JAVA PROGRAMMING

Code : 05201201

MCA [ Semester-I ]
Faculty of IT & Compute Science
PARUL UNIVERSITY
Code : 05201201
UNIT-1 Introduction to Java
[Datatypes, Operators, Statements]

Lecture - 1
• Paradigms of programming languages,
• Evolution of OO methodology,
Paradigm of Programming Languages

• Since today, many programming styles have been

tried.
Such as
• modular programming,
• top-down programming,
• bottom-up programming and
• structured programming.

• When computers were first invented, programming

was done by manually toggling in the binary machine
instructions.
• As long as programs were just a few hundred
instructions long, this approach worked.

• As programs grew, assembly language was

invented to deal with larger, increasingly complex
programs by using symbolic representations for
machine instructions.

• As programs continued to grow, high-level

languages were introduced that gave the
programmer more tools.
• Computer language innovation and development occurs
for two fundamental reasons:
■ To adapt to changing environments and uses
■ To improve the art of programming

Major Programming Paradigms

Imperative [First do this then do that ]

Logical [Answer a Question via search
for a solution.]
Functional [views all subprogams as a
functions]
Object-Oriented [real-world objects are each
viewed as seperate entities]
Modern Programming Era begins with: C
• C was a direct result of the need for a structured,
efficient, high-level language.

• Prior to C,
• FORTRAN was not very good for systems code.

• BASIC wasn’t very powerful, and its lack of structure

so not very useful for large programs.

• ASSEMBLY lang. was not easy to learn or use

effectively. Further, debugging assembly code can be
quite difficult.
C is considered as a beginning of the modern age of
computer languages.

• It solved the troubles from earlier languages

• C is a powerful, efficient, structured language that is

relatively easy to learn.

• Prior to the invention of C,

• computer languages were generally designed either as
academic exercises or by bureaucratic committees.

• C was designed, implemented, and developed by real

working programmers.
Evolution of OO Methodology
• Even with structured programming methods, if a
project reaches a certain size, it becomes complex.

• To solve this problem, a new way to program was

invented, called object-oriented programming (OOP).

• OOP methodology that helps organize complex

programs through the use of inheritance,
encapsulation, and polymorphism.
• Simula  Smalltalk  C++  Java  Visual J++ 
C# .NET