civilization that has a strong culture and is experiencing economic progress is changing drastically on
all fronts. The evolution of science and technology is represented by the expanding and shifting
economic landscape. To cope with other governments, society, and the rest of the world, a civilization
with a sophisticated culture needs a number of technologies. Therefore, "need" is what motivates the
use of science and technology in these vulnerable areas while starting a firm.

Technology and science could not have evolved alone. There needs to be a foundation of
support from a practical, cultural, and mentality perspective. Science and technology are fortunate to
be developing and improving, but there are negatives as well, such as a tendency to shatter the tribe
and family structures of a society and civilization and to destroy some cultural and humanitarian values,
presumptions, and traditions. They might even help to undermine the social order in this way.
Additionally, in order to achieve the realization of the ideal world, a world of peace, the civilization in
which science and technology develop and flourish needs to be connected to the providential
mainstream.