Grammar 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Sentences, Clauses and Phrases Active and Passive Voice Infinitive and the -ing form English Tenses (Active Forms) Conditionals and Wishes Adjectives Nouns, pronouns 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Verbs Adverbs Prepositions Subjects, Objects Modal Verbs This, my, some, a lot of, etc. Other Grammar Topics

Sentences, Clauses and Phrases Yes/No Questions Wh- Questions Complex Question Formation Subject-Verb Agreement Conjunctions and Linking Words Basic Sentence Structure Building Sentences Sentence Structure and Punctuation Coordinators Subordinators Sentence Connectors I. Yes/No Questions

Relative Clauses Reduced Relative Clauses Reducing Adverbial Clauses Restrictive Clauses Noun Clauses Clauses and Phrases Introductory Phrases Participal Phrases Structure Words Parenthetical Statements Absolutes

There are many types of questions in English. The easiest are questions that can be answered yes or no. A: Are you from around here? B: Yes, I am. A: Do you come here often? B: Yes, I do. A: Can I buy you a drink? B: No, thanks. A: Are you married? B: Yes, I am. To form a question from a statement, first count the number of verbs.

a) b) c) d) e) f)

John is a doctor Jane drives a sports car. Joan played basketball last night. Jan is eating her dinner. June has rented an apartment. Jen has been living there since 1969.

One verb: is (be) One verb: drives One verb: played Two verbs: is eating Two verbs: has rented Three verbs: has been living

1. If there is one verb in the statement and the verb is a form of be, simply switch the positions of the subject and verb. Statement John is a doctor. The Jensens are here. Question Is John a doctor? Are the Jensens here?

2. If there are two verbs, simply switch the positions of the subject and first verb. Statement Jan is eating dinner. Question Is Jan eating dinner?

June has rented an apartment. Jen has been living here since 1969.

Has June rented an apartment? Has Jen been living here since 1969?

3. If there is one verb, and the verb is not a form of be, the process is more complex. Add Do to the beginning of the sentence. Statement Question

The Johnsons live in that house. Do the Johnsons live in that house?

If the main verb carries a third person singular s, move the s to Do, making it Does. Jane drives a car. Do Jane drives a car? (Not finished yet!) Does Jane drive a car? (Good question!) If the main verb carries" past tense, move the past tense to Do, making it Did. Joan played basketball last night. Do Joan played basketball? (Not finished yet!) Did Joan play basketball? (Good question!) In conversation, most questions are asked of the second person (you) and answered in the first (I). A: Are you from California? B: No, Im from Oregon. Are you? A: Yes, Im from Hollywood. B: Do you know any movie stars? A: No, I dont go out at night.

1. It is raining. 2. We are late. 3. John is tired. 4. Mary is going to Spain. 5. We won. 6. Harry ate the last cake. 7. Paul took the dog for a walk. 8. Sally drew a lovely picture. 9. You broke the vase. 10. The cat caught the mouse 11. You are going to the shop. 12. We are best friends 13. They will go home soon.

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14. You have got a big car. 15. We shall go bowling tomorrow 16. We had a great time last night.

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17. You have bought a new pair of shoes. __________________________________________________ 18. I went to school yesterday. 19. That is a very exciting book. ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

20. It will be Gill's birthday tomorrow. ___________________________________________________

II.

Wh- Questions Wh- Questions allow a speaker to find out more information about topics. They are as follows: When? Where? Who? Why? How? What? Time Place Person Reason Manner Object/Idea/Action

Other words can also be used to inquire about specific information: Which (one)? Whose? Whom? How much? How many? How long? How often? How far? What kind (of)? Choice of alternatives Possession Person (objective formal) Price, amount (non-count) Quantity (count) Duration Frequency Distance Description

The grammar used with wh- questions depends on whether the topic being asked about is the subject or predicate of a sentence. For the subject pattern, simply replace the person or thing being asked about with the appropriate wh-word. (Someone has my baseball.) (Something is bothering you.) Who has my baseball? What is bothering you?

For the predicate pattern, wh- question formation depends on whether there is an auxiliary verb in the original sentence. Auxiliary or helping verbs are verbs that precede main verbs. Auxiliary verbs are italicized in the following sentences. I can do it. They are leaving.

I have eaten my lunch. I should have finished my homework.

To make a question using the predicate pattern, first form a yes/no question by inverting the subject and (first) auxiliary verb. Then, add the appropriate wh- word to the beginning of the sentence. (You will leave some time.) (He is doing something.) (They have been somewhere.) will you leave When will you leave? is he doing What is he doing? have they been Where have they been?

If there is no auxiliary and the verb is be, invert the subject and verb, then add the appropriate wh- word to the beginning of the sentence. (He is someone.) (The meeting was some time) is he Who is he? was the meeting When was the meeting?

If there is no auxiliary and the verb is not be, add do to the beginning of the sentence. Then add the appropriate wh-question word. Be sure to transfer the tense and number from the main verb to the word do. (You want something.) (You went somewhere.) She likes something.) do you want What do you want? did you go (past tense) Where did you go? does she like (third person s) What does she like?