10

English
Quarter 4 – Module 5:
Composing a Research Report on
a Relevant Social Issue
English– Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 5: Composing a Research Report on a Relevant Social Issue
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Region XI

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English
Quarter 4 – Module 5:
Composing a Research Report on
a Relevant Social Issue
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning at home. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage
and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own learning. Take
time to read, understand, and perform the different activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be reminded of the
following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Let Us Learn

Hello! How does it feel that the self-paced learning journey for this academic year
is about to end? Probably, you might be having that mixed feeling. But, oops! Your
utilization of your academic abilities particularly your linguistic ability is not yet over.
You have now to pour out all the things that you learned in writing, especially in making
a research in this module. So, save the best for last.
Research has become an indispensable academic tasks. In fact, most paper
works today require research. This only means that paper works become more reliable,
accurate and effective when it is research-based.
In this module, you will be learning how to compose a research report on a
relevant social issue.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Master the different parts of a research report;
2. Arrange your references following the APA format; and
3. Draft a research report.

Let Us Try
The journey to composing your research work calls for your stock knowledge on
the parts of this academic paper. Let us see what you have stored in your mind when it
comes to drafting a research report.

Pre-Test: Activity 1 Scrambled at 360 Degrees

DIRECTIONS: Arrange the scrambled words to correctly match with the description of
a specific thing about a research report. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

_____ 1. This is the summary of all sections and aids the readers in deciding whether
or not read the research report. (RACTTSAB)

_____ 2. This part of the research report presents the information gathered through
the research. (SURLETS)

_____ 3. This part presents the overview, scope, and focus of the research paper.
(IONTCUDROINT)

_____ 4. Graphs, charts, tables and lists are the usual contents of this page in a
research work. (XIDNEPPA)

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 _____ 5. This provides note or further and related researches about the chosen topic.
(VIEWER TURELITERA)

_____ 6. This explains how the research was conducted. (OOLOGMYETHD)

_____ 7. This part interprets and analyzes the results of the study or research.
(CUSSIDSION)

_____ 8. This is the summary of the research. (CLUSCONION)

_____ 9. This is a list of all the sources used in the research. (SCENEREFER)

_____ 10. This is a systematic investigation to contribute to an existing body of

knowledge. (SEARCHER)

_____ 11. This research framework dwells on time tested theories. (RECITALTHEO)

_____ 12. This type of research framework is also called as conceptual framework.
(SEARCHER MGDIARAP)

_____ 13. In the field of research, this refers to an idea or explanation for a particular
situation or condition but which has not yet been proven to correct.
(THESISPOHY)

_____ 14. This is a brief form of reference that you include in the body of your work.
(IN-TEXT TIONCITA)

_____ 15. It is a specific issue, difficulty, contradiction or gap in knowledge that you
aim to address in your research. (SEARCHER MELROB)

(Compare your answers on the Answer Key page at the end of this module. See if you
have done it correctly)

Let Us Study
Activity 2 Spot the Issue

Directions: Read the transcript of the speech of a 12-year-old Canadian girl, Severn
Suzuki during the 1992 UN Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Then, answer the
comprehension questions.

*************************************************************************************
“Hello, I’m Severn Suzuki, speaking for ECO, the Environmental Children’s
Organization.
We are a group of four twelve and thirteen year-olds from Canada trying to make
a difference.

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 We raised all the money ourselves to come 5,000 miles to tell you adults you must
change your ways.
Coming here today I have no hidden agenda. I’m fighting for my future. Losing
my future is not like losing an election or a few points in the stock market. I am here to
speak for all future generations yet to come.
I am here to speak on behalf of the starving children around the world whose
cries go unheard. I am here to speak for the countless animals dying across this planet
because they have nowhere left to go.
I am afraid to go out in the sun now because of the holes in the ozone.
I am afraid to breathe the air because I don’t know what chemicals are in it.
I used to go fishing in Vancouver, my hometown, with my dad, until just a few
years ago we found the fish full of cancers. And now we hear about animals and plants
going extinct every day – vanishing forever.
In my life, I have dreamt of seeing the great herds of wild animals, jungles, and
rain forests full of birds and butterflies, but now I wonder if they will even exist for my
children to see.
Did you worry about these things when you were my age?
All this is happening before our eyes, and yet we act as if we have all the time we
want and all the solutions. I’m only a child and I don’t have all the solutions, but I want
you to realize, neither do you!
You don’t know how to fix the holes in our ozone layer.
You don’t know how to bring the salmon back up a dead stream. You don’t know
how to bring back an animal now extinct.
And you can’t bring back the forests that once grew where there is now a desert.
If you don’t know how to fix it, please stop breaking it!
Here you may be delegates of your governments, business people, organizers,
reporters, or politicians. But really you are mothers and fathers, sisters and brothers,
aunts and uncles. And all of you are somebody’s child.
I’m only a child, yet I know we are all a part of a family, five billion strong—in
fact, 30 million species strong. And borders and governments will never change that.
I’m only a child, yet I know we are all in this together and should act as one single world
toward one single goal.
In my anger, I am not blind, and in my fear, I am not afraid to tell the world how
I feel.
In my country, we make so much waste. We buy and throw away, buy and throw
away. And yet northern countries will not share with the needy.
Even when we have more than enough, we are afraid to lose some of our wealth, afraid
to let go.
In Canada, we live the privileged life with plenty of food, water, and shelter. We
have watches, bicycles, computers, and television sets. Two days ago here in Brazil, we
were shocked when we spent time with some children living on the streets. And this is
what one child told us: “I wish I was rich. And if I were, I would give all the street children
food, clothes, medicine, shelter, love, and affection.”
If this child on the street who has nothing is willing to share, why are we who
have everything still so greedy? I can’t stop thinking that these children are my own age,
that it makes a tremendous difference where you are born. I could be one of those
children living in the favelas of Rio.

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 I could be a child starving in Somalia, a victim of war in the Middle East, or a
beggar in India.
I’m only a child, yet I know if all the money spent on war was spent on ending
poverty and finding environmental answers, what a wonderful place this Earth would
be.
At school, even in kindergarten, you teach us how to behave in the world. You
teach us not to fight with others, to work things out, to respect others, to clean up our
mess, not to hurt other creatures, to share, not be greedy. Then why do you go out and
do the things you tell us not to do?
Do not forget why you are attending these conferences, who you are doing this
for—we are your children. You are deciding what kind of a world we will grow up in.
Parents should be able to comfort their children by saying, “Everything’s going to be all
right.” “We’re doing the best we can.” “It’s not the end of the world.”
But I don’t think you can say that to us anymore. Are we even on your list of
priorities? My dad always says, “You are what you do, not what you say.” Well, what
you do makes me cry at night. You grown-ups say you love us.
I challenge you, please, make your actions reflect your words. Thank you for
listening.”

https://www.coolaustralia.org/severn-suzuki-telling-the-un-earth-summit-how-it-is-in-1992-secondary/

************************************************************************************************

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS:

1. What was Severn Suzuki and her group’s agenda of coming to the 1992 UN
Earth Summit?
2. What was her challenge to the delegates of the UN Summit?
3. If you were Suzuki, what challenge would you like to pose among the
delegates of the said environmental summit?
4. What social issue was Suzuki trying to address in these lines of her speech:

a. I am here to speak on behalf of the starving children around the world

whose cries go unheard.
____________________________

b. I am here to speak for the countless animals dying across this planet
because they have nowhere left to go.
____________________________

c. I am afraid to go out in the sun now because of the holes in the ozone.
____________________________

d. I am afraid to breathe the air because I don’t know what chemicals

are in it.
____________________________

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 Hunger, poverty, animal extinction, and pollution were some of the pressing issues
pointed out by Suzuki in her speech during the summit. Having experienced by the
people throughout the years, these social issues have become perennial.

As a 21st century researcher, it is important that you have a relevant social issue
to deal with in your research. To write a research about such issue effectively, the issue
must be something that you have experienced or something that you can relate to. Below
are the tips in choosing a topic for your research report.

Selecting a Topic

The ability to develop a good research topic is an important skill. When deciding
on a topic, there are a few things that you will need to do:
§ brainstorm for ideas
§ choose a topic that will enable you to read and understand the literature
§ ensure that the topic is manageable and that material is available
§ make a list of key words
§ be flexible
§ define your topic as a focused research question
§ research and read more about your topic
§ formulate a thesis statement

Now that you are already given the tips in selecting a topic, you might already have
something in mind that a social issue will be the subject of your report. This time, let us
remember the basics in writing a research title.

Writing a Research Paper Title

1. Writing a Qualitative and Quantitative Research Title

For Qualitative Study: Make sure your research title uses a gerund, and reveals:
(a) the topic or problem of the study; and
(b) sample participants.

You can use the following formula:

Gerund: Investigating
Topic or problem: Oral Communication Skills
Sample Participants: Grade 10 students

Example: Investigating the Oral Communication Skills of Grade 10 Students: A

Qualitative Study

For Quantitative Study: Make sure your research title presents:

(a) the independent variable (IV)
(b) the dependent variable (DV); and
(c) the respondents of the study.
You can use the following formula:
Independent Variable: Oral Communication Skills

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 Dependent Variable: Academic Performance
Sample Respondents: Grade 10 students

Example: The Oral Communication Skills and Academic Performance

2. Avoid unnecessary words and jargons. You want a title that will be
comprehensible even to people who are not experts in your field.

3. Make sure your title is between 5 and 15 words in length and must be in inverted
pyramid form.

Activity 3 Loud and Clear!

Directions: Put a check mark if the given research title is clear; an X mark if it is the
opposite.

_____ 1. The COVID-19 Crisis

_____ 2. Taking breaks improve learner’s academic performance: A quantitative
study of taking breaks during online class among Grade 10 students
_____ 3. The new normal
_____ 4. The COVID Vaccine
_____ 5. Constant parent-teen conversation lessens vices: A qualitative study of
parental guidance among Grade 10 students
_____ 6. Teenage pregnancy
_____ 7. Joblessness
_____ 8. The benefits of barangay lockdown
_____ 9. Depression among teenagers
_____ 10. Saving lives

For sure, by this time, you already have in mind a social issue that you want to dig
deeper and its title. Are you ready to take the very core in writing a research report?

In conducting a research study, please bear in mind that a research paper can
be qualitative or quantitative. As pointed out in Module 1 Technical Terms Used in
Research, a Qualitative Research is a type of social science research that collects
and works with non-numerical data that seeks to interpret meaning and analyze the
meaning of the data gathered to understand social life through the study of targeted
participants. On the other hand, Quantitative Research is the process of collecting
and analyzing numerical data. It can be used to find patterns and averages, make
predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize results to wider populations.

What makes Qualitative Research different from a Quantitative Research? Let’s go

over again with the tabular presentation which was given in Module 1 for this
quarter.

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 Quantitative Research Qualitative Research
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
(Background of the Study) (Context and Rationale)

• Review of the Related Literature • Purpose of the Study

and Studies • Research Questions
• Theoretical Framework • Theoretical Lens
• Conceptual Framework • Significance of the Study
• Statement of the Problem • Definition of Terms
• Hypothesis • Scope and Delimitation

CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED

• Research Design LITERATURE AND
• Research Locale STUDIES
• Research Respondents
• Research Instrument
• Data Gathering Procedure
• Statistical Tools
• Ethical Consideration

CHAPTER 3: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

• Research Design
• Role of the Researcher
• Research Participants
• Data Collection
• Data Analysis
• Trustworthiness of the Study
• Ethical Consideration

CHAPTER 4: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND

AND RECOMMENDATION DISCUSSION
• Summary of Findings
• Conclusion CHAPTER 5: CONCLUDING REMARKS
• Recommendation AND IMPLICATIONS FOR FUTURE
DIRECTIONS

REFERENCE (APA Format) REFERENCE (APA Format)

Have you decided now on the type of research you are going to draft? Now, let’s
take a look at an example of quantitative research (with guide in drafting each part)
focusing on the excerpts of Chapter 1. The research is entitled Language Beliefs and
Study Habits as Predictors of Academic Rating.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstract

Students’ language success, particularly their academic performance, depends

on a number of factors. The research was conducted to identify the relationship of
language beliefs, study habits and academic rating of secondary schools of Cluster V,
Davao City were the respondents of the study. The study utilized survey questionnaire.

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Descriptive-correlation method was used in the analysis of the data. Results showed
that the respondents possess the highest level of language belie on motivations and
expectations and lowest on difficulty of language learning. On study habits, they employ
method in studying by giving priority to studying subjects which are pressing for
examination. It surfaced that majority of the respondents belong to the approaching
proficiency level in their first grading academic rating. Pearson Product-Moment
Correlation Coefficient ® revealed that there is a significant relationship between
academic performance and study habits while there is no significant relationship
between the former and language beliefs. It was found out that there are other
extraneous variables that affect students’ academic rating. The stepwise multiple
regression analysis demonstrated that study habits is the best predictor of academic
rating. Based from the outcomes of the study, the researcher suggested that public
schools must not only improve students’ study habits and refine their beliefs but also
intensify partnership with the school’s stakeholders for better academic standing.

Keywords: language beliefs, study habits, academic performance, academic rating,

extraneous variables

HOW TO WRITE AN ABSTRACT:

• It is usually written in one paragraph.

• It is written in 150 to 250 words.
• It includes: a.) the overall purpose of your study and the research problem/s;
b.) the research design; c.) major findings or trends as found in the result of
your analysis; and d.) a brief summary of your interpretations and conclusions.

Chapter 1
Background of the Study
English language learners across the globe come to class and perform language
tasks with diverse backgrounds and experiences. They experience language success or
failure in these academic activities. Language success is a product of many factors.
These factors that affect students’ language proficiency and behavior have been the
subjects of innumerable studies in the academic field. Extraneous variables such as
motivation, autonomy, strategies, beliefs and anxiety were taken into consideration.
Others were also regarded such as intelligence (Shuja, 2008, Khalid and Ahmad 2009)
and high quality books (Robinson, 2000). Associating language achievement to study
habits and beliefs is what the study is trying to explore so that language teachers can
refine and promote students’ beliefs.
…Educators link language beliefs to the school’s or division’s performance in the
National Achievement Test (NAT) administered to Grade 3, 6, and Fourth year levels…
Other than motivating, teachers train students to learn independently, boost their self-
esteem and employ strategies leading to effective learning of the language.

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 HOW TO WRITE AN INTRODUCTION:

• Start broadly and then narrow down.

• Start the aims and importance of the study

• Consider giving an overview of the paper.

• Keep it short.

HOW TO WRITE AN INTRODUCTION:

• There must be a compelling hook or intro (e.g. a powerful statement or declaration, a

fact or statistic, an intriguing question, a striking quotation or a simile/metaphor,
etc.)

• There must be a provable and specific thesis statement. Remember that a thesis
statement is a sentence that describes what you will prove or show in your research
paper.

Review of Related Literature

A number of related literature and studies were used in elaborating and

elucidating the concepts used in this study. These sources were treated as instrumental
in putting direction to the study like how they are conceptually and operationally defined
in this study and in other related studies. The texts cited were arranged based on how
the indicators are used in the study.

Serious Studies

Hatch )2014) described serious studies as a way of studying using the following:
coming to class on time, doing the required readings ahead, taking good lecture notes…
This manner of studying seriously points to the extent the respondents in this study
utilize and maximize their time, techniques or methods and content in studying.

Language Beliefs

Beliefs are mental acceptance or conviction that certain things are true or real.
These may be based on tradition, faith, experience, scientific research or some
combination of these (Fujiwara, 2012)…

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Study Habits

Study habit is the adopted way and manner a student plans his private readings,
after classroom learning so as to attain mastery and application of the subject which
involves hardwork (Mace, 2002). …

Afful-Broni and Hogrey (2010) said that good study habits could help improve
their academic performance. Fielden (2004) also confirmed this study saying that good
study habits help the students in critical reflection skills…

HOW TO WRITE A LITERATURE REVIEW

• Review APA guidelines.

• Decide on the topic.
• Identify key terms.
• Locate literature.
• Critically evaluate and select the literature.
• Organize the literature.
• Write a literature review

POSSIBLE SOURCES OF LITERATURE

• BOOKS: At most five years old from the year of publication with the exception of well-cited
references on educational theories, principles, methods, etc.
• JOURNALS: At most five years old from the year of publication and must come from a
legitimate source.
• ONLINE SOURCES: Elsevier (journals.elsevier.com);Wiley (onlinelibrary.wiley.com); Taylor
and Francis (tandfonline.com) Google Scholar (scholar.google.com)

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

This study is anchored on Horwitz’s theory of language anxiety and Krashen’s
theory of language acquisition. Horwitz (1986) and colleagues define language anxiety
as a distinct complex of self-perceptions, beliefs, feelings and behaviors linked to
classroom learning arising from the uniqueness of the language process….

Language acquisition theory was explained by Krashen (1985) in which he said

that the following variables play a facilitative role in language acquisition: motivation
(performers with high motivation generally do better in second language acquisition),
self-confidence (performers with self-confidence and a good self-image tend to do better
in second language acquisition), good self-image tend to do better in second language
acquisition), good self-image, and low level of anxiety (low anxiety appears to be
conducive to second language acquisition) are better equipped for success in language
learning acquisition. This specifically refers to the Affective Filter Hypothesis…

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK VS. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK:

A theoretical framework dwells on time tested theories that embody the

findings of numerous investigations on how phenomena occur. A conceptual
framework or the research paradigm, on the other hand, embodies the specific
direction by which the research will have to be undertaken. Statistically speaking,

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 the conceptual framework describes the relationship between specific variables
identified in the study. It also outlines the input, process and output of the whole
investigation.

Hypothesis

The following hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance.

HO1: There is no significant relationship between language beliefs and study
habits of Grade 10 students in English.
HO2: There is no significant relationship between language beliefs and academic
ratings of Grade 10 students in English.

HO3. Language beliefs and study habits do not significantly influence academic
ratings.

Statement of the Problem

This study explored the influence of language beliefs and study habits to
academic ratings of selected Grade 10 students in English. Specifically, this study
sought answers to the following questions:

1. What is the students’ level of language beliefs in terms of:

1.1. Foreign language aptitude;
1.2. Difficulty of language learning
1.3. Nature of language learning
1.4. Learning and communication strategies; and
1.5. Motivations and expectations?

2. What is the students’ level of study habits in terms of:

2.1 timing
2.2 contents; and
2.3 methods?

3. What is the level of academic ratings of student-respondents in English?

4. Is there a significant relationship between and among the dimensions of
language beliefs and academic ratings?
5. Between language beliefs and study habits, which significantly influence
academic rating?

Now that you have learned about the first chapter of the research report, it is
time to bear in mind the way of citing sources to avoid plagiarism.
Plagiarism occurs when ideas, information, and even pictures are used without
proper acknowledgment of the original sources. We will focus on in-text citations
following the APA format.

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 In order to provide due credit, a writer can use the APA format. The APA or the
American Psychological Association style is the most commonly used to cite sources
within the social sciences.

IN-TEXT CITATION
It is the brief form of the reference that you include in the body of your work. It gives
enough information to uniquely identify the source in your reference list. The brief form
usually consists of: family name of the author and year of publication.

1. Use the author-date system when integrating a summary or paraphrase. The

following are the ways to do it:
a. Running Text
According to Shane (2001), use of in-text citation shows
that the idea is not yours and that you acknowledge its
rightful source.

b. Within Parenthesis
The use of in-text citations shows that the idea is not yours
and that you acknowledge its rightful source (Shane, 2001).
Note that in the running text format, only the year of the
publication is found within the parenthesis. On the other
hand, both the author’s name and the year of the
publication are placed in the parenthesis for the other
format.

2. Shift to author-date-page number system when incorporating direct quotations:

According to Campbell, Ballou, and Slade (1990) “Direct quotation can be
a waste of time if you do not plan to use the quotations in the paper or if
you merely copy the information without understanding or digesting it”
(p.16).
The following words can be used to introduce questions: remarked,
advocated, maintained, mentioned, pointed out, reasoned, revealed.

REFERENCE
Your reference list should appear at the end of your paper. It should begin on a
new page separate from the text of the essay; label this page “References” centered at
the top of the page (do NOT boldface, underline, or use quotation marks for the title).
All texts, should be double-spaced just like the rest of your essay.

Basic Rules:

1. All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented
one-half inch from the left margin. This is called hanging indentation.
2. Author’s names are inverted (last name first); give the last name and initials for
all authors of a particular work for up to and including seven authors. If the work

12
 has more than seven authors, list the first six authors and then use ellipses after
the sixth author’s name. After the ellipses, list the last author’s name of the work.
3. Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author
of each work.
4. For multiple articles by the same author, or authors listed in the same order, list
the entries in chronological order, from earliest to most recent.
5. Present the journal title in full.
6. Maintain the punctuation and capitalization that is used by the journal in its
title.
For example: ReCALL that RECALL or Knowledge Management Research &
Practice not Knowledge Management Research and Practice.
7. Capitalize all major words in journal titles.
8. When referring to books, chapters, articles or web pages, capitalize only the first
letter of the first word of a title or subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash
in the title, and proper nouns. Do not capitalize the first letter of the second word
in a hyphenated compound word.
9. Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals.
10. Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter works such
as journal articles or essays in edited collections.

Basic Format for Books

Author, A.A. (Year of Publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle.
Location: Publisher

Note: For “Location,” you should always list the city and the state using the two
letter postal abbreviation without periods (New York, NY).

Calfee, R.C., & Valencia, R.R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for
journal publication. Washington, DC.: American Psychological Association.

Article in a Magazine

Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today’s schools. Time. 135,
28-31.

Article in a Newspaper

Unlike other periodicals, p. or pp. precedes page numbers for a newspaper reference
in APA style. Single pages take p., e.g., p. B2: multiple pages take pp., e.g., pp. B2,
B4 or pp. C1, C3-C4.

Schultz, S. (2005, December 28). Calls made to strengthen state energy policies.
The Country Today, pp. A, 2A.

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Review

Baumeister, R.F. (1993). Exposing the self-knowledge myth (Review of the book
The self-knower: A hero under control, by R.A. Wicklund & M. Eckert).
Contemporary Psychology, 38, 466-467.

Reference List: Electronic Sources (Web Publications)

Article from an Online Periodical

Online articles follow the same guidelines for printed articles. Include all the
information the online host makes available, including an issue number in
parentheses.

Author, A.A., & Author, B.B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of Online
Periodical, volume number (issue number if available). Retrieved from
http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/

Bernstein, M. (2002). 10 tips on writing the living Web. A List Apart: For People
Who Makes Websites, 149. Retrieved from
http://www.alistapart.com/articles/writeliving

Newspaper Article

Author, A.A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of Newspaper. Retrieved from
http://www.someaddress.com/full//url/
Parker-Pope, T. (2008, May 6). Psychiatry handbook linked to drug industry. The
New York Times. Retrieved from http://well.blogs.nytimes.com

Electronic Books

De Huff, E.W. (n.d.). Taytay’s tales. Traditional Pueblo Indian tales. Retrieved
from
http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/dehuff/taytay/taytay.html.

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 Let Us Practice
Activity 4 Reference Check

DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of the best answer.

______1. Choose the correct reference format for the following source that you
retrieved from an online journal:

Social Work and Research, 1995, Vol. 68(2), 127-137 SSN: 1948-CCX
DOI:10.1037/swr/127 . Students and the Problem of Entitlement . Jeffrey T. Swan
Dennard Q. Rail Mary N. Bushcombe

A. Swan, J. T., Rail, D. Q., & Bushcombe, M. N. (1995). Students and the problem
of entitlement. Social Work and Research, 68(2), 127-137.
B. J. T. Swan, D. Q. Rail, & M. N. Bushcombe. (1995). Students and the problem of
entitlement. Social Work and Research, 68(2), 127-137. ISSN: 1948-CCX
doi:10.1037/swr/127
C. Bushcombe, M. N., Rail, D. Q., & Swan, J. T. (1995). Students and the problem
of entitlement. Social Work Research, 68(2), 127-137. doi:10.1037/swr/127
D. Swan, J. T., Rail, D. Q., & Bushcombe, M. N. (1995). Students and the problem
of entitlement. Social Work and Research, 68(2), 127-137. doi:10.1037/swr/127

_____ 2. In APA, the abbreviation pp stands for

a. pen c. pages
b. page d. parenthesis

_____ 3. When you quote a book in your assignment, the in-text citation would be
a. author, book title c. author, paragraph number
b. author, volume number d. author, year, page number

_____ 4. In citing the electronic sources, the italicized entries are the
a. Title of the article
b. Name of the author
c. Date of publication
d. Title of the periodical or web page

5. Which of the following is excluded in the rules of referencing using the APA style?
a. Author’s names are inverted (with last name first).
b. Use the sentence case for books, chapters, articles or web pages.
c. Reference entries should be arranged according to year of publication.
d. Reference entries should be arranged alphabetically by the last name of the first
author of each work.

15
Activity 5 LET’S GET DOWN TO THE LIST:
Do you understand now how to do the referencing using the APA style? Let us check
how far you have understood about the format using the elements. Have fun!

DIRECTIONS: Rewrite the referencing style given below following the APA standard.
1. Goldberg, I. http://www.psycom.net/depression.central.html. Dr. Ivan’s
depression central. (2000).
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2. Towards an Australian environmental history [Speech audio recording]. Media

Services, Murdoch University. Bolton, G. C. (Speaker). (1975).
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

3. AIDS: The ultimate challenge. Kubler-Ross, E. (1993a). New York, NY: Collier
Books.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

4. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent

ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G.,
Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–
217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

5. According to Jones, "Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially
when it was their first time" (1998).
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

16
 Let Us Practice More

Writing the introduction is the first step in the research paper composition. Bear
in mind that the introduction provides an overview of the paper and it is where the
thesis statement of your research paper is first mentioned. Writing the introduction calls
for an extensive research of your chosen topic utilizing the proper referencing such as
the in-text citation. In this portion, you will have a drill in writing the introduction.

Activity 6 Let the Paper Begin!

DIRECTIONS: Decide on the relevant issue or research topic that you are going to work
on in your research. Then draft a three to five paragraph introduction in clean sheets of
paper. Include in your introduction relevant studies that will support your paper. Utilize
also the in-text citation. Refer to the sample research work below. Also, be guided with
the rubric for scoring.

RUBRIC FOR WRITING AN INTRODUCTION

AREAS FOR 10 7 5 3
EVALUATION Excellent Good Fair Needs
Improvement
INTRODUCTION The The The There is no
introduction introduction introduction clear
is engaging, states the states the introduction
states the main topic and main topic or main topic
main topic previews the but does not and the
and previews structure of adequately structure of
the structure the paper. preview the the paper is
of the paper. structure of missing.
the paper.

CITATION All cited Some cited Few cited No works

works, both works, both works, both cited.
text and text and visual text and
visual, are are done in the visual are
done in the correct format. done in the
correct Inconsistencies correct
format with are evident. format.
no errors.
MECHANICS No errors in Almost no Many errors Numerous
punctuation, errors in in and
capitalization punctuation, punctuation, distracting
and spelling capitalization capitalization errors in
and spelling. and spelling. punctuation,
capitalization
and spelling.
https://teach.ufl.edu>2016>07

17
SAMPLE INTRODUCTION:
RESEARCH TITLE: The Effect of Anxiety and Depression on College Students’ Academic
Performance: Exploring Social Support as Moderator

INTRODUCTION

Mental health issues affect many people across the country. These types of
challenges are not new and have been around for a long time. However, awareness of
these issues has increased in recent years. Approximately twenty percent of individuals
in the United States may have a mental illness that has been, or could be diagnosed
(Khubchandani, Brey, Kotecki, Kleinfelder & Anderson, 2016). Depression and anxiety
are the most common type of mental disorders, and comorbidity is also very common
with these two disorders. Many individuals with anxiety also h.ave depression and vice
versa. Anxiety and depression have been found to be more prevalent among college
students than the general population (American College Health Association, 2013,
Beiter, Nash, McCrady, Rhoades, Linscomb, Clarahan & Summut 2015; Holiday,
Anderson, Williams, Bird, Matloc, Aali & Suris, 2016). Many colleges and universities
have implemented counseling and/or programs on campus that are specifically
designed to help to combat and address the mental health issues of their students.
Save our Students (SOS) was created after seeing a need for more student
support at Abilene Christian University (ACU), a private, Christian university located in
Abilene, Texas. The program’s name was then changed to ‘Support our Students’ as a
more positive and approachable option for students. During a transition in leadership,
the program was renamed ‘Student Opportunities, Resources, and Advocacy’ or ‘SOAR’
in the summer of 2014. SOAR is a program that is designed to create an environment
where students can discuss any difficulties they are facing, receive social support, as
well as connect them with resources to help them to overcome them…
The direct impact of failing to address anxiety and depression can impact the
students academically, and other areas of their lives. SOAR is designed to provide a safe
environment for students to discuss these issues and direct them to appropriate
resources…
The purpose of this study is to explore how social support is related to the overall
well-being of college students. This study can be used to better inform SOAR
coordinators, but also may provide useful insight for faculty and staff at ACU and other
campuses to better serve their students experiencing anxiety and depression symptoms.

************************************************************************************************

18
 Let Us Remember

Did you do well in the previous activities? Now, remember the following key points
in a research report.

A. A research report can be qualitative or quantitative in form.

B. Identifying an issue or problem is the basic step in drafting a research report.
C. To avoid committing plagiarism, cite sources. You may use the American
Psychological Association or the APA format.
D. The introduction sets the overview of the paper.
E. The sources for the review of related literature can be books, journals or
online sources. It is advised that related literature is published at least five
years ago

Let Us Assess
Activity 6: LITERATURE BACK UP 101

DIRECTIONS: Using the research topic that you have chosen for the previous activity
(Activity 5), develop its Review of Related Literature in a separate sheet of paper. The
rubric below will be used for the scoring of your work.

RUBRIC FOR REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

CRITERIA 10 7 5
Excellent Good Poor
Problem Topic is clearly Presented the topic Did not give
Statement/Introduction defined and context and the research reference to the
for research need topic to be examined
provided
Coverage of Content Appropriate Major works Major works
resources examined included but not omitted; significance
and covered in covered in adequate to field not clear;
depth; significance depth; significance criteria for inclusion
of research critiqued of selected resources not presented
discussed
Clarity of Writing Writing is clear and Writing is clear but Ideas not clearly
concise; ideas are not concise; expressed;
well-developed and paragraph or misspellings,
coherent sentence structure incorrect grammar
receptive or and punctuation
awkward
Citations/References In-text citations Citations within text Works cited
were complete and were included with included resources
properly formatted some formatting not mentioned in the
in APA style problems report

19
POINTERS:
• Refer to the discussion on Review of Related Literature to be more guided in doing
your work.

• You may pattern your work with the sample literature from the study entitled: A
Quantitative Study on Effects of Living Away from Home to the Academic
Performance of Undergraduate Students

According to a study conducted by Jordyn & Byrd (2003), one of the crucial
points in a young adult’s life is when they leave their parents’ home. They face the
challenge of living independently on their own with minimal help from their family.
Recent studies have shown that living arrangements of young adults in a way affects
the different aspects of the personal development of the child. It is said that young
adults who do not reside from their home faces greater problems but they use a more
direct way of coping with the problems that they encounter. In a parallel study by
Goldscheider & DaVanzo (1985), living away from home separates these young adults
from their usual habit of day to day interaction with their family. Although the living
arrangements are limited to minimal communication and interaction between the child
and the family, still the bond between them exists. Children may not also achieve full
emotional and financial independence because in a way parental authority and
influence is still there.

Aside from the effects on the personal developments of young adults, there were
also some studies that focus on the effects of the living arrangements of undergraduate
students on their academic performance. López Turley and Wodtke’s (2010) study
showed that students who live on campus are more advantaged than those who lived
with their families. They showed better performance on their academic subjects and
other school activities thus they gain higher GPAs and become more active in school
compared with those who lived with their families. These students claimed that they
become more ambitious, independent and better prepared when they attend to
academic institutions that are away from their families. Most of them also said that
they were able to concentrate more on their studies when they are living alone. Walker
and Satterwhite (2002) looked into the role of a family to the academic performance of
African American and Caucasian college students. They found that though the families
of these students affect their performance in school, the effect is just small. Thus the
relationship that these students have with their families is not a significant factor in
determining their academic performance. This finding could be due to the independent
lifestyle that the Westerners practice. From the time they reached the legal age,
students in Western countries are expected to move out on their homes and live
independently; they are able to develop into well-adjusted individuals. They try to
support their own needs in order to survive without the help of their families. However,
family variables could have different effects on academic performance of students from
different racial ethnicity (Heiss, 1996). The researchers created this study to
accommodate the differences of Asian students, particularly undergraduate students
in the Philippines, from Western students. According to Watkins and Astilla (1980), the
Filipino society is very family-oriented. Filipinos value the concept of family so much
to the point that the family members get too attached with each other. It has been a
practice in the Philippine society that children would live with their parents until they
could already be fully independent and are able to establish a stable life. Filipino
youths’ independence cannot be predicted by their age rather, on the level of their
maturity. So as most college students in the Philippines are still dependent on their
parents, it is interesting to know the effect of their families on their academic
performance especially when students have to study away from their family. Given this,
the researchers will be examining how living away from one’s family could affect a
student when it comes to his or her academic performance…

SOURCE: https://ffaammiippoopp.wordpress.com/2014/04/02/a-quantitative-study-on-effects-of-living-
away-from-home-to-the-academic-performance-of-undergraduate-students/

20
 Let Us Enhance
Activity 7: In Keeping with the Standards

Directions. This time, in clean sheets of paper, you are going to draft the Chapter
One of your research paper following the scoring guide or rubric below. Your output for
Activity 5 &6 can be used for the completion of this task.

RESEARCH REPORT (Adapted from Rubistar.com)

Criteria 10 7 5 3
Excellent Proficient Developing Beginning
Catchy Exceptional Proficient introduction Basic Weak or no
Introduction introduction that that is interesting and introduction introduction
grabs interest of states the topic that states of topic
reader and states the topic but
the topic lacks interest
Credible Exceptionally Information relates to Information Information
researched the main relates to the has little or
Detailed and topic/thesis/objectives main topic, nothing to do
accurate Well-researched in detail few details with the
information and from a variety of and/or thesis
Information clearly sources examples are Information
relates to the thesis given has weak or
or the research Uses limited no connection
questions/objective resources to the thesis
Well- Exceptionally clear, Clear and logical order Somewhat Lacks
Organized logical, mature, and that supports the topic clear and development
thorough with good transitions logical of ideas with
development of the between and within development weak or no
topic with excellent paragraphs with basic transitions
transitions between transitions between and
and within between and within
paragraphs within paragraphs
paragraphs
Well-Written Control of Contains few spelling, Contains So many
grammar, usage, punctuation and several spelling,
and mechanics grammatical errors spelling, punctuation,
Almost entirely free punctuation, and
of spelling, and grammatical
punctuation, and grammatical errors that
grammatical errors errors that the paper
which detract cannot be
from the understood
paper’s
readability
References Sources are all Sources are properly Sources are No sources
(In-text properly cited cited with few errors. properly cited cited at all.
citations) following the APA with many
format. errors.

Let Us Reflect
Now, on a clean sheet of paper, elaborate the importance of research as 21st
century learner.

21
 22
Let Us Practice
Activity 4 Reference Check Activity 3 Loud and Clear
1. D 1. ×
2. C 2. √
3. D 3. ×
4. D 4. ×
5. C 5. √
6. ×
7. ×
8. ×
9. ×
10. ×
Let Us Study Let Us Try
Activity 2 Spot the Issue Activity 1 Scrambled at 360 Degrees
1. They were fighting for their 1. Abstract
future. 2. Results
2. The challenge was that to 3. Introduction
make their actions reflect 4. Appendix
their words. 5. Literature review
3. Answers vary. 6. Methodology
4. A. poverty 7. Discussion
B. animal extinction 8. Conclusion
C. depletion of the ozone layer 9. References
D. air pollution 10. Research
11. Theoretical
12. Conceptual
13. Hypothesis
14. In-text-Citation
15. Research problem
Answer Key
 References

Galvan, J. (2006). Writing literature reviews: a guide for students of the behavioral
sciences (3rd ed.). Glendale, CA: Pyrczak Publishing.

academicwritingsuccess.com/ thinkscience.co.jp

guides.lib.uoguelph.ca

libguides.usc.edu

How to Select a Research Topic | University of Michigan-Flint (umflint.edu)

https://digitalcommons.acu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1057&context=etd

https://ffaammiippoopp.wordpress.com/2014/04/02/a-quantitative-study-on-
effects-of-living-away-from-home-to-the-academic-performance-of-
undergraduate-students/

Tips for Writing an Effective Research Paper Title 4 Important Tips On Choosing a
Research Paper Title - Enago Academy

Tips for Writing Your Thesis Statement Creating a Thesis Statement, Thesis
Statement Tips // Purdue Writing Lab

Severn Suzuki – Telling the UN Earth Summit How It Is in 1992 - Cool Australia

23
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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Elpidio Quirino Ave., Poblacion District, Davao City, 8000 Davao del Sur

Telefax: (082) 224-3274, (082) 222-1672

E-mail Address: davao.city@deped.gov.ph