= Frasers 7) ee = Joe ihalantiiois colt gre é 6 fF ©) Giardia Jamblia i) Bauanoeta colt Which of the following protozoan infections is likely to be re sindiagnosed for Helicobacter pylort infection? @ Sa 2B an 1} Giandissis > Ags we &) Pesitoncel Ammosbinats —~ ) Genitourinary amoebiasis 14, The lifecycle of Leishmania alkene ig same as that of Leishmania donovant just that the earlier parasite multiply in macrophages of the... a) Brain Skin. intestines 4) Lungs IS. Which of the Sitowiae stage of Balantiaium coli is ‘predominantly found in ie stools? ay UE ae ¢) Bothazndb d) Sporozoites 16. Which of the following is not a reservoir host for Lieshmania spp? a) Dogs b) Juckals ©) Fox Ore 17. What is the major mode of transmission o? Ucishmaniasis? A. Blood transfusion. ie Bite of the female anopheles mosquito. Sexual contact Boiectieineaes female sandy —~ drug of chove for the treatment of Leishmaniasis’?bE OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES ff {Z- ( MID FIRST SEMESTER QUIZ 1 (2021/2022) ‘ BMD. 503 — IMMUNOLOGY (2 CREDITS) Time: 30 mins ANSWER AL! QUESTIONS |20 MARKS) carefully before you select any option, euch Wrong answer attracts 4, mar eaves uestions you have no ides, 5 1, Allithe following, are truc about antibodies except? | J ‘ | = a) Receptors on lymphocytes ~ | b) Class of serum proteins called gamma immunoglobulins } ©) Bind to aysigens Argeffectors of the cell mediated immunity : 2. serum is said to have a high titer, when oo is larger number of . @ alphaimmunoglobulins — -F ~ c= b) antibodies specific for a particular antigen f~ ¢) antigen-antibody complex. M< & rut »> @) antigens specific for particular antibodies ie 3, Antibody molecules can be readily divided Sito small number of distinct classes based on a) Concentration ay enains are present 2 iM d) Hinge Region © Which ImmunogloF uli h “alin has the highert 0 Passi 5 highest concentration prior +b) leM IgD logical memory is provided to birthF Pe ae ig wd Hiller are low sgh pte a pont " (a) ostenteuin (() (eno sero fo (2 chetwhines | pone tee lin tires {2 fityrpheyter nature i the (dive (Googe (a) Borie: rratrow (b)rhyrmas — (c) spleen 13, A peinflamnatery cytokine produced by sroerophnge in the cougnelane O° ee associated molecular pattern (PAMPS) called (a) interferon gana rampour necrosis factor alpha 9° (oy chemokine-| = (@) tymptokine -1 t vRe (c)interleukin-| os et 4 sic which ofthe following is nota component of pathogen recognition ecePeS (PRRs) (a) Macrophages (b) Dente ells oe (¢) Mast cells Gorn (@ none of the above 15, the mierobinl component on gram positive and negative bacteria that causes spc shock to proce proinflammatory cytokine is known a8. (@) defessin () APOBECG (cell wall Ores (© peptidoglycan 16. which ofthe following ine does NOT result in inflammation,A. ‘The phase is known as tho erythrocytic phase of malaria. The merozoites go throug! se £ruor. Ny The innate immune response is ... A. specific fat. 2’ of ii one of the following is a feature of innate immunity: no memory Differentiates into cytotoxic cells cere Antibody production D. Response to self antigens © Which one of the following is a function of the complement system? A. The membrane attack complex causes osmotic lysis. B. Detect and respond to a wide variety of pathogens. ‘C. Distinguish between self and foreign molecules. ). Eradicate established infections.F elans| oom euossegee praliferasiin Ih ome macrow? 47 Which eytokine intice antiviral proteins to protect 36 INF-aipha and INF-beta produc: Mie activation of B cells is most efficient when they ... ; ‘are cross linked with mitogenic antigens such as LPS B. receive activation signals from macrophages via CD40 ligand t activation signals from T cells via CD40 ligand p bacterial polysaccharides derived from the capsules of patho ven ¢ for different epitopes on the same antigen, ... pind to each other through idiotypic interactions idiotypes independently of their antigenic specificity lar idiotypes if the antigenic epitopes cross-reactBMD 306: MOLECULAR BIGLCer QUIZ 3 (REDEMPTION) DURATION: 30 MINUTES CHOOSE AN. APPROPRIATE ANSWER TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS SY CUNTAING ANSWERS CLEARL L_DNA nuclootides have three components. Which one df these 6 NOT part of a DMA nucleotide? A. Phosphate #: Deonvabcaasugar = Orvosesuear, a oe. D. A nitrogenous base 2, When considering DNA replication, thebest way to describe it is @Semi-conservative (half old, hgif ) 8. Conservative (original remains, a new one js formed) €. Semi-permeable (letting some molecules through) 0. Non-permeable (not letting some molecules through) 3. In DNA replication, the enzyme responsible for untwisting & ‘unzipping’ the DNA strands Tihs @ielicase & gyrase {typo iinexs€ \ B. Ligase C. DNA Polymerase II D. Primase 4, During DNA Replication, a short segment of RNA must form before DNA synthesis can begin. This is done by which enzyme? A. Helicase & gyrase B.DNA Polymerase IIae — sractivation without T cell hey, wee ict ons iwi 7. Th a situation where an anrtigee oceurs by. 7 Brrytokino secretion B '® Boreceptor cross linking antibody secretion HC tigation inflammation? 8. Which of these characteristics are show" during inf swell or, 4 A B Gb heat T 1D pain / o Gretna i oy Cra Q| Ic Gove" depron ee Cc O tigen invasion 10. Granules ret i Dat at eased by ... causes oxidative burst in infected Cells, E Natural ler cit oa iSK flelicawe Wigyiate BLDNA Poiymarasw Citas Orrimay 7 phosphowiester 6 Anew Manse seated of DA forms when nucleatides are linked together by Ne whayrie that enables this Is.-. A Halleare & gyrase ' c == }. DNA polymerase ov Mertto® D.RNASEH(ONA polymerase i) ~ jspeed tp the copying of DNA & make siire it happens correctly prevent annealing (closipg) of Unzipped’ DNA and increase processivity ‘ensure that any errors in copying are excised before thoy become permanent pring the correct nucleotides to their corcect complementary partners ag DNA transcription, only one strand is copied. This strand is the 3-5! strand, and is. .. Strand. nuous manner, This strand ied in asmooth, contiyornne lt 4 A. Lartet B Chosen CG Alterra D Talacennnittoy 5 A method or gusting antigen mumi= 00 8 solid) surfave ast speci with a covalently oie ennye bs OWT A A. Bxeymne-Linked tenmmmunoreohsiaye Aeay SB. Bazyne-Linked temuncsorbent ASSY © Enzyme-Linked Iman Assay D. Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay Techniques 6 The specific portion of cromolect tar antigen to which an antibody binds is termed A. heavy chain, B. light chain Ne. epitope D. hapten ofthese is nota component of he innate immu’ system? Stee Meniet sn, PAMPS and DAMPS are recognized byte:FIRST SEMESTER QUIZ.1 (20 Mares) \ Ankwer all questions on the question paper (30 minutes) Choose the appropriate answer («) from options Avo D provided te each + questionfor an wnswer for questions 1 mw Tt Why dendrite cellddescriifd as most efficient? Beeause ® Jehas receptor# for capturing and reacting to microbes. CO) functions are mediated by interactions with other célls- itdestroys extracellular microbes. . Ithas not bind to foreign microbes BS b 2. Asuibstance that thvokes both the innate and adaptive immune system fs called .. A, aphagosome ahapten z b Bee ge adjuvant Hoos S D. animmunogen. rh & 3, Which three of tlrese are receptors on the dendritic cell? ‘Mannose receptor” IgD rece BS 4 fer reo no C38 Z crecept — TS a part(s) of the body where der-dritic cells are located. pret. AGB a -D.lungswere TIME ALLOWED: 2 HOURS SECTION A (40 MARKS) Choose the most appropriate lettered option lettered A-E to answer questions 1-20 The following parasites are transmitted by mosquitoes except: . Leishmania donovani Wucheroria bancrofti ‘ a . Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium falciparum éra Q 8 Plasmodium knowlesi Sporozoite, ring-stage, trophozoite, merozoite, schizont, gametocyte i e, schizont, gametocyte, trophozoite ag-staye, tophozoite, schizont ge, gametocyte, trophozoite, schizont hozoite, schizont, gametocyte . , merozoite, ring-! . Sporozoite, gemet . Sporazoite, merozoite, ring- . Sporozoite, merozoite, ring-stage, trop! A B. Cc. D. E. The correct sequence of life cycle stages of Plasmodium species inside humans is: A. B. C. D. E. An organism that lives independent of a host, but may occasionally be parasitic under cert: conditions is a/an: A. Erratic parasite B. Obligate parasite C. Facultative parasite D. Accidental parasite E. Ectoparasite The stage of a parasite that invades a host body and colonize it is: A. Vegetative 3. Latent °. Trophozoite/ ). Juvenile Z. Infective loxoplasma gondii infection is acquired through ingestion of the following except: A. tissue cysts in undercooked pork les contaminated with oocysts ‘oocysts ed meat contaminated with sporozoites aA fe antigen duu Hntre® bp. polysaccharides. e ten > Ve ininale tcamneatte 899 Pe : Hi sctivwes the adaptive: Inmune syst B_ produces antibodies. C. develops immune memory’ nism that prot D. is specific. . cesses in an Orgs & A system of many biological structures and pro known as ‘A. immunology. B, imanunity. C. immune system. D. adaptive immunity. 9, Which of these is not a function of the immune system? ‘A. Distinguish between self and foreign molecules. B. Prevent infection. C. Eradicate established infections. D. Produce microorganisms. 5 10. Which one of these barriers produces antitacterials and collectins? = Menor D. Biological AL The innate immune regulatory Processes include . Inflammation, Phagocytosis, Normal flora, Inflammation, s, Normal flora, T Cel] activation, Complement, B cell activation, microbes are legms.CSb and CF (C4 and Ca 52 Lnck of C8 or C9 in serun may expoxe an imtiviedenl ie va A. bacmophilus influenza ‘iii B, Bacillus anthrax C. Vibrio choler SD. Neisseria 43. Inflammation reaction is brought about by A, plasma cells SB. mast cells or . macrophages D. dendritic cells whe & 34. Inflammatory response becomes activated during ‘A. B cell activation ie B. Tissue damage ©. T cell proliferation D. Antibody mediation nce developed in an individual ssa result of antigenic stimulus is | natural immunity e acquired immunity e acquired immunity [I types are responsible for attacking and killing cancer cells?The ar Coding portions of fn transcrigtion are cata must contro! gene expression will always be expressed od will never be express canbe corrected x sn which nucleic acids are ¢ gnstructes. jorm the “building blocks”! tin DNA? presentpatches within the nucleus I chromosomes Ze a strands of duplicated ge: ngllc) sfaterial (chromosome) otic nuclei d of DNA has the folowing sequence ‘of bases: ATC GTC TIC AAG What sequence make up the otffer strand ‘of DNA? ation -experimen's 1, ‘changed into DNAel no _- A, DNA polymerase mm i¥\ Cras wor @ Gret_— 2: Without origin of replication, DNA cannot be replicated in the cell @twe of Se B. False 3: Which of the following is NOT a cloning vector? A. Bacterial plasmid B. Cosmids Q@ppacterionhage < ppecol v 4; Cloning vector bas the following Pro! A. Contain genetic marker for selection erties, except on ec? B. Ability to replicate : oo nonesseal DNA optimize cloning - site for entry of DNA(elect the most appropeiite atecnsnty Hot you ahould ‘ty eo, deduce the sept he Wan ex 9 tly s ttiverst hen thie foie opstinns 8 000 anawees ace choien fot 4 yng ‘quTeOi, then the questZinn te eed} ED, 5.400 my and » TD. of 1600 sti the therepeutt: inde sys 1200 sip, 400% +h "s oS BABSG tis cisitm cs BG) poreacy Wreticacy 2 latency points that ts g A crater thin that of c= thug A fete eater: of action is cefe Menor ad to one drug results is tolerance co ano! effect’due to previous exposure ‘ j ezine of giene y cling over avery short pei a, _due to previous expos sa living onganisent es in living 0°3; sya processes in bingAY dhilfsas thong the cprosat to mort =o) sicnulates protein kinaie C activity. Serulares reloxse of stored IP, f, ee ti atype ofideug that: Cc has abtusigy foe a receptor but littl: efficacy =P Oo R binds to a teceptor and activates it efficacy but low affinity decreases the concentration of an agonist required to produrean.efiecs g tothe dingram to the right, drug A:ANSWER ALL QL 4 (40 MINS For cadh question indicate whether the answers are True CF) or Pale (1 Answer all on question paper _— kL Rogarding Chagas’ dixease 2 brucei complex Fer lee fa Ttis caused by Trypanesoma BB. Human acquires the disease via the bites of infected sandflies folic FC. Ir causes megasyndrome in patients with prolonged illness Fals ef D. The most common clinical manifestation is Winterbottom’ sigh VaR B.Ibean be diagnosed by detedting the promastigote in the spleen fa se or ist 2. This isaclinical feature of African trypanosomia = ZA. Winterbottom’s siga ' B. Chag Fal =e D. Onchocercoma 5 ee a \er* £ B. Romana’s sign False,~ 3. This parasite causes ralabeortion sire: Truk 7 A. Giardia lamblia B. Cryptosporidium parvum ae % C. Strongyloides stercoralis F D. Balantidium coli Fal “a & E. Trichuris richiura Foals 4. This parasite causes 1601 FA. Loaloa Fale X! TB. Leishmania tropica W EC. Drichuris srichiura = £D. Ancylostoma braziliénse FalteA 1 eE Onchocerca volvulus Falsee 7 bral lesions in AIDS patients: 5 5. This parasitic disease causes4 FA. Amocbiasis Fabs bt B. Cystoisosporiasis jlasmosis | em Faleatari (te Won ‘of plasinoatbc tat Fe trasiarnitnd RT TE ) oe 1, Gamemey'= one nse Fe Hypowaele dexoribes! 414 rote year ete spipnosporidiurn originally A. 1? fit - © 1900 ‘ ye p. 1897 BB le splasmosis through the following except: ‘A Congenital/ransplacental transmission parasite cysts in uni ked meat { food containing cat-shed oocysts fwater containing: cat-shed oocysts B. Ingestion 0 C. Ingestion of D. Ingestion E, Ingestion of meat The right order of the life ‘A. oocyst, tissue cyst, tac! B. zygote, oocyst, gamete, C. tachyzoite, gamete, tissue D. gamete, tachyzoite, zygote, E. tissue cyst, zygote, tachyzoite, oocyst, 17. An animal disease which can be transmitted to humans is!» evele stages of Toxoplasma gondil\s hyzolte, gamete, zygote tachyzoite, tissue cyst cyst, oocyst, zygote ‘oocyst, tissue cyst gamete A. Zoonosis B, Endemic C. Enzootic D. Anthropogenic E. Infectious 8, A parasite that infects a host other than the usual host is a/an ... ‘A. Pseudoparasite B. Obligatory parasite C. Facultative parasite D. Accidental parasite E. Hyperparasite ria : Si , A parasite that in all its life cycle stages permanently parasitizes a host, without free living stages: e Endoparasite C. Temporary parasite i goa parasite~/ a) ¥ te, meront, oocyst, zygote, merozoite, gamete ite, gamete, meront, merozoite, zygote meront, merozoite, gamete, zygote gamete, meront, ‘oocyst, sporozoite ir the phases involved in the Cryptosporidium life cycle is:AH rs| oom aye inh 1 fovencutatare ducing jnflanunation [fxr 17, dhe enthawinge ate eb! (x) vasodilation (py hyngxia (cp inpertesis # (d) margination (¢) increased vascular peerattil and processes inan organism that protect against q jg, A system of biological structs fa collection of molecules, cells and tissues that mediate the resistance of infection BB vassersse+ (3) immunity (b) immunology ? (@Pimanane syst 4 (@ immunization (© immune response 19, Normal flora # i ity through which o mun vg in humans confer immunity through which of the im ological b: nu arr 1) P {a) biochemical @bivosc ~~ sical (d) mechanical _(¢) physiological1. One type oF eytokine sani (hibit he acteon Of the other 10: 636 protwin.. during enmplernent activation A. forins membrane altivh complex “SB, coats microbes to promote phagocytosis Crcleaves C1q in the plasma 1, lyses infected cette 11. The cardinal signs of inflammation include the following, except. A. heat im Weston 12. Which of the following is not a function of the immune system? It .. A. detects and response to a wide variety of pathogens B. prevents infection \. ©. eradicates established infections D. cannot injure cells and induce pathologic inflammation 1o microbes activates which complement pathway? 13. The binding of IgM and IpGt A. Lectin pathway NB. Classical pathway hs ¢ ‘Alternative pathway D. Opsonization pathway features is not exhibited by cytokines ‘the followingB. membrane attack complex. C. C-reactive protein \ D2 antigen concentration IR Noa fick nave responses is mediated BY---& “et fh se only found ia himane FRA : fF can be killed by boiling the water 17 4s confirmed through ultrasound that hy, on ig thought to be due to an tnfectic), ani whieh causes this congenity) A 24-ycarokd woman at 32 weeks gern fens had hystrocephily. This clinical man#fe acquired during her current pregnancy The ¢ © Six months afier a 2-week vacation in the countryside in central India, a 22-year-o|,) female patient developed irregular fever with chills and rigors, abdominal discomfo;: with beparosplenomegaly. These clinical manifestations are thought to be due to a» sefection mequired via insect bite. The likely organism to cause these clinical manifestanons is - A. Trypanosoma crti Tr Fi lio Fale i ¥ © Lethoanic donovan! False FD. Faxoplemme gondii F; ££ ee Swelling Of the ae ss Presented with mows Thypanosey With’ Severe regional “ach }nucei. The treatment of a aof he 6 Pech cee write ve mA (3) lysoayme (©) antibacterial tic acids 7. Which of the followin i# nit funotion of the tmmune system (a) Detect anid response to 8 wile variety of pathonens and foreign —-oleciles (b) Distinguish betwoen self (©) Prevent infection (6) Fadicate stabs infections ; (Govern ni tio —” (@pp tosis, (&) Inflammation (€ Complement -(@) antiviral defense (© none of the above 9. the binding of IyM and IgG to microbes to or 7tae Oe At ee ee nT aL TEAR EOCENE a SS me Goh Qh i aaa 1h wri SOOT Toe Sane a ton) a — terntan,, Aton, ©. reverse 1. 1n transe, TL OQ Meccrnn,, 8. AACEGATTAr,, Mt of of DNA, x cod 8 AACGGATTATAT would be transcribed te es BACEGAUUAL Ay 4 D. HUGCCUAR UAL, 12, Whi ere in the coli loe: 8s trans Ohe nucte ~ ug On of DNA ‘occur? _ B.The cytoplasm _C. The ribosome |. The Golgi apparatus Mea i) - Where in t! he cell does translation of mRNA h appen? The nucleus The cytoplasm ‘ ribosome mitochondria dels that demonstrated that and Crick built mo e same structure RNA have thi ‘of two strands that (wis is with adenine to a double helix hydrogen bone fhydroge” bonds with cytosine1 Tie fypuire bulow domo dienyl eyelase skew, pececiyy Aponint Mooopegs Fi me feserding ATP « adenosine Pog = oe UA ~ atimutaiory G prota iphtschate: cAMP a EAS = Ser) actionWhisti of the following can be termed a8 1) Restiction endonuclease + met DNA ligase + meiylase Restriction emfonuclease + |. DNA ligase + safes a I> Which ofthe following is te about estictin endonuctenves? ‘Type | and I requires ATP to move along DNA ype | 1 and IF requires ATP to plove along DNA DNA within recognition sequence “TP and cleaves DNA within recognition sequence © Type I requires A of the following enzymes’ combined action: Jeads to the generation | of sticky ends vector? and terminal transferase il and alkaline tase ease and terminal transferase se Hl and terrainal transferase vector contains how many ‘elements? erro cules, whieh of aplasnid the chemicals meale 1 DNA1 The wath S contain 7 Soniaining recombinant plasmid av eal woh sravest cals \1. The ch i Extra hromoncml, serplinting, loved, slic sianed and cieular DNA ecules generally termed ms A. Chromosome: 7 © Miesmid C Genomic DNA. D. Bacteriophage e 18. Reorl isa A. DNATigaenzyme a& Restriction endoncoags- €& C. A-veotor used for insulin synthesis D, Aplasmid used asa vector 19. What is a DNA library? ‘A. ADNA fragment inserted into ¢ vector B.A general collection ofall gones sequenced thus far ©. AI DNA fragments identified with a probe © Acaltecion of wa fragmepithat make up the entire genome of particular organésm 20, Which of the following enzyme is required for ‘end to end joining of DNA? DNA ligase By Restriction endonuclease CRNA polymerase D. DNA polymerase 21e The polyadenylation és a post transcription modification that stabilizes the mRNA and . The consensus PolyA sequence is in mRNA and the process is known 9s spi ae splicing. The “iueleopoteins tat execute spicing prcessiscalled- nea ee NS. ON A all questions in this SRCTI LON. Es : WN. Choose the most appropriate option (A ion (A Dy 1 isthe fie rep) ot enzyme te load on at the origin igin of repilicaticin polymerase III ‘the following pair of bases are pyrimidines? = wi é rt OR true about: the genetic material” gative charge is due 10 the 2? deoxyribose ‘and sugars is a glyeosylic bond both nucleotides and nucleosides : 1ot provide evidence for DNA as the genetic material? ieular to the long axis of the molecule synthesis of enzymes and proteins elity but yet show Jow fevel of mutation best descibe transcription? cdg in the 5 4? direction the3'— §? direction ithe 5" direction phosphate groupwert eae we MULTIPLE, COMPLETION TTEMS lteter bn this deetion (C)33-11) eovnsiits of either s question or an mo aera ttaement fil mative anawees or enmnplitaviis, smumbeerd (ij, (d) and (ii) of which : ctily savas the queition © aly cone pace th select the altcenatees which eatent. Use the following cous to ste ei appropatte rerpe 4£ Q),(W and (Ui) ace concer and.(i) only are cortect Gi} only ate coerectwo 16. What nan, A. Templar. MPIECS OF Diy, Be Continuo arth 17. What nay dee ; Complementarity ci; i ; u rib ity of NA. top! A. Fingerprint, sii B) Propizerdin: “Housekceping D, Cleaving 18. What units does RNA polymer ae ase join together during ae Deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates . Ribonucleoside triphosphates prokaryotic RNA leotide triphosphates eotide triphosphates short strand of RNA or DNA that serves as.a starting point for DNA Re Menton 20. Which of the following is not true about regulatory genes? Ap Chey may occur at one end of a structural gene. They may occur between promoter-operator sequences and their structural penes C. They are composed of nucleotide sequences that are not interrupted by non-coding sequences They may occur at some distance from the gene-coding start site. CTION B ; i ovide short answers to the following questions re 4 ‘ks 21. List four properties of a gene. — 4 mes 22. State the semiconservative model of DNA replication 2 3. The addition of a nucleotide requires energy. Explain i “energy is acquired for the incorporation of anew nucleotide oy into a growing strand of DNA. co ypeptide : . ! ie wish Aa structural genes and regulatory gene. i _ the formation of a nucleotide. oS Lenothesi:H. Selec Stable marker Chinn Single cloning DeSemall in Site Basi tec am Hechaiques, A Souiions boi A technique 'miaie for the detection of proteins inumobilined on ummeanbrane At @ technique for the detection of DNA immobilized on a membrane Sf Atechni fA tebe forthe detection ot RNA in solution 7 DA technique for the detection of enzymes in solution 7 Advanced vectors. What is the difference between a PAC and a BAG? A. One is a plasmid-hased vector and the other is derived from a yeast chromosome 5. One is derived from bacteriophage Fi aud Gne is derived from bauleriophage BY © One is derived from the £ coli F-plasmid and one iselerived from bacteriophage P! D. One is used for cloning and one is used for Protein synthesis B. BamHI HindIlt a polydeoxyribonucleot ine ae 9. Which of the following enzymes responsible for making a DNA copy from RNA? Reverse transcriptase 8. Which of the following does not act as a restriction enzyme? anes A. Ecorl j yOll rot wt fet oh Molarcomention il are 2 respons wher it lt Aig is given in tie preseane of fixed doseof drug ¥. Drag ¥ cliciss sur pivemalone: “Die expecinicatal aputern ts nnidegaa Bath thtaneontains a pice idole. Drug ¥ in this figure isn 4). Compatitive antagonist of vaseul eh below ee four different transmembrane signaling meclunisns for drugs and Jhich OF the followlag gents will act ‘a mechani 1 tn the figure above ©b, Log-dose responue curve QuantaLgtaph Sohittf plot 9,- Therapeutic index is uvet! to estimate the ofa dmg. a. Potency af o, Aiffcctiveness @. Therapeutic effect 10, Invreversible competitive antagonism __ = a jeacy is reduced when agonist concentration is increased © Aitity and efficacy are maintained ‘¢. Affinity remains the same, but efficacy is reduced Affinity is reduced but efficacy is maintained at increased agonist concentralix 11. In non-competitive antagonism. ‘2. Affinity and efficacy are maintained b. Affinity is reduced but efficacy is maintained Bs jty and efficacy are reduced is reduced but affinity is maintained 12. In physiological anmgonism -@), 1s at the same receptor site B. ‘Drugs produce similar physiological effects Both drugs act at different sites MR dk. Asyneergistic effect is produced 13. Which of the following is true about tachyphylaxis? in ashort period of time Tt develops over a long period of time ¢ It increases receptor sensitivity Drugs become more selective t increases receptor sensiti d. Drugs become more onws. ee eer chernical that affects biological processes aN) substance given by a modical professional to trent a eh ie majority of receptors are located on @ cal'sveaces ; ow oat RNA f Mle © Rr. @ DNA + gonist or inhibits the afan sopenous lipaets thavincecact with membrane integrated iow channels and ° Peedi sbaxsirtfea meats of block) fthe follosring antencell ular 1m coupled receptors; cAMP Dincylglycerot (O. fnositol wiphosphare (IP) la(6) of second messenger effect(s) incense in CAMP intracellular concentration ‘b) change fh inteacellulac cilchum concen! tration 1g) phosphoinositide effects py all the above ancueal sources ate alkaloids exeept all the following ex=tpt ‘pfuitug inform ion should provideb) Ding fh f § Dar 6 d) Dag 2 7 rt © 23) ‘Thepoint onchrsctenatic ofthe dose resporee curve © how Btloo) davis uscd to dofine daug potency is B potency “¢_ ). Palnt a b) BYetopr) <4 Poinee” yg Daint {> epotaror chatactesiatie om the graph below thar in ‘ened an afin drug efficney ix @ Pomea gh Beles} — RolneG AF Moin Sfoqane | Mp —tme oa toes)iplion, like DNA. replication, proceeds in \! eAdllowing is not true about DNA replication Hirtious replication on the S'—3" template prowiites tls OH> prim Cdintjninows replication on the 3 * template provides the OLL pr © Discontinuous replication ‘on the 5’=3" {emplate provides the OH- prime > 8. Discontinvous replication on the 3-5" template pravist ON: pr 9, in Which molecule ate the bases covalently attached to the 0 D. Phosphodiester bond 10 During DNA replication, the bond between an incoming nucleotide and the one already in place releases a two-phosphate unit called Beas does the polymerase enzyme catalyse in bonding, 3 group of a new nucleotide and the 3’-OH carbon '5'-OH group of a new nucleotide and the 3°-PO4 carbon 0 ofa new nucleotide and the 3'-OH carbon ‘what proteins are utilised at the Y-junction to ‘keep single-E Which atthe Following is ot a 7 & Seltctivity PROPERLY of receritary Sensitivity &. Specificity ; O sesicy 18. A true statement regarding second: Sipe sea is b. They are produced before the drug binds Th Produced after binding of deugs CAMP is the only sevondary messenger 19. A fill agonist A. Has tess than maximum efficacy b. Has ophy affinity © Upwinvrinsic effect | t — 12, 5 4: li Siar Eid 20. Drugs @® ‘a therapeutic effect ve no pharmacological effect ¢ Always bind to a-receptor d. Are taken to produce side effects ‘State whether the following statements are true or See ee 21 Drugs ate wd for only therapists. ee 22. Only synthetic compounds arcuted ss des s 7 Tom channels produce slow responses fa a ene Fr. Carries molecules may be blocked ty Ass ae z {in the cytosol of the cell 25. Receptors are usually presen 7 OPS icwn ; sdatapet + ® Fiintesoowing poses » fiat closichheton a 26.A plot of dose against 7" “2 4. eae ia receptor 1S at the effects o SZ bind 19 drags on the ody 18 . a the: = se reaponss carve, suficd 1° an antagonist @ 698° * baoaoe eT i tan fae Sane in which the body aftecrs drug metabolism the effects of the drug on the body where OG og action W led! an/s at bincls to a cell receptor and ca Agonist Bes b S “receptor blocker tement(s) is/are true Affinity measures the ability of a doug. to bind to the eeveptoe 4 wy Receptor is the biological component with which a deug interacts. Potency measvces the margin of safety of a dasy pa Abeapp cist | the'sime teceptors at tho coresponcling aguaist OK statement(s) -coacesnitig eompettive inhibition 5 competitive inhibition i js’based on teversibl> deug/aatagonist binding at receptor sites i) with competitive inhib the dose-effects curve is shifted to th= left ) seith comprtitive inhibition, maximal drug effect cannot be obtained, even at high agonist: cdacenteationsOF Hospi AT NOIR ( S08: PITARMAC | OEY THR | QUIZ) Y al ; ma ony Thme:A8 minutos Pt i ae following tev 4 ‘are Lom Gor mon jy Muttnaen taps zon & Van der waaly * do Electrostatic 2 The futiowi statements are true ‘except? Doy lly bind to prodiace n pharmsealoy, ‘ius possess affinity and efficacy ©. Drugs may have affinity at a receptor site int ho efficacy = Drugs may bind by different forces of attraction al efuos ch of these is most clinically relevant? = Erno R. ‘the following is a non-receptor target of a drug? ‘receptor why Kp#ECwexcep? !proportional to receptor occupation th biopha ase is not known accurately ‘proportional to the response d to be occupied for maximal response pacers Ee siotoge unit ile of effect efficacy is known 25: