Unit 4: PASSIVE VOICE

1. Thế nào là câu bị động?

EX: Somebody built this house in 1961 (active)→This house was built in 1961
(passive)

Câu bị động là câu mà một sự vật bị chi phối, tác động bởi hành động của con người. Vì vậy,
ta có quy tắc sau khi chuyển sang câu bị động:

+ Xác định S, V, O trong câu chủ động

+ Xác định thì của động từ

+ Đem O trong câu chủ động làm S trong câu bị động , và đem S trong câu chủ động làm tân
ngữ trong câu bị động

+ Chuyển V ở câu chủ động sang dạng Pii và thêm TO BE phù hợp với thì của câu

+ Thêm BY trước O trong câu bị động nếu S trong câu chủ động là tên riêng hay một sự vật
đặc biệt nào đó, còn những danh từ không rõ ràng như people, someone, anyone, I, we, they,
you, it…thì ta không cần BY: This house was built by my grandfather

2. Cấu trúc bị động cơ bản

Tenses Active voice Passive voice

Present simple S + Vs/es + O O + am/is/are + Pii + by S
Careless driving causes many Many accidents are caused by careless
accidents driving
Past simple S + Ved + O O + was/were + Pii + by S
Nam broke the glasses The glasses were broken by Nam
Present S + am/is/are + Ving +O O + am/is/are + being + Pii +by S
continuous The pupil isn’t doing some exercises Some exercises aren’t being done by the
pupil
Past S + was/were + Ving + O O + was/were + being + Pii + by S
continuous Nga was cooking dinner at 6 Dinner was being cooked by Nga at 6
yesterday yesterday
Present perfect S + have/has + Pii + O O + have/has + been + Pii + by S
The secretary has just finished the The report has just been finished by the
report secretary
Present perfect S + have/has + been + Ving + O O + have/has + been + being + Pii + by S
continous Joe has been eating candy too much Candy has been being eaten too much by
Joe
Past perfect S + had + Pii + O O + had + been + Pii + by S
Tom had found the key before 9 The key had been found by Tom before 9
yesterday yesterday
 Simple future S + will + V + O O + will + be + Pii + by S
Mrs Brown will not teach our class Our class will not be taught by Mrs Brown
Near Future S + am/is/are + going to + V + O O + am/is/are + going to + be + Pii + by S
We are going to visit HCM city next HCM city is going to be visited next week
week
Future perfect S + will + have + Pii + O O + will + have + been + Pii + by S
An will have written many Many compositions will have been written
compositions by An
Modal verbs S + may/might/must/ have to/ O + may/might/ must/ should..+ be + Pii +
should/ ought to + V + O by S
The students must do this test in
class This test must be done in class by the
students

3. Một số cấu trúc bị động đặc biệt khác

* S + V (like/hate/remember…) + smb + Ving → S + V (like/hate…) + being + PII

I don’t like people telling me what to do → I don’t like being told what to do
Steve hates people keeping him waiting → Steve hates being kept waiting

*S + have/get + smb + V/to V + smt→ S + have/get + smt + PII + by smb

I had him repair my car → I had my car repaired
I get her to make some coffee → I get some coffee made

*S + make/see + O + V + smt → O + be + made/seen + to V

They made us wait for two hours → We were made to wait for two hours

*S + need + V/ to V + smt → Smt + need + Ving / to be PII

I need charge my phone → My phone needs charging

He needs to complete this report →This report needs to be completed

*+ They/people + say/think/believe/consider/expect…. + that + SVO (present

simple/future simple)

→ It + be + said/thought/believed/considered/expected + that + SVO (present

simple/future simple)

→ S + be + said/thought/believed… + to V….

Ex: People say that Henry eats ten eggs a day

→ It is said that Henry eats ten eggs a day

 →Henry is said to eat ten eggs a day

+ They/people + say/think/believe/consider/expect…. + that + SVO (present/past

continuous)

→ It + be + said/thought/believed/considered/expected + that + SVO (present/past

continuous)

→ S + be + said/thought/believed… + to be Ving….

+ They/people + say/think/believe/consider/expect…. + that + SVO (past simple/past

perfect/present perfect)

→ It + be + said/thought/believed/considered/expected + that + SVO (past simple/past

perfect/present perfect)

→ S + be + said/thought/believed… + to have PII….

Ex: They thought that Mary had gone away

→ It was thought that Mary had gone away

→Mary was thought to have gone away