MC3L

POST LAB DISCUSSIONS

W.I.TAPAS
L.E. 5: STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION

• STERILIZATION VS DISINFECTION

Factors influencing efficiency of chemical agents

-Conc. and potency of chemical agent
-Duration of exposure
-Temperature
-Nature of surrounding medium
-Nature of the organism
-Size of the inoculum
L.E. 5: STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION
• THERMAL DEATH TIME
• CIDAL VS STATIC
• ANTISEPSIS
• FILTRATION
• DESSICATION/DRYING
• AUTOCLAVING
• TYNDALLIZATION OF FRACTIONAL STERILIZATION

• PHENOL
• CHLORINE
• CRESOL
• IODINE
• 1% AgNO3
L.E. 6: BACTERIAL STRUCTURES
• STRUCTURE: Capsule
• STAIN USED: Hins Stain

• STRUCTURE: Spores
• STAIN USED: Wirtz-Conklin / Dorner and Schaeffer & Fulton Stain

• STRUCTURE: Metachromatic Granules

• STAIN USED: LAMB (Loeffler’s Alkaline Methylene Blue)
BACTERIAL STRUCTURES
• CELL WALL
• CELL MEMBRANE
• LPS
• RIBOSOMES
• NUCLEOID

• GRANULES
• PILI
• FLAGELLA
• ENDOSPORES
• CAPSULES
L.E. 7: ANTIMICROBIAL
SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING

IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IDEAL ANTIMICROBIAL AGENT

• Cidal or static
• Broad spectrum
• Not cause A/E to patient
• Stable
• Remain in specific body tissues for longer time
• Selective toxicity
L.E. 7: ANTIMICROBIAL
SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING
L.E. 8: ANTIMICROBIAL
SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE (AMR)

a. Drug Modification/Inactivation
b. Prevention of Cellular Uptake or Efflux – Efflux of Tetra/Macro/Quinolones
c. Modification of Target Sites e.g. MRSA
d. Production of Enzymes
e. Molecular Mimicry ie. Enzyme inactivation by Beta Lactamase
L.E. 8. BACTERIA AND DISEASE

DISEASE VS INFECTION
VIRULENCE VS PATHOGENICITY
MUTUALISM VS COMMENSALISM VS PARASITISM

MECHANISMS OF DISEASE PRODUCTION

MECHANICAL – invasiveness
CHEMICAL – toxin production
IMMUNOLOGIC
L.E. 8. BACTERIA AND DISEASE
L.E. 8. BACTERIA AND DISEASE
L.E. 8. BACTERIA AND DISEASE

• ENDEMIC
• EPIDEMIC
• SPORADIC
• EXOTIC
L.E. 9: IMMUNOLOGY

INNATE VS ADAPTIVE
ANTIGEN VS IMMUNOGEN
CELL-MEDIATED VS HUMORAL

PRIMARY VS SECONDARY LYMPHOID ORGANS

L.E. 9: IMMUNOLOGY
L.E. 9: IMMUNOLOGY
GOT ANY QUESTIONS?