PHARMACOLOGY (TAKE DOWN NOTES)
 Pharmaceutics – break down of the capsule
* Pinocytosis – passive, active
 Kinetics – absorption, distribution,
metabolism, excretion
 Pharmacodynamics – action of drug on the
body
 Passive – diffusion (has high and low
concentration)
*blood cloth – example of diffusion,
high concentration
 Active – need enzymes, proteins
 Kinocytosis – inside the cell, cells carry the
drug into membrane
 Distribution – the drugs become available
to body fluid
*when blood decrease, the distribution
of blood will be delayed
 Metabolism – the body inactivates or
biotransform the drugs ; 12 hrs/ 6 hrs (half
life) until it eliminates
 Elimination – 4.5 – 8 normal urine PH
 Creatinine clearance – before giving toxic
drugs
Normal GFR – 90 above; increased
creatinine level in blood and urine
 Pharmacodynamics – study of the drugs
Drug response:
 Primary – desirable effect on
the patient
 Secondary effect – can be
desirable or not
 Chemical – composition of molecular
 Generic – lower case letters on drugs
packaging
 Trade name – capslock/ bold letter
NATURE OF DRUGS
 Sterile – disarranged molecule
 Enantiomers – mirror life/image
 Onset – minimum effect of drug
 Peak – maximum
 Duration of action – after observing onset
effect until least
 Half life (peak concentration) – withdraw
blood during peak time before
administering next dose
 1st dose – withdraw
 Through – withdraw before 2nd dose (?)
 Enteric – coated (dissolves at intestine,
should not crush the drug)
 Sustained – release
 Distribution of drugs – delayed
 Absorption – delayed if the patient is too
young or too old because of gastric
contents
 Dose adjustment – in pain
TO REVIEW!
1. Medications to prevent heat, cure –
pharmacotherapy
2. Effects of the body on the drugs –
pharmacokinetics
3. Known as undesirable effects – toxicology
4. Losartan, lowers bp – pharmacokinetics
5. Receptor – pharmacodynamics
6. Stomach ulcer, otc mefenamic acid –
pharmacokinetics
7. Oral has higher drugs – false
8. Infants drug metabolism does not happen
due to immature liver function – false
9. Actions of the drug on the body –
pharmacodynamics
10. Physical nature of drugs –
pharmacokinetics
11. Enantiomers – disarrange
12. Response is too small for clinical benefits –
minimum effect concentration
13. Drug with material design to dissolve in the
intestine – enteric coated preparation
14. Sublingual need – 30 mins, then re-assess
15. 3 existing vascular – placental, blood-brain
barriers,
16. Consideration – age, sex, nutritional status
17. Highest drug concentration – peak level
18. Withdraws blood sample – half life
19. Withdraw before next administration –
through
20. Adverse reaction – unexpected
21. Drug interaction – drug-drug, drug-
food/beverage, drug-condition interaction
22. The greater the agent, the lower the
concentration – false
23. Some drugs are eliminated without
undergoing metabolism – false
24. A drug maybe eliminated without
undergoing metabolism – false
25. Herbal produced are safer than medical
drugs – false
26. After taking long lasting insulin, the
patient’s blood pressure lowers after 20
mins – pharmacodynamics
27. Partial agonist have lower maximal – true
28. Drugs with zero order eliminations have
constant half life – false
29. Pharmacognosy is the study of drug made
from natural substances/sources – true
30. When a drug is distributed in the body, it
means that it has reached the tissues and
cells – true
31. About 12% - pharmacokinetics
32. Drugs can turned on the body’s
physiological functions – true
QUIZ 2
Enumeration: component required on all labels