JUNE 14LATEST FINALMicrocontrolled Based Automated Electrocoagulation For Wastewater Treatment FINAL9

MICROCONTROLLER-BASED AUTOMATED
ELECTROCOAGULATION SYSTEM FOR WASTEWATER

TREATMENT
A Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of
Information and Communications Technology Program
STI College Calamba
In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering
Josh Alan T. Lutero

Jaybee P. Pesquisa
Annielu Elyca D. Rosales
Kenn Philip N. Villarete
May 2022
ENDORSEMENT FORM FOR ORAL DEFENSE
TITLE OF RESEARCH: Microcontroller-Based Automated

Electrocoagulation System For Wastewater
Treatment
NAME OF DEVELOPERS: Josh Alan T. Lutero

Jaybee P. Pesquisa
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

for the degree Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering
has been examined and is recommended for Oral Defense.
ENDORSED BY:
Oliver A. Medina
Thesis Adviser
APPROVED FOR ORAL DEFENSE:
Jocelyn G. Llanderal
Thesis Coordinator
NOTED BY:
Jester Emann E. Peñaranda, MIT

Program Head
May 2022
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APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis titled: Microcontroller-Based Automated Electrocoagulation System For

Wastewater Treatment prepared and submitted by Josh Alan T. Lutero; Jaybee P.
Pesquisa; Annielu Elyca D. Rosales; and Kenn Philip N. Villarete, in partial fulfilment
of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering, has
been examined and is recommended for acceptance an approval.
Oliver A. Medina
Thesis Adviser
Accepted and approved by the Thesis Review Panel

in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering
Fe Dalangin Yedra, MAITE Jester Emann E. Peñaranda, MIT

Panel Member Panel Member
Dr. Richard John Brian D. Manzano

Lead Panelist
APPROVED:
Jocelyn G. Llanderal Jester Emann E. Peñaranda, MIT

Thesis Coordinator Program Head
May 2022
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are highly grateful to God, the Almighty, for blessing us with benefits during our
research endeavor, which enabled us to conclude the research.
We want to express our deepest gratitude to our thesis mentor, Engr. Dennis V. Mercado,
and Mr. Oliver A. Medina for enabling us to conduct research and for providing invaluable
assistance throughout this process. Their vitality, vision, sincerity, and commitment have
left an everlasting imprint on us. They instructed us on how to perform the study and
convey the results as clearly as possible. It was a great privilege to work and study under
his direction. We are grateful for what they have done for us. We would also want to thank
them for their professionalism, compassion, and amazing sense of humor.
We also want to thank Engr. Jose Carlos T. Gonzalez and Ms. Jocelyn G. Llanderal for the
genuine support in completing this thesis successfully. We are grateful for what they have
done for us. Furthermore, we wish them well in their dreams to pursue.
To Mr. Jester Emann E. Peñaranda, MIT, and Mrs. Fe Dalangin Yedra, MAITE, who
supported us and gave us feedback on our work that helped develop our study and research.
We appreciate the opinions and corrections we needed.
To our Thesis Review Panels, especially Dr. Ferdinand R. Bunag and Dr. Richard John
Brian D. Manzano, who approved our proposal and are crucial figures in completing this
work. We are grateful for seeing the project through our eyes and directing us to enhance
our research.
We are eternally thankful to our families for their love, prayers, concern, and sacrifices in
teaching and preparing us for the future. We are highly grateful to Pesquisa Family for their
understanding and ongoing support in completing this research project. They allowed us in
their house amid the pandemic to complete the prototype.
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ABSTRACT
Title of research: Microcontroller-Based Automated Electrocoagulation System

For Wastewater Treatment
Researchers: Annielu Elyca D. Rosales

Jaybee P. Pesquisa
Josh Alan T. Lutero
Degree: Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering
Date of Completion: May 2022
Key words: Electrocoagulation, Wastewater Treatment, Grey Water

Recycling, Natural Resources, Drinking Water
The fast rise in population, urbanization, and industry impairs water quality, particularly in
densely populated areas and areas of household activity. The discharge of household runoff
has severely polluted the receiving water bodies. This effluent includes raw sewage,
detergents, chemical compounds, oils, and even solid garbage. Each of these contaminants
has a distinct harmful impact on human life. Greywater is typically released untreated into
the environment in the Philippines since there are no effective and centralized sewage
facilities. Electrocoagulation (EC) is a popular wastewater treatment option that has been
widely explored for a wide range of wastewater types because of its versatility, ease of
setup, low footprint, and eco-friendliness. Having said that, the developers saw this is an
opportunity to develop a Microcontroller-Based Automated Electrocoagulation System For
Wastewater treatment with the use of an Arduino Mega 2560 as its micro-controller unit.
The developers used a Modified Waterfall Model which allows a return to a previous phase
for verification or validation, ideally confined to a connecting step to properly create this
thesis paper and the system prototype itself. The Microcontroller-Based Automated
Electrocoagulation System For Wastewater Treatment is intended to be scalable depending
on the type of infrastructure that want to utilize the proposed system. The system is
designed to run on 12VDC. A three-stage Water Filtration and six-stage Water Filtration
process will be responsible for transforming electrocoagulated water into significantly
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cleaner water, and it will be modular in design, allowing the user to change filters. A pretest
for the electrocoagulated water collected will be performed in a tank using a pH sensor, a
turbidity sensor, and a total dissolved solids sensor to ensure and classify the quality of the
water produced by the system into the first tank, Tank A, where electrocoagulation
occurred. The greywater input must be processed within 24 hours to avoid foul odors in
the collector tank, Tank A. The water output pumped into Tank B from Tank A will be
filtered through the three-stage Water Filtration process, six-stage Water Filtration, and will
go through UV Water Sterilizer to expose living organisms that ultraviolet light will prevent
bacteria from spreading disease through drinking water. The output water will be pumped
into the gallon. With sufficient care and maintenance of the system's filters and other
critical peripherals, the system can pay for itself over time. This paper is to make the reader
aware of the present situation, particularly in the Philippines, where greywater is often
released untreated into the environment to help always save water resources and in the
smallest steps feasible. The developers hope to provide readers of this article and other
electronics enthusiasts with a reference, a potential blueprint for developing a
Microcontroller-Based Automated Electrocoagulation System for Wastewater Treatment,
and to motivate them to continue working on this project.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page i
Endorsement Form for Proposal Defense ii
Approval Sheet iii
Acknowledgements iv
Abstract v
Table of Contents vii
List of Tables ix
List of Figures xi
List of Appendices xiii
Introduction 1
Background of the problem 2
Overview of the current state of the technology 4
Objectives of the study 5
Scope and limitations of the study 6
Literature Review 8
Review of related literature, studies or systems 8
Conceptual Framework 13
Synthesis 14
Microcontroller-Based Automated Electrocoagulation System for 17
Wastewater Treatment
Overview of the project 17
Modified Waterfall Model 17
System design specification 18
Hardware 19
Software 38
Block Diagram 38
Flowchart 39
Results and Discussions 41
Conclusions and Recommendations 47
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References 49
Appendices 51
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1 Benchmarking Table 12
2 Synthesis Table 16
3 20x4 LCD Display with I2C 19
4 pH Meter Sensor 20
5 Arduino Mega 2560 21
6 Turbidity Sensor Module SKU SEN0189 22
7 Aluminum Flat Bar 22
8 Analog TDS Sensor / Meter for Arduino 23
9 6L Gallon 24
10 Acrylic Tank 24
11 Blue PVC Pipes 25
12 Clear Flexible Tubing 25
13 DC 6-24V to 5V USB Output Step Down / Buck Module 26
14 Transformer 12V / 12A 27
15 Waterproof Junction Box 27
16 LED 5mm Diode Light 28
17 8-Channel Relay 29
18 Arduino Uno R3 29
19 Rocker Switch 30
20 Hose Clamp 30
21 Alligator Clips 31
22 Rubber Footing 31
23 Caster Wheel 32
24 Miniature Circuit Breaker with Box 33
25 Cooling Fan 33
26 12V DC Diaphragm Pump 34
27 Inlet Water Pipeline-Filter 34
28 Momentary Push Button 35
29 Faucet 35
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30 UV Water Sterilizer 36
31 Three-stage Water Filtration 37
32 Six-stage Water Filtration 37
33 Total Dissolved Solids Chart 43
34 Turbidity Chart 44
35 pH Chart 45
36 Gantt Chart 1 55
37 Gantt Chart 2 56
38 Design Project Thesis Cost 59
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1 Conceptual Framework 13
2 Modified Waterfall Model 17
3 20x4 LCD Display with I2C 19
4 pH Meter Sensor 19
5 Arduino Mega 2560 20
6 Turbidity Sensor Module SKU SEN0189 21
7 Aluminum Flat Bar 22
8 Analog TDS Sensor / Meter for Arduino 22
9 6L Gallon 23
10 Acrylic Tank 24
11 Blue PVC Pipes 24
12 Clear Flexible Tubing 25
13 DC 6-24V to 5V USB Output Step Down / Buck Module 25
14 Transformer 12V / 12A 26
15 Waterproof Junction Box 27
16 LED 5mm Diode Light 28
17 8-Channel Relay 28
18 Arduino Uno R3 29
19 Rocker Switch 30
20 Hose Clamp 30
21 Alligator Clips 31
22 Rubber Footing 31
23 Caster Wheel 32
24 Miniature Circuit Breaker with Box 32
25 Cooling Fan 33
26 12V DC Diaphragm Pump 33
27 Inlet Water Pipeline-Filter 34
28 Momentary Push Button 35
29 Faucet 35
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30 UV Water Sterilizer 36
31 Three-stage Water Filtration 36
32 Six-stage Water Filtration 37
33 Arduino IDE 38
34 Block Diagram 38
35 Flowchart 39
36 Architectural Design 53
37 Microbiological Test Results – April 1, 2022 77
40 Microbiological Test Results – May 14, 2022 80
41 Microbiological Test Results – May 16, 2022 81
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix Page
A. Architectural Design 52
B. Gantt chart of activities 54
C. Actual Thesis Expenses 57
D. User’s Manual 60
E. Source Code 65
F. Laboratory Result / Report 76
G. Adviser’s Acceptance Form 82
H. Revision List 84
I. Curriculum Vitae of Researchers 87
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INTRODUCTION
A person can survive without water for about 3-5 days. Up to 60% of the human adult body
is water, and the blood is 90% water. All living organisms need to access and consume
clean water. We use it in our daily lives for bathing, cooking, cleaning, drinking, etc. It is
used for washing, processing, cooling, or diluting a product for industrial purposes. There
are many usages of water; however, according to the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (DENR), 70% of the Philippines' available water of 160 billion cubic
meters per year is lost or wasted (Villanueva, 2018).
Domestic wastewater is caused as a result of human activities at home. Kitchen, shower,

washbasin, bathroom, and laundry wastewater has typically a grey color and a musty odor,
with a solids content of about 0.1 percent. Feces, food particles, toilet paper, grease, oil,
soap, salts, metals, detergents, sand, and grit to create the solid material. The solids can be
dissolved about 70% and suspended about 30% (The Hamburg University of Technology,
2019). Chemical and biological processes can precipitate dissolved solids. When
suspended solids are discharged into the receiving environment, they can form sludge
deposits and anaerobic conditions.
Water pollution is a significant problem and a factor in the water shortage in the country.
Agriculture covers 32% of the Philippines' landmass, or about 96,000 square kilometers,
according to the Water Environment Partnership in Asia (WEPA) (WEPA, 2018). In the
Philippines, population growth, urbanization, agriculture, and industrialization have
lowered water quality. According to WEPA, the impacts of water pollution cost the
Philippines $1.3 billion per year. The government continues to clean up the mess by
imposing fines on polluters and imposing environmental taxes, but many issues remain
unresolved. According to government monitoring data, coliform was found in up to 58
percent of the groundwater tested. Water-borne sources were responsible for about one-
third of the illnesses observed over five years (Marone, 2017). Many areas experience
water shortages during the dry season.
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An electrochemical procedure such as electrocoagulation is widely used in the treatment
of domestic water pollutants as it can eliminate a wide range of pollutants simultaneously.
Among them are refractory organics, colloidal particles, suspended particles, turbidity,
color, and even ions (heavy metals, nitrates, etc.). It incorporates a broad range of
remediation processes, including coagulation, precipitation, adsorption, and electro-
reduction and electro-oxidation.
There are many electrocoagulation devices are being used and available in the market here
in the Philippines. There are devices that are portable and a treatment reactor or treatment
plant in using the electrocoagulation process. It is currently used in cleaning the water in
food processing plants, fast food restaurants, Paint, Ink Manufacturing, malls and other
industries where the water is needed to be cleaned. The use of electrocoagulation devices
here will cost for about 800,000 pesos in cleaning the wastewater. The technology of the
electrocoagulation process that is currently being use consists of using sacrificial anodes
and then providing a active metal hydroxide that will act as a strong coagulant to destabilize
and separate the particles and then remove the particles by precipitation or adsorption. The
proposed project will supplement the current electrocoagulation devices by adding a real-
time monitoring by using the sensors and adding a filtering device so that the water can be
potable.
Background of the problem
Water is a necessity in our lives. Water is commonly used for drinking and cooking. Having
safe and clean drinking water is a must in a household. Total dissolved solids, color, arsenic,
copper, cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel, boron, and zinc were all tested in household
wastewater. There are times that people combine water with chemicals or dirt, which
makes the water polluted and contaminated. Bacteria, viruses, parasites, fertilizers,
pesticides, pharmaceutical products, nitrates, phosphates, plastics, feces, and even
radioactive substances are among the most common water contaminants. Because these
compounds do not necessarily affect the color of the water, they are frequently undetectable
pollutants (IBERDOLA, 2022). This contaminated water becomes a waste, affecting the

supply of clean drinking water in the country. It can lessen the access of Filipinos to high-
quality water sources. According to the World Health Organization, 1 out of 10 people in
the country still does not have access to high-quality water sources (Manriquez, 2020).
Another thing to note is that water pollution is one problem that greatly affects the supply
of clean drinking water in our country. The improper disposal of garbage and chemicals
that are dumped can contaminate the water, making the water undrinkable. Inadequate
sewage collection and treatment are sources of water pollution. According to the United
Nations, more than 80% of worldwide wastewater goes back to the environment without
being treated or reused. (Solar Impulse Foundation, 2021). If these problems continue, the
Filipinos will still have difficulties gaining access to clean drinking water, and water-borne
diseases will continue to affect many.
1. How to develop a module that can eliminate pollutants and cleans the contaminated
water?
Tons of water is discarded out in the kitchen as the water is contaminated with dirt and
chemicals which certain pollutants are visible. The water that is being discarded can be
considered a big waste for the community because the water can still be cleaned and can
be used for other purposes.
2. How to develop a module that will avoid using chemicals for treating the water?
Using chemicals in treating the water can be expensive. It also limits the use of treated
water, like for drinking and cooking, because it can be potentially hazardous for human
consumption because of the chemicals.
3. How to develop a module that utilizes the wastewater that can provide a drinkable
source of water?
The primary source that pollutes the water is insufficient treated domestic wastewater,
which carries used water from houses due to household activities, reducing the available
water that can be utilized to drinkable water.

Overview of the current state of the technology
Freshwater is a limited resource that is required for agriculture, industry, and even human
survival. Sustainable development will be impossible without proper quantities and quality
of freshwater. Water contamination and excessive use of freshwater endanger development
initiatives and necessitate water treatment to create safe drinking water. Some of today's
significant sources of water quality degradation include hazardous chemical discharge,
over-pumping of aquifers, long-distance air transfer of pollutants, and poisoning of water
bodies with agents that encourage algae growth.
A wide range of water quality tests is used to help determine how safe, or even drinkable,
water is to be used in a household setting or otherwise that water test labs perform. Water
filtration is removing or reducing the concentration of particulate matter, including
suspended particles, parasites, bacteria, algae, viruses, and fungi. As well as other
undesirable chemical and biological contaminants from contaminated water produce safe
and clean water for a specific purpose, such as drinking, medical, and pharmaceutical
applications. The filtration systems for drinking water usually incorporate a five-stage
filtration process: sediment, mechanical, chemical, mineral, and bacterial (Mao, 2017).
1. Coagulation and Flocculation
Coagulation and flocculation are frequently the initial processes in the treatment of water.
Positively charged chemicals are introduced to the water. The positive charge of these
compounds cancels out the negative charge of dirt and other dissolved particles in water.
When this happens, the particles interact with the chemicals and combine to create bigger
particles known as floc.
2. Sedimentation
During sedimentation, floc settles to the bottom of the water supply, due to its weight. This
settling process is called sedimentation.

3. Filtration
Once the floc has descended to the bottom of the water supply, the clear water on top will
be filtered using filters of various compositions (sand, gravel, and charcoal) and pore sizes
to remove any remaining dissolved particles such as dust, parasites, bacteria, viruses, and
pollutants.
4. Disinfection
A disinfectant is added after the water has been filtered (for example, chlorine and
chloramine). It may be added to kill any lingering parasites, bacteria, or viruses and protect
the water from pathogens before it is piped to homes and businesses.
Objectives of the study
The general objectives of the proposed project are to aim to develop and implement a
Microcontroller-based Automated Electrocoagulation System for wastewater treatment
that can treat the wastewater by using electrocoagulation, which uses electric current and
treating it without chemicals. The proposed project will help the user to still reuse the
wastewater by treating it without such chemicals.
Specific Objectives
1. Develop a module that can eliminate pollutants and cleans the contaminated
water.
- The developers will develop a module that removes contaminants in the water
using an electrocoagulation process where pollutants can be eliminated. It can
also treat a range of contaminants by electrolytically oxidizing a sacrificial
anode to release metal ions that form coagulants, destabilizing contaminants,
and breaking emulsions.

2. Develop a module that will avoid using chemicals for treating the water.
- The developers will develop a module that uses a high-frequency current
approach for water treatment, which employs an anode and a cathode driven
by a DC power source to destabilize the charges, allowing the flocculated
materials to be evacuated and leaving pure water.
3. Develop a module that utilizes the wastewater, which can provide a drinkable
source of water.
- The developers will develop a module that will utilize the wastewater that uses
electrocoagulation to provide a drinkable source of water, where after
electrocoagulation, there will be a water purification process to make drinkable
water.
Scope and limitations of the study
Scope
The Microcontroller-Based Automated Electrocoagulation for Wastewater Treatment is

primarily focused on cleaning and filtering the wastewater through an Automated
Electrocoagulation that is controlled by the microcontroller. It is designed specifically for
household usage, which is in the kitchen area however, it must be scalable in accordance
with the kind of infrastructure that want to use the proposed system. A household's water
supply will come from the city's water pipes, which are linked to the house. The house is
then supplied with clean water, which is primarily used for primary water uses such as the
sink, dishwashing, shower, and laundry. Kitchen wastewater produced will go into the first
tank and will be processed by electrocoagulation and series of filters within less than an
hour or else the first tank must be cleaned and emptied to receive a new batch of kitchen
wastewater. Before processing the collected kitchen wastewater, it will be transferred to
the first tank which the device will notify the user if the tank is full (5 liters) and if the
process is finished. The device will use 2 LEDs (red and green) to indicate that the tank is

complete, and the process is finished. The water must first pass-through electrocoagulation
which is the first tank that will remove total suspended solids, heavy metals, emulsified
oils, bacteria, and other contaminants from the water that will turn into sludge. The
electrocoagulation will run for half an hour then the treated water will be transferred into
the first gallon by the pump. The treated water will rest in the first gallon for 3 minutes
then it will go through into the series of filters with UV water sterilizer. After going through
the series of filters and UV water sterilizer it will be transferred in to the third gallon which
will be the final output water that will be tested by pH sensor, Turbidity sensor, and Total
Dissolved Solids sensor to indicate if the water is potable. The device will indicate to the
user if the treated water is safe to consume or not which will show in the LCD. If the water
is not safe to consume, it can still be used in other places which can still be reused by
cleaning, watering the plants, and/or every manner of reusing the water.
Limitations
The prototype cannot clean the chemically treated water such as Arsenic. It is incapable of
cleaning chemically treated water containing arsenic (As). There has been finite research
on advanced electrocoagulation (EC) techniques for as removal. The prototype cannot be
filled with 5 liters of dirty water above. The developed project is limited to carrying and
electrocoagulating 5 liters of water at the same time. The prototype cannot clean and filter
chemical cleaning agent to drinkable water. It is incapable of cleaning and filtering
chemical cleaning agents into drinking water. To become potable, the device can only filter
kitchen wastewater without the use of cleaning chemicals. The device is not capable of
recycling and/or reusing wastewater contained with blackwater. It is unable of recycling or
reusing blackwater-containing wastewater. Due to various pathogens and grease pollution,
blackwater from bathrooms and toilets contains fecal matter and urine. The device will be
severely polluted that it will require frequent filter changes and extensive cleaning of the
tank and liters.

LITERATURE REVIEW
Review of related literature, studies, or systems
Foreign
Automated Water Tank Filtration System Using LDR System
In this study, we describe the development of an automated water tank filtration system
and the study on water turbidity using a light-dependent resistor (LDR) as the sensing unit.
The system comprises a microcontroller (Arduino Uno), a micropump, a sensing unit, and
a water filter. The primary objective of this study is the ability of the LDR sensing unit to
detect water changes and define the turbidity value of the water. This paper also described
how the microcontroller controls the filtration system. Experiments on water turbidity were
conducted under two conditions, undisturbed flow and continuous flow, which will affect
the measurements of the LDR. Results show that the LDR readings in the continuous flow
require more time between reading so that the turbidity value can be consistent. Results
show that the LDR sensing, together with the microcontroller, can create a system capable
of measuring water turbidity not only for water tanks but also for other water resources,
e.g., rivers, lakes, treatment plants, etc. Implementing an automated water filtration system
can potentially help consumers monitor their water tanks and can be included in the smart
home system (Ibrahim, Hakim, Asnawi, & Malik, 2018).
The proposed project and the related study aim to use a microcontroller to create a water
filtration system.
IOT Based Water Quality Control And Filtration System
Water is the basic and essential resource required for every need, such as agriculture,
industrial activity, and domestic purpose. Especially in the industrial areas, although many
water monitoring systems were planted, the wastewater disposal is minimally controlled.
This project helps to monitor water at the industrial level, but it can be used anywhere water

quality plays a major role. The water quality is continuously monitored with the help of
sensors (PH, Temperature, Turbidity, conductivity, water level indicator). It also indicates
the water's level and checks the water's quality with the help of the valve control system,
and it sends the water with impurities for the filtration system. The IoT system completely
controls the entire system, and the module continuously monitors it (Kumar, Gouthem,
Srithar, & Prakash, 2021).
The proposed project and the related study aim to make a filtration system to treat
wastewater and monitor the water quality, such as pH and temperature.
Potentiality Of Magnetic Filtration On Wastewater Treatment With Flyash Media
Water is the amongst the most valuable resources for the Survival of life is on the verge of
depletion; hence various treatment processes to treat wastewater are being researched.
About waste, another solid waste comes into the picture, which is available in abundance
and easily accessible, i.e., “FLY ASH.” Much research has been done to utilize fly ash to
remove heavy metals like Arsenic, Cadmium, Nickle, etc., for the past years. This study is
based on the idea of utilization of the magnetic property of the Nano iron particles present
in the fly ash and the adsorption capacity of the carbon particles present in the fly ash. The
magnetic property harnessed using magnetic filtration led to a decrease in the settlement
time of the sludge to 35 seconds in 1000ml of wastewater with a fly ash concentration of
12 g/l. Turbidity removal was 95% in most cases at variable settlement time. The
wastewater used for the experiment/study was obtained from an Educational University in
Gandhinagar, having various organic and inorganic contents. This sewage water initially
had over-range turbidity, which was reduced to a limit of 50 to 100 NTU by the Fly ash
treatment process-induced with magnetic filtration. An atomic spectrometric test for Fe+
ions was done and the result obtained has a slight decrease in the Fe+ concentration in the
treated water. The whole treatment process is done by the adopted method, leading to a
vast decrease in the time for treatment compared with the standard adopted process for the
treatment of sewage water at the university treatment plant (Singh, Barman, S, & Kandya,
2019).

The proposed project and the related study both aim to treat wastewater.
Local
Technosocial Feasibility Analysis Of Solar-Powered UV-LED Water Treatment

System In A Remote Island Of Guimaras, Philippines
In Panobolon Island, Central Philippines, the technical and social feasibility of employing
a solar-powered ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) module for a microbial water
treatment system was examined. A laboratory-scale prototype and water point source
sampling in nine Panobolon Island deep wells were used to investigate technical feasibility.
On the other hand, social feasibility was evaluated using survey responses from island
people. The results showed that (1) controlled solar power is a viable alternative power
source for UV-LED equipment, (2) all water point sources tested on Panobolon island were
positive for Escherichia coli contamination, and (3) the suggested system is socially
acceptable by the locals. Consequently, it is feasible to conclude that the proposed solar-
powered UV-LED microbial water treatment system is a viable solution for improving the
quality of the drinking water consumed by residents (Larroder & Oguma, 2019).
The proposed project and the related study both aim to treat water to improve the quality
of drinking water.
A Ceramic Water Filter formed by Starch Consolidation

The starch consolidation process is used for ceramic slurries, which is a well-studied
approach for improving filling inside the mold cavity during casting. This investigation
was used in the study to optimize the proportion of continuous holes within the filter body.
The effect of adding varying quantities of starch on the production of a viscous ceramic
slurry was examined (non-coated consolidated filter with 30 percent starch, non-coated
consolidated filter with 35 percent starch, coated consolidated filter with 35wt percent
starch, non-coated consolidated filter with 40 percent starch, coated consolidated filter 40
percent starch). These treatments were tested specifically for filtering performance

by comparing their pH, turbidity, average flow rate, and microbiological analyses. The
apparent porosity of the consolidated ceramic filters ranged from 52% to 54%, depending
on the starch level of the ceramic slurry. Among the many starch concentrations tested, it
was discovered that the filter created with 30% starch was the only treatment that passed
the microbiological examination. As a result, it efficiently filters germs and meets the
criteria for potable water appropriate for drinking. It also has a normal flow rate of 2-3
liters per hour. The ceramic slurry becomes more viscous as the percentage of starch climbs
to around 40%. Each produced ceramic filter is projected to be non-expensive and superior
to its commercial equivalent in size, mobility, and filtration performance (Roselle Mae M.
Menchavez, 2019).
The proposed project and the related study both aim to filter water.
Text Message Interpretation and Filtration System Using GSM-SMS Technology
Two prime objectives of this research work are: first, to develop a text message service that
will collect text messages, interpret, and filter out the unwanted texts with easy to manage
web interface collecting various feedbacks and questions sent from various stakeholders
via SMS and secondly, to test certain commands of MSDOS sent via SMS. We did not
focus too much on hardware components such as microcontrollers and sensors. GSM
modem was used for text message sending and receiving. Stakeholders can view SMS of
different types such as feedback, questions, informative, and general SMS in reports and
charts sent by them. In short, the system can be useful to educational institutes, especially
for distance learning education, and provides an effective way of sorting, filtering,
extracting, and reporting text message data received from different stakeholders (DSpace
Repository, 2019).
The proposed project and the related study both aim to create a filtration system.

Benchmarking
Table 1. Benchmarking Table
Innovation
The filtration system has been changing through and with technology. The way of filtration
has its own kind of functionality where it can be used with a certain technology such as

GSM Technology, IoT Based, and such. The proposed project creates a filtration system
through electrocoagulation, which process traditionally utilizes an anode and a cathode,
stimulated by a DC power source to destabilize the charges. This operation separates
flocculated materials from water, allowing those materials to be removed, leaving clear
water where it can treat both process and wastewater treats a wide range of contaminants.
After electrocoagulation, it will pass through water filtration, where the water can be
purified so it can be safe and clean drinking water.
Conceptual Framework
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

• Kitchen • Power Supply • Filtered Water
Wastewater generates • Sensor and LCD
electricity to the that tells that
aluminum to start
user if the
the process of
electrocoagulation
filtered water is
. drinkable or not.
• The pump will
transfer the water
to the next tank to
separate the
sludge and the
liquid.
• Another pump
will transfer the
liquid to the filter
to clean and
sterilize.
• Filtered water is
transferred to the
last tank to check
the water quality
using sensors.
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

It explains the process of converting kitchen wastewater to drinkable or recyclable water.
The sensor and LCD will determine if the output water is drinkable or not.
Synthesis
Electrocoagulation (EC) has been reported in several papers as an effective method for
various contaminants. It is a popular wastewater treatment alternative that has been studied
extensively for a wide range of wastewater types due to its ability to treat wastewater
effectively at a lesser cost. Maximum removal was obtained after treatment. It has been
reported in several papers as an effective method for various contaminants. It destabilizes
suspended, dissolved, or emulsified pollutants by using an electric current. EC, compared
with other common methods, has advantages such as reducing energy consumption and
reducing operating costs. The treatment made use of iron electrodes, and pollutant removal
was monitored through time. Reduction of water hardness from domestic wastewater is
extremely important to prevent corrosion, scale and hard foam formation, clogging, a
decline in efficiency, and lathering of soap.
The prototype can filter domestic wastewater into drinking water. It is controlled with a
keypad to cancel, terminate, or stop and continue the process of filtration. The LED and
the speaker will turn on to alert the person if the water is full. The prototype allows the user
to control the desired amount of water to be treated and filtered. It can show the information
of the water level and pH level if it is in an abnormal condition.
Synthesis Table
Foreign Studies Similarities Differences

1. A review on industrial Treating wastewater to Wastewater from various
wastewater treatment via reduce the amount of industries.
electrocoagulation pollutants.
processes
2. Optimization of an Electrocoagulation in Flotation system in the

electrocoagulation- domestic wastewater. electrocoagulation.
flotation system for
domestic wastewater
treatment and reuse
3. Electrocoagulation Treating wastewater through Electrocoagulation

(EC) technology for electrocoagulation. technology for the treatment
wastewater treatment and of industrial wastewater.
pollutants removal
Local Studies Similarities Differences
1. Reduction of water Reducing water hardness It can be used for industrial

hardness from through electrocoagulation. consumption.
groundwater in Puerto
Princesa City, Palawan,
Philippines using
electrocoagulation
2. Ammonia, oil and Treating wastewater that Chemical oxygen demand of

grease, and COD have oil content through septage wastewater
reduction of septage electrocoagulation. treatment.
wastewater via
electrocoagulation using
black iron electrodes

3. Arsenic Removal by Treating contaminated Arsenic removal.
Advanced waters with
Electrocoagulation electrocoagulation process.
Processes: The Role of
Oxidants Generated and
Kinetic Modeling
Table 2. Synthesis Table

MICROCONTROLLER-BASED AUTOMATED ELECTROCOAGULATION
SYSTEM FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Overview of the project
Following the data analysis and collection period, the developers devised a set of goals that
must be met throughout the framework's evolution. The designers sought similar
examinations relevant to the topic and tailored them to the system. The application of those
linked findings resulted in a more comprehensive viewpoint on the optimal method to
develop the system. The developers put together all the elements, including hardware and
software, that are most suitable for the system project. With its ability to recycle domestic
wastewater and identify its water quality, the prototype will be able to accomplish the
above-listed general and specific objectives.
Modified Waterfall Model
Figure 2. Modified Waterfall Model
Planning the proposed project will start, and the developers will understand the possible
concepts and ideas needed and the process by which the project will perform well.
Analysis, the developers will examine the parts and requirements of the current device

used in the project and what is happening or the device's process and performance.
Knowing the overall function and process of the device will help the developers to know
the possible and needed enhancement that can add to the existing device.
Design the developers will design the project based on the analysis of the existing device,
and the project is user-friendly as it is easy to use in the future. As for a possible client, the
developers will accept suggestions from the client for comfortability.
Implementation, the developers will gather the needed information from the design and
planning and implement the required steps and suggestions to develop and create a device
that can be used and in working condition.
Testing the developers will investigate if any parts of the device are malfunctioning and
make sure that the device is working in mint condition.
Maintenance in this phase, the device is now being monitored to check if there is any sign
of errors and then fix it to provide a smooth flow of operation.
System design specification
It describes the technical requirements for the hardware and software created for the
purposes of hardware and software design, analysis, or programming to maintain and
further develop the hardware and software, including all derivatives that explains how a
system meets the standards given in the functional requirement which contains necessary
details on testing certain requirements, configuration settings, or a review of functionalities
or code, depending on the system.

Hardware
Figure 3. 20x4 LCD Display with I2C

LCD display capable of displaying data on any microcontroller-based project, such as the
Arduino. It is possible. The LCD Display Module communicates through an I2C interface.
Everything in programmable electronics is done using either 3.3V or 5V logic systems.
I2C Address: 0x20-0x27(0x20 default)

Number of Characters: 20 characters x 4 Lines
Supply voltage: 5V(via Pin) 3.3V(via IDC10)
Interface: I2C/TWI x1,IDC10 x2
View direction: Wide viewing angle
Dot size: 0.55 x 0.55 mm(0.02x0.02")
Dot pitch: 0.60 x 0.60 mm(0.023x0.023")
Character size: 2.96 x 4.75 mm(0.11x0.19")
Character pitch: 3.55 x 5.35 mm(0.14x0.21")
Size: 98x60x24mm(3.86x2.36x0.94")
Table 3. 20x4 LCD Display with I2C
Figure 4. pH Meter Sensor

A pH sensor measures the quantity of alkalinity and acidity in water and other liquids. They
can assure the safety and quality of processes that occur in a body of water or wastewater
treatment plants when utilized appropriately.
Module Power: 5.00V

Module Size : 43 x 32mm(1.69x1.26")
Measuring Range : 0 - 14PH
Measuring Temperature: 0 - 60 ℃
Accuracy : ± 0.1pH (25 ℃)
Response Time: ≤ 1min
Table 4. pH Meter Sensor
Figure 5. Arduino Mega 2560

The Arduino Board (ATMega 2560) is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega2560.
It has 54 digital input/output pins (of which 15 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog
inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a 23 USB connection,
a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It gives the projects plenty of room and
opportunities to maintain the simplicity and effectiveness of the Arduino platform. This
document explains how to connect the Mega2560 board to the computer and upload the
first sketch.
Microcontroller: ATmega2560
Operating Voltage 5V
Input Voltage (Recommended) 7-12V
Input Voltage (Limit) 6-20V

Digital I/O Pins 54 (of which 15 provide PWM output
Analog Input Pins 16
DC Current Per I/O Pin 20mA
DC Current For 3.3V Pin 50mA
Flash Memory 256 KB of which 8 KB used by bootloader
SRAM 8 KB
EEPROM 4 KB
Clock Speed 16 MHz
Led_Builtin 13
Length 101.52mm
Width 53.3mm
Weight 37g
Table 5. Arduino Mega 2560
Figure 6. Turbidity Sensor Module SKU SEN0189

Turbidity sensors detect the quantity of light scattered in water by suspended particulates.
Operating Voltage: 5V DC
Operating Current: 40mA (MAX)
Response Time: <500ms
Insulation Resistance: 100M (Min)
Output Method: Analog
Analog output: 0-4.5V
Digital Output: High/Low level signal

Operating Temperature: 5℃~90 ℃
Storage Temperature: -10℃~90℃
Weight: 30g
Adapter Dimensions: 38mm*28mm*10mm
Table 6. Turbidity Sensor Module SKU SEN0189
Figure 7. Aluminum Flat Bar

It is widely used in many industrial applications that require a strong, light, and easily
constructed material. It ranks second among metals in malleability and sixth in ductility.
Size: 10 inches
Material: Aluminum
Table 7. Aluminum Flat Bar
Figure 8. Analog TDS Sensor / Meter for Arduino

Analog TDS Sensor/Meter for Arduino is an Arduino-compatible TDS Meter Kit. TDS
meters can be used to monitor water quality in hydroponics and other sectors. Total

Dissolved Solids (TDS) measures the amount of soluble solids dissolved in one liter of
water.
Signal Transmitter Board

Input Voltage: 3.3 ~ 5.5V
Output Voatge: 0 ~ 2.3V
Working Current: 3 ~ 6mA
TDS Measurement Range: 0 ~ 1000ppm
TDS Measurement Accuracy: ± 10% F.S. (25 ℃)
Module Size: 42 * 32mm
Module Interface: PH2.0-3P
Electrode Interface: XH2.54-2P
TDS probe
Number of Needles: 2
Total Length: 83cm

Connection Interface: XH2.54-2P
Table 8. Analog TDS Sensor / Meter for Arduino
Figure 9. 6L Gallon
It is a water container that can be refilled. It is a food-grade plastic that is also long-lasting.
It has a capacity of 6 liters.
Size: 23 x 12 x 29
Material: Food Grade Plastic

Capacity: up to 6 Liters
Weight: 0.80 kg
Features: Light Weight
Color: Blue
Type: Small with Handle
Table 9. 6L Gallon
Figure 10. Acrylic Tank

Acrylic is a strong, lightweight plastic that is ideal for larger aquariums. Because they are
so light, they are easier to move.
Size: 7.5 x 7.5 x 10 in

Material: Acrylic
Color: Transparent
Table 10. Acrylic Tank
Figure 11. Blue PVC Pipes

Polybutylene pipe was a popular choice for plumbing since it was inexpensive and long-
lasting. It is frequently referred to as "big blue" because of the blue color of some pipes

because of their construction. The main pipe transports water to guarantee that it is safe
and potable.
Color: Blue
Material: PVC
Table 11. Blue PVC Pipes
Figure 12. Clear Flexible Tubing

Clear and colorful transparent tubing allows you to organize and see-through multiple tubes
at the same time. The use of a range of tube colors facilitates line tracing, which simplifies
line replacement and maintenance. The transparency of transparent PVC and Polyurethane
tubing also makes it easier to view the liquid inside the tubes.
Color: Green
Material: PVC and Polyurethane
Table 12. Clear Flexible Tubing
Figure 13. DC 6-24V to 5V USB Output Step Down / Buck Module

This step-down converter can handle power supplies ranging from 6V to 24V while
producing a steady 5V output via a USB connection. It has a conversion efficiency of 97.5

percent and a 3 amp output current. This module could be installed in autos for easy 5V
supply consumption.
Size: 26.4 x 15 x 7.4 mm

Module Properties: non-isolated buck module (BUCK) synchronous rectification
Inpt Voltage: DC 6-24V
Output Voltage: 5.1-5.2V
Output Current: 3A MA
Conversion Efficiency: can up to 97.5%
Switch Frequency: 500KHz
Output ripple: 10mV around (12V to 5V3A) 20M bandwidth
Output indicator: Output voltage indicator is red
Output temperature: Industrial grade (-40 ℃ to + 85 ℃)
Output over-voltage
Yes
protection:
Full load temperature: 30 ℃
Static Current: 0.85 mA
Load regulation: ± 1%
Voltage Regulation: ± 0.5%
Dynamic Response
5% 200uS
Speed:
Output short-circuit
Yes
protection:
Input Reverse Polarity
Yes
Protection:
Output Mode: USB
Table 13. DC 6-24V to 5V USB Output Step Down / Buck Module
Figure 14. Transformer 12V / 12A

In rectifier circuits, a center-tapped transformer, commonly known as a two phase three
wire transformer, is used. When working with alternating current mains, a transformer is
used to reduce the voltage to sub-millions of volts.
Type: Step-down Center tapped Transformer

Input Voltage: 220V AC at 50Hz
Output Voltage: 24V, 12V, or 0V
Output Current: 12A
Mount Type: Vertical
Features: Small Package
Table 14. Transformer 12V / 12A
Figure 15. Waterproof Junction Box

A junction box is an enclosure that houses one or more wire connections. The box protects
the connections, which generally include susceptible locations such as wire splices, from
weather conditions as well as inadvertent light and noise exposure.
Material: ABS Plastic

IP Rating: IP65
Dimensions: 150 x 150 x 70mm & 255 x 200 x 120 mm
Suitable for: Indoor and Outdoor
Operation Temperature: -40°C ~ 85°C
Amount of Ports: 8
Minimum cable diameter Ø: 4mm
Maximum cable diameter Ø: 26mm
Table 15. Waterproof Junction Box

Figure 16. LED 5mm Diode Light
A light-emitting diode (LED) produces light by passing a forward current across a
compound semiconductor's pn junction. Carriers (electrons and holes) travel when forward
current is passed through the light-emitting diode.
Resistance: Superior Weather

Size: 5mm
Features: UV Resistant Eproxy
Forward Current: 30mA
Forward Voltage: 1.8V to 2.4V
Reverse Voltage: 5V
Operating Temperature: -30℃ to +85℃
Storage Temperature: -40℃ to +100℃
Luminous Intensity: 20 mcd
Table 16. LED 5mm Diode Light
Figure 17. 8-Channel Relay

The 8-channel relay module has eight 5V relays as well as the accompanying switching
and isolating components, allowing for simple interaction with a microcontroller or sensor
with few components and connections. The circuit for each relay on the board is the same,
and the input ground is shared by all eight channels.
Supply Voltage: 3.75V to 6V

Trigger Current: 5mA

Current when relay is active: ~70mA (single), ~600mA (all eight)
Relay maximum contact
250VAC, 30VDC
voltage:
Relay Maximum Current: 10A
Table 17. 8-Channel Relay
Figure 18. Arduino Uno R3

The Arduino UNO is the ideal board for learning about electronics and coding. If this is
the first time fiddling with the platform, the UNO is the sturdiest board to begin with. The
Arduino UNO is the most popular and well-documented board in the Arduino family.
Microcontroller Atmega328p
Operating Voltage 5v
Input Voltage (Recommended) 7-12v
Input Voltage (Limit) 6-20v
Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide pwm output)
Pwm Digital I/O Pins 6
Analog Input Pins 6
Dc Current Per I/O Pin 20 Ma
Dc Current For 3.3v Pin 50 Ma
32 Kb (Atmega328p) of which 0.5 kb used by
Flash Memory
bootloader
Sram 2 Kb (Atmega328p)
Eeprom 1 Kb (Atmega328p)
Clock Speed 16 Mhz
Led_Builtin 13
Length 68.6 Mm
Width 53.4 Mm
Weight 25 G
Table 18. Arduino Uno R3

Figure 19. Rocker Switch
Because of its ease of use and dependability, a rocker switch is one of the most used types
of switches in the world. It's a toggle switch that swings back and forth like a see-saw.
Rocker switches are classified as single pole or double pole based on the number of circuits
controlled by the switch.
Contact Arrangement: SPST

Connection: Blade
Rating: 10A 250VAC
Panel Cut out: 11 x 28mm
Dimensions: 13 x 31 x 37mm
Table 19. Rocker Switch
Figure 20. Hose Clamp

A hose clamp is used to attach a hose over a fitting. By clamping the hose down, the fluid
in the hose is prevented from leaking at the connection.
Type: Band Clamps

Material: Stainless Steel
Table 20. Hose Clamp

Figure 21. Alligator Clips
Crocodile clips, sometimes known as alligator clips, are metal spring-loaded clips.
Crocodile clips are usually serrated with tiny teeth.
Wiring Method With Solder

Insulation PVC
Metal Component Material SPCC
Plating Nickel-plated
Operating Temperature Range -5°C to 50°C
Rated Voltage 125 VAC
Insulation Resistance 500 VDC / 100 MΩ or more
Withstand Voltage 1,000 VAC / min
Table 21. Alligator Clips
Figure 22. Rubber Footing

Rubber footing, often known as rubber tires, creates a gap between the ground and the
machinery, reducing vibration greatly.
Material: Plastic & Rubber

Size: 15mm & 12.5mm
Color: Black
Table 22. Rubber Footing

Figure 23. Caster Wheel
A caster is a two-part component that consists of a wheel and a mount. Casters help to
support and move carts, racks, dollies, and other equipment. Casters are available in a
variety of materials, wheel sizes, tread widths, weight ratings, and overall heights to
provide mobility for your equipment in a variety of work environments.
Material: Hard Plastic with Galvanized Metal Plate

Size: 2 inches
Color: Black
Table 23. Caster Wheel
Figure 24. Miniature Circuit Breaker with Box

MCB is an abbreviation for miniature circuit breaker. A MCB is a type of electrical switch
that is automatically regulated to safeguard an electrical circuit from damage caused by
excess current from overloading or short circuiting. MCB is an abbreviation for miniature
circuit breaker. A MCB is a type of electrical switch that is automatically regulated to

safeguard an electrical circuit from damage caused by excess current from overloading or
short circuiting.
Size: Miniature
Voltage: 400V
Hertz: 50/60 Hz
Amperage: 16 amp
Table 24. Miniature Circuit Breaker with Box
Figure 25. Cooling Fan

Fans are used to bring cooler air from the outside into the case, expel heated air from the
inside, and move air.
Size: 80mm
Voltage: 12V
Amperage: 0.13mA
Table 25. Cooling Fan
Figure 26. 12V DC Diaphragm Pump

Self-priming diaphragm pumps are good for thick liquids. Diaphragm pumps are used in
almost every significant industry. They are widely used to transport abrasive fluids such as
concrete, as well as acids and chemicals.
Largest Flow: 6L / Min

Pump Sunction: 1~2m
Pump Head: 70m
Protection Valve Type: Intelligent Valve (with pressure switch)
Voltage: 12V DC
Current: 6A
Power: 70W
Pressure: 0.90MPA (MAX 130PSI)
PH Value: 5 to 8
Temperature: 0-100℃
Inlet and Outlet Diameter: 10mm / 0.4 inch (Approx.)
Size: 16.5 x 10 x 6 cm
Table 26. 12V DC Diaphragm Pump
Figure 27. Inlet Water Pipeline-Filter
Suction hoses and pressure washer filters are attachments for pressure washer water input
systems that are used to clean the supply or to help in self priming.
Color: Black
Size: Plastic + Mesh
Material: 10 x 5 cm / 3.94 x 1.97 inches
Table 27. Inlet Water Pipeline-Filter

Figure 28. Momentary Push Button
Non-latching momentary push button switches induce a brief change in the state of an
electrical circuit only when the switch is physically pushed.
Contact Rating: 10A

Type: Momentary
Color: Green
Table 28. Momentary Push Button
Figure 29. Faucet

A device for drawing or controlling the flow of liquid, often from a pipe.
Material: Plastic
Color: White + Blue
Type: Faucet Switch
Table 29. Faucet

Figure 30. UV Water Sterilizer
The UV Water Sterilizer is effective at removing harmful microbiological contaminants in
the water. It uses a UV-C light to disinfect, and it is considered safe, chemical-free to treat
the water.
Power: 6W
Interface: 4-point external thread
Shell material: 304 stainless steel, alloy
Power Input: 220v-50Hz
6W flow rate: 0.1m³/h
Length of UV tube: 212mm
Quartz sleeve length: 240mm
Flow rate: 6w/0.5GPM (1.8 liters per minute)
Table 30. UV Water Sterilizer
Figure 31. Three-stage Water Filtration

The Three-stage Water Filtration will remove the substances like debris and powder to
reduce the discoloration of the water. It will reduce the organic chemicals and harmful

compounds found in the water to ensure that the water is safe to drink and get rid of the
contaminants that contributes the bad odors and poor taste in the water.
Production Rate: 0.25 Gallons per Second

Pressure Range: 0.03-0.6 MPa (4.3 psi – 87 psi)
Temperature Range: 40-100 °F or 4-37 °C
Dimension: 350*130*345mm (LxWxH)
PP Filter, Granular Activated Carbon, Activated
Filters:
Carbon Block
Table 31. Three-stage Water Filtration
Figure 32. Six-stage Water Filtration

The six-stage water filtration are designed to provide a supply of clean and fresh drinking
water. It removes chlorine, Odor, Organic Contaminants, Pesticides and Chemicals in the
water. It uses a Reverse Osmosis system where the water is pushed under pressure through
a number of smaller filters where it traps all the contaminants making the water clean.
Product Size: 300*130*300mm (LxWxH)

Filtration Accuracy: 0.01μm
Number of Filter Elements: 6
PP cotton filter, CTO activated carbon filter, KH
Filters: mineralized filter, UF ultrafiltration membrane, T33
rear activated carbon
Purified Water Flow: 120L/H
Applicable Water Temperature: 5-38 °C
Table 32. Six-stage Water Filtration

Software
Arduino
Figure 33. Arduino IDE

Arduino programs are written in the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE).
The Arduino programming language is based on a very simple hardware programming
language called processing. Processing is similar to the C language, but with a built-in
Arduino microcontroller instead of a programmer.
Block Diagram
Figure 34. Block Diagram

The block diagram of Microcontroller-Based Automated Electrocoagulation System For
Wastewater Treatment, in which the arrows link the modules, pumps, sensors, and other
components that will receive and transmit data signals into the Arduino microcontrollers,
and vice versa. The power supply would be 220V AC, which would be converted by a
transformer to 12V DC, which would then be reduced by a step-down module to 5V,
allowing the microcontrollers to work.
Flowchart
Figure 35. Flowchart

The flowchart describes the device's broad general procedure. To begin, pour the kitchen
wastewater into the tank before connecting in the gadget and turning on the circuit breaker
and power supply. The initial treatment step for the water is electrocoagulation, which will
last 30 minutes. Following electrocoagulation, the treated water will be run through a 10-
minute series of water filtration and UV Water Sterilizer. Following the completion of the

procedure, the LCD will display whether the water is drinkable. If another batch of
wastewater arrives, simply press the restart/reset button.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Introduction
In this chapter, the developers will conduct a series of experiments and tests to check if the
device and the modules are working properly and accurately and to determine if the results
are in line with the objectives of the project. The data gathered will then be evaluated and
verified to confirm the device's functionality. Any malfunction and errors that arise will
then be tackled and fixed continuously until the developers get the desired output. The
developers will run a series of tests to ensure that the device and modules are operating
correctly and accurately, and that the findings are in line with the project's objectives. The
developers will run a series of tests to ensure that the device and modules are operational.
The data obtained will then be examined and confirmed to certify the device's functioning.
Any malfunctions or faults that occur will then be addressed and rectified on a constant
basis until the developers achieve the intended output in a timely and accurate manner, as
well as to establish whether the results are in line with the project's objectives. ISO/IEC
25010 model is for hardware or software quality testing. The developers test and run the
device multiple times to guarantee that the device's flow of process works continuously
and properly.
Experimentation
The developers test and operate the device numerous times to ensure that the flow of the
process of the device works continuously and performs properly. Test procedures and trials
will be conducted to double-check the data and see if any changes occurred. The readings
of the sensors are done before and after the procedure.
Total Dissolved Solids Sensor
• It indicates the Total Dissolved Solids (amount of minerals, metals, organic

material, and salts) that are present in the water. It is directly associated with the
quality and purity of the water. Higher levels of Total Dissolved Solids can indicate
that water has more contaminants which pose health risks.

• The sensor gives an accurate reading that ranges from 0 to 2000 ppm. The sensor
gives an inaccurate reading when the first reading is put into dirty water and then
the second reading to clean water. The sensor will still display a high ppm and it
needs to be reset to give an accurate reading again.
• The results of the experimentation with the device:
Total Dissolved Solids Chart
Content Solution TDS Sensor Description

(pyuhgvtcpm or
parts per million)
1st 2nd
Reading Reading
Mineral Water 20.02 22.28 Excellent
Tap Water 300.21 289.93 Good
Rainwater 20.01 20.00 Excellent
5L Water + 5 ml Soy Sauce + 3ml Acrylic Paint 1356.21 1325.64 Bad

+ 1 tsp. Salt + 1 tbsp. Chocolate Powder
5L Water + ½ tsp. Milk + ½ tsp. Chocolate 311.05 308.45 Good

Powder + 1 tsp. Soy Sauce + ½ tsp. Sugar + !tsp.
Salt
5L Water + 1 tbsp. Zonrox + ½ tbsp. Downy + 906.87 980.53 Poor

1tsp. Detergent + 1 tsp Joy
5L Water + 2 tsp cooked rice + 1tsp greasy foods 348.77 315.07 Good
(such as adobo broth) + 2 tsp salt

5L Water + dead insects (such as cockroach and 2567.98 2351.83 Bad
ants) + leaves
Table 33. Total Dissolved Solids Chart
Turbidity Sensor
• It determines the clarity of the water. The higher the Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
is, the higher the water's turbidity level (Murkiness or cloudiness) is.
• The developer needs to test the device on different set of water because sometimes
it gives inaccurate readings
Turbidity Chart
Content Solution Turbidity Sensor Description

(NTU or
Nephelometric
Turbidity/
Voltage)
1st 2nd
Reading Reading
Mineral Water 4.03 4.01 Clear
Tap Water 3.95 3.93 Clear
Rainwater 3.56 3.25 Clear
5L Water + 5 ml Soy Sauce + 3ml Acrylic Paint 3.82 3.90 Clear


5L Water + ½ tsp. Milk + ½ tsp. Chocolate 3.68 3.64 Clear
Powder + 1 tsp. Soy Sauce + ½ tsp. Sugar + 1tsp.
Salt
5L Water + 1 tbsp. Zonrox + ½ tbsp. Downy + 3.89 4.00 Clear

5L Water + 2 tsp cooked rice + 1tsp greasy foods 4.87 3.55 Clear
5L Water + dead insects (such as cockroach and 3.99 3.52 Clear

ants) + leaves
Table 34. Turbidity Chart
pH Sensor
• It measures the amount of alkalinity and acidity in water, and it ensures the safety
and quality of the water.
• The sensor reads the output ranging from 1 to 14.
• To measure the pH of the water, there is a cap that can be used to scoop up the water
and then the cap is inserted back into the probe.
pH Chart
Content Solution pH Sensor (pH) Description
1st 2nd
Reading Reading
Mineral Water 7.40 7.42 Normal

Tap Water 6.82 6.79 Normal
Rainwater 5.6 6.6 Normal
5L Water + 5 ml Soy Sauce + 3ml Acrylic Paint 7.21 7.18 Normal

5L Water + ½ tsp. Milk + ½ tsp. Chocolate 7.50 7.44 Normal

Powder + 1 tsp. Soy Sauce + ½ tsp. Sugar + 1
tsp. Salt
5L Water + 1 tbsp. Zonrox + ½ tbsp. Downy + 8.22 8.12 Normal

5L Water + 2 tsp cooked rice + 1tsp greasy foods 7.49 6.99 Normal
5L Water + dead insects (such as cockroach and 8.95 8.65 Not Normal
ants) + leaves
Table 35. pH Chart
Testing Summary
The water is tested for microbiological water analysis, which is a method of assessing water
that allows for the recovery of microorganisms to identify them and calculates the number
of bacteria present. The plate count is the examination approach. The water had been
contaminated with the content solution 5L water + ½ tsp. milk + ½ tsp. chocolate powder
+ 1 tsp. soy sauce + ½ tsp. sugar + 1 tsp. salt. It is subjected to testing at Alpha Laboratory,
a Department of Health (DOH) authorized laboratory. As a result, the output water is not
drinkable (See Figure 38. Microbiological Test Results – April 1, 2022).
Electrocoagulation, a three-stage water filtration, and a UV water sterilizer have all been
used to treat the contaminated water. When the laboratory test failed, additional protection

is placed to water containers such as tanks and gallons. The first tank features a cover/lid
to guarantee that no unwanted particles are present in the water throughout the
electrocoagulation process. The second tank has been upgraded to a gallon that is food
grade and ideal for storing drinking water. After successfully verifying the security of the
containers, the water is contaminated using a content solution of 5L water + ½ tsp. milk +
½ tsp. chocolate powder + 1 tsp. soy sauce + ½ tsp. sugar + 1 tsp. salt. As an outcome in
the laboratory result, the output water is drinkable (See Figure 39. Microbiological Test
Results – April 22, 2022). The water has been treated with electrocoagulation, three-stage
water filtration, and a UV water sterilizer. The design is improved further, and the water is
tested once more to confirm its quality. The six-stage water filter was added to guarantee
that the bacteria detected in the initial test were minimized, hence improving the water
quality. The water is contaminated using a content solution of 5L water + ½ tsp. milk + ½
tsp. chocolate powder + 1 tsp. soy sauce + ½ tsp. sugar + 1 tsp. salt. As an outcome in the
laboratory result, the water is safe to drink (See Figure 40. Microbiological Test Results –
April 30, 2022). The water has been treated with electrocoagulation, three-stage water
filtration, six-stage water filtration, and a UV water sterilizer. Following that, improving
the design, and including additional water filtering. The water is contaminated once more
with a new content solution of 5L Water + 2 tsp cooked rice + 1tsp greasy foods (such as
adobo broth) + 2 tsp salt. As a result, in the laboratory, the water is safe to drink (See
Figure 41. Microbiological Test Results – May 14, 2022). Electrocoagulation, three-stage
water filtration, six-stage water filtration, and UV water sterilization have all been applied
to the water. To further the experiment, the water is contaminated with a different content
solution of 5L Water + dead insects (such as cockroach and ants) + leaves. The water is no
longer drinkable as a result in the laboratory (See Figure 42. Microbiological Test Results
– May 16, 2022). The water run-through the electrocoagulation, three-stage water filtration,
six-stage water filtration, and UV water sterilization.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusions
The developers conclude that the device is working as intended and meets the objectives
of the study. The main objective is to make the wastewater drinkable by cleaning it without
using any chemicals and filtering the debris and other contaminants that can make the water
not safe to drink. Using a series of sensors and tests, the developers analyzed and
determined that the device can clean and filter any kind of mixture, but not all those
mixtures can become drinkable for varied reasons. For example, it is tested with the content
solution that is 5 liters of water mixed with dead insects and leaves which dead insects such
as cockroach in the water has the risk of listeriosis, a bacterial infection that is more
common in those with compromised immune systems which diarrhea, fever, and muscular
pains are among the symptoms. Salmonellosis is a bacterial illness that causes vomiting,
fever, and diarrhea however the contaminated water that has gone through the process with
the device can still be reusable such as for cleaning and/or watering the plants. The device
runs from 40 minutes to complete its whole process. The developers have concluded that
the device will contribute to the water shortage problem and provide a reliable source of
clean water that can be drinkable to the people.
Recommendations
The developers recommend to future researchers interested in this study that there are
possible improvements that can be added to the device and features to be added to enhance
the capability and functionality of the device. The developers suggest considering changing
or adding the following to the device:
1. Future researchers may use a different type of power source and experiment if it
can speed up the process of electrocoagulation.
2. Consider adding more stages of filtration so that the device can clean more kinds
of mixture.

3. The system may use uninterruptible power supply to keep it running for at least
short time when incoming power is interrupted.
4. The device can have a back-up power so that when there is power failure, the system
can be backed up and the interruption will be minimal.

REFERENCES
Circuit Rocks. (2018). Retrieved from circuit.rocks: https://circuit.rocks/lcd-display-

module-i2c-20x4-
arduino.html#:~:text=This%20LCD%20Display%20Module%20uses,characters%
20on%20a%20blue%20background
DFRobot. (2018). Retrieved from DFRobot:

https://wiki.dfrobot.com/Turbidity_sensor_SKU__SEN0189#target_3
DFRobot. (2019). Retrieved from DFRobot: https://www.dfrobot.com/product-1662.html
DSpace Repository. (2019). Retrieved from itr.iub.edu.pk:

http://itr.iub.edu.pk:8000/xmlui/handle/123456789/188
IBERDOLA. (2022). Retrieved from IBERDOLA:

https://www.iberdrola.com/sustainability/water-pollution
Ibrahim, S. N., Hakim, M. L., Asnawi, A., & Malik, N. (2018). IEEE Xplore. Retrieved
from IEEEXplore: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7808309
Kumar, G. M., Gouthem, S., Srithar, A., & Prakash, V. S. (2021, February).
ResearchGate. Retrieved from ResearchGate:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349595501_IOT_based_water_quality_
control_and_filteration_system
Larroder, A., & Oguma, K. (2019, July). ResearchGate. Retrieved from ResearchGate:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334375916_Technosocial_feasibility_an
alysis_of_solar-powered_UV-
LED_water_treatment_system_in_a_remote_island_of_Guimaras_Philippines
Manriquez, L. (2020, June 26). WHO. Retrieved from reliefweb:

https://reliefweb.int/report/philippines/philippines-new-water-sources-bring-new-
opportunities
Mao, N. (2017). Science Direct. Retrieved from sciencedirect:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemical-engineering/water-filtration
Marone, R. (2017). BORGEN Magazine. Retrieved from BORGEN Magazine:

https://www.borgenmagazine.com/water-pollution-in-the-
philippines/?fbclid=IwAR1HyU0ABhOxaHYeJqen9f4gIFhfkVvSGCFr2TGsWg
y3djuTBxm90mDf5OA
RobotShop. (2019). Retrieved from Robotshop:

https://www.robotshop.com/media/files/pdf/arduinomega2560datasheet.pdf

Roselle Mae M. Menchavez, J. M. (2019). Semantics Scholar. Retrieved from Semantics
Scholar: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-Ceramic-Water-Filter-formed-
by-Starch-Menchavez-Dugenio/cf460801f862338bbd82b1764d1ab5df486a3af0
Sensorex. (2019, September 9). Retrieved from Sensorex:

https://sensorex.com/2019/09/09/ph-sensors-need-to-know/
Singh, A., Barman, R., S, A. S., & Kandya, A. (2019, December). ResearchGate.
Retrieved from ResearchGate:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338230484_Potentiality_of_Magnetic_F
iltration_on_Wastewater_Treatment_with_Flyash_Media
Solar Impulse Foundation. (2021). Retrieved from solarimpulse:

https://solarimpulse.com/water-pollution-solutions#
The Hamburg University of Technology. (2019). Retrieved from The Hamburg University
of Technology: https://cgi.tu-
harburg.de/~awwweb/wbt/emwater/lessons/lesson_a1/lm_pg_1066.html?fbclid=I
wAR35ZssHZRDsY8Eg7e1YoTW6uJR1gq9jmXLRoa5K4aV9xFgV2zENRWkt
CgI#:~:text=Wastewater%20is%20the%20water%20which,and%20was%20histor
ically%20called%20sewage.&text=Physically%
Villanueva, R. (2018, March 23). Philstar. Retrieved from Philstar:

https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/03/23/789648/70-percent-water-phl-
wasted
WEPA. (2018). Retrieved from WEPA: http://www.wepa-

db.net/policies/state/philippines/overview.htm?fbclid=IwAR33enDrKU6_qtExdV
Lqx96IOc_m6x9uAjTwm-KOpgpVG0PqnJpsF4SpwBw

APPENDICES
APPENDIX A. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
Top View
Front View
Figure 36: Architectural Design

APPENDIX B. GANTT CHART OF ACTIVITIES
MONTH
FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY
ACTIVITY
W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4
Planning
Meeting with Adviser
Research Possible Topics
Planning Objectives
Data Gathering
Documentation
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Canvas of Materials (Online)
Buying of Materials
Developer’s Name Legends
Annielu Elyca D. Rosales Ongoing
Jaybee P. Pesquisa Finish
Josh Alan T. Lutero
Thesis Coordinator Jocelyn G. Llanderal
Thesis Adviser Oliver A. Medina
Table 36. Gantt Chart 1

MONTH JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY
ACTIVITY
Planning
Data Gathering
Documentation
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Canvassing of Parts
Parts Acquisition
Design
Assembly
Testing
Implementation
Laboratory Testing
Mock Defense
Final Defense
Developer’s Name Legends
Annielu Elyca D. Rosales Ongoing
Jaybee P. Pesquisa Finish
Josh Alan T. Lutero
Thesis Coordinator Jocelyn G. Llanderal
Thesis Adviser Oliver A. Medina
Table 37. Gantt Chart 2

APPENDIX C. ACTUAL THESIS EXPENSES
THESIS EXPENSES
Approximate Actual
Quantity Specifics
Cost Cost
1 20x4 LCD Display I2C ₱215.00 ₱249.75
1 pH Meter Sensor ₱1,605.00 ₱1,399.00
1 Arduino Mega 2560 ₱600.00 ₱598.75
1 Turbidity Sensor ₱612.00 ₱612.25
1 Analog TDS Sensor ₱490.00 ₱888.00
1 Aluminum Flat Bar (20ft) ₱400.00 ₱400.00
2 Acrylic Tank with Lid (7.5 x 7.5 x 10 in.) ₱650.00 ₱650.00
2 6L Water Gallon ₱74.00 ₱128.00

1 Three-stage Water Filtration module ₱1450.00 ₱1450.00
1 Transformer 12A 12V ₱1145.50 ₱1145.50

3 6L/Min High Pressure Diaphragm Water ₱1134.50 ₱1270.50
Pump
2 Blue PVC Pipes ₱80.00 ₱160.00
1 Clear Flexible Tubing ₱40.00 ₱80.00
3 DC 6-24V to 5V USB Output Step Down / ₱39.00 ₱117.00
Buck Module
2 Waterproof Juntion Box ₱520.00 ₱520.00
2 LED 5mm Diode Light ₱5.00 ₱5.00
1 Rocker Switch ₱25.00 ₱10.00
1 Hose Clamp ₱60.00 ₱35.00
2 Alligator Clips ₱20.00 ₱20.00
2 Rubber Footing ₱20.00 ₱20.00
4 Caster Wheel ₱200.00 ₱135.00
1 Miniature Circuit Breaker with Box ₱500.00 ₱270.00
1 Inlet Water Pipeline-Filter ₱155.00 ₱59.00

1 Momentary Push Button ₱59.00 ₱59.00

1 Faucet ₱15.00 ₱13.00
1 UV Water Sterilizer ₱1500.00 ₱1106.00
1 Six-stage Water Filtration Module ₱1800.00 ₱1350.00
Total Cost: 12750.75
Table 38. DESIGN PROJECT THESIS COST
Prepared by:
Annielu Elyca D. Rosales Jaybee P. Pesquisa
Josh Alan T. Lutero Kenn Philip N. Villarete
Noted by:
Berna Luz D. Rosales Perla P. Pesquisa
Allan D.G Lutero Almario Villarete
Approved by:
Oliver A. Medina Jocelyn G. Llanderal

APPENDIX D. USER’S MANUAL
MICROCONTROLLED BASED AUTOMATED ELECTROCOAGULATION
FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT USER MANUAL
Instructions on how to operate the Automated Electrocoagulation System
Before Turning on the system
1. Make sure the containers (tank and gallons) are clean.
2. Pour the kitchen wastewater into the 1st tank.
3. Close the lid after pouring the kitchen wastewater.
Turning on the system and starting the process
1. Clip the alligator clips in the aluminum bars each.
***CAUTION: Don’t clip the alligator clips on each other to avoid spark and
short circuit.
2. Plug in the cables for microcontrollers (Arduino Uno and Arduino Mega)
3. Plug in the device.
4. Turn on the circuit breaker.
5. Turn on the switch on the power supply.
6. If the LED in the 1st tank turns red, it means that the tank is inacceptable range of
water level (Maximum of 5 Liters) to start the process.
7. Wait for 40 minutes to an hour to finish the whole process.

8. The LCD will then display if the water in the last gallon is potable or not.
9. If there are another batch of kitchen wastewater, clean first the electrocoagulation
tank.
10. Push the restart/reset button to start another process.
11. When the process is done, turn off the switch.
Maintenance
Replacing or Cleaning the Filter
1. Unplug the device
2. Use a water filter wrench and carefully loosen up the canisters one by one.
3. After loosening up the canisters, proceed to unscrew and remove the canisters.
4. Drain the excess water that have accumulated below the canisters.
5. Carefully check each filter and change the filters, one by one.
6. Put the new filters inside the canister and put it back into their corresponding places
and make sure that the canister is sealed properly to prevent any leakage.
7. Put slightly hot water and baking soda to the electrocoagulation tank.
8. Turn on the device.
9. Start the process
10. After the whole process is done, turn off the device.
11. Clean all the containers.
12. After cleaning the containers put back all the containers.

Different types of filters and its filter life:
• PP Cotton Filter – Lasts for about 6 months. Service life is 3-6 months. Consider
replacing if the filter has dark visible discoloration.
• CTO Activated Carbon Filter – Service life is 6-8 months.
• Granular Activated Carbon Filter – Service life is 6-8 months.
• Block Activated Carbon Filter – Service life is 6-8 months.
• KH Mineralized Filter – Service life is 6-8 months.
• UF Ultrafiltration Member Filter – Service life is 12-24 months.
Cleaning the tank
1. Remove the two aluminum bars in the 1st tank. Remove the tank and the blue gallon
containers.
2. Wash the inside of the tank with antibacterial dishwashing soap and water. Same as
with the blue gallon containers.
3. Rinse the tank and blue gallon container thoroughly with clean water and let it dry
in a warm area.
Cleaning the Aluminum bar
1. Double check if the device is not plugged in.
2. Remove the two alligator clips that are connected to the aluminum bars.

3. Remove the two aluminum bars.
4. Wash the bar with dishwashing soap and water. Scrub it gently using a sponge to
remove the excess dirt and sludge.
5. Dry it completely and put it back to the 1st tank.

APPENDIX E. SOURCE CODE
pH Meter Sensor, Turbidity Sensor, and Analog TDS Sensor:
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
//TDS Sensor
#define TdsSensorPin A2
#define VREF 5.0
#define SCOUNT 30
int analogBuffer[SCOUNT];
int analogBufferTemp[SCOUNT];
int analogBufferIndex = 0,copyIndex = 0;
float averageVoltage = 0,tdsValue = 0,temperature = 25;
//pH Sensor
float calibration_value = 21.34;
int phval = 0;
unsigned long int avgval;
int buffer_arr[10],temp;
void setup()
{
//Turbidity Sensor
pinMode(A1, INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
//TDS Sensor
pinMode(TdsSensorPin, INPUT);
lcd.init();
lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.backlight();
}
void loop() {
//pH Sensor
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
{
buffer_arr[i]=analogRead(A0);
delay(30);
}
{
for(int j=i+1;j<10;j++)
{

if(buffer_arr[i]>buffer_arr[j])
{
temp=buffer_arr[i];
buffer_arr[i]=buffer_arr[j];
buffer_arr[j]=temp;
}
}
}
avgval=0;
avgval+=buffer_arr[i];
float volt=(float)avgval*5.0/1024/6;
float ph_act = -5.70 * volt + calibration_value;
//Turbidity Sensor
int sensorValue = analogRead(A1);
float voltage = sensorValue * (5.0 / 1024.0);
//TDS Sensor
static unsigned long analogSampleTimepoint = millis();

if(millis()-analogSampleTimepoint > 40U) //every 40 milliseconds,read the analog
value from the ADC
{
analogSampleTimepoint = millis();
analogBuffer[analogBufferIndex] = analogRead(TdsSensorPin); //read the analog
value and store into the buffer
analogBufferIndex++;
if(analogBufferIndex == SCOUNT)
analogBufferIndex = 0;
}
static unsigned long printTimepoint = millis();
if(millis()-printTimepoint > 800U)
{
printTimepoint = millis();
for(copyIndex=0;copyIndex<SCOUNT;copyIndex++)
analogBufferTemp[copyIndex]= analogBuffer[copyIndex];
averageVoltage = getMedianNum(analogBufferTemp,SCOUNT) * (float)VREF /
1024.0; // read the analog value more stable by the median filtering algorithm, and
convert to voltage value
float compensationCoefficient=1.0+0.02*(temperature-25.0); //temperature
compensation formula: fFinalResult(25^C) = fFinalResult(current)/(1.0+0.02*(fTP-
25.0));

float compensationVolatge=averageVoltage/compensationCoefficient; //temperature
compensation
tdsValue=(133.42*compensationVolatge*compensationVolatge*compensationVolatge -
255.86*compensationVolatge*compensationVolatge +
857.39*compensationVolatge)*0.5; //convert voltage value to tds value
//tdsValue = TDS Sensor

//ph_act = pH Sensor
//voltage = Turbidity Sensor
if (ph_act >= 6.5 && ph_act <= 8.5 && tdsValue <= 900 && voltage >= 2.50) {
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(5,3);
lcd.print("Drinkable");
delay(30);
}
else
{
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(3,3);
lcd.print("Not Drinkable");
delay(30);
}
}
}
int getMedianNum(int bArray[], int iFilterLen)
{
int bTab[iFilterLen];
for (byte i = 0; i<iFilterLen; i++)
bTab[i] = bArray[i];
int i, j, bTemp;
for (j = 0; j < iFilterLen - 1; j++)
{
for (i = 0; i < iFilterLen - j - 1; i++)
{
if (bTab[i] > bTab[i + 1])
{
bTemp = bTab[i];
bTab[i] = bTab[i + 1];

bTab[i + 1] = bTemp;
}
}
}
if ((iFilterLen & 1) > 0)
bTemp = bTab[(iFilterLen - 1) / 2];
else
bTemp = (bTab[iFilterLen / 2] + bTab[iFilterLen / 2 - 1]) / 2;
return bTemp;
8-channel Relay:
void setup() {
pinMode(9, HIGH); //turn on
delay (1800000);
pinMode(9, LOW);//turn off
delay(120000);
pinMode(10, HIGH);
delay (85000);
pinMode(10, LOW);
pinMode(11, HIGH);
pinMode(12, HIGH);
pinMode(13, HIGH);
delay (300000);
pinMode(11, LOW);
pinMode(12, LOW);
pinMode(13, LOW);
Calibration of pH Meter Sensor, Turbidity Sensor, and Analog TDS Sensor:

#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

//TDS Sensor
#define TdsSensorPin A2
#define VREF 5.0
#define SCOUNT 30
int analogBuffer[SCOUNT];
int analogBufferTemp[SCOUNT];
int analogBufferIndex = 0,copyIndex = 0;
float averageVoltage = 0,tdsValue = 0,temperature = 25;
//pH Sensor
float calibration_value = 16.09;
int phval = 0;
unsigned long int avgval;
int buffer_arr[10],temp;
void setup()
{
//Turbidity Sensor
pinMode(A1, INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
//TDS Sensor
pinMode(TdsSensorPin, INPUT);
lcd.init();

lcd.begin(16, 2);
lcd.backlight();
}
void loop() {
//pH Sensor
{
buffer_arr[i]=analogRead(A0);
delay(30);
}
{
for(int j=i+1;j<10;j++)
{
if(buffer_arr[i]>buffer_arr[j])
{
temp=buffer_arr[i];
buffer_arr[i]=buffer_arr[j];
buffer_arr[j]=temp;
}
}
}
avgval=0;
avgval+=buffer_arr[i];
float volt=(float)avgval*5.0/1024/6;
float ph_act = -5.70 * volt + calibration_value;

//Turbidity Sensor
int sensorValue = analogRead(A1);
float voltage = sensorValue * (5.0 / 1024.0);
//TDS Sensor
static unsigned long analogSampleTimepoint = millis();

if(millis()-analogSampleTimepoint > 40U) //every 40 milliseconds,read the analog
value from the ADC
{
analogSampleTimepoint = millis();
analogBuffer[analogBufferIndex] = analogRead(TdsSensorPin); //read the analog
value and store into the buffer
analogBufferIndex++;
if(analogBufferIndex == SCOUNT)
analogBufferIndex = 0;
}
static unsigned long printTimepoint = millis();
if(millis()-printTimepoint > 800U)
{
printTimepoint = millis();
for(copyIndex=0;copyIndex<SCOUNT;copyIndex++)
analogBufferTemp[copyIndex]= analogBuffer[copyIndex];
averageVoltage = getMedianNum(analogBufferTemp,SCOUNT) * (float)VREF /
1024.0; // read the analog value more stable by the median filtering algorithm, and
convert to voltage value
float compensationCoefficient=1.0+0.02*(temperature-25.0); //temperature
compensation formula: fFinalResult(25^C) = fFinalResult(current)/(1.0+0.02*(fTP-
25.0));

float compensationVolatge=averageVoltage/compensationCoefficient; //temperature
compensation
tdsValue=(133.42*compensationVolatge*compensationVolatge*compensationVolatge -
255.86*compensationVolatge*compensationVolatge +
857.39*compensationVolatge)*0.5; //convert voltage value to tds value
//tdsValue = TDS Sensor

//ph_act = pH Sensor
//voltage = Turbidity Sensor
if (ph_act >= 6.5 && ph_act <= 8.5 && tdsValue <= 900 && voltage >= 2.50){
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print ("pH: ");
lcd.setCursor(3,0);
lcd.print(ph_act);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("TDS: ");
lcd.setCursor(4,1);
lcd.print(tdsValue);
lcd.setCursor(0,2);
lcd.print("Voltage(NTU): ");
lcd.setCursor(13,2);
lcd.print(voltage);
lcd.setCursor(9,0);
lcd.print("Potable");
delay(30);

}
else{
lcd.clear();
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print ("pH: ");
lcd.setCursor(3,0);
lcd.print(ph_act);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("TDS: ");
lcd.setCursor(4,1);
lcd.print(tdsValue);
lcd.setCursor(0,2);
lcd.print("Voltage(NTU): ");
lcd.setCursor(13,2);
lcd.print(voltage);
lcd.setCursor(9,0);
lcd.print("Not Potable");
delay(30);
}
}
}
//TDS Sensor
int getMedianNum(int bArray[], int iFilterLen)
{

int bTab[iFilterLen];
for (byte i = 0; i<iFilterLen; i++)
bTab[i] = bArray[i];
int i, j, bTemp;
for (j = 0; j < iFilterLen - 1; j++)
{
for (i = 0; i < iFilterLen - j - 1; i++)
{
if (bTab[i] > bTab[i + 1])
{
bTemp = bTab[i];
bTab[i] = bTab[i + 1];
bTab[i + 1] = bTemp;
}
}
}
if ((iFilterLen & 1) > 0)
bTemp = bTab[(iFilterLen - 1) / 2];
else
bTemp = (bTab[iFilterLen / 2] + bTab[iFilterLen / 2 - 1]) / 2;
return bTemp;

APPENDIX F. LABORATORY RESULT / REPORT
Figure 37. Microbiological Test Results – April 1, 2022



Figure 40. Microbiological Test Results – May 14, 2022

Figure 41. Microbiological Test Results – May 16, 2022

APPENDIX G. ADVISER’S ACCEPTANCE FORM
ADVISER’S ACCEPTANCE FORM
NAME OF PROPONENTS: Josh Allan T. Lutero

Jaybee P. Pesquisa
APPROVED RESEARCH TITLE: Microcontroller-Based Automated

Electrocoagulation System For Wastewater
Treatment
AREA OF STUDY: Embedded Systems and Microelectronics
CONFORME:
Oliver A. Medina
Thesis Adviser
APPROVED BY:
Jocelyn G. Llanderal Date: 14 March, 2022

Thesis Coordinator
NOTED BY:
Jester Emann E. Peñaranda, MIT

Program Head

APPENDIX H. REVISION LIST
APPENDIX I. CURRICULUM VITAE OF RESEARCHERS
Curriculum Vitae of
JOSH ALAN T. LUTERO
300 B Elazigue 2, Calamba City, Laguna
luterojosh@yahoo.com
09668077527
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Level Inclusive Dates Name of school/ Institution
Tertiary 2015 – Present STI College Calamba
High School 2011 – 2015 St. John Colleges
Elementary 2005 – 2011 St. John Colleges
AFFILIATIONS
Inclusive Dates Name of Organization Position
2018 - Present Organization of Computer Member
Engineering Students (OCpES)
2018 – Present Institute of Computer Member
Engineering Students (ICpEP)
Listed in reverse chronological order (most recent first).
SKILLS
SKILLS Level of Competency Date Acquired
Microsoft Office Intermediate 2013
Java Intermediate 2018
AutoCAD Foundational 2020
SQL Foundational 2020
TRAININGS, SEMINARS OR WORKSHOP ATTENDED

Inclusive Dates Title of Training, Seminar or Workshop
2019 National Service Training Program (NSTP)
2018 National Youth Convention (NYC)

Curriculum Vitae of
JAYBEE P. PESQUISA
244 Sto. Domingo St. Mayapa, Calamba City, Laguna
pesquisajaybee@gmail.com
09471055490
High School 2012 – 2018 Palo Alto Integrated School
Elementary 2006 – 2012 Mayapa Elementary School
PROFESSIONAL OR VOLUNTEER EXPERIENCE

Nature of Experience/ Name and Address of Company or
Inclusive Dates
Job Title Organization
November 2018 Work Immersion Brgy. Laguerta, Calamba City,
Laguna
AFFILIATIONS
2018 - Present Organization of Computer Member
2018 – Present Institute of Computer Member
Engineering Students (ICpEP)
SKILLS
SQL Foundational 2019
Editing Intermediate 2018

2020 AWS Siklab Pilipinas 2020

Curriculum Vitae of
ANNIELU ELYCA D. ROSALES
B257 L16 Ph4 Mabuhay City, Mamatid, Cabuyao City, Laguna
annielurosales@gmail.com
09067713952
2015 – 2018 Colegio De San Juan De Letran -
Calamba
High School 2011 - 2015 Colegio De San Juan De Letran -
Calamba
Elementary 2005-2011 Colegio De San Juan De Letran -
Calamba

Name and Address of Company or
Nature of Experience/
Inclusive Dates Organization
Job Title
June 2020 Customer Service Representative Concentrix Nuvali
May 2019 Watcher Republic of the Philippines
Commission on Elections
May 2019 Poll watcher Parish Pastoral Council For
Responsible Voting
AFFILIATIONS
June 2019 - Organization of Computer Member
Present Engineering Students (OCpES)
June 2019 - Institute of Computer Member
Present Engineering Students (ICpEP)
2015 – 2018 Society of Young Leaders (SYL) Member
2015 – 2018 Letran Calamba Industrial Member
Engineering Society (LCIES)
2015 – 2018 Philippine Institute of Industrial Member
Engineers (PIIE)
SKILLS
Microsoft Office Advanced 2005 – 2011
HTML Foundational 2012
Arduino Intermediate 2014
Visual Basic, C++, and C# Foundational 2016
AutoCAD Foundational 2017

Cisco Packet Tracer Foundational 2017
Python Intermediate 2020
SQL Intermediate 2020

2022 HCIA-5G Course
2022 HCIA-IOT Course
2021 Huawei Certified ICT Associate
2021 HCIA-AI Course
2021 Huawei: The Future of Mobile App Industry
2021 SPARTA: Getting Grounded on Analytics
2020 AWS Siklab Pilipinas 2020
2016 Reserve Officers Training Corp (ROTC)

Curriculum Vitae of
KENN PHILIP N. VILLARETE
Matabang Tubig, Canlubang, Calamba City
Kennphillip22@gmail.com
09215921873
Tertiary 2018 - Present STI College Calamba
High School 2012 – 2018 Calamba Institute Canlubang
Elementary 2006 – 2012 Calnlubang Elemtary School

Nature of Experience/ Name and Address of Company or
Inclusive Dates
Job Title Organization
November 2017 Work Immersion Creotec, Laguna Technopark, Sta.
Rosa
AFFILIATIONS
2018 – Present Organization of Computer Member
SKILLS


JUNE 14LATEST FINALMicrocontrolled Based Automated Electrocoagulation For Wastewater Treatment FINAL9

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JUNE 14LATEST FINALMicrocontrolled Based Automated Electrocoagulation For Wastewater Treatment FINAL9

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MICROCONTROLLER-BASED AUTOMATED

ELECTROCOAGULATION SYSTEM FOR WASTEWATER

Josh Alan T. Lutero

TITLE OF RESEARCH: Microcontroller-Based Automated

NAME OF DEVELOPERS: Josh Alan T. Lutero

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

APPROVED FOR ORAL DEFENSE:

Jester Emann E. Peñaranda, MIT

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This thesis titled: Microcontroller-Based Automated Electrocoagulation System For

Accepted and approved by the Thesis Review Panel

Fe Dalangin Yedra, MAITE Jester Emann E. Peñaranda, MIT

Dr. Richard John Brian D. Manzano

Jocelyn G. Llanderal Jester Emann E. Peñaranda, MIT

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Title of research: Microcontroller-Based Automated Electrocoagulation System

Researchers: Annielu Elyca D. Rosales

Degree: Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering

Date of Completion: May 2022

Key words: Electrocoagulation, Wastewater Treatment, Grey Water

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Domestic wastewater is caused as a result of human activities at home. Kitchen, shower,

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Background of the problem

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1. Coagulation and Flocculation

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Objectives of the study

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Scope and limitations of the study

The Microcontroller-Based Automated Electrocoagulation for Wastewater Treatment is

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Review of related literature, studies, or systems

Automated Water Tank Filtration System Using LDR System

IOT Based Water Quality Control And Filtration System

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Potentiality Of Magnetic Filtration On Wastewater Treatment With Flyash Media

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Technosocial Feasibility Analysis Of Solar-Powered UV-LED Water Treatment

A Ceramic Water Filter formed by Starch Consolidation

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Text Message Interpretation and Filtration System Using GSM-SMS Technology

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Table 1. Benchmarking Table

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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

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Foreign Studies Similarities Differences

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2. Optimization of an Electrocoagulation in Flotation system in the