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Electrolysis
Electrolysis
ELECTROLYSIS
Explain why molten ionic compounds conduct electricity but solid ionic
compounds do not.
State the ions present , name the products and give the electrodes
reactions in the electrolysis of
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Explain what happen in refining copper.
ELECTROLYTES
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The diagram below shows the flow of electrons to and from the
battery in an electrolytic cell.
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e) Write the cathode half equation.
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K^+ + e^- -> K
When these ions react this is called “discharging the ions”. Why?
This is because the positive and negative charge is negated by the redox reactions.
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H^+, Na^+
In dilute NaCl (aq) –what cations are present? _______________________
Cl^-, OH^-
- what anions are present? ________________________
Using the reactivity series of metal and the relative ease of discharge of
anion:
H^+
- Which cation is reduced? ___________________________________
OH^-
- Which anion is oxidised? ___________________________________
Electrodes can be inert. These do not react, they are just conductors of
electricity to transfer electrons. E.g. platinum and graphite (carbon)
Other electrodes can be reactive and be oxidized and are made from
most of the other metals. These electrodes are oxidised before anions.
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Cu^2+, H^+, SO4^2-, OH^-
Cu^2+
OH^-
Cu^2+ + 2e^- -> Cu
4OH^- -> O2 +2H2O + 4e^-
SUMMARY
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INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION OF ELECTROLYSIS
1) Electroplating
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• Electroplating is coatingan object with a metal by electrolysis.
• The object is the cathode. The metal to be plated is the anode. The
electrolyte is a solution of the metal ions to be plated.
Chromium
Tin
Silver
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-Write the anode half equation.
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• Pure Al2O3 is extracted from bauxite. Al2O3 has a very high melting
point (>2000°C) so it is added to molten cryolite (Na3AlF6) which
dissolves the Al2O3 at about 950°C. The mixture is now electrolysed
using carbon electrodes.
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Recycling of Aluminium
ELECTRIC CELLS
Zn → Zn2+ + 2e-
• For example, if the electrolyte is NaCl (aq), hydrogen ions from the
solution are discharged:
2H+ + 2e- → H2
• The further apart in the reactivity series the two metals are, the bigger
is the voltage.
• Electric cells are also known as batteries. Batteries are used in small
flashlights and cars because
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WORKSHEET 1
Lead, Bromine
Lead
Bromine
2Br^- -> Br2 + 2e^-
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Using the reactivity series of metal and the relative ease of discharge of
anion:
Using the reactivity series of metal and the relative ease of discharge of
anion:
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Using the reactivity series of metal and the relative ease of discharge of
anion:
WORKSHEET 3
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y9 revision
WORKSHEET 4
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y9 revision
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