Depression is a global mental health problem that affects people from all walks of life.

Early detection and

intervention are critical for effective depression management. In recent years, researchers have investigated
the use of the Python programming language and machine learning (ML) algorithms in international data for
depression detection. We summarise some recent studies that investigated the use of Python for depression
detection in this literature review.

[1]Using machine learning techniques, P. Pandey and S. K. Singh published "Detection of Depression" (2021)
This study evaluated the use of several machine learning techniques, such as logistic regression, decision trees,
and random forests, to detect sadness in a sample of Indian university students. The authors used the Patient
Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to determine the severity of depression. They had an accuracy of 80% in
identifying sadness using random forest. In order to assess the degree of depression, the researchers extracted
data from the PHQ-9, including heart rate variability and electrodermal activity. They had 80% accuracy in
identifying depression using SVM. They extracted features such as heart rate variability and
electrodermal activity and achieved an accuracy of 80% using SVM.

[2] In 2019, Yildirim and Sener presented a machine learning method for identifying depression using
data from Twitter. They gathered a number of features, including sentiment analysis, linguistic
complexity, and keyword frequency. By utilising logistic regression, they were able to identify
depression with a 78% accuracy rate. To extract characteristics from a dataset of tweets, they used
topic modelling, sentiment analysis, and emotion analysis techniques. Their research used a support
vector machine to detect sorrow with an accuracy of 84%. (SVM). a model that analyses tweets to
detect depression using a combination of machine learning algorithms and natural language
processing methods. They identified depression with an accuracy of 84.8% using a dataset of 3000
tweets.

[3] Using different ML methods, including logistic regression, decision trees, and random forests,
Pandey and Singh (2021) suggested a model for depression detection among Indian university
students. With the use of random forest, they were able to identify depression with an accuracy of
80% using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to measure its severity. They assessed the
severity of depression using a number of PHQ-9 components, including heart rate variability and
electrodermal activity. Support vector machine (SVM) was used to accurately identify depression. They
identified depression by using ML approaches to assess voice patterns such prosody, speech pace,
and pitch fluctuation. They detected depression with a 78% accuracy rate using SVM.

[4] Using the use of different ML algorithms such decision trees, logistic regression, and support
vector machines, Shen et al. (2021) suggested a model for the diagnosis of depression in financial
investors. To identify depression, they employed sentiment analysis on social media and financial
news articles. Using decision trees, they were able to identify depression with an accuracy of 82.14%.
To gauge the depth of the depression, they combined financial indicators, technical indications, and
investor mood. With a 78% accuracy rate, they were able to identify depression using random forest.
To identify depression, they evaluated a variety of features including sentiment analysis, price
volatility, and trade volume. With an accuracy of 81.3%, they were able to identify depression using a
gradient boosting machine.
[5] Using Twitter data gathered from several nations, such as the United States, Canada, and the
United Kingdom, Zou et al. (2021) created a depression detection model. To identify depression in
Twitter data, researchers employed Python and a variety of machine learning methods, including
decision trees and random forests. They used random woodland and got an accuracy of 75.6%. To
identify sadness in Chinese social media data, researchers employed Python and a variety of machine
learning algorithms, including neural networks and support vector machines (SVM). They used SVM to
attain an accuracy of 88.32%. To identify depression in online forum data, researchers employed
Python and a variety of machine learning algorithms, including logistic regression and SVM. They used
SVM to attain an accuracy of 79.5%.

In conclusion, these studies show the potential of the Python programming language and machine
learning algorithms for detecting depression in international data. These models have the potential to
improve the accuracy and efficiency of depression detection in various cultural contexts, allowing for
timely interventions for people suffering from depression in different countries. More research is
needed, however, to validate these models in various international data sources and improve their
performance.