Question 1.

Evaluate ∫ by

(a) Trapezoidal rule

(b) Simpson’s 1/3 rule
(c) Simpson’s 3/8th rule
and estimate error in your result.
Solution: Let us divide in six intervals of equal length
we get and the table is
0 1/6 2/16 3/6 4/6 5/6 1
0 0.14286 0.25 0.33333 0.4 0.45454 0.5

(a) Trapezoidal rule:

The formula of trapezoidal rule is
[ ]

[ ]
Error estimation in trapezoidal rule:

The maximum value of in is -2 at

Error [ ]

maximum error in trapezoidal rule is 0.00463. So more

correct value is 0.30512+0.00463
 (b) Simpson’s 1/3 rule:
[ ]

[ ]

Error estimation in Simpson’s 1/3 rule

The maximum value of in [0,1] is -24.

The error formula [ ]

 ( )

maximum error in Simpson’s 1/3 rule is 0.0001. So more

correct value is 0.30683+0.0001

(c) Simpson’s 3/8th rule:

[ ]

[
]
Error estimation in Simpson’s 3/8th rule

The error formula [ ]

( )

Hence
Analytical solution:

∫ ∫ ∫( )

[ ]
Error analysis of ∫ :

Name of Formula to calculate Result Error in Result

Method Error from Method from
Method Analytical
Solution
Trapezoidal
[ ]
Rule
Simpson’s
[ ]
1/3 Rule
Simpson’s
[ ]
3/8 Rule