Structure Folding patterns Bonds forming this structure Examples

Primary Linear sequence of The amino acids in a protein are joined by Triplet of
amino acids as peptide bonds, which link the amino group of DNA code
encoded by DNA the amino acids to the carboxyl group of
another. A water molecule is released each
time a bond is formed.

Secondary Alpha helices and beta An alpha helix is a right-handed coil stabilized Collagen
(alpha and sheets by hydrogen bonds between the amine and (helix)
beta) carboxyl groups of nearby amino acids.

Beta sheets are formed when hydrogen bonds

stabilize two or more adjacent strands

Tertiary Three-dimensional This shape is determined by the Ubiquitin,

shape of the protein characteristics of the amino acids making up TATA-
chain - globular the chain: hydrophobic, charged, and binding
hydrophilic. protein

Also, ionic, hydrogen, covalent di-sulfide, and

ester bonds.

Quaternary Polypeptide chains Ionic, hydrogen, covalent di-sulfide, and ester Hemoglobin
come together to form bonds.
one functional
molecule with several
subunits.