S.

4FI
ELDWORKNOTES
GEOGRAPHY273/
1

WhatisFieldwork?
I
tisastudyt hati
nvol
vesstudent
susingt
helocalenv
ironmentasal
abor
ator
ytov
eri
fywhat
i
sstudi
edi nclassr
oom andreadint
extbooks.

I
tinv
olv
esobservat
ion,recor
ding,analysisandinter
pret
ati
onoft
her
elat
ionshi
pbet
ween
manandphy
sical
env i
ronment(geographicaldat
a).

Fiel
dwor kstudi
esareaf orm ofsocialenqui
ryint
or eal-l
ifesit
uations.Fi
eldresearch
ther
eforet
akesplacei
nt he"f
iel
d"thatisi
nnatur
alsett
ing,asett
ingthatisnotest
ablished
forthepur
poseofconducti
ngresearch.

I
dent
if
yingthet
opicofstudy:
Thet
opicmusthavethefoll
owingchar
act
eri
sti
cs:
Shor
tandprecise.
Emphasi
ze"
what
"isst
udi
edand"
wher
e"i
.e.t
henameoft
hear
eaoft
hest
udy
.

Resear
chabl
eandcl
ear
.
Hav
eageogr
aphi
cal
rel
ati
onshi
p.
Notambi
guous.
Exampl
esi
nclude:
i
) Factorsthati
nfl
uencet
hegr
owt handdevel
opmentof"
Kaseny
iFi
shLandi
ngsi
te,
Northernshor
esofLakeVi
ctor
ia"(Waki
soDist
ri
ct)
.

i
i
) "The gr
owth and dev
elopmentofKi
bul
iMar
ketand i
tsi
nfl
uence on t
he
surr
oundi
ngareas"
.

For
mulati
ngtheobjecti
vesofthestudy:
Theobj
ecti
vesshouldhavethefoll
owingcharacter
ist
ics:
Theyshouldbespecifi
c(theyshouldbeclearl
yst
ated)
.
Theyshoul
dbemeasur
abl
ei.
e.(
canbeev
aluat
ed)
.
Theobj
ect
ivesshoul
dbef
ocusedandnar
rowi
nscope.
Theyshoul
dber
eal
i
sti
c,t
her
efor
eachi
evabl
e.
Theyshouldbel
ogicali
.e.donotst
artwit
hfutur
epr ospect
s,st
artwi
thl
ocat
ion,
hi
stor
ical
backgr
oundandendwi thf
utur
eprospects.

Theyshoul
dber
elat
edt
othet
opi
coft
hest
udyBUTt
heyshoul
dnotr
epeatt
he
topi
c.

Whatshoul
dast udentavoi
dwhenstat
ingtheobject
ives?
Thest
udentsshouldavoi
dusingwor
dsthatarenormeasurabl
e,f
orexampl
e:
Toassess.

Geogr
aphyDepar
tment2018
 Toknow.
Tounder
stand.
Tosee.
Toexami
neet
c.

Ther
efor
e,t
hestudentshoul
duseact
ivev
erbsi
nor
derf
ort
heobj
ect
ivest
obemeasur
abl
e
andcorr
ect
.Fori
nstance:
Tofi
ndout .
Toi
dent
if
y.
Toi
nvest
igat
e.
Toest
abl
i
shet
c.

Eachobject
iveshoul
dal sobearthenameofthear
eaofthest
udybecauseeachobj
ect
ivei
s
i
ndependentoftheother,fori
nstance:
Tofi
ndoutt helocat
ionofKaseny
iFi
shi
ngLandi
ngsit
e.
Tof
indoutt
hehi
stor
ical
backgr
oundofKaseny
iFi
shi
ngLandi
ngsi
te.
Tofi
ndoutt
hecondi
ti
onsf
avour
ingf
ishi
ngact
ivi
ti
esatKaseny
iFi
shi
ngLandi
ng
si
te.

Toinv
est
igat
ethei
nfl
uenceoff
ishi
ngatKaseny
iLandi
ngsi
teont
hesur
roundi
ng
ar
eas.

Toi
dent
if
ythepr
obl
emsf
acedatKaseny
iandt
hepossi
blesol
uti
ons.
Tof
indoutt
hef
utur
epr
ospect
soff
ishi
ngatKaseny
iFi
shi
ngLandi
ngsi
te.

CHOOSI
NGMETHODSOFDATACOLLETI
ON:
Theselect
ionofthemet hodsofthestudydependsontheinf
ormati
ontobecol
l
ectedand
basi
call
ythenatur eoftheareaofthestudy.Ther
efor
e,anymethodcanbeselect
edifi
t
meetsthecri
teri
ament i
onedabove:
Theyincl
udethefollowi
ng:
Observati
on
I
nter
viewi
ng
Quest
ionnai
remet
hod
Recor
ding
Sampl
i
ng
Mapor
ient
ati
on
Measur
ement

1. OBSERVATI
ONMETHOD:

Howt opresenttheobser v
ati
onmet hodwhil
eanswer
ingquest
ions?
Defi
nit
ion:
Observat
ionisamet hodorapr ocedurewherether
esear
cheruseshi
sey
est
ost
udyt
he
di
ff
erentgeographicalphenomenainthefi
eldoft
hest
udy.

Geogr
aphyDepar
tment2018
Duringt hest udywemov edt hrought hemar ketstall
sobser v
ingthedi f
fer
entt ypesof
commodi t
iessoldi
nthemar ket.Suchcommodi ti
esincludedtomatoes,dr
iedfi
shandmany
others.Weal somovedtot heraisedlandnor t
hoft hemar kettoobserv
et hegeneralnature
oflandscapeandhumanact i
vit
ies.Itwasf oundoutt hatsouthoftheareaisgentl
ysl opi
ng,
whilethenor t
hhasf l
atr
aisedlandscape.Thesout hernpartwasgenerall
yusedf ortrading
acti
v i
ti
esasanumberofshopswer esited.

Adv
ant
agesofobservat
ionmet hod:
Observat
ion prov
idesinfor
mation when ot
hermethodsar
enotef
fect
ivef
or
i
nstanceinareaswheretherear
enopeopletoask.

Itempl
oysal
esst
imeconsumi
ngpr
ocedur
eofsubj
ectsel
ect
ioncompar
ede.
g.
sampli
ng.

Obser
vati
onof f
ersf
ir
sthandi
nfor
mat
ionwi
thoutr
ely
ingonr
epor
tsmadeby
ot
herpeople.

I
tappr
oachesr
eal
i
tyi
nit
snat
ural
str
uct
ureandst
udi
esev
ent
sast
heyev
olv
e.

I
tisr
elat
ivel
ycheapanddoesi
nvol
vet
heuseofuni
quet
ool
s.

Li
mit
ati
onsofobservat
ion:
Observat
ioncannotbeempl
oyedwhenl
argegr
oupsorext
ensi
veev
ent
sar
etobe
studi
ed.

Observat
ioncannotprov i
deinf
ormati
onaboutt hepastandfutur
e,orinst
ance
obser
vationcannotexplaint
hehist
ori
calbackgroundoftheareaneit
hercanit
expl
ainthefut
ureprospectsoft
heareaofthestudy.

I
tisexposedtotheobserv
ers'
bias,sel
ect
iveper
cept
ionandselect
ionofmemor
y
i
.e.i
tissubj
ect
ivedependi
ngont heval
uejudgmentoftheobser
ver.

Observati
on is also aff
ected by obstr
ucti
ons f
ori
nst
ance t
allbui
l
dings or
veget
ation,hi
l
ls,fog,dustandmanyot hers.

Howdoy oupresentthelimit
ati
onstotheobser
vati
onmade?
Expl
ainy ouranswerbyment i
oni
nghow youwer el
imited,whatli
mi t
edy ouandwhaty ou
wantedtoobser ve.
Forinst
ance:
Observati
onwasl i
mitedbyobst r
ucti
onbyt hetal
lbui l
dingsontheeast ernsideofthe
market.Forinst
anceKi bul
iMosque,wecouldnotclear
lyobserveothereconomicact
ivi
ti
es
taki
ngplaceinthesurroundi
ngareas.

2. I
NTERVI
EWI
NGMETHOD:

Howt opresentint
erviewi
ngmethodwhi
leansweri
ngquesti
ons:
Def i
nit
ion:
Inter
viewingisapr ocedur
ewherether
esear
cherasksquest
ionsaboutagi
vent
opi
coft
he
studyandt herespondentanswer
s.

Geogr
aphyDepar
tment2018
Whilei
nKibul
iMarketoratKasakuTeaPl ant
ati
on(
uset
heappr
opri
atenamewherey
our
fi
eldworkwascar
riedout)weinter
viewedanumberofmar
ketv
endorsorwor
ker
satthe
pl
antat
ionusi
ngal
istofguidi
ngquesti
onse.g:

I
nter
viewer
:
Br
ief
lyexpl
ainhowt
hemar
ketwasst
art
ed?

Int
erv
iewee(
Mr.Kimansul
o):t
hemarketwasstart
edbyBugandaBoardandthelandwas
donat
edbyMissNakabugowhomanagedthemarketdur
ingi
tsi
nit
ial
year
sofdev
elopment
.

Note:
Youcanuseanyquest
ionsasl
ongast
heyar
erel
evantt
othet
opi
candobj
ect
ivesoft
he
st
udy.

Adv
ant
agesofi
ntervi
ewmet hod:
Fl
exi
bil
it
y;i
nter
viewscanbeadj
ust
edt
omeetmanydi
ver
sesi
tuat
ions.

Hi
ghresponser
atei
sgot;t
hepresenceofthei
nter
viewergi
vest
heoppor
tuni
tyt
o
t
heint
ervi
eweetodi
scussthepar
ti
cipat
ionint
hestudy.

Gives t
he chance tothe r
esear
cherorstudentt
o cor
rectmi
sunder
stood
questi
onsbyrespondent
swhi
lesti
l
lint
hef
iel
d.

Lesspatienceandmot i
vat
ionar
eneededt
o compl
etet
hanr
equi
redbyt
he
quest
ionnair
emethod.

Thei
nter
viewmet
hodhel
pst
hest
udent
stoi
nter
actwi
thpeopl
e.

Di
sadv
ant
agesoftheinter
viewmethod:
Int
erv
iewsaremor ecost
lyandt
imeconsumi
ngt
hanot
hermet
hods.
I
nter
viewsar
eaf
fect
edbypossi
blebi
asassoci
atedwi
tht
hei
nter
viewer
.
I
tislessef f
ect
ivet
hanot
hermet
hodsespeci
all
ywher
esensi
ti
vei
ssuesar
e
di
scussed.

Host
il
it
yfr
om t
her
espondent
s.

Languagebar r
ieri
.e.inmostcasesthestudent
scannoteasil
ycommuni
cat
ein
l
ocallanguagesandt hel
ocalpeopl
ecannotunder
standEngl
i
sh.

Howt opr esentl

imit
ati
onsofint
ervi
ewmet hoddur
ingthestudy
:
Inter
viewi
ngwasl imi
tedbyhosti
li
tyf
rom t
heworkersofKasakuTeaEst
atewhoi
nsul
tedthe
studentswhocoul daskquesti
onssuchas:howar eyougoingtohel
pus?Wear et
iredof
students.

Int
ervi
ewi ngwasli
mi t
edbyl anguagebarr
ier
.Mostoftheworker
satKaseny
iLandi
ngsi
te
could notcommuni cateinanyot herl
anguageapar
tfrom Lugandat
hatcoul
d notbe
understoodbysomest udent
s.

3. RECORDI
NGMETHOD:

Geogr
aphyDepar
tment2018
Recordingisaprocedur
ewher ether esearcherwri
tesdowni nf
ormati
onusi
ngstat
ioner
y
suchasapenandpaper .However,otherdev i
cescanbeusedt orecor
ddowninf
ormati
on
especiall
ywher
ewrit
ingdownofinformationisnoteffect
ive.

Adv
ant
agesofr
ecordi
ngmethod:
St
udent
sareinposi
ti
ontokeepper
manentr
ecor
dsofi
nfor
mat
ion.

Inf
ormationi
smor
eor
gani
zedwhenr
ecor
dedt
hani
not
hermet
hodsofdat
a
coll
ect
ion.

Wheredr
awi
ngsandtabulat
ionsar
einvolv
ed,i
thelpsstudent
stoacqui
reski
l
ls
t
hataret
obeusedatl
aterst
agesofacademichi
erarchy
.

I
tisusedi nothermet
hodsofdat
acol
l
ect
ion(
itact
sasal
i
nkbet
weent
he
di
ff
erentmethods)
.

Li
mit
ati
onstothemethodofr
ecor
ding:
Iti
saffect
edbycli
mati
ccondit
ionsf
ori
nst
ancer
ecor
dingonwhi
tepaperdur
ing
sunnydays.

Thest
ati
oner
ymaybel
ostei
therhav
ingbeendest
roy
edbyf
oreorst
olen.

St
ati
oner
yisexpensi
vef
orst
udent
s.

Howdowepr esentr
ecordi
ngmet
hodwhi
leanswer
ingquest
ions?
E.
g:
Descr
ibehowyouusedthefol
l
owi
ngmet
hodtocoll
ectdat
awhilei
nthef
iel
doft
hest
udy
.

a) Recor
ding:
- Appr
oach.
- Def
inewhatr
ecor
dingi
s.
- Expl
ainhowy
our
ecor
dedt
hei
nfor
mat
ion.
- Gi
veexampl
esoft
her
ecor
dedi
nfor
mat
ion.

Forinstanceast udentmayanswerasf ol
lows:
Recor di
ng is wheret he r esearcherwrites down infor
mat i
on as gotf rom the fi
eld
oft he study.Dur i
ng recording,pens,pencils and papers were used t
or ecor
d down
i
nf or
mat i
onasobser v
edori nter
viewedfr
om thef i
eldofthest udy.Werecordeddownthe
problemsf acedbythef i
shmonger satKasenyiLandingsit
e,whichincl
uded;l
ackofmoder n
equipment stopreservefish,lackofcapit
altobuyequi pmentset c.Wealsousedtabl
est o
recorddata,fori
nstancet het ypesoffi
shspeciescaughtandmaj ormethodsbywhichitis
caught .

Atabl
eshowi
ngf
ishandt
hemai
nmethodsofcat
chi
ngf
ishatKaseny
iFi
shLandi
ngsi
te:
Fi
shspeci
es Met
hodsoffi
shi
ng
Ti
l
api
a Gi
l
lnet
ti
ng
Ni
l
eper
ch Tr
awl
i
ng

Geogr
aphyDepar
tment2018
4. MEASUREMENTMETHOD:

I
ti s a method used t
o deter
mine t
he quant
it
yorsize using speci
alequi
pments or
i
nstrument
s.Inotherwords,iti
samet hodbywhichdi
stance,ar
eas,hei
ght
s,weight
sand
quanti
tyar
egotordetermined.

Shortdist
ancesov
era good teaming can be measur
ed wi
that
ape measur
e;l
onger
di
stancescanbemeasur
edbypacing.

Adv
ant
agesofmeasurement
:
Themethodgiv
esfi
rsthandi
nfor
mat
iont
othest
udent
s.

Student
sal
sol
ear
nskil
l
sandt heusi
ngofsomet ool
sastheyphy
sical
l
ycar
ryout
themeasur
ement
sofdist
anceandotherobj
ect
sinthef
iel
d.

Li
mit
ati
onsofthemeasur
ementmet hod:
Measurementi
saf fect
edbyi nadequat
etoolsinmostcasest
het
ool
sar
enor
enoughinor
derforeachstudenttohaveherofhi
sown.

Measur
ementisaff
ect
edbyl ackofski
l
lsbyst
udent
stouset
het
ool
sespeci
all
y
wher
eobsol
etetool
sareused.

Measur
ementisaf f
ect
ed byphy
sicalobst
ruct
ionsf
ori
nst
ancesuddenr
ain,
st
eepsl
ope,bui
l
dingsandmanyot
hers.

5. SAMPLI
NGMETHOD:

I
saprocesswher
eapor
ti
onorpar
tofawhol
eissel
ect
edorusedt
orepr
esentawhol
ein
t
hest
udy.

Adv
ant
agesofsampli
ng:
Sampli
ngsavesbothr
esour
cesandt i
me.Inmanycasesacompl
etecover
ageof
thewhol
epopulat
ioni
snotpossi
blebecauseoft
hel
imit
edti
meandresour
ces.

Samplingprov
idesfir
sthandinformat
ionandindet
ail
.Si
ncetheresear
cherhas
enought i
metogi vetoaf ew peopl
e,he/
shecanbeaskf orotherinf
ormat
ion
rel
atedtothetopi
candobj ect
ivesoft
hestudy
.

Fiel
dwor kstudi
esbasedonsampli
ngar
elessdemandi
nginter
msoflabour
requi
rementsbecauset
heyr
equi
reasmal
lpor
ti
onoft
hepopul
ati
onint
heareas
ofthestudy
.

Pr
obl
emsofsampling:
Lackofcomplet
erepr
esentati
onofthetar
getpopulati
on.Fori
nst
ancewhena
fi
shlandingsi
teisvi
sit
ed,manyoft heinter
viewedpeoplemaynotbef i
sh
mongersandthi
smayresul
tintogi
vi
ngofwronginfor
mat i
on.

Geogr
aphyDepar
tment2018
 Bi
asinselect
ioni
scommonsinceinmostcasesst
udent
sonl
yint
erv
iewpeopl
e
i
nthefi
eldwhoareint
erest
edi
nthei
rst
udy
.

Ther
ei satendencyofmissi
ngoni mport
antsub-gr
oupsespeci
all
yincases
wheresimpl
erandom ori
nci
dent
alsampli
ngisused;wher
estudent
sjustgoto
thef
iel
dandaskanyonewhocomesthei
rway.

I
nadequat
et ool
s e.
g.chemical
s especi
all
y wheretest
ing ofsubst
ances i
s
r
equir
edforexampl
etest
ingsoi
lpHorwatersali
nit
y.

6. SKETCHMAPDRAWI
NG:

Asket
chmapisal
ayoutoffeat
uresasseenfrom above.Itr
epresent
sthelocat
ionoft
he
ar
eaaswel
last
her
elat
ionshi
pbetweendi
ff
erentgeogr
aphicalphenomena.

Li
keanyot
hermap,asket
chmapshoul
dhav
ethef
oll
owi
ng:
Awellel
aborat
edt
it
le.
Fr
ame.
Akey
/label
spr
int
ed/
wri
tt
enont
hemap.
Compassdi
rect
ion.
Phy
sical
feat
uresmustbeshownbynames.
Landuset
ypesormanmadef
eat
uresmustbegi
ven.
Iff
iel
dworkhasbeencar
ri
edoutaroundt heschool
,thenameoftheschoolmust
appearonthesketchmape. g.A sketchmapshowi ngphy
sicalf
eatur
esand
humanfeat
uresar
oundKibul
iSecondarySchool.

St
epsf
oll
owedwhi l
edescr
ibi
ngorexplai
ningagi
venmet
hod:
Ident
if
ythemethod(i
fitwasnotgiv
en)
.
Def
inei
t.
Ex
plai
nhowi
twasused(
bebr
iefher
e).
Gi
veexampl
esf
rom t
hef
iel
d(i
nfor
mat
iongai
nedwhi
l
eusi
ngagi
venmet
hod)
.

Geogr aphicalsi
gni
fi
canceoft hefiel
dwor kst
udy :
I
nexpl aininggeogr
aphicalsi
gnif
icanceofthefiel
dwor kstudyast udentisexpectedtostat
e
thefindingsofthestudy.Thesignifi
canceofthefindi
ngsshoul dber el
atedtothet opi
cand
objecti
vesoft hest
udy;howeverstudentsshouldn'
trepeatobjecti
vesinthesefindings.

Thefi
ndi
ngsshoul dbeweighedagainsttheexi
sti
nggeogr
aphi
calf
act
sont
hegr
ound/
area
oft
hestudy.Thesemayber el
ati
onshipsbetween:
i
) Physicalandphy
sical
.
i
i
) Phy
sical
andhuman.
i
i
i) Humanandhuman.

Geogr
aphyDepar
tment2018
Forexample:(
Phy si
calt
ophy si
cal)
Throughobser
v at
ionweestabli
shedthatthegent
lesl
opesnor
thofKi
buliSecondar
ySchool
favouredt
heaccumul at
ionofdeepf er
ti
lesoil
s.Suchsoi
lsar
edeposi
tedt her
ebysurface
run-of
fdur
ingtherai
nseason.

Throughobser
vat
ionweest
abl
i
shedt hatl
ater
it
icr
ockswerefoundonKi
bulif
lattoppedhil
l
becauseit
sanareaofmaxi
mum leachingandsoi
lerosi
onexposedmostoftheselater
it
ic
rocks.

Throughobservat
ionwefoundoutthatMat
abaSwampSout
hEastofKi
bul
iSecondar
y
Schooli
slocat
edinNsambyaVal
ley
.

Humanandhumanact i
v i
ti
es:
Throughobser
v at
ionweest abli
shedthattheKibuli-MukwanoRoadtothewestofKibul
i
Secondar
ySchooli nf
luencedt helocat
ionofMukwanoFact or
y.Thi
senabl
est
ranspor
tat
ion
ofrawmateri
als,manuf act
uredgoodsandl abourcheapl
y.

Throughobservat
ionweest
abli
shedthatt
heKibuli-MbogoroadEastofKi
buliSecondary
Schoolinf
luencedthel
ocat
ionofKibul
iMarketthatof
fersgoodsandserv
icestonear by
set
tlements.

Physicalandhumanacti
vit
ies:
Throughobservat
ionweest abl
i
shedt hatthegent
leslopesandv al
leysout
hwestofKibul
i
SecondarySchoolfav
ouredset t
lementactivi
ti
ese.
g.t eachers'quart
ersandnei
ghbour
ing
communi ti
esarel
ocat
edint hegentl
eslopesandvall
eyar ea.

Problemsencount eredduringthefi
eldworkstudy:
Studentsmaygi vet hesepr obl
emsdependingont hemethodsusedduri
ngthefiel
dwork
studywhi l
egi
v i
ngpr acti
calexamplesfrom t
hefiel
dandshouldberel
atedtothetopi
cand
objecti
vesofthestudy .
Forinstancei
fthet opi
cis:
"Ast udyofthei nfl
uenceofsoi lstothegrowthoft eaatKasakuTeaEstat
ei nMukono
di
st r
ict
".

PROBLEMS:

Quest
ionnai
re:

Allquest
ionnai
reswhichwer
epostedbyKaany
iJosephgotlostontheway.
Theref
orewewer enotabl
et of
indoutt
hepr obl
emsfaci
ngt eaf
armingat
Kasaku.

Mr.ZansanzeandMs.Nj
orogedeli
ber
atel
yrefusedtoi
nfor
m ust
hei
nfl
uenceof
KasakuTeaEstat
etot
hesurroundi
ngenvi
ronment.

Observ ati
on:
Thisr eferstot he artofobt ai
ning i
nfor
mat i
on f
rom the f
iel
d by way ofident
ify
ing
geographicalphenomenonusi ngtheey es.Theproblemsweest abl
ishedwit
hi tar
e;we
fai
l
edt ocollecttheot hertypesofcr opsgr ownont heestate.Thisisbecauseahi l
l
obstr
uct edusfrom seei
ngt hosecrops.

Geogr
aphyDepar
tment2018
Recordi
ng:
Thisi
nvolvest
heuseofpensandpenci l
stowritedowninf
ormat i
onanddrawsketchmaps
anddiagr
amsf r
om thefi
eld.Wefai
ledtorecor
ddownt heinf
luenceofsoi
ltothegrowt
hof
teaatKasakubecausei
tbeganrai
ningsoaki
ngourpaperssowecouldnotrecord.

N.B:
Theproblemsstat
edshoul
dbegeogr
aphi
calandnotper
sonalf
orexampl
ehunger
,gott
ir
ed,
tooexpensi
ve,
boringet
c.

FOLLOW UPACTI
VITI
ES/
STAGES:

Thi
sistheacti
vi
tydonebyt
her
esear
cherwhenheorshecomesf
rom t
hef
iel
d.The
fol
l
owi
ngstepsar
etaken:

Analy
zingint
erpr
eti
ngandsor
ti
ngoutdat
ai.
e.sor
ti
ngoutt
her
elev
antdat
afr
om
i
rr
elevantdat
a.

Poli
shingupt hef
iel
dsket
chessuchascompl
eti
onofsket
chmaps,panor
amas,
l
inetransect
sandf i
l
li
ngupthet
ables.

Compar
ingi
nfor
mat
ionf
rom di
ff
erentgr
oupsandcomeupwi
thoneaccur
ate
i
nfor
mati
on.

Fi
nalrepor
twr i
ti
ngshowingwhatwasi
ncl
udedi
nther
epor
te.
g.t
het
opi
c,
obj
ect
ivesoft
hestudyet
c.

Dist
ri
buti
onofcopi
esoftherepor
ttostakehol
dersi.
e.peopl
ewi
thaut
hor
it
yin
theareaoft
hest
udye.
g.L.C.
Ichai
rmanoftheareaofthe

END

Geogr
aphyDepar
tment2018