0478/11 - June 2019

2D Scanner

3D Scanner

Smart board

DLP

3D Printer

A magnetic storage does not need to be portable. A magnetic storage also has a higher life expentancy.

It is also cheaper per unit data. It is a trusted technology.

Made by James Gan

 CD

DVD

Blu-ray

0478/12 - June 2019

Mouse

Keyboards

Microphone

Speaker

Printer

Headphones

An off-line storage is a storage that does not need to be connected to the internet to store

files.

RAM

HDD

SSD

Made by James Gan

 data instructions

fetched RAM

decoded

executed

Blu-ray uses blue laser light whilst DVD use red laser light.

Blu-ray has a smaller track width whilst DVD has a larger track width

Made by James Gan

 Data is first sent to the printer driver, which then checks if the data sent is in a format which is able

to be printed by the set printer. It next checks whether the printer is available. Data is then

stored in the printer buffer. A paper is fed into the main body of the printer. The printer head moves

side by side, releasing exact amounts of coloured ink to form a certain colour. Once a line is finished

printing, the paper is slightly advanced to print a new line.

Made by James Gan

 ROM is a primary memory that can only be read, not written. In a computer, vital information is stored

in from, for example BIOS (Basic Input Output System).

As Remy touches the capacitive touch screen, the electrostatic field in the conductive layer which

is below the protective layer is interrupted. The microcontroller in the touch screen then calculates

the exact position in which the field was interrupted, registering a touch in the exact area.

Made by James Gan

 0478/13 - June 2019

The stored program concept describes the concept of a computer program being stored

in a memory. A CPU would also be in place to access this memory for usage.

The ALU performs arithmetic and logic operations in the computer while a program is being run.

It temporarily stores its data from the accumulator register (ACC)

Made by James Gan

 When the resistive touch screen is touched, the two layers at the top and at the bottom will touch.

This then forms an electrical circuit, which indicates a change in voltage. A microcontroller

will then calculate the exact coordinates in which the change happened.

Speaker

Printer

Primary storage is storage that can be directly accessed by the CPU.

Secondary storage is external storage which cannot be directly accessed by the CPU.

Examples of it would be HDD and SSD

Made by James Gan

 0478/11 - November 2019

Laser

Made by James Gan

 Touch screen

Speaker

Hard disk drive

QR codes contains black and white coloured squares. When it is being scanned by infrared,

both white and black will reflect different amounts of light, which is then translated into differing

binary values, with white being 1 and black being 0. The data is reassembled and displayed

on the device used to scan, for example a mobile phone.

Made by James Gan

 No need for human intervention.

More accurate detection of analogue change.

The memory address of the instruction is fetched and then stored in the MAR register. The instruction

data is stored in the MDR register. The instruction data is then copied and is stored into the CIR register.

The program counter is increased by 1 to process the next instruction.

Made by James Gan

 0478/12 - November 2019

ALU

Control bus

CIR

ACC

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When a key is pressed, it presses a switch. The switch then completes the circuit. The character

pressed has a unique ASCII value which is also a unique binary value, which is then processed

by the CPU

Made by James Gan

 RAM is used to read and write data that is currently used

ROM is used to store essential, uneditable data such as BIOS.

An SSD provides extra space to store files permanently

Faster read/write cycle.

Portable

0478/13 - November 2019

Barcode scanner

Touch screen

HDD

SSD

Monitor

Printer

Made by James Gan

 LCD screen cannot display light by itself, so it is backlit using another light source such as LED.

Shades of colour is formed via mixture of red, blue and green light

- Display is made out of pixels

- arranged in matrix

Made by James Gan

Made by James Gan
 0478/12 - March 2020

Address bus

Data bus

External/secondary storage.

Made by James Gan

 HDD is cheaper per unit data than SSD.

SSD has portability, HDD doesn't.

SSD has a faster read/write cycle than hDD

USB

Microphone

Mouse

Monitor

Speakers

Made by James Gan

 0478/12 - June 2020

CIR

ACC

PC

Fetch

Execute

Control Unit

Made by James Gan

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Faster printing

Prints better with large quantities

Expensive

Made by James Gan

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CD

Blu-ray

Made by James Gan

 0478/13 - June 2020

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input

black

white

sensors

binary

Made by James Gan

 Stores data currently being read or being written into.

Stores essential and uneditable data such as BIOS.

Stores data externally

CU

ALU

Buses

Registers

Made by James Gan

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0478/11 - November 2020

Made by James Gan

 Control bus

Accumulator

Made by James Gan

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LED technology is the usage of a light emitting diode as a light source. It is generally used

to prevent backflow in an alternating current.

PIXELS

ARRANGED IN MATRIX

Long lasting

Energy efficient

High resolution

LCD

Made by James Gan

 0478/12 - November 2020

input

An SSD is an external storage that uses flash memory to store data. Instead of moving mechanical parts,
it uses transistors

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Made by James Gan

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control

unique

identify

Protocol

dynamic

Made by James Gan

 0478/13 - November 2020

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Data bus

ALU

PC

CIR

MDR

Made by James Gan

 LCD technology uses liquid crystals to display images. Since it cannot produce light on it's own,

it is usually backlit using LED lights. The displays are in pixel form which is arranged in a matrix

Low power consumption

high resolution

cheaper

Uses red laser to read

A type of optical storage

need to be spun

DVD is dual layer, CD is single layer

Made by James Gan

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Made by James Gan

 0478/11 - March 2021

Inkjet printer

Electromechanical device to perform certain tasks.

Projector

Uses optical technology to move cursor across computer screen

Made by James Gan

 An SSD stores data by controlling the movement of electrons via the usage of NAND/NOR

gates. The data is stored in transistors.

Faster read/write cycles.

Made by James Gan

 A stored program concept details that data can be stored in memory, with a CPU being able to

directly access said memory.

A program counter stores the address of the upcoming instruction. It increases by one everytime

a new instruction is fetched.

A control bus carries signals from the CU to other components of the computer.

Made by James Gan

 0478/11 - June 2021

Both use hexadecimals to identify themselves.

IP can be changed, MAC Address cannot.

MAC is assigned by manufacturer, IP is assigned by network(ISP)

Keyboard

Mouse

Microphone

/ /

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Made by James Gan

 A temperature sensor detects temperature and sends it to the microprocessor via analogue signals.

However, to be comprehended by the microprocessor, an ADC converts these signals into digital signals.

If the temperature goes above 30 degree Celsius, the microprocessors will send signals to the actuators

at the window and at the heater. The actuators then open a window and switches off a heater. However,

if the temperature goes below 25 degree Celsius, the microprocessors send different signals to the actuators,

which now close a window and switches on a heater. When the temperature eventually increases or

decreases to the acceptable range, the microprocessor sends signals again to the actuators, whom

reverse back to their original state. This process is continuous.

Made by James Gan

 0478/12 - June 2021

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HDD

Blu-ray disc

HDD

Can store a lot of memory. It also has more longevity.

When a USB connects itself to a computer, the computer can detect it's presence due to a slight

change in voltage in the data wire. Data is then sent one bit at a time from the computer into

the USB via the receiving data wire. Data can also be sent to the computer since it is either

half or full duplex.

- Data is flashed onto silicon chips

- Uses NAND/NOR tech

- Transistors/control gates/ floating gates

Made by James Gan

 Motion sensor

Light sensor

Made by James Gan

 switch circuit

current

calculated

character binary

0478/13 - June 2021

Magnetic

Flash

Optical

Made by James Gan

 To read/write data into the HDD, the HDD rotates, as it's arm moves along the tracks to begin

writing data.

Has platters

Read/write data using electromagnets

magnetic field determines binary

LED

photoelectric

lens magnifies

microswitch USB

Keyboard

Microphone

Made by James Gan

 Infrared sensor

Magnetic field sennsor

Proximity sensor

Made by James Gan

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CIR

PC

Made by James Gan