Electrodynamics: Ohm'S Law and Circuit Analysis

ELECTRODYNAMICS:
OHM’S LAW AND

CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
Mr. Jerome Morales, LPT
Mr. John Kenneth Bugal, LPT
GRADE 10 PHYSICS TEACHERS
Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Bythe end of this discussion, the students should be able to:
• Infer the relationship between current and voltage
• Analyze and solve problems using Ohm’s Law
• Identify different electronic components based on their
functions in a given circuit arrangement
• Differentiate series connection from parallel connection in
terms of their advantages and disadvantages in homes
• Calculate for the equivalent resistance, total current, and
total voltage of a given electrical circuit arrangement
RECALL QUESTION:
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN ELECTRIC
POTENTIAL ENERGY AND
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL?
RECALL QUESTION:
PROVE THAT THE
DIFFERENCE IN ELECTRIC
POTENTIAL IS EQUAL TO
THE WORK DONE ON A
CHARGE.
RECALL QUESTION:
WHAT DO WE CALL THE

WORK DONE ON A
CHARGE (W/q)?
RECALL QUESTION:
IN A CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT,
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO
HAVE TWO TERMINALS WITH
DIFFERENCE IN ELECTRIC
POTENTIAL?
RECALL QUESTION:
IN THE SEVEN FUNDAMENTAL

MEASUREMENTS, WHAT IS THE
QUANTITY THAT HAS
SOMETHING TO DO WITH
ELECTRICITY?
ELECTRODYNAMICS:
ELECTRIC
CURRENT
ANDRÉ-MARIE AMPÈRE
FRENCH PHYSICIST WHO FOUNDED AND NAMED THE SCIENCE OF
ELECTRODYNAMICS. AFTER HEARING ABOUT OERSTED’S
DISCOVERY OF NEEDLE DEFLECTION IN A COMPASS AS IT GOES
NEAR A CIRCUIT, HE IMMEDIATELY INVESTIGATED HOW MAGNETISM
AND ELECTRICITY ARE LINKED TOGETHER.
A PRODUCT OF THIS IS THE AMPERE’S LAW WHICH IS AN IMPORTANT

SCIENTIFIC LAW IN UNDERSTANDING ELECTROMAGNETISM.
THE UNIT OF MEASUREMENT FOR ELECTRIC CURRENT WAS NAMED

IN HONOR OF HIM FOR HIS CONTRIBUTIONS IN SCIENCE.
ANDRÉ-MARIE AMPÈRE

ELECTRIC CURRENT

ELECTRIC CURRENT
𝑰 = 𝑸⁄𝒕
Where: UNIT OF MEASUREMENT:
I – Electric current
Q – Amount of charge
t – time AMPERE (A)
ELECTRIC CURRENT
𝑰 = 𝑸⁄𝒕
This means that for every 1 A, there is 1 C of
charge flowing in a cross-section of a conductor
in every 1 second.
ELECTRIC CURRENT AND ITS EFFECTS ON HUMANS

SAMPLE PROBLEM #1
A 700-microcoulomb of charge passes through a cross-section
of a conductor. This happened at about 7 milliseconds.
(a) What is the calculated electric current flow in this conductor?
(b) Is this current enough to cause dangerous effects for
humans?

SAMPLE PROBLEM #1
A 700-microcoulomb of charge passes through a cross-section
of a conductor. This happened at about 7 milliseconds.
(a) What is the calculated electric current flow in this conductor?
(b) Is this current enough to cause dangerous effects for
humans?
(a) 0.1 A
(b) Yes. The lethal amount of current starts at 0.1 A and can
cause heart fibrillation.

ELECTRODYNAMICS:
ELECTRIC
VOLTAGE
ALESSANDRO VOLTA
ITALIAN PHYSICIST FAMOUSLY KNOWN FOR
INVENTING THE BATTERY. ASIDE FROM THE BATTERY
BEING A PORTABLE SOURCE OF ELECTRICAL
ENERGY, IT IS ALSO A REVOLUTIONARY INVENTION
PROVIDING A STABLE CONTINUOUS CURRENT (OR
DIRECT CURRENT) POWERING ANY CIRCUIT.
THE UNIT VOLT (V) FOR VOLTAGE WAS NAMED AFTER

HIM TO HONOR HIS CONTRIBUTIONS IN ELECTRICAL
ALESSANDRO VOLTA PHYSICS.

VOLTAGE
As discussed in earlier lessons, VOLTAGE (V) is also known as the
potential difference between two charged poles.
It can also be defined as the work done by the electric field lines on
a charge/ on charges flowing through a conductor.
"
𝑉
Hence, Where:
! V – voltage
#
Q – Amount of Charge
W – Work done on charges/ on a charge

RECITATION QUESTION
WHAT DO WE GET WHEN WE

MULTIPLY VOLTAGE AND
CURRENT TO EACH OTHER?
RECITATION QUESTION
ANSWER:
W/t
But what is work per time?

ELECTRODYNAMICS:
ELECTRIC
POWER
ELECTRIC POWER
ELECTRIC POWER is obtained by multiplying the
voltage and the current flowing in a circuit.
Derivations from each equation results to work per

time which, if we can recall, is defined as power.
Electric power is expressed in units as Watts (W) and

Horsepower (hp).
ELECTRIC POWER
Where:
P = VI
P – Electric Power
V – Voltage
I - Current
HORSEPOWER TO WATTS
For every 1 hp, there is 735.5 W (approx.) of

electrical power.
TRY THIS
WATTS (W) HORSEPOWER (hp)
900 W (1)
1.70 kW (2)
COMPLETE THE TABLE
FOR CONVERSIONS
8.00 kW (3)
(4) 6 hp
(5) 11.2 hp

RECITATION QUESTION
WHAT QUANTITY IS
BEING MEASURED
TO CHARGE YOU
IN YOUR
MERALCO BILLS
EVERY MONTH?

ELECTRIC ENERGY
THE UNIT FOR POWER IS WATTS (W). WHEN EXPANDED, IT IS JOULES
PER SECOND (J/s).
IF WE MULTIPLY TIME TO POWER, IT WILL CANCEL THE TIME UNIT IN THE

DENOMINATOR LEAVING US WITH JUST THE JOULE UNIT.
THIS MEANS THAT POWER MULTIPLIED TO HOW MUCH TIME THE POWER
IS USED IS EQUIVALENT TO THE ELECTRICAL ENERGY WE CONSUMED
IN THE PROCESS.

ELECTRIC ENERGY
Where:
E = Pt
P – Electric Power
E – Electric Energy
t – Time (how long the power was used)
ELECTRIC ENERGY
Therefore, in Meralco bills, kilowatthours (kWh) is a unit of energy. It
represents the energy consumption in your household for a month.

SAMPLE PROBLEM #2
A 6.0-V battery delivers a 0.50-A current to an electric motor
connected across its terminals.
A. What power is delivered to the motor?

B. If the motor runs for 5 minutes, how much electrical energy is
delivered?
C. If each kWh (3.6x106 J) is 7.41 Pesos, how much will this activity add
to your electric bill?

ELECTRODYNAMICS:
ELECTRIC
RESISTANCE
GEORG SIMON OHM
GERMAN PHYSICIST RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
DISCOVERY OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
CURRENT, VOLTAGE, AND RESISTANCE IN A CIRCUIT
ARRANGEMENT.
HIS PUBLISHED RESEARCH AND STUDIES IN

ELECTRODYNAMICS WAS FOCUSED ON THE
MATHEMATICAL INVESTIGATION OF ELECTRICAL
QUANTITIES. THE UNIT FOR RESISTANCE, OHM (Ω),
WAS NAMED AFTER HIM TO HONOR HIS
GEORG SIMON OHM CONTRIBUTIONS IN ELECTRICAL PHYSICS.

ELECTRIC RESISTANCE
ELECTRIC RESISTANCE (R) IS THE PHYSICAL MEASUREMENT OF HOW MUCH A
CONDUCTOR IMPEDES THE FLOW OF CURRENT THROUGH IT.
IN STUDYING PHYSICS, WE HAVE COME ACROSS SEVERAL NON-

CONSERVATIVE FORCES IN NATURE LIKE AIR RESISTANCE AND FRICTION.
CAN YOU REMEMBER WHY FRICTION AND

AIR RESISTANCE IS IMPORTANT IN NATURE?

ELECTRIC RESISTANCE
ELECTRIC RESISTANCE CAN BE OBTAINED IN MANY DIFFERENT
WAYS. ONE OF WHICH IS THROUGH THE SHAPE AND SIZE OF
THE CONDUCTOR.
THE EQUATION FOR THIS IS:

RESISTIVITY CONSTANTS

SAMPLE PROBLEM 3
Silver has a resistivity of what 1.59⋅10 Ωm,
−8
would the total resistance be of a silver wire

of length 0.5 m and radius 0.004 m?

SAMPLE PROBLEM 4
The resistivity of silicon is Ωm, what 6.4⋅102
would the total resistance be if you tried to

make a wire of length 1.0 m and radius 0.05
m out of silicon?

ELECTRODYNAMICS:
RESISTOR COLOR-
CODING
RESISTORS
The picture on the right is
an electronic component
used in circuits to add
resistance to achieve a
specific amount of
electric power, voltage,
and current on a circuit
arrangement.
RESISTORS
The value of resistance

present in each resistor is
determined by the color
bands that go with it.

RESISTOR COLOR-CODING

TRY THIS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Bythe end of this discussion, the students should be able to:
• Infer the relationship between current and voltage
• Analyze and solve problems using Ohm’s Law
• Identify different electronic components based on their
functions in a given circuit arrangement
• Differentiate series connection from parallel connection in
terms of their advantages and disadvantages in homes
• Calculate for the equivalent resistance, total current, and total
voltage of a given electrical circuit arrangement

Electrodynamics: Ohm'S Law and Circuit Analysis

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ELECTRODYNAMICS:

OHM’S LAW AND

WHAT DO WE CALL THE

IN THE SEVEN FUNDAMENTAL

A PRODUCT OF THIS IS THE AMPERE’S LAW WHICH IS AN IMPORTANT

THE UNIT OF MEASUREMENT FOR ELECTRIC CURRENT WAS NAMED

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

THE UNIT VOLT (V) FOR VOLTAGE WAS NAMED AFTER

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

WHAT DO WE GET WHEN WE

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

Derivations from each equation results to work per

Electric power is expressed in units as Watts (W) and

For every 1 hp, there is 735.5 W (approx.) of

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

IF WE MULTIPLY TIME TO POWER, IT WILL CANCEL THE TIME UNIT IN THE

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

A. What power is delivered to the motor?

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

HIS PUBLISHED RESEARCH AND STUDIES IN

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

IN STUDYING PHYSICS, WE HAVE COME ACROSS SEVERAL NON-

CAN YOU REMEMBER WHY FRICTION AND

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

THE EQUATION FOR THIS IS:

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

would the total resistance be of a silver wire

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

would the total resistance be if you tried to

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

The value of resistance

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

Copyright © 2022 Saint Jude Catholic School, Manila

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