Literature Review

The term technology was derived from the Greek word technologia. The term techno
logia evolved into technology, and it came into being. The term technology was first
used in the 17th century. Various types of technology are being utilized in finding
solutions to modern problems. As years passed, technology evolved due to human
beings' demands, especially in the field of education.

Before the arising of COVID-19, teachers had slowly utilized the use of technological
tools in their classrooms. Although the use of technology in education has long been
encouraged, the COVID-19 epidemic was the first time it was utilized for a longer period
of time (Leung, 2015). About half of all students worldwide had their education impacted
by this technological revolution (UNESCO, 2020), and as a consequence of this
emergence, the substantive situation highlights the significance of technology
integration in education and calls for instructors to upgrade their competencies.

As the worldwide technology revolution has shown itself in the widespread usage of
mobile technologies, opening new chances for applying innovative teaching approaches
both in and out of the classroom. With that development, mobile technologies have
become an important aspect of education. Students engage more in classroom
activities as technology-driven learning promotes individualism in learning as specific
requirements have been met, adapting and personalizing them. The use of technology
in teaching and learning shows the outcome of the student's improvement in their
performance. According to Kouser and Majid (2021), “Teachers can teach the students
by applying various technological skills which also helps them improve their teaching in
a more advanced way”.

INTEGRATION OF PEDAGOGICAL TOOLS

Traditional pedagogical tools are still present in the classroom setting and still
maximized by educators alongside the modern pedagogical tools that mainly operate
technological methods. Students learning experiences can be made more efficient and
interesting by combining traditional and modern methods. The integration of these tools
is already common and resulted in effectiveness in teaching and learning. However, as
technology advances, technological pedagogy also advances with different tools to
integrate. Tools that are used as an interactive learning system that supports the
learning process allow users (subjects of the educational process) to simultaneously
perform various educational tasks and exercises in real time (Savov et al., 2019).
According to Drexel University (2022), utilizing different types of technology in the
classroom, including a virtual classroom, creates learners who are actively engaged
with learning objectives. The implementation of technology also creates pathways for
differentiated instruction to meet the unique needs of students as individual learners
within a broader classroom climate. Moreover, it is very important to integrate these
technological tools in the classroom because of the various benefits and effects when
technology is used for educational instruction and some may argue that not all of the
effects are positive. Having an infinite flow of information and entertainment available at
any given time could be seen as a distraction, but if technology is integrated into the
classroom with routines in place that are monitored or assessed, the pros of using
technology in the classroom outweigh the cons.
Numerous studies emphasize the value of incorporating technology into pedagogical
practices and suggest that doing so benefits both students and teachers in the learning
process (Salam et al., 2019). According to Islam et al. (2019), the use of technology in
the classroom increases teachers' competence in both pedagogical and content areas
and facilitates students' effective learning through the use of technological tools. The
benefits of technology use for teachers are shown by a number of research. For
instance, Vongkulluksn et al. 's (2018) study shows that teachers prefer to spend more
time instructing in classes where technology is used effectively. Additionally, instructors'
technological proficiency enables them to quickly adapt to new instructional methods
and practices; as a result, their performance gets enhanced.
The main objectives for adopting technology in education are to set up students for their
futures and to stay up with society. Researchers and educators have identified
technology as a means of enhancing learners' motivation and engagement. Adapting to
different approaches to learning and enhancing learning results.

EFFECTIVENESS OF TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION IN THE CLASSROOM

The COVID-19 pandemic is quickly demonstrating why online education should be a

vital part of teaching and learning. By integrating technology into existing curricula, as
opposed to using it solely as a crisis-management tool, teachers can harness online
learning as a powerful educational tool. According to American Education (2020), the
effective use of digital learning tools in classrooms can increase student engagement,
help teachers improve their lesson plans, and facilitate personalized learning. It also
helps students build essential 21st-century skills. Virtual classrooms, video, augmented
reality (AR), robots, and other technology tools cannot only make the class more lively,
but they can also create more inclusive learning environments that foster collaboration
and inquisitiveness and enable teachers to collect data on student performance. Still,
it’s important to note that technology is a tool used in education and not an end in itself.
The promise of educational technology lies in what educators do with it and how it is
used to best support their students’ needs.

Five Reasons Why Your Students NEED Technology in the Classroom (Danny Mareco,
2017).
1. It allows students to enhance their interaction with their classmates and instructors by
encouraging collaboration. High school students using technology in the classroom.

2. Using technology in the classroom allows teachers and other faculty members to
develop their student's digital citizenship skills. It's one thing to use mobile devices, it's a
completely different way to know how to use them correctly and responsibly.

3. Integrating technology in education helps students stay engaged. Most students

today have been using mobile devices like tablets and smartphones to play and learn
since they could crawl. So, it only seems logical to align today's classrooms with the
way that your students want and are used to learning.

4. Combining new tech like VR (virtual reality) with traditional classroom instruction is
one example of how the introduction of new technology can enhance the learning
experience and create new opportunities.

5. Technology transforms the learning experience. Students have access to an

incredible amount of new opportunities. From learning how to code to learning how to
better collaborate across teams and with their instructors--technology empowers
students to be more creative and connected. New tech has supercharged how we learn
today.

The teacher must develop practice and understanding regarding technological use to
help the students learn effectively (Majid & Kouser, 2021). Traditional learning is
somewhat what instructors used to teach as they believe learning from also what they
learned could also make learners in this generation learn and understand them. But as
Majid & Kouser said, teachers should learn to utilize technologies in today’s time as it is
more efficient for students to learn.

REFERENCES:

American University School of Education (2020). How Important Is Technology in

Education? Benefits, Challenges, and Impact on Students.

 https://soeonline.american.edu/blog/technology-in-education.

Ananga, P. (2020). Pedagogical Considerations of E-Learning in Education for

Development in the Face of COVID-19. International Journal of Technology in
Education and Science, 4(4), 310–321. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.v4i4.123

COVID-19 : with half of world’s student population out of school, UNESCO

launches coalition to accelerate remote learning solutions. (2022, April 21).
UNESCO. https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/covid-19-half-worlds-student-
population-out-school-unesco-launches-coalition-accelerate-remote

Drexel University School of Education (2023).HOW TO USE TECHNOLOGY IN THE

CLASSROOM: BENEFITS & EFFECTS.
https://drexel.edu/soe/resources/student-teaching/advice/how-to-use-technology-
in-the-classroom.

Global Educational Supplies and Solution. (2017).The Effectiveness of Technology in

Education! https://www.gessdubai.com/news-center/articles/effectiveness-
technology-education

Indriani, F., & Zakariyah, S. (2022). Thematic Subject Specific Pedagogy to Integrate
21st Century Learning Skills. International Journal of Learning Reformation in
Elementary Education, 1(01), 30–41. https://doi.org/10.56741/ijlree.v1i01.64

Islam, A. A., Mok, M. M. C., Gu, X., Spector, J., and Hai-Leng, C. (2019). ICT in higher
education: an exploration of practices in Malaysian universities. IEEE Access 7,
16892–16908. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2895879

Kouser, Shazia & Majid, Ishfaq. (2021). Technological Tools for Enhancing Teaching
and
Learning Process. 13. 366-373. 10.37867/TE130133.

N. J. Yelland, “A pedagogy of multiliteracies: young children and multimodal learning

with tablets,” British Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 49, no. 5, pp.
847–858, 2018.

Omirzak, I., Alzhanov, A., Kartashova, O., & Ananishnev, V. M. (2022). Integrating
mobile technologies in a smart classroom to improve the quality of the
educational process: Synergy of technological and pedagogical tools. World
Journal on Educational Technology, 14(3), 560–578.
https://doi.org/10.18844/wjet.v14i3.7194

Salam, M., Iskandar, D. N. A., Ibrahim, D. H. A., and Farooq, M. S. (2019). Technology
integration in service-learning pedagogy: a holistic framework. Tele. Inform. 38,
257–273. doi: 10.1016/j.tele.2019.02.002
T. C. Leung, “Music piracy: bad for record sales but good for the iPod?” Information
Economics and Policy, vol. 31, pp. 1–12, 2015.