OVERVIEW OF

ORAL CAVITY
CONTENTS:

❑ORAL CAVITY

❑TONGUE

❑SALIVARY GLANDS
ORAL
CAVITY
 MOUTH
❑ Lips

❑Mouth Cavity
➢ Vestibule: Lies b/w the Lips & the Cheeks
externally & the Gums & the Teeth internally
➢ Mouth Proper:
✓ Roof: Hard & Soft Palate
✓ Floor: Inferior Surface of the Tongue &
Sublingual Fold Sublingual
Absorption of
Drugs
TEETH
❑ Deciduous
▪ 20 in Number
▪ 8 Incisors
▪ 4 Canines
▪ 8 Molars

❑ Permanent
▪ 32 in Number
▪ 8 Incisors
▪ 4 Canines
▪ 8 Premolars
▪ 12 Molars
FLOOR OF MOUTH
ROOF OF MOUTH
BLOOD SUPPLY
NERVE SUPPLY
TONGUE
 TONGUE
❑Massof Striated Muscle covered with
Mucous Membrane

❑Attachments
➢ Above ….. Styloid Process & Soft Palate
➢ Below ….. Mandible & Hyoid Bone
 PARTS OF THE
TONGUE
❑ Root, a Body, an Apex,

❑ Dorsal Surface & an

Inferior Surface

❑ Margins of the Tongue

is related, on each side
to the Lingual Gingiva &
Lateral Teeth
DORSUM OF TONGUE
INFERIOR SURFACE
 MUSCLES OF THE
TONGUE
❑Intrinsic Muscles
o Confined to the Tongue
o Are not attached to the Bone
o Longitudinal, Transverse & Vertical Fibers

❑Extrinsic Muscles
o Attached to Bones & the Soft Palate
INTRINSIC MUSCLES
❑Consists of Longitudinal, Transverse &
Vertical

❑Origin: Median Septum & Submucosa

❑Insertion: Mucous Membrane

❑Nerve Supply: Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

❑Action: Alter shape of Tongue
EXTRINSIC MUSCLES
❑Genioglossus: Fan shaped Muscle & forms
main bulk of the Tongue

❑Hyoglossus: Thin Quadrilateral Muscle

❑Styloglossus: Originates from Styloid Process

& Stylohyoid Ligament

❑Palatoglossus: Originates from Palatine

Apponeurosis
 ARTERIAL SUPPLY
❖Lingual A.

❖Tonsillar
Branch of
Facial A.

❖Ascending
Pharyngeal A.
 VENOUS DRAINAGE
❖Dorsal Lingual V.
❖Deep Lingual V.
❖Sublingual V.

❖All these Lingual

V. terminate in
the Internal
Jugular Vein (IJV)
 LYMPH DRAINAGE
❑ Tip:
❖Submental Lymph Nodes

❑ Sides of anterior 2/3:

❖Submandibular & Deep Cervical Lymph
Nodes

❑Posterior 1/3:
❖Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes
SENSORY INNERVATION
❑ Anterior 2/3:
➢ Lingual N. (CN V3)
➢ Chorda tympani N.
(CN VII)

❑ Posterior 1/3:
➢ Glossopharyngeal N.
(CN IX)
➢ Vagus N. (CN X)
MOTOR INNERVATION

HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE PROTUSION

MOVEMENTS OF THE
TONGUE
Depression:
Hyoglossus

Elevation:
Styloglossus
&
Palatoglossus
 ELEVATION

RETRACTION:
PROTRUSION:
Styloglossus &
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus

DEPRESSION

❑Shape Changes: Intrinsic Muscles

 CLINICAL NOTES:
❖Laceration of the
Tongue
❑Blow on Chin
❑Tongue Bite during
▪ Eating
▪ Recovery from Anesthetic TONGUE DEVIATION

▪ Epileptic attack

❖ Hypoglossal Nerve
Injury
SALIVARY
GLANDS
 PAROTID GLAND
➢ Largest Salivary Gland, mostly of Serous Acini

➢ Lies in a deep hollow below the External Auditory

Meatus, behind the Ramus of the Mandible, & in
front of the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle

➢ Facial
Nerve divides the gland into Superficial &
Deep Lobes

➢ Parotid Bed
 PAROTID BED
• Temporomandibular Joint
SUPERIORLY • Tympanic Bone
• Cartilaginous Portion of the External Acoustic Meatus

• Pharyngeal Wall
MEDIALLY • Carotid Sheath
• Structures originating from the Styloid Process

• Ramus of the Mandible flanked by the Masseter &

ANTERIORLY Medial Pterygoid Muscles

• Mastoid Process
POSTERIORLY • Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
• Posterior Belly of the Digastric Muscle
 STRUCTURES PASSING
THROUGH PAROTID GLAND
NERVE SUPPLY OF PAROTID
GLAND
 SIALOGRAM-PAROTID DUCT

➢ Parotid duct emerges from the Anterior Border of the

Gland & passes forward over the Lateral Surface of the
Masseter; enters the Vestibule of the Mouth upon a Small
Papilla opposite the Upper Second Molar Tooth
 MUMPS
▪ Rubella Viral Infection in Childhood
▪ Inflammation of Parotid Gland
▪ Tender & swollen Parotid Gland
▪ Subsides after a Week
▪ May also involve Submandibular & Sublingual
Glands
 SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND
➢ Mixture
of Serous &
Mucous Acini

➢ Lies
beneath the
Lower Border of the
Body of the Mandible

➢ Divided into
Superficial & Deep
Parts by the
Mylohyoid Muscle
STONE IN SUBMANDIBULAR DUCT
 SUBLINGUAL GLAND
➢ Mucus secreting, Almond-shaped

➢ Liesunder the Mucous Membrane of the Floor of

the Mouth, against the Sublingual Fossa of the
Mandible

➢ Raises the Sublingual Fold in the Floor of the

Mouth

➢ 15 or so Ducts ~ Half open into the

Submandibular Duct, the remainder separately
on the Sublingual Fold
➢ ArterialSupply:
o Supplied by the Lingual Artery & by Branches
of the Submental Artery

➢ VenousReturn:
o Corresponding Veins

➢ Nerve Supply:
o Postganglionic Parasympathetic
Secretomotor Fibres are supplied to the
Gland by the Lingual Nerve; they originate
from the Submandibular Ganglion where
Preganglionic Chorda Tympani Fibers
synapse
 SECRETOMOTOR (PARASYMPATHETIC)
INNERVATION OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS
 CLINICAL NOTES:
❖Frey’s Syndrome
❑Baillarger's/ Dupuy's/ Auriculotemporal
Syndrome

❑RareNeurological Disorder
❑Gustatory Sweating

❑Resulting from damage

➢to or near the Parotid Glands
➢to the Auriculotemporal Nerve often from
Surgery
 REFERENCES:
❑Clinical Anatomy By Regions By RICHARD
S. SNELL, Latest Edition
❑LAST’S Anatomy By CHUMMY S.
SINNATAMBY, Latest Edition
❑Clinically Oriented Anatomy By KEITH L.
MOORE & ARTHUR F. DALLEY, Latest
Edition
❑GRAY’S Anatomy, Latest Edition
❑GRAY’S Anatomy For Students, Latest
Edition