Research Methodology

12th Week Revision

Identify the type of research whether it is (exploratory, causal, or descriptive) for each
of the following:

1. Why stressful living result in heart attacks. (Exploratory)

2. The effect of stressful living on incidence of heart attacks. (Causal)
3. Impact of advertising campaign on sales of a product. (Causal)
4. Attitude of the students toward quality of teaching in AAST. (Descriptive)
5. You want to investigate the specific effects of specific emotions on customer’s
behavioral responses to failed service encounters across industries. (Causal)
6. You want to examine how exposure to thin or heavy models in advertisement influences
a person’s self-esteem, you believed that the effects if exposure to models in
advertisements depends on the extremity of the model’s thinness or braveness.
(Causal)
7. Dr. Larry Norton of memorial Sloan-Kettering cancer center predicts that cancer
treatment will undergo major changes. Several drugs are being developed to battle
cancer without harming healthy tissues. It is a question of discovering which of these
does the job best. (Exploratory)
8. A study was conducted with the help of previous case studies to understand heart
attacks are increasing in the younger generation. (Descriptive)
9. HSBC wants to examine the effect of flexible working hours’ system on employee
performance. (Causal)
10. Market studies that describe the size of the market, buying power of the consumers,
availability of distributers, and consumer profiles. (Descriptive)
11. BMW conducted a research to study the factors that enhance consumer intention to
buy their cars using surveys. These factors include the price, the availability of spare
parts, performance, and durability. (Descriptive)
12. Debenhams is using an experiment to test the effect of the new store design on the
consumer intention to spread positive word of mouth. (Exploratory)
13. A quality center in Alexandria university conducted a research to determine the
attitudes of students in Alexandria university toward the quality of teaching.
(Descriptive)
14. A researcher will use observation wants to determine the percentage of students who
prefer online books or offline books. (Descriptive)
15. A researcher used a focus group with experts in the telecommunication industry to
investigate factors contributing to network failures. (Causal)
 16. Study is conducted to measure if social bonds in organization cause changes in the
performance if the self-managed team. (Descriptive)
17. A study was conducted with the help of previous case studies to understand heart
attacks are increasing in the younger generation. (Descriptive)
18. A Forman thinks that low efficiency of the machine tool operators is directly linked to
the high-level fumes emitted in the workshop. He would like to prove this to his
supervisor through a research study. (Causal)
19. Many were concerned about the operations of the infamous BCCI, the international
banking institution. If the government had wished to probe into details, what type of
research should it undertake. (Descriptive)

Identify the time horizon for the following research (Cross-sectional versus
Longitudinal Studies):

1. UPS experienced a shutdown for 15 days and their clients shifted their business to other
carriers such as FedEx and the U.S Postal service, after the termination of the strike, UPS
tried to empress their customers back through several strategies and collected data
month after month to see what progress they are making in this regard. (Cross-
Sectional)
2. A financial Manager is interested in the profitability of a particular product in four
different regions of the country on a quarterly basis for the next 2 years. (Longitudinal)
3. A drug company which desires to invest in research for a new obesity (reduction) pill
conducted a survey among those obese people to see how many of them would be
interested in trying the new pill. (Cross-Sectional)
4. Data were collected from stockbrokers between April and June of last year to study their
concerns in a turbulent stock market. Data with respect to this particular research had
not been collected before, nor will they be collected again from them for this research.
(Cross-Sectional)

Identify the type of the following scales (Nominal, Ordinal, Interval or Ratio scale)

1. How far is the theater from your home? ……………. miles (Interval)
2. Rank the following personal computers with the respect to their usage on your office,
assigning the number 1 to the most used system, 2 to the next most used, and so on.
……….. Apple
……….. IBM
……….. Sony
……….. Toshiba
(Ordinal)
3. Evaluate the quality if the teaching service you get from AAST. Circle the number that
best describe your attitude towards the AAST service quality.
+5
+4
+3
+2
+1
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
(Interval)
4. Do you purchase from Zara?
1.Yes
2.No
(Nominal)
5. Do you take “Aspirin” when you have a headache?
1.Yes
2.No
(Nominal)
6. Using a Likert Scale, state the extent to which you agree with this statement:
Life without my work will not be interesting 1 2 3 4 5 (Interval)
7. A study showing that Honda placed as the third in terms of number of dealerships in the
Gulf are. (Ordinal)
8. How pleased are you with the exam?
Extremely pleased 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Extremely displeased
(Interval)
9. What major are you in?
A. Marketing
B. MIS
C. Finance
D. E-Commerce

(Nominal)
State the type of scale used:

1. Yank’s corner should start conducting marketing research.

Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Agree

1 2 3 4 5

(Likert)

2. I would favor products that are of high quality.

Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Agree

1 2 3 4 5

(Likert)

3. How would you describe the services of XYZ components?

Efficient _____ _____ ______ X _____ _____ Inefficient

Fast ____ _____ ____ _____ X ______ Slow

(Semantic Differential Scale)

4. (Stapel)

+3 +3 +3
+2 +2 +2
+1 +1 +1
Challenging Suits my skill Satisfactory
-3 -3 -3
-2 -2 -2
-1 -1 -1
 5. (Likert Scale)
Strongly Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly
Disagree Agree
My Job offers me a
chance to test
myself and my
ability
Doing this job well
is a reward in itself
Mastering this job
meant a lot to me